USA > Illinois > Clark County > History of Crawford and Clark counties, Illinois > Part 13
USA > Illinois > Crawford County > History of Crawford and Clark counties, Illinois > Part 13
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This regiment, like the Sixty-second, was organized at Anna, Ill., known then as Camp Dubois, in December, 1861, and on the 27th of April following it was ordered to Cairo. Af- ter a short expedition into Kentucky, it was, on the 4th of August, ordered to Jackson, Tenn., where it was assigned to the Fourth Brigade, Seventh Division of the Seventeenth Army Corps, John A. Logan commanding the Division. It operated in Tennessee and Mississippi, and was at the siege of Vicksburg. On the 12th of September, 1863, it was ordered to Helena, Ark., and on the 28th to Memphis; it moved toward Chatta- nooga October 6th, and on the 23d of Novem- ber participated in the battle of Mission Ridge. After pursuing the enemy to Ring- gold, Ga., it returned to Bridgeport, Ala., thence to Huntsville, where it arrived on the 26th and went into winter quarters. Janu- ary 1, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as vet- erans, and on the 3d of April came home on furlough. May 21st, it reported again for duty at Huntsville and was assigned to the duty of guarding the railroads until the 11th of No- vember, when it was ordered to join Gen. Sherman. It accompanied him in his cele- brated march to the sea, participating in most of the battles and skirmishes of the campaign. It left Raleigh, N. C., and proceeded to Rich- mond, Va., thence to Washington city, where it took part in the grand review on the 24th of May. After the review it was ordered to
Louisville, Ky., where, on the 13th of July, 1865, it was mustered out of the service and sent home. The following statistics are fur- nished of this regiment:
men.
Original aggregate ... 888
Present when re-enlisted
322
Veterans of eight companies (two companies being in- eligible).
272
Arrival at Camp Butler, July 16, 1865, for discharge. 272
miles.
Distance traveled by rail. 2.208
= water ..
1,995
marched. 2,250
Total. 6,453
The Seventy-ninth Illinois Infantry con- tained, we believe, a few men from Crawford County; but no organized force was enlisted here for the regiment. We have no data at hand of the recruits from the county to the Seventy-ninth, or of their service.
The Ninety-eighth Illinois Infantry drew more men, perhaps, from this county, than any other regiment. Two full companies (D and E) may be termed Crawford County companies. Company D was sworn into the service with the following commissioned offi- cers: William Wood, captain; James H. Watts, first lieutenant; and William G. Young, second lientenant. Captain Wood resigned, Dec. 5, 1864, and Second Lieuten- ant Young became captain in his place. Lieutenant Watts resigned February 22, 1863, and David L. Condrey was promoted in his stead, remaining with the regiment to its muster-out. Achilles M. Brown became second lieutenant, and resigned March 22, 1864. Of other promotions, we have no facts.
Company E was organized with the follow- ing officers: John T. Cox, captain; Ira A. Flood, first lieutenant; and Charles Wil- lard, second lieutenant. Captain Cox re- signed April 13, 1863, and Lieutenant Flood was promoted to the vacancy, and on the 15th of June, 1865, he was promoted to major, but mustered out as captain. George B.
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HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
Sweet beeame second lieutenant, was pro- moted to first, and then to captain, but mus- tered out as first lieutenant. John Boes became second lieutenant, and was pro- moted to first lieutenant, and mustered out with the regiment. Second Lieutenant Wil- lard resigned March 20, 1863; J. W. Jones was promoted to second lieutenant, but mus- tered out as sergeant.
