USA > Illinois > Christian County > History of Christian County, Illinois > Part 13
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77
Crinoid stems, etc., part exposed, remainder in shaft . . . . . total 31 ft.
2 Ash-grey limestone, weathers drab, has buff' shaly partings, abounds in Prod. costatus, P. longispinus, Athyris subtilita ; also contains Prod. Nebrascenis, Sp. cameratus, Prod. prattenianus, a fish tooth and one specimen each of Syntrilasma hemiplicata and Allorisma subeuncata hemiplicata and Allorisma subcuneata were obtained from it.
The rocks of the above section are regarded as being equivalent to the Ramsey creek, Fayette county beds. The limestone (No. 2) contains the fossils of the Syntrilasma limestone of Ramsey creek, although but one specimen of that fossil was found. The lithologi- cal character, thickness and fossils, are the same as beds found on Beck's ereek, Fayette county, and the overlaying shales (No. 1) are similar to corresponding beds at the railroad bridge, on Ramsey creek. Down the creek three miles, there appear four feet of lead-blue argillaeeous limestone, equivalent to No. 22 of the section. The upper beds are shaly, the lower part firm, even, thick beds of subcrystalline fine-grained deep-blue limestone, having a conchoidal fracture. The upper shaly part is traversed by fucoidal markings, and contains many fossils, mostly Prod. prattenianus, P. Nebrascensis and Sp. cameratus ; but fragments of a Nautilus and Bryozou were also found here.
A mile further down stream, rocks near No. 25 erop out in the bank of the creek, of which the following is a section : -
FT.
1 Soft, yellow, oelrey, calcareous shale 5
2 Dark olive clay shales . 2
3 Deep blue fucoidal sandstone, and shales
4 Bituminous shale . . ?
49
HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
Fossils found in Nos. 1 and 2 were Pleurotomaria sphoruluta, Spirifer cameratus, Sp. plano-convexus, Productus longispinus, P. prattenianus, Orthis carbonaria, Retzia punctulifera, Lophophyllum proliferum, Macrocheilus, (small sp.), Bellerophon, erinoid stems, and one fine specimen of Pleurotomaria tabulata.
The next in deseending order is 12 feet of sandstone (No. 26), seen on South Fork, five miles below Taylorville. The upper part is shaly, the lower beds thiek, hard and grey, and a softer brown with dark speeks; contains remains of Calamites, Sigillaria, and other coal plants. Nos. 27, 28 and 29 .- In seetion 29, T. 14 N. R. 3 W., a quarter of a mile above Greenwood's mill, was observed at the top :----
FT. IN.
Red shale . 1 0
Dark olive calcareons shale, containing Athyris subtilita, a small Macrocheilus, Nuculu ventricosa, and crinoid stems 21 0
Coal, No. 12 . . 0 10
Slope to limestone No. 30 of general section . 3 0
Three miles above Ralston's bridge, on the South Fork of the Sangamon, observed Nos. 30 and 31 as follows :-
FT. IN.
1 Ash-grey, compact limestone, showing facets of cale spar, very few fossils . .0 8
2 Shales, with nodules of buff limestone abounding in fossils,
Producius costatus, Productus longispinus, Spirifer cameratus, Spiriferia Kentuckensis. Athyris subtilita, Chonetes variolata ?
Crinoid stems, Fistulipora and Synocladia biserialis . . . . . 3 0
At Ralston's Quarry, in seetion 3, T. 13 N., R. 3 W., we have-
FT.
1 Slope from top of hill . . 20
2 Grey limestone fossils are Productus costatus, P. punctatus, Spirifer cameratus, Spiriferia Kentuckensis, Hcmipronites crassus 1
3 Like the last, but more shelly, fossils about the same 1
4 Green shales 1
5 Brown shales, with nodules of limestone; abounds in Athyris subtilita, Crinoid stems and plates, Lophophyllum proliferum, Sp. cameratus 1
6 Gray or drab limestone, but few fossils ; those scen were Athyris subtilita, Productus longispinus, P. Prattenianus and Lophophyllum proliferum 9
Part of the same may be seen at Greenwood's Mills.
At North Fork mills, on the North Sangamon river, in seetion 13, T. 15 N., R. 3 W , we have-
FT.
