USA > Illinois > Cook County > Chicago > History of Chicago : historical and commercial statistics, sketches, facts and figures, republished from the "Daily Democratic press" ; What I remember of early Chicago, a lecture, delivered in McCormick's hall, January 23, 1876 (Tribune, January 24th) > Part 6
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* It gives me pleasure to state, that I have sinee learned that Harper was very respectably connected in the city of Baltimore; that he made his way back to his native place, and that he was one of the six Washingtonian reformers who started the great temperance reformation which spread all over the country sometime about the year 1840, and subse- quently. A great many inebriates were reformed, and a great deal of permanent good was the result-
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36
HISTORY OF CHICAGO.
1853.
HISTORICAL AND
COMMERCIAL STATISTICS,
MANUFACTURES, BANKING, ETC.
The River and Harbor Convention, which commenced its sessions in this city on the 5th of July, 1847, gave the second great and permanent impulse to Chicago. After the disastrous speculating mania of 1836-7, the city gradually sunk in pub- lic favor till 1842, when the lowest point was reached, and business began to revive. The progress of the city, however, was slow, till its advantages were in some measure appreciated and made known by the intelligent statesmen and business men from every part of the Union, who were present at that Convention. To the editors who were present is Chicago specially indebted for extending a knowl- edge of her commercial position. The opening of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, in the spring of 1848, gave a marked impetus to our trade, and tended still farther to attract the attention of the country to the Garden City. On the 22d of January, 1850, the Galena Railroad was opened forty-two and a half miles to Elgin, and in a very few months demon- strated the important fact that, owing to the cheapness with which railroads could be constructed in Illinois, they would pay a large dividend to the stockholders. Eastern capitalists saw that the Missis- sippi Valley was the place to make profit- able investments, and in 1851 the charter of the Illinois Central Railroad turned the' attention of the whole Union to Chicago, and made her future pre-eminence no longer doubtful. The completion of the
Michigan Southern and Michigan Central Railroads in 1852, added much to the prosperity of the city; and the com- mencement of the Rock Island Railroad in the spring of the same year, its rapid progress and immense business, and the fact that Chicago is one of the greatest railroad centres in the country, have all tended to increase our population at the rate of fifty-seven per cent. during the past year-a ratio never before witnessed in the United States, except in California.
With these improvements there has been a corresponding change in the busi- ness of the city. In the fall of 1847, when we first saw Chicago, the business of our merchants was confined mainly to the retail trade. The produce that was shipped from this port was all brought to the city by teams. Some of them would come a hundred and fifty miles. Farmers would bring in a load of grain and take back supplies for themselves and their neighbors. Often has it happened that they would get " sloughed," or break their wagons; and between the expense of repairs and hotel charges, they would find themselves in debt when they got home. During the " business season" the city would be crowded with teams. We have seen Water and Lake streets almost impassable for hours together. The opening of the canal in 1848 made considerable change in the appearance of the city, and when the Galena Railroad was finished to Elgin, the difference was
37
HISTORY OF CHICAGO.
very striking. The most of those old familiar teams ceased to visit us, and we heard some few merchants gravely express the opinion that the canal and railroads would ruin the city. The difference they have made is simply that between a small and a large business ; between a retail and a wholesale trade. One of the prin- cipal Jewelry and Gold and Silver estab- lishments in the city in 1845 did a busi- ness of $3,000 ; last year the same house sold goods to the amount of $120,000. Drug stores, whose sales eight years ago were from five to six thousand dollars, now do a business of from fifty to a hun- dred thousand. The Hardware, Dry Goods and Grocery business will show similar, and some of them still more re- markable results. We have made repeat- ed efforts to get at the exact figures in each department of trade, that we might make comparisons between the last and preceding years, but we are sorry to say that many of our merchants are very re- luctant to give us any figures, lest the extent of the commerce of Chicago should become known, and merchants from other cities should come here and divide their profits. A more narrow-minded, injuri- ous policy, in our judgment, could not be adopted.
The transactions in produce, since the opening of the canal and railroads, make but little show in the streets, but they are immense. We can name five houses, each of whose business foots up to from eight hundred thousand to a million and a half of dollars per year. To see these gentle- men in the evening, quietly chatting on . the state of the markets, at the Tremont, one would hardly suspect that their pur- chases for the day had amounted to five or ten, and sometimes perhaps to fifty thousand dollars.