The Ninety-eighth * was organized at Cen- tralia, Ill., and was mustered into the United States service September 3, 1862, and on the Sth it started for Louisville, Ky., then threatened by Gen. Bragg. It was embarked on two railroad trains, and when near Bridge- port, Ill., the foremost train was thrown from the track by a displaced switch and five men killed, among whom was Captain O. L. Kel- ly of Company K, while some 75 others were injured, several of whom afterward died. Arriving at Louisville, it was brigaded with the Seventy-second and Seventy-fifth In- diana Infantry, and the Thirteenth Indiana Battery, Col. A. O. Miller of the Seventy- second Indiana, commanding. The regi- ment, with its brigade, served in Kentucky until in November, when it marched into Tennessee. From Gallatin it moved to Cas- tilian Springs, and on the 14th of December, to Bledsoe Creek. December 26th it began the march northward in pursuit of Gen. Mor- gan, arriving at Glasgow on the 31st; and on the 2d of January, 1863, it moved to Cave City, and from thence to Nashville on the 5th; then to Murfreesboro where, on the 14th, it was assigned to the First Brigade, Fifth Division, Fourteenth Army Corps. On the 8th of March, the regiment was ordered to be mounted, and served in Tennessee where it
did active duty in scouting, guarding for- age trains, ete., until the Chattanooga cam- paign, in which it participated. On the 20th of September, at Chattanooga, Col. Funk- houser of the Ninety-eighth, was severely wounded, and the command of the regiment devolved on Lieutenant-Colonel Kitehell. The regiment lost in the battle five men killed and thirty-six woun led. It continued to operate in Tennessee, engaged in scout- ing and skirmishing, until the campaign in Georgia, when it was assigned to the Second Cavalry Division, commanded by Gen. Crook, and took an active part at Ringgold, Buzzard Roost, Dallas, Marietta, Rough-and-Ready, and other places familiar to the Army of the Cumberland, the Ohio, and Tennessee. On the 1st of November, 1864, the Regiment turned over its horses and equipments to Kil- patrick, and moved via Chattanooga and Nashville to Louisville, where it arrived on the 16th, and lay in camp for some time, wait- ing to be equipped anew. Taking the war- path again, it, on the 31st of December moved to Elizabethtown, Ky., thence to Mumford- ville, Bowling Green, and finally to Nashville. January 12, 1865, the command moved into Alabama, remaining at Gravelly Springs un- til March 8th, when it moved to Waterloo, and on the 31st, to Montevallo, and April 2d took part in the capture of Selma. This was the last severe duty of the Ninety-eighth, as on the 20th of April they were detailed as provost guard of Macon, Ga. May 22d it started for Chattanooga, and from thence to Nashville, where it arrived on the 15th, and June 27, 1865, it was mustered out of the service and ordered to Springfield, Ill., for final discharge.
The One Hundred and Thirty-f.fth Infantry, ealled into service for 100 days, had one com- pany recruited mostly in Crawford County. Company II was commanded by Capt. James B. Wicklin, with Philip Brown as first lieu
* The sketch of the Ninety-eighth given herewith is compiled from a history of the regiment written by Adjntant Aden Knoph, and published in the Ar- gus in September, 1882.
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HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
tenant and A. D. Otey, second lieutenant. We have no record of its operations during its term of service.
The One Hundred and Fifty-second In- fantry recruited under the call for " one year service," contained a Crawford County com- pany. Company HI went into the field in charge of the following commissioned officers: George W. Beam, captain; William Dyer, first lieutenant; Ferdinand Hughes, second lieutenant.
The One Hundred and Fifty-second was recruited for one year, and was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, February 18, 1865. It went to Nashville, and thence to Tullahoma. It was mustered out of the service September 11, 1865, at Camp Butler.
The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Infantry drew a company from Crawford County. Company C was principally from this county, and had the following commissioned officers: John W. Lowber, captain; Ross Neeley, first lieutenant, and Marshall C. Wood, second lieutenant.
This regiment was organized at Camp But- ler, Illinois, February 28, 1865, for one year. March 2d, the regiment, 904 strong, proceeded via Louisville and Nashville to Tullahoma, where it was employed mostly in guard duty on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad. September 4, 1865, it was mustered out of the service at Camp Butler and discharged.