1 Slope clay and sand-drift . 50
2 Limestone, upper part gray and nodular, lower part more firmly bedded, soon weathers brown; fossils : Productus longispinus, P. costatus, P. Prattenianus, P. Nebrascensis, Athyris subtilita, Spirifer cameratus, Hemipronites 8
3 Clay shales, containing a crinoid allied to Poteriocrinus hemis- phericus . 21
4 Limestone weathering brown
Three miles down stream, near the west county line, the lower part of the last seetion appears 7 feet thiek, with brown shaly part- ings between the beds, which abound in Athyris subtilita; the other fossils are P. Costatus, P. Nebrascensis, P. Prattenianus, and Lophophyllum proliferum.
The limestones above deseribed (Nos. 30 and 31) correspond to similar beds at Litchfield and on Lake Fork, in Montgomery county.
COAL SHAFT AT EDINBURG.
On the 22d day of August, 1873, Dr. Basil Greenwood, * and John McKeman, entered into a contract to sink a shaft for eoal on the lands
owned by William W. Halford. The site for the shaft was in what was then Blueville, (but now Edinburg), the size was six feet by twelve feet in the elear, and has a partition in the middle, thus forming two six foot shafts. After reaching about 70 feet, MeKemal beeame dissatisfied and sold out to Greenwood, who went on with the work. The shaft was sunk with one horse, and from three to five men, and was over four years being sunk to the depth of 345 feet, and at a cost of near $16,000. Below we give the strata passed through.
FT. IN.
FT. IN.
Soil and drift clay . 12 0 Gray shale 2 0
Light sandstone very coars. 0 3 Reddish shale (soft) 1
3
Mixed shalc and coal . 1 3 Coal rock and sand mixed 7
0
Hard clay shale-hard pin 6
6 Soapstone (soft)
3
4
Quicksand (very soft) 0) 10 Clay shale (dark) 1
Blne sandstone (very hard) 0
2 Gray sandstone 16
0
Blue soapstone 6
0 Gray sand shale 8
6
Soft sandstone . 6
Mixture of clay sand and gravel 10
6
Hard sand rock
8
Hard gray sand shale . . 17
5
Light limestone 0
8
Soft blue shale, some water 2
4
Black sandstone and shale
50
0
Coal
1
3
Gray sand shale .
9
0
Fire clay
4
6
Black slate or shalc
5
Hard gray limestone 8 10
Coal 1
6
Reddish shale mixed with hard balls . 6
Variegated limestone (very hard) 8
Dark soapstone (soft) . 1
6 Gray sandstone (gets darker) . 27 Dark sand shale 50 0 Hard black limestone with white
Hard conglomerate rock with iron balls 9
0
spots . 0 11
Black slate 0
6
Coal
1
Blue or green clay 1
3
Soapstone -
0
1
Spotted limestone 8 0 Fire clay 0
6
White fossil rock
2 The exact depth of the shaft is 345 11 1
After getting through those strata and not finding eoal Dr. Greenwood abandoned the shaft for nearly three years, and let it fill up with water, but again in the spring of 1879 he employed an engine, and hoisted out the water, and drilled near seventy feet deeper, but found nothing to justify sinking the shaft any further, so he put the hands at work on the last 18 ineh vein of eoal, and it proved to be a very good artiele, and the fire elay lying immediately under the eoal the shaft ean be worked profitably. This is the only mine in the county where eoal has been raised to any extent, although there have been large sums of money spent prospeeting for it ..
ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY.
Coal .- South of Pana eoal has been taken out at several places along the head waters of Coal ereek. At White's bank, on seetion 34, township 11, north, range 1, east, the seam is about twenty-two inches thiek, of good quality, and obtained by drifting into the hill side, at an elevation of about thirty feet above the level of the ereek. The position of this eoal in the geologieal series is about 420 feet above eoal No. 7, and corresponds to No. 14, counting from lowest coal upwards, and is numbered seventeen in general seetion of this and adjoining counties. A ten ineh seam erops out a quarter of a mile up stream, from Greenwood's mill, but the coal is of poor quality. A 17 ineh seam probably exists beneath the limestone at North Fork mills, about six feet below low water. This coal is perhaps about 365 feet above eoal No. 7.
Building Material .- South of Pana there is a quarry of hard gray sandstone, which appears to be very durable. At a quarry
* For the facts concerning this mine the publishers are indebted to Dr. Greenwood. 7
Fire clay 1
3
Black slate (very soft) 10
Coal 0
0 White sandstone
0
2 Fire clay 1
2
0
Hard fossil rock (greenish color) 7 3
Coal
4
6 Dark sand shale . 3
0
6 |Dark sand shale with iron balls 8
0
Hard blue clay with hard nodules 2
Fire clay (very fine) 6
50
HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
six miles west of Pana, on Locust Fork, there are four feet of ash- gray limestone, weathering bluish-drab. The beds are rather thin, but the rock is of good quality. Two miles west of this there is a very good quarry of deep blue limestone; the lower beds, if pro- perly quarried, would make a pretty and durable building stone.