We have some interesting facts and figures to present, and commence with
REAL ESTATE.
The appreciation in the value of real estate in Chicago is truly amazing. To those who have always lived in towns and cities on the seaboard, that were "finished" before they were born, the facts we are
about to give will be scarcely credible. They are, however, plain, sober truths, which, if any one doubts, he can verify at his leisure. Real estate in Chicago now has a positive business value, below which it will never be likely to sink, unless some great calamity should befall the whole country.
Like all Western cities, Chicago has had her reverses. In 1835-6, real estate had a fictitious value. The whole country was mad with the spirit of speculation. When the crash came, in the latter part of 1837, hundreds in this city found them- selves bankrupt. Real estate went down to a very low figure, reaching "bottom " in 1842. Since then, it has been steadily rising with the increasing prosperity of the country, and if the judgment of our most cautious, far-seeing business men can be trusted, it will never be any less. That judgment is based upon an array of facts, the accuracy and influence of which, upon the growth of Chicago, cannot be doubted. In only one year from the first of January next, we shall have four thousand miles of railroad centering in this city, counting in most cases their extension only in a single State beyond our own; and what is of more importance, they penetrate one of the finest agricul- tural regions that can be found in any country. By that time the Sault Ste. Marie Canal will be done-opening to our commerce the rich mines of Lake Supe- rior. The iron and the copper of that region will here meet the coal from our State, and build up the most extensive manufactories upon the Continent. One of the finest canals in the world connects us with the Illinois and Mississippi rivers; and in addition to all this, Chicago holds the key to the commerce of our magnifi- cent lakes, giving us a coasting trade, when Lake Superior is. opened to us by the Ste. Marie Canal, of three thousand miles. The most sagacious statesmen, and the ablest commercial men in this country and in Europe, have, therefore, a broad basis for the opinion that Chicago is soon to take rank among the three largest cities, and ere long as the second city upon the American Continent.
-
38
HISTORY OF CHICAGO.
The rise in real estate, and the prices at which it is now sold in view of such facts, are easily explained. The following table, made up from the records of the original sales in this city, will be found very in- teresting. The last column, showing the present value of property, is the average of the prices at which they would now sell, as given us by three of our oldest and most reliable real estate houses in this city. Many of the owners, we presume, would not sell at these figures, and we have no doubt should any of this property be put in the market, it would readily command at least the estimated value given in the table. The price of "the lands " may appear enormous, but four of the parcels are now in the thickly inhab- ited parts of the city, and the valuation is probably below rather than above the mark.
FIRST PURCHASER.
DESCRIP- TION OF LOTS.
BLK
ORIGI- NAL PRICE.
PRESENT VALUE.
Sept. 27, 1830.
B. B. Kercheval. Nos5 and 6 29
$ 109.00
$ 21,300
Mark Beaubien.
3 and 4 31
102.00
108,000
Thos. Hartzell .. do
1
21 )
115.00
62,700
do
7
29
35.00
10,000
Edm'ndRoberts & Peter Menard Edm'ndRoberts William Jewett
4
29
100.00
13,000
2
18
45.00
40,000
James Kinzie. . 5,6, 7 and 8 12
do
2, 3, 5, 7&8 21
418.00
131,000
do
8 and 5 41 ) 7
16)
do
1,2, 7 and 8 17
do
1
18 ‘
346.00
450,000
do
6
35
do
3 and 4 36
John Kinzie ..
8
20
do
5 and 6 32
119.00
163,000
dc
2,7 and 8
5
685.00
128,000
Sept. 29, 1830.
Stephen Mack .. April 3, 1832.
5
9.
39.00
40,000
4
16
78.00
39,000
Jesse B. Browne
3
20
50.00
28,000
8
11
34.00
18,000
4
18
78.00
42,500
5
10 }
170.00
83,300
John Noble.
1
56
60.00
18,000
do
6
18 }
80.00
100,000
do
3
10 °
31
61.00
35,000
Hugh Walker ... Sept. 3, 1832.