The Fifth Illinois Cavalry contained a Crawford County company of men. Com- pany F was principally from this county, and was officered as follows: Horace P. Mum- ford, captain; Francis M. Dorothy, first lieu- tenant, and Wm. Wagenseller, second lieu- tenant. Capt. Mumford was promoted to major of the regiment May 24, 1863, and died October 26, 1864, at Springfield, Ill. Lieut. Dorothy resigned January 10, 1863; Lieut. Wagenseller was promoted to first lieutenant January 10, 1863, and to captain May 24,
1863, and then resigned. Thos. J. Dean be- came seeond lieutenant, was promoted to first lieutenant May 24, 1863, to captain July 5, 1864, and died on the 20th of September fol- lowing. James H. Wood became second lieutenant May 24, 1863, was promoted to first lieutenant July 5, 1864, to captain Sep- tember 20, 1864, and was mustered out with the regiment at the close of the war. Edwin P. Martin was promoted to second lieutenant, then became adjutant and afterward resigned. Jacob Stifal was made first lieutenant, and remained in the service until the muster out of the regiment; James G. Bennett was pro- moted to second lieutenant October 26, 1865, but mustered out as sergeant.
Of the field and staff, Major Mumford, Adjutant Martin, Quartermaster Robert C. Wilson, and Surgeon Wm. Watts, were Crawford County men. Adjutant Martin re- signed, Quartermaster Wilson was mustered out of the service. Dr. Watts entered as assistant surgeon, was promoted to surgeon, and was mustered out October 27, 1865, with the regiment.
Maj. Mumford died in the latter part of 1864. The following tribute to his gallantry as a soldier and officer, was paid him by Gen. Dennis, in a letter to Hon. Jesse K. Dubois: '. This will be handed you by Maj. Mumford, Fifth Illinois Cavalry Volunteers. The Major has been in my command for the last four months, and the greater portion in command of his regiment. In the expedition from Vicksburg, the Major had command of the entire cavalry forces, composed of parts of four regiments. When I say that he handled his command as well, and did better fighting than any cavalry officer I have met with in Mississippi, it will be indorsed by all the old officers who were with the late raids. Maj .- Gen. Slocum was so well please 1 and satis- fied with him and the good discipline of his men, that he continued him in command, not
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HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
withstanding his superiors were present with the expedition."
The Fifth Cavalry was organized at Camp Butler in November, 1861, with Hall Wilson, colonel. It served in Missouri and Arkansas until the 29th of May, 1863, when it embarked for Vicksburg. After the fall of that rebel stronghold, it accompanied Gen. Sherman's army toward Jackson, and was engaged in several skirmishes with the enemy in which it sustained some loss. It was on active duty in Mississippi until January 1, 1864, when many of its men re-enlisted as veterans, and on the 17th of March, the veterans were furloughed. May 27th, Col. McConnell took command, when eight companies were dismounted, and Companies A, B, C and D, were fully armed and equipped. This battalion of cavalry con- tinued to serve in Mississippi, and was actively engaged most of the time in raiding and scouting. January 24, 1865, the battalion moved to Memphis, and thence on an expedi- tion to Southern Arkansas and Louisiana, re- turning February 13th. On the 1st of July, it was ordered to Texas. It served in Texas until October 6th, when it was sent home to Springfield, Ill., and on the 27th, was mus- tered out of the service, paid off and dis- charged.
This completes the sketch of Illinois regi- ments in which Crawford County was repre- sented. Many men, however, enlisted in other States, particularly in Missouri and In- diana. Several Missouri regiments contained a large number of Crawford County men, but how many, we have no accurate means of knowing.