Ralston's and Greenwood's quarries, on the South Fork of San- gamon, each contain several good beds of building stone, and make excellent lime. There are similar quarries at the North Fork mills, and three miles west.
The lower two feet at the quarry in section 16, township 14, north, range 3, west, would probably make a good marble; it is a fine-grained, even-textured, dove-colored limestone, with many lines and specs. of cale-spar.
CHAPTER VII. FAUNA OF THE COUNTY.
N presenting a list of the animals of the county that existed here prior to and after the advent of the white inan, while the list may not be complete, it will, how- ever, be of interest to the student and scientist. Of the ruminating animals that were indigenous to this territory, we had the American Elk (Cervus Canadensis), and still have the deer of two kinds, the more common, the well-known American deer (Cer- vus Virginianus), and the White-tailed Deer (Cervus Leucurus). And at a period not very remote, the American Buffalo (Bos Americanus) must have found pastures near the alluvial and shaded banks of the Sangamon and plains and prairies of this portion of the State. The heads, horns and bones of the slain animals were still numerous in 1820. The Black Bear (Ursus Americanns) were quite numerous even in the memory of the older settlers. Bears have been seen in the county within the last thirty years. The Gray Wolf (Canis Occidentalis) and Prairie Wolf (Canis latrans) are not unfrequently found, as is also the Gray Fox (Vulpes Virginianus), which still exists by its superior cunning. The panther ( Felis concolor) was occasionally met with in the ear- lier times, and still later and more common, the Wild Cat (Lynx rufus). The Weasel, one or more species; the Mink (Putorius Vison); American Otter (Lutra Canadensis) ; the Skunk (Mephitis Mephitica) ; the Badger (Taxidea Americana); the Raccoon ( Pro- cyon Lotor); The Oppossum (Didelphys Virginiana). The two latter species of animals are met with in every portion of the United States and the greater part of North America. The coon- skin among the early settlers was regarded as a legal tender. The Bear and Otter are now extinet in the county, and were valuable for their furs. Of the Squirrel family we have the Fox, Gray, Flying, Ground and Prairie Squirrel , Seirus Ludovicanus, Caroli- nensis, Volucella, Striatus and Spermaphilus). The Woodchuck ( Arctomys Monax ) ; the common Musk Rat (Fiber Zibethicus). The Bats, Shrews and Moles are common. Of the Murida we have the introduced species of Rats and Mice, as also the native Meadow Mouse, and the Long-tailed Jumping Mouse (Meriones Labrado- rus), frequently met with in the clearings. Of the Hares, the ( Lupus Sylvatiens) the so-called Rabbit, is very plentiful. Several species of the native animals have perished, being unable to endure the presence of civilization, or finding the food congenial to their tastes appropriated by stronger races. Many of the pleasures, dangers and excitements of the chase are only known and enjoyed by most of us of the present day through the talk and traditions of the past. The Buffalo and the Elk have passed the borders of the Mississippi to the westward, never more to return.
Of the Fish, the most common are the Cat, Bass and the Sun- fish. The Perch, Pike and Buffalo are also occasionally inct with. The common Carp Chub are numerous; the Bass is a game fish, and affords fine sport.