O. Goss, Wash- ington Co. Vt.
2
56
70.00
18,000
Dec. 4, 1832.
Calvin Rawley ..
4
38
53.00
50,000
ORIGI- NAL PRICE.
PRESENT VALUE.
Sept. 12, 1830. NO. ACRES. Thos. Hartzell, W. hf. N. E. qr. Sec. 9, T. 39 N., Range 14 E ..
.80
$124.00
$800,000
Edmund Roberts and Benj.
B. Kercheval, W. hf.N.W. qr. Sec. 9, T. 39, R. 14 E .... 80 Sept. 28, 1830.
100.00
400,000
James Kinzie, E. hf. N. W. qr. Sec. 9, T. 39 N., R. 14 ... 80 Sept. 29, 1830.
140.00
600,000
J. B. Beaubien, N. hf. N. E. qr. Sec. 9, T.9N.R. 14 E 84 98-100
424.90
85,000
J. B. Beaubien, N. W. frac. N. W. qr. Sec. 9, T. 39 N., R. 14 E 107 66-100
638.30
132,000
Total.
$4,490.20
$3,765,800
There is, we believe, but one of the above lots, and only a fraction of that, which is now in the hands of the original purchaser. That is the lot owned by P. F. W. Peck, Esq., and in reality he was not the first purchaser, for it is the same lot bought by Mr. Peck of Mr. Walker-the receipt for which was quoted in the " His- tory of Chicago." That receipt was recog- nized by the Commissioner, and the deed was made directly to Mr. Peck.
Our citizens have all noticed the splen- did drug store of J. H. Reed & Co., No. 144 Lake street. The day it was opened, October 28, 1851, we stood in front of the store, conversing with the owner of the building, Jeremiah Price, Esq. Pointing to one of the elegant windows, said Mr. Price : "I gave $100 in New York for that centre pane of French plate glass. That is exactly what I paid Mr. J. Noble for this lot, eighty feet front, on a part of which the store stands, when I purchased it in 1833." That lot cannot now be bought for $64,000. Wolcott's Addition, on the North side, was bought in 1830 for $130. It is now worth considerably over one and a quarter millions of dollars. Walter L. Newberry, Esq., bought the forty acres which forms his addition to Chicago, of Thomas Hartzell, in 1833, for $1,062. It is now worth half a million of dollars, and what is fortunate for Mr. Newberry, he still owns by far the largest part of the property. So late as 1834, one-half of Kinzie's addition, all of Wolcott's addi- tion, and all of block 1, Original Town, were sold for $20,000. They are now
.
Thomas Ryan. .
12345678 2
10
42.00
30,000
7 and 8 43
53.00
57,000
Thos. J. V.Owen OliverNewberry do
4
17
100.00
46,000
James Kinzie. .
P. F. W. Peck .. April 5. 1832.
T. J. V. Owen & R.J. Hamilton
8
11
do
2
2
1
Alex. Wolcott ..
5 and 6 28
21.00
17,000
J. B. Beaubien.
8
29 (
=
Y
5
FIRST PURCHASER.
39
HISTORY OF CHICAGO.
worth, at a low estimate, $3,000,000. Any number of similar instances might be given of the immense appreciation of real estate in Chicago.
From the great appreciation which these figures show, many may be led to sup- pose that no more money can be made on real estate in Chicago. Exactly the reverse is true. As compared with their original cost, lots near the centre of the city can not be expected to appreciate so rapidly as in years past ; but that they will steadily advance, there can scarcely be a doubt. Let any business man study carefully the facts contained in these articles ; let him remembere that within the lifetime of thousands who read these pages Chicago will contain her hundreds of thousands of people ; and then let him calculate, if he has the courage, what real estate will then be worth in the commercial centre of the Mississippi Valley.
The following table exhibits the total valuation of real and personal property in Chicago, as taken from the Assessor's books, for a series of years. It must be remembered, however, that property is assessed at far below its real value :
YEAR.
VALUAT'N.
YEAR. VALUAT'N.