During the four years of the war, the county kept up her enlistments, equal to almost any other county in the State. There was but one draft, and that was for a few men only. The deficiency was thus apportioned among the different precincts: Hutsonville, 10; Robinson, 5; Watts, 19; Lieking, 16; Mar-
tin, none; Franklin, 33; Embarras, 11; North- west, 8; Montgomery, 21; Oblong, 6; Pales- tine, 14, and Southwest, 3. Before the date fixed for the draft, some of the precinets had filled their quotas, and others had decreased the deficiency, so that when it actually took place, it was as follows: Franklin, 16; Watts, 8; Licking, 8; Hutsonville, 1; Oblong, 3; Northwest, 4; Montgomery, 10; with a like number of " reserves " from each of the drafted precinets. The Argus published the following, as the full quota of the county by preeinets, un- der the] different calls, including the last two in 1864, which two alone aggregated 500,000 men: Hutsonville, quota 176-eredit, 166; Robinson, quota 198-credit, 193; Watts, quota, 67-credit, 48; Licking, quota 72- credit, 56; Martin, quota 69 -- credit, 69; Franklin, quota 144-credit, 111; Embarras, quota 55-credit, 44; Northwest, quota 59- credit, 51; Montgomery, quota 86-credit, 65; Oblong, quota 55-credit, 49; Palestine, quota 148 - credit, 133; Southwest, quota 20- credit, 17; total quota, 1,149; total credits, 1,' 03; deficiency, 146. Another draft was ordered later on, to fill up the quota on a last call, but before the appointed day canie, more welcome news was flashed over the wires, viz .: the fall of Richmond, the surrender of Gen. Lee, and the armies of the Confederacy. The draft was declared "off;" the war was over, the country was saved, and the troops were coming home. The saddest part of the home- coming, was in the many vacancies in the broken ranks-the absence of "those who came not back." A little poem dedicated to the "Illinois dead," and published in the initiatory number of the Argus, is appropriate:
"Oh, sing the funeral roundelay, Let warmest tears be shed, And rear the mighty monuments For the Illinois dead.
" On many a field of victory
They slumber in their gore,
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HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
They rest beneath the shining sands On ocean's sonnding shore.
" Where from Virginia's mountain chains, By Rappahannock's side, Upon the Heights of Maryland Her gallant sons have died.
"The broken woods of Tennessee, Are hallowed by their blood, It consecrates Missouri's plains, And Mississippi's flood,
" Kentucky's ' dark and bloody ground, Is furrowed by their graves; They sleep in Alabama's soil, By Pamlico's dark waves.
" And Mississippi's poison swamps, Arkansas river ways, And Pennsylvania's pleasant towns Attest our heroes praise.
"They saw them in the ranks of war, Oh. memory dark with woe! They saw them yield to death, who ne'er Had yielded to the foe.
" Then weave the chaplets fair and well To grace each noble name, That grateful Illmois writes Upon the scroll of fame.
' Her sons have led the battle's van, Where many fought and fell, With all the noble Gracchi's zeal, The hero faith of Tell."
We can not close this chapter more appropri- ately, than to devote a few words to the noble women of the land, whose zeal and patriotism were as strong as those who bore the brunt of the battle. They could not shoulder their guns and march in the ranks, but they were not idle spectators of the struggle. How often was the soldier's heart encouraged; how often his right arm made stronger to strike for freedom by the cheering words of patriotic, hopeful women! And how often the poor lad whom disease had fastened, was made to thank devoted women for their ceaseless and un-
wearied exertions in collecting and sending stores for the comfort of the sick and wounded. We may boast of the fame and prowess of a Grant, a Sherman, a Lee, a Sheridan, but the devotion of those noble women surpasses them all, and truly, the world sustains its heaviest loss when such spirits fall. A war correspond- ent paid them the following merited tribute: " While soldiers of every grade and color are receiving eulogies and encomiums of a grate- ful people, patient, forbearing WOMAN is for- gotten. The scar-worn veteran is welcomed with honor to home. The recruit, the colored soldier, and even the hundred days' men re- ceive the plaudits of the nation. But not one word is said of that patriotic, widowed mother, who sent with a mother's blessing on his head, her only son, the staff and support of her de- clining years, to battle for his country. The press says not one word of the patriotism, the sacrifices of the wife, sister or daughter, who with streaming eyes, and almost broken heart, said to husbands, brothers, fathers, “ much as we love you, we can not bid you stay with us when our country needs you; nay, we bid you go, and wipe out the insult offered the star- spangled banner, and preserve unsullied this union of States."