Of Birds may be mentioned the following :*
Among the Game Birds most sought after are the Melcagris Gallopavo (Wild Turkey), and Cupidonia Cupido (Prairie Hen), which afford excellent sport for the hunter, and are quite plenti- ful; Pinnated Grouse (Bonasa Umbellus) ; Ruffled Grouse (Ortyx Virgininanus) ; Quail (Philohela Minor) ; Woodcock (Gallinago Wilsonii) ; English Snipe, (Macrorhamphus Griseus) ; Red-breasted Snipe, (Gambetta Melanoleuca) ; Telltale Snipe, (Gambetta Fla- vipes); Yellow-Legs, (Limosa Fedoa) ; Marbled Godwit, (Scolofax Fedoa, Wilson); Numenius Longirastris, (Long-billed Curlew) ; Numenius Hudsonicus, (Short-billed Curlew ) ; Rallus Virginianus, (Virginia Rail) ; Cygnus Americanus, ( American Swan) ; Cygnus Buccinator, (Trumpeter Swan) ; Anser Hyperboreus, (Snow Goose) ; Bermicala Canadensis, (Canada Goose) ; Bermicala Brenta (Brant) ; Anas Boschas (Mallard); Anas Obscura (Black Duck) ; Pafila Acuta, (Pintail Duck); Nettion Carolinensis, (Green-winged Teel) ; Querquedela discors (Blue-winged Teel) ; Spatula Clypeata, (Sho- veler); Marcea Americana, (American Widgeon) ; Aix Sponsa, (Summer, or Wood-Duck); Aythaya Americana (Red-head Duck) ; Aythaya Vallisneria, (Canvass-back Duck) ; Bucephala Albeola (Butter Ball); Lophodytes Cuceulatus, (Hooded Merganser) ; (Pelecanus erythrorhynchus), Rough-billed Pelican ; (Colymbus torquatus), The Loon; (Aegialitis vociferus), Killdeer Plover; Ball Head, Yellow-legged and upland Plover; (Tantalus loculator), Wild Ibis, very rarely visit this locality. (Herodus egretta), White Heron ; (Ardea Herodias), Great Blue Heron ; (Botaurus lentigi- nosus), Bittern ; (Grus Canadensis), Sand Hill Crane ; (Ectopistes migratoria), Wild Pigcon ; (Zenaidura Carolinensis), Common Dove; (Corvus carnivorus), American Raven ; (Corvus Ameri- canus), Common Crow ; (Cyanurus cristatus), Blue Jay ; (Doli- chonyx oryzivorus), Bobo'link ; (Agelaius phonicanus), Red-winged Black Bird; (Sturella magna), Meadow Lark; (Icterus Baltimore), Golden Oriole; (Chrysometris tristis), Yellow Bird ; (Junco hyc- malis), Snow Bird; (Spizella Socialis), Chipping Sparrow ; (Spi- zella pusilla), Field Sparrow ; (Melospiza palustris), Swamp Spar- row; (Cyanospiza cyanea), Indigo Bird; (Cardinalis Virginianus), Cardinal Red Bird; (Pipiło crythrophthalmus), Checwink; (Sitta Carolinensis), White-bellied Nuthatch ; (Mimus polyglottus), Mock- ing Bird; ( Minus Carolinensis), Cat Bird ; (Harphorhynchus ru- fus), Brown Thrush ; (Troglodytes aedon), House Wren; (Hirundo horreorum), Barn Swallow; (Cotyle riparia), Bank Swallow ; (Progne purpurea), Blue Martin ; (Ampellis cedrorum), Cedar Bird; (Pyrangra rubra), Scarlet Tanager ; (Pyrangra astiva), Summer Red Bird; (Tardus migratorus), Rohin, came less than forty years ago. (Sialia Sialis), Blue Bird; (Tyrannus Carolinen- six), King Bird ; (Sayornis fuscus), Pewee; (Ceryle alcyon), Belted Kingfisher; (Antrostomus vociferus), Whippoorwill; (Chardeiles popetue), Night Hawk ; (Chaetura pelasgia), Chimney Swallow ; (Trochilus colubris), Ruby-throated Humming Bird; (Picus villo- sus), Hairy Woodpecker ; (Pieus pubescens), Downy Woodpecker; (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), Red-headed Woodpecker; (Colaptes auratus), Golden-Winged Woodpecker ; (Conurus Carolinensis), Carolina Parrot; (Buba Virginianus), Great Horned Owl; (Syr- nium nebulosum), Barred Owl; (Nyetea nivea) Snowy Owl; (Ca- thartes aura), Turkey Buzzard; (Falco columbarium), Pigeon Hawk ; (Nnuclerns furcatus), Swallow-tailed Hawk ; (Icteria Mis-
* In the preceding mention of animals, both the scientific and common names are generally given for the convenience of the reader.
51
HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
sissippiensis), Mississippi Kite; (Buteo borealis), Red-tailed Hawk, (Haliatus leucocephalus), Bald Eagle; (Faleo fulvius), Ring-tailed Eagle.
We give the following classification of birds into three divisions, as found in the "Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society " of 1876.
1st. Those of the greatest value to the fruit-growers, in destroying noxious insects, and which should be encouraged and fostered in every way.