1839 $ 1,829,420
1847 $ 6,189,385
1840 1,864,205
1848 9,986,000
1841 1,888,160
1849 7,617,102
1842 2,325,240
1850 8,101,000
1843
2,250,735
1851 9,431,826
1844 3,166,945
1852 12,035,037
1845
3,669,124
1853 22,929,637
1846 5,071,402
The following shows the assessed value of the different kinds of property for the last year. The lands are within the city limits, but are not yet divided into lots :
Lands
$ 5,481,030
Lots
12,997,977
Personal Property 4,450,630
Total
$22,929,637
It will be noticed that the value of prop- erty kas nearly doubled in the year 1853. This fact corresponds very well with the increase of population, that being fifty- seven per cent.
CHURCHES.
Westated in our History that the Meth- odists were the pioneers among all relig- ious sects in Chicago. They were repre- sented here in 1831-2-3, by the veteran Missionary preacher, Jesse Walker. The first quarterly meeting was held here in the fall of 1833, in Watkins' school-house. The building stood on the southwest cor- ner of Clark and Old North Water streets. There were present at that meeting-John Sinclair, presiding elder ; Father Walker, missionary ; William See and William Whitehead, local preachers ; Chas. Wisen- craft, Mrs. R. J. Hamilton and Mrs. Har- mon. In the spring of 1834 the first regu- lar class was formed. Father Walker had previously built a log church at "The Point," which had been occupied for holding meetings for a year or two. Soon after the class was formed in the spring of 1834, a small frame church was built upon North Water street, between Dearborn and Clark streets. The lot on which the church now stands, corner of Clark and Washington streets, was purchased in 1836, and in the summer of 1838 the church was moved across the river on scows, and placed upon the lot. It was enlarged sev- eral times, to accommodate the increasing congregation. The present church was built in the summer of 1846.
The First Presbyterian is the oldest church in the city. It was organized on the 26th of June, 1833, by its first pastor, Rev. Jeremiah Porter, now of Green Bay. Mr. Porter was chaplain of a detachment of U. S. troops, who came here from Green Bay early in that year. When organized, it consisted of twenty-five members of the Garrison. The names of the citizens who united with it were :
JOHN WRIGHT, PHILO CARPENTER, 5 Elders.
Rufus Brown. Mrs. Elizabeth Brown. John S. Wright. Mary Taylor. J. H. Poor. E. Clark.
Mrs. Cynthia Brown.
Ten churches have since been organized in whole or in part from this church. It is now in a very flourishing condition under the pastoral care of Rev. H. Curtis.
40
HISTORY OF CHICAGO.
The first Catholic church in Chicago was built by Rev. Mr. Schoffer, in the years 1833-4. It was located somewhere in State street. It now stands in the rear of St. Mary's Cathedral, and is used by the Sisters of Mercy as a school room. St. Mary's is the oldest Catholic church in the city. It was opened for divine service on the 25th of December, 1843. Its pastors then were Rev'ds Fischer and Saint Pai- lais, now Bishop of Vincennes. The house was completed by the late Bishop Quar- ter, and consecrated by him December 5th, 1845.
St. James is the oldest Episcopal church in the city. It was organized in 1834. The following were the first members :
Peter Johnson.
Mrs. P. Johnson.
Mrs. Juliette A. Kinzie (wife of J. H. Kinzie, Esq.)
Mrs. Francis W. Magill.
Mrs. Nancy Hallam.
Mrs. Margaret Helm.
The first Baptist church was organized by Rev. A. B. Freeman, on the 19th of October, 1833. The following were its first members :
Rev. A. B. Freeman. Willard Jones.
S. T. Jackson. Ebon Crane.
Martin D. Harmon. Samantha Harmon.
Peter Moore. Lucinda Jackson.
Nath'l Carpenter. Betsey Crane.
John K. Sargents. Hannah C. Freeman. Peter Warden. Susannah Rice.
The first church erected by this society was built on North Water street-the pre- cise time we cannot give. In 1843-4 the society built a large brick house on the lot now owned by them on the south side of the public square. It was burnt down in October, 1852. A new church is now in process of erection, which will cost at least $25,000.