Brave and noble, self-sacrificing women! your deeds deserve to be written in letters of shining gold. Love and devotion to the un- fortunate and heart-felt pity for the woes of suffering humanity are among your brightest characteristics. Your kindly smiles of sym- pathy break through the clouds of misfortune, and your gentlest tones are breathed amid the sighs of suffering and sorrow. Your gentle ministrations to the war-worn soldiers, in humble imitation of ITim who taught the sublime lesson about the cup of cold water to the little one, will live as long as the trials and hardships of the war are remembered, and that will be glory enough.
CHAPTER X .*
ROBINSON TOWNSHIP -- DESCRIPTION AND TOPOGRAPHY-GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY-LAND ENTRIES-ADVENT OF THE WHITES-TIME AND PLACE OF SETTLEMENT-EARLY SOCIETY-THE BEGINNING OF AGRICULTURE -PIONEER INDUSTRIES AND IMPROVEMENTS-EARLY MARKETS, ETC., ETC.
"And nature gladly gave them place,
Adopted them into her race."-Emerson.
SOUTHERN Illinois is an offspring of the S "South." Freed from British control in 1778 by a son of Virginia, and passing its early existence under the colonial regime as the county Illinois of the State of Virginia, its first American settlements were founded by emigrants from County Kentucky, and the · parent State. Later, as the territorial posses- sion of the general government, the story of its beautiful plains, its stately woods and its navigable rivers, spread to the contiguous States of North Carolina and Tennessee, and brought from thence a vast influx of popula- tion. The early tide of emigration set toward the region marked by the old French settlements, and reaching out from this point followed the course of the rivers which drew their sources from the northern interior. Thus for some thirty years the eastern side of this fair country was almost ignored, but the military activities involved in the war of 1812 brought many of the hardy citizens of the south in actual contact with the beauties of the " Wabash country," and the years of 1814-15 witnessed a concourse of elamorous immigrants held in abeyance upon the bor- der only by the slow pacification of the Indi- ans who had engaged in the war on the side of the British. Here and there, one more
bold than the rest, reared his rude tabernacle upon this debatable ground and occasion- ally paid the forfeiture of his life for his temerity. But the barrier once removed, the swollen tide spread rapidly over the coveted land, and up sprang as though by magie, the log cabins, the teeming harvests, the inill, the church, the school-house, and all the " busy hum " of pioneer activity. Such in brief is the history of Crawford County.
The division of the County to which our attention is now directed, is the outgrowth of a later development. As settlements increased, precincts were formed which were after- ward subdivided, and in 1868 the present township organization was effected. Under the original division this township formed the central part of LaMotte Precinct, and on the removal of the county seat from Palestine, this became Robinson Precinct, in honor of J. M. Robinson, a leading attorney and promi- nent citizen of Carmi. The township thus designated includes thirty sections of town ? north, range 12 west, of the government sur- vey, eighteen sections of town 6 north, same range, sections 1, 12, and 13 of town 6 north, range 13 west, and sections 12, 13, 24, 25 and 36, of town 7 north, same range, a total of fifty-six sections. The original character of the country ineluded within these limits was part, " barrens " and part true prairie. These were irregularly distributed, the latter gener- ally proving to be low levels when the con-
* By J. H. Battle.
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HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
centrated moisture prevented the growth of the timber of this region. The whole surface, however, was such as to afford but little ob- staele to the progress of the regular fall fires, and only here and there a good sized tree stood out upon the blackened plain as evi- dence that the whole land had not been van- quished by the fiery onslaught. But the first settlers found further evidence of the char- aeter of the land, in the roots or "grubs" which still remained in the ground, and it seemed an aggravation of the usual hardships of pioneer experience that the condition of the prairie land forced the new-comer to se- lect the poorer land. The natural drainage of the township is toward the east, south and west from the central part. Sugar Creek received two small affluents from the western side; Honey Creek takes its rise a short dis- tance to the south of the village, and an arm of Big Creek drains the eastern side. The soil is a strong yellow elay, which has been the chief resource of the community settled here. Since the early years of the settlement but little attention has been paid to stock raising, save perhaps in the case of hogs, and a system of mixed husbandry in which the cultivation of corn and wheat has been prom- inent, has prevailed.