Blue Birds, Tit-miee or Chieadees, Warblers (small summer birds with pleasant notes, seen in trees and gardens), Swallows, Vuros (small birds called green necks). All birds known as Woodpeckers except sap-suckers (Picus varius). This bird is entirely injurious, as it is not insectivorous, but feeds on the inner bark, cambium (and the elaborated sap) of many species of trees, and may be known from other Woodpeckers, by its belly being yellowish, a large black patch on its breast, and the top of its head a dark bright red. The males have also a patch of the same on their throats and with the minor margins of the two central tail feathers white. This bird should not be mistaken for the two other most valnable birds which it nearly resembles, to wit :- The Hairy Woodpecker, (Pieus villiosii ct vars) ; and the Downy Woodpecker, (Picus pubescens et vars). These two species have the outer tail feathers white (or barred with black), and have only a small patch of red on the back of the head of the males. The Yellow Hammer or Flecker, (Colaptus auratus) is somewhat colored with yellow, and should not be mistaken for the sap-sucker. It is a much larger bird. The Red-headed Woodpecker, (Melanerpes ‹ rythrocephalus), sometimes peeks into apples and devours cherrics, and should be placed in the next division, (2d). The Wren, Ground Robin, (known as Cherwick), Meadow Lark, all the fly-catchers, the King Bird or bee-catcher, Whip-poor-will. Night Hawk or Goat Sucker, Nut-hatcher, Pewee or Powit. All the Blackbirds, Bobolinks, Finches, (Fringillidæ), Quails, Song Sparrows, Searlet Tanager, Black, White and Brown Creepers, Maryland Warblers, Indigo Birds, Chirping Sparrow, Black-throated Bunting, Thrushcs, ex- cept those named in the next elass, and all domestic fowls except geeze.
2D .- BIRDS OF DOUBTFUL UTILITY.
Which include those which have beneficial qualities, but which have also noxious or destructive qualities in the way of destroying fruits, and whose habits are not fully determined. (Thus the Robin, Brown Thrush and Cat Bird are very valuable as cut-worm eaters, but also very obnoxious to the small fruit growers. The Jay (Blue Jay) not only destructive to grain and fruits, but very noxious in the way of destroying the nest eggs and young of smaller and better birds, Robin, Brown Thrush and Cat Bird, Shrike or Butcher Bird, Red-headed Woodpecker, Jay Bird or Blue Jay, Crow and the small Owls (screech owls), Pigeons and Mocking Bird.)
3D,-BIRDS THAT SHOULD BE EXTERMINATED.
Sap-sucker, or Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, (see above), Balti- more Oriole, or Hanging Bird, Cedar Bird, or Wax-wings (Ampelis cedrorum), Hawks and the larger Owls.
CHAPTER VIII. FLORA.
T is not the purpose of this chapter to speak exhaustively on the plants of the county, but rather to give a list of the national trees and shrubs and grasses found within its limits. The intelligent farmer looks at onee to the
native vegetation as a sure indication of the valuc and fertility of the soil.
The botanist in making a survey of the State of Illinois would consider it under three heads, or ordinances ; the heavily timbered regions of the South, the flora, which is remarkable for its variety ; the central portion, consisting mainly of prairie, yet not without grooves which are usually adjacent to water courses. The county of Christian lying as it does in the prairie region, presents all the characteristics of a prairie county. Upon the flora of this county civilization has produced its inevitable effect. Our article will particularly treat of the more valuable woods utilized in the me- chanic arts, and the grasses, plants, vegetables, and flowers most beneficial to man, and particularly those which are natives of the county. Many species of the vegetable kingdom have fled; the Buffalo grass, which only grew on parts of the prairies, and almost wholly the large pampas grass, have become extinet, and given place to blue-grass, which, in places where domestic cattle feed, is rapidly and quietly displacing all others. The plants are many and rare, some for beauty and some for medicine. The pink-root, the columbo, the ginseng, the boneset, pennyroyal, and others are used as herbs for medicine. Plants of beauty are phlox, the lily, the aselepias, the mints, golden rod, the eye-bright gerardia, and hundreds more which adorn the meadows and brook-sides; besides are climbing vines, the trumpet creeper, the bitter sweet, the wood- bine, the clematis, and the grape, which fill the woods with gay festoons, and add graec to many a decaying monarch of the forest. The trees and grasses, one so lordly and permanent, the other so humble and transient, are the true glories of the county. The oak, with at least its twenty varieties ; the hickory, with as many more species ; the thirty kinds of elm, from the sort which bear leaves as large as a man's hand, to the kind which bear a leaf scarcely larger than a man's thumb-nail; the black walnut, so tall and straight ; the hackberry ; gum trec, black and sweet; the tulip; the giant cotton-woods, and hundreds more attest the fertility of the soil and mildness of the climate, while the bluc-grass in its ten varieties, the timothy and red-top, with clover so abundant in suceulence, affords excellent pasturage, and opens a fine field for the dairyman or stock raiser.