The first Sunday School in Chicago was established by Philo Carpenter, Esq., and Capt. Johnson, in August, 1832. Mr. Carpenter, in company with G. W. Snow, Esq., arrived here on the 30th of July, 1832. The school was first held in a frame, not then enclosed, which stood on ground a short distance northeast of the present residence of Mrs. John Wright, on Michi-
gan avenue. It is now washed away. The school consisted of thirteen children. It was held during the fall of that year and the next season above the store of P. F. W. Peck, Esq., at the southeast corner of LaSalle and Water streets. Rev. Mr. Porter also preached in the same place. In the fall of 1832, Charles Butler, Esq., of New York, presented the Sunday School with a library, and it soon increased to forty or fifty members.
The first Congregational church was or- ganized on the 22d of May, 1851, on the west side of the river.
The following is the present list of churches and ministers in Chicago :
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL.
.
TRINITY CHURCH-Madison, near Clark street; Rev. W. A. Smallwood, D.D., rector.
ST. JAMES' CHURCH-corner of Cass and Illinois streets; R. H. Clarkson, rector.
CHURCH OF THE ATONEMENT -- corner of Wash- ington and Green streets, West side; Dudley Chase, rector.
ST. PAUL'S FREE CHAPEL -- Sherman, near Harri- son street; J. McNamara, rector.
GRACE CHURCH-corner of Dearborn and Madison streets; C. E. Swope, rector.
ST. ANSGARIUS CHURCH -- corner of Indiana and Franklin streets; Gustavus Unonius, rector.
PRESBYTERIAN.
FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH -- corner Clark and Washington streets; Harvey Curtis, pastor.
SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-corner Wabash Avenue and Washington streets; R. W. Patterson, pastor.
THIRD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH -- Union street, between Randolph and Washington streets, West side; E. W. Moore, pastor,
NORTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-corner Illinois and Wolcott strects, North side; R. H. Richardson, pastor.
REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-Fulton st., corner Clinton street, West side; A. M. Stewart, pastor.
CONGREGATIONAL.
FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH -- Washington street, between Halsted and Union streets, West side.
PLYMOUTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH-corner Dearborn and Madison streets; N. H. Eggleston, pastor.
NEW ENGLAND CHURCH -- corner Wolcott and Indiana streets ; J. C. Holbrook, pastor.
SOUTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH -- There is preaching regularly by Rev. E. F. Dickenson, at the church near American Car Company's Works, at
41
HISTORY OF CHICAGO.
half past 10 o'clock A. M., every Sabbath. Also at 3 P. M., at the New Congregational Meeting House, corner of Clark and Taylor streets, near the South- ern Michigan Railroad Depot.
LUTHERAN.
NORWEGIAN CHURCHI-Superior, between Wells and LaSalle streets; Paul Andersen, pastor.
GERMAN CHURCH -- LaSalle, between Indiana and Ohio streets; J. A. Fisher, pastor.
GERMAN CHURCH-Indiana street, near Wells; Augustus Selle, pastor.
BAPTIST.
FIRST CHURCH-Burned down, now worshipping in the old Presbyter'an Church, on Clark, near Madison street; J. C. Burroughs, pastor.
TABERNACLE CHURCH-Desplaines, between Washington and Madison streets, West side; A. Kenyon, pastor.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL.
CLARK STREET CHURCH-corner Clark and Wash- ington streets; J. Clark, pastor.
INDIANA STREET -- between Clark and Dearborn streets; S. Bolles, pastor.
JEFFERSON STREET-between Madison and Mon- roe streets, West side; E. H. Gammon, pastor.
OWEN STREET -- corner Owen and Peoria streets, West side; S. Guyer, pastor.
CLINTON STREET-between Polk and Taylor streets, West side.
HARRISON STREET-near State street ; F. A. Reed, pastor.
GERMAN-Indiana street, between Wells and LaSalle streets; C. Winz, pastor.
GERMAN-Van Buren street, corner of Griswold, A. Kellener, pastor.
METHODIST PROTESTANT.
METHODIST PROTESTANT-corner of Washington and Jefferson streets; Lewis R. Ellis, pastor.
CATHOLIC.
CATHEDRAL OF ST. MARY'S-corner of Madison street and Wabash avenue; Patrie Thomas McEl- hearne and James Fitzgerald, pastors,
ST. PATRICK'S-corner Randolph and Desplaines street; Patrick J. Mclaughlin, pastor.