The settlement of Robinson township was not the result of that orderly succession of immigrants often observed, but checked at the Palestine fort, for a year or two the immi- gration gathered such members that when once the fear of Indian hostility was removed, the cooped-up settlers spread simultaneously in all parts of the country. A list of the early entries of land will give some notion of the early comers to the country and their choice of lands, though they did not all settle upon the lands they entered. The entries in town 7 north, range 12 west, were on section 9, Jesse Page and Harmon Gregg, in 1817; on section 10, James Newlin and John Hill, in
1818; on section 11, Thomas Newlin, Thomas Young and Nathan Mars, in 1818; on section 12, Joshua Barbee, in 1818, and Enoch Wil- hoit in 1820; on seetion 13, William Dunlap and William Everman, in 1818; on section 15, James J. Nelson, in 1818; on section 17, Armstead Bennett, in 1818; on section 22, W. T. Barry, in 1818, and in the previous year on seetion 27; on section 23, Wilson Lagow, in 1817, and William Nelson, in 1818; on section 24, William Mitchell, in 1818, and William Barbee in 1817; on section 25, John Mars and William Mitchell, in 1817. In town 6 north, range 13 west, entries were made by Charles Dawson, in 1818, and Jona- than and John Wood, in 1819, on section 1; and by Richard Easton, on section 3, in 1818. In town " north, range 13 west, on section 11, Wilson Lagow made entry in 1817, and Ithra Brashears, in 1818; on sec- tion 12, Lagow made an entry in 1817, and in the following year, Lewis Little and Barnett Starr, made entries of land. A number of these entries were made for speculative pur- poses; other entries were subsequently relin- quished for a consideration or of necessity, and a number of persons came here who stayed for a few years and moved away without making any attempt to secure a title to land or staying here permanently, entered land much later, so that so far as forming any judgment of the actual settlement of Robin- son, these entries afford but little data.
Among the earliest of the settlers in this township was the Newlin family. The flat- tering reports of the character of the Wabash Valley had reached North Carolina, and leaving his native State, Nathaniel Newlin went to Tennessee, where his brothers, John and Eli, had settled, to urge them toward the new land of promise. He was so success- ful that in 1817 the three brothers moved to the "Beech Woods" in Indiana. Nathaniel was not then married, but the trip to this
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HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY.
region satisfied him that this was the country to live in, and in the fall he returned to bring out his father, John Newlin, Sr. In the fol- lowing spring he returned to the valley, but his brother not liking their location, he de- termined to try the west side of the river, and eventually fixed upon a site on section 10, towe 7 north, 12 west. In the same spring, the boys, John and Eli, left their place on the Indiana side and came to Robinson. When the older Newlin came, his son Thomas was prepared to move at the same time, but his wife being sick he was obliged to remain. During the summer Nathaniel returned to North Carolina, married a lady and assisted his brother, Thomas, to get his goods togeth- er for removal. The latter's wife had so far recovered as to attempt the journey. The family consisted of the sick wife, his sister, and five children, with Nathaniel and his bride. With these stowed away in such space as the honschold effects left in a large Vir- ginia land schooner, the journey was begun, the men walking most of the way or riding a spare horse which was the marriage portion of the bride. Quite a number of families started in company for the new country, con- tinning together across a corner of Virginia to Crab Orchard, Kentucky, where the rest took the right hand road which led toward Indiana, thus parting company. While pass- ing through Virginia, Mrs. Newlin grew worse, and finally died, the sorrowing family being compelled to bury her there among strangers. On reaching this country, they found shelter in the cabin of John Newlin, Sr., who very soon afterward took up his home in a new but smaller cabin which was at once constructed.
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