The following is a partial list of the trees and plants of the county :
Poa pratensis-spear-grass; Poa compressia-blue-grass, common.
Arisæma triphyllum-Indian turnip ; Typhlatifolia-eat-tail ; Sagittaria variabilis-arrow-head ; Cypripedium pubescens-yel- low lady's slipper; Cypripedium candidum-white lady's slipper, common.
Cannabis sativa-hemp; Humulus lupulus- hop, not common.
Datura stramonium-Jamestown wced; Asclepias cornuti-milk weed ; Fraxinus Americana-white ash; Fraxinus sambucifolia- black ash ; Phytolaeca decandra-poke weed ; Amarantus hybri- dus-pig weed; Rumex crispus-sour doek ; Sassafras officinale -- sassafras; Benzoin odoriferus-fever bush ; Marrubium vulgare- hoarhound ; Solanum nigrum-night-shade; Physalis viscosa - ground cherry ; Monarda didyma-horsemint; Nepeta eataria- catnip; Hedeoma pulegioides-pennyroyal ; Diospyros virginiana -persimmon ; Plantago major - plantain ; Verbaseum thapsus- mullein, common ; Cirsium lanceolatum-common thistle ; Lappa major-Burdock ; Taraxacum dens-leonis-dandelion, common, in- troduced during the last forty years.
Erecthites hieracifolia-fire weed ; Ambrosia artemisæfolia-rag weed ; Xanthium strumarium-cockle burr; Bidens bipinnata- Spanish needle ; Bidens chrysanthemoides-beggar ticks; Manta cotula-May weed ; Leueanthemum vulgare-ox-cyedaisy, common.
52
HISTORY OF CHIRISTIAN COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
Eupatorium perfoliatum-thoroughwort, not common; Cornus Florida-dogwood ; Sambucus Canadensis-elder, very common ; Ribes cynosbati-wild gooseberry ; Pyrus coronana-wild crab, abundant.
Crategus, several species ; Rosa setigera-climbing rose ; Rubus lucida-dwarf wild rose ; Rubus villosus-blackberry, abundant. Asimina triloba-papaw, quite abundant along the creek bot- toms; Nelumbium luteum-May apple, abundant in shady places.
Sanguinaria Canadensis, or bloodroot; Lepidium Virginicum- wild pepper-grass ; Portulaca Oleracea, or purslane; Tilia Ameri- cana, or linden, not abundant ; Zanthoxylum Americanum-prickly ash, scarce ; Rhus typhina-sumach ; Rhus toxicodendron-poison oak; Vitis æstivalis-summer grape. common ; Vitis cordifolia- frost grape ; Ampelopsis quinquefolia-Virginia crecper ; Esculus pavia-buckeye, scarce; Acer saccharinum-sugar maple; Acer dasycarpum-white maple; Negundo aceroides-box elder; Bap- tisia tinetoria-indigo weed, not abundant ; Cercis Canadensis- red-bud; Gymnocladus Canadensis-Kentucky coffec-tree; Gleidt- schia tracanthos-honey locust : Prunus Americana-red plum ; Prunus chicasa-Chickasaw plum : Prunus ecrotina-wild cherry ; Fragaria Virginiana-wild strawberry ; Rubus occidentalis-black cap raspberry; Rubus Canadensis-dewberry, common.
Populus angulata-cotton-wood, abundant.
Salix-willow, several varicties.
Alnus serrulata-alder.
Betula-birch ; Carpinus Americana-horn-bean, not common. Corylus Americana-hazel nut, abundant ; Castanea pumila- chinquapin.
Quercus rubra-red oak ; Quercus palustris-water oak, com- mon ; Quercus tinctoria-black oak ; Quercus nigra -black-jack ; Quercus imbricaria-laurel oak ; Quercus prinus-chestnut white oak; Quercus castanea-yellow oak, not common ; Quercus alba- white oak, common ; Quercus obstiloba-post oak, abundant.
Carya glabra-pig-nut hickory ; Quercus macrocarpa-overcup oak, common ; Carya tomentosa-white-heart hickory ; Carya alba -shell-bark hickory ; Carya olivaformis-pecan ; not common.
Juglans nigra-black walnut, abundant; Juglans cinerea-but- ter-nut, not common.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.