HOLY NAME OF JESUS-corner Wolcott and Su- perior streets, North side; Jeremiah Kinsella, pas- tor.
ST. PETER'S-(German)-Washington, between Franklin and Wells street; G. W. Plathe, pastor.
ST. JOSEPH'S-(German)-corner Cass street and Chicago avenue, North side; Anthony Kopp, pastor. ST. LOUIS-(French)-Clark, between Adams and Jackson streets; I. A. Lebel, pastor.
ST. MICHAEL'S-corner North avenue and New Church street; E. Kaiser, pastor.
ST. FRANCIS ASSISIUM-West side; J. B. Wei- camp, pastor.
NEW JERUSALEM-SWEDENBORGIAN.
PLACE OF WORSHIP corner of Dearborn and Randolph streets; J. R. Hibbard, pastor.
UNITARIAN.
UNITARIAN CHURCH-North side of Washington street, between Clark and Dearborn streets; R. R. Shippen, pastor.
UNIVERSALIST.
UNIVERSALIST CHURCHI-South side of Washing- ton street, between Clark and Dearborn streets; L. B. Mason, pastor.
JEWISH.
SYNAGOGUE-Clark street, between Adams and Quincy streets; G. Schneidacher, pastor.
COLLEGES, SCHOOLS, ETC.
The Common Schools of Chicago are the pride and the glory of the city. The school fund is ample, and every child in the city can obtain the elements of a good English education free of charge. We have now six large Public School edifices, two in each division of the city. From three to seven hundred children are daily gathered in each.
Besides these, we have a large number of private schools and seminaries, where those who wish can educate their childrer-
We have an excellent Commercial Coi lege, at the head of which is Judge Bell; The Catholics have a College, and thi Methodists are also about to establish ane endow a University. We have also ¿ most excellent Medical College.
-
The educational facilities of Chicago may therefore be regarded as of a very high order
BANKS, BANKING, ETC.
Had we space to write out the history of Banking in Illinois, and especially in Chicago, it would present some interest- ing topics for the contemplation of the financier. We have had two State Banks. The first was established early in the his- tory of the State, and though the most extravagant expectations were entertained of its influence for good, its bills soon depreciated very rapidly, and for the want of silver change, they were torn in several fragments and passed for fractions of a dollar. It soon became entirely worthless. The second State Bank was chartered by the session of the Legisla . ture in the winter of 1834-5. In July of 1885, it was determined to establish &
42
HISTORY OF CHICAGO.
branch here; but it was not opened till December of that year. In the financial embarrassments of 1837, the bank stopped specie payment, but continued business till 1841, when it finally suspended. For the ten succeeding years we had no banks of any kind in the State. These were dark days for Illinois. She annually paid banking institutions of other States im- mense sums of money in the shape of interest for all the currency she used.
Tired of this system, a. general bank- ing law, modeled after that of New York, was passed, and on the 3d of January, 1853, the Marine Bank in this city com- menced business. The law is regarded as rather too stringent by our bankers, and hence they do not procure bills for a tithe of the capital they employ. The follow- ing table shows the number of banks in this city, and the amount of bills they have in circulation :
BANKS. BILLS IN CIRC'N.
Mchange Bank of H. A. Tucker & Co. $50,000 Farine Bank 215,000
Cink of America 50,000
Chicago Bank. 150,000
Commercial Bank 55,000
Farmers' Bank 50,000
Jnion Bank. 75,000
Merchants' and Mechanics' Bank 54,700
60,000 City Bank
The capital of these banks is, in some instances, half a dozen times the amount of their circulation. The banking capital actually employed to do the business of the city must amount to several millions, and yet so rapid is the increase of trade, that money within the last six years has never borne less than ten per cent. inter- est. This is the legal rate established by the laws of Illinois. Most of the time money can be loaned from one to two per cent. per month, by those who are willing to take advantage of the opportunities which are constantly offering. We pre- sume that hundreds of thousands of dol- lars could be safely invested at any time within a week or two, at the legal rate of interest. We have never seen the money market of Chicago fully supplied at the regular legal rate, viz : ten per cent. per annum.
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