USA > Illinois > Fayette County > History of Fayette County, Illinois > Part 14
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The ferruginous sandstone previously spoken of under the head of " Drift," may sometimes be considered an iron ore. It is abundant near Vandalia, and is also found near Greenland, and at Wm Porter's, on Little Hickory.
Building Rock: - There is a good sandstone quarry near Ramsey creek, two miles below the railroad. On the same creek is found the Syntrilasma limestone, but it will not withstand the action of frost; however it is used duite extensively in the building of the railroad abutments. The Bluff limestone on Beck's creek would probably make very good Jime. Sandstone and lime- stone were found in many parts of the county.
Copper :- Several lumps of native copper have been found in the county.
ANTIQUITIES.
There are quite a number of ancient mounds in this county : a few near Vandalia, some on Hurricane Creek, and some near Ramsey. Several of these mounds have been explored by Dr. G. W. Bassett, and many valuable and interesting relics discovered; in fact he has one of the finest private collections of Geological specimens in Central IlInois.
His specimens of the various minerals of the county, and his relics of the ancient mound builders are most interesting.
A company was organized in Vandalia, for the purpose of mining coal. They caused a shaft to be sunk to the depth of 377 feet 3 inches, and a bor- ing from the bottom of the shaft, to a total depth of about 574 feet. This shaft and boring reaches a depth of 574 feet without finding coal of suffi- cient thickness to compensate for working.
INDIAN RELICS AND SPECIMENS OF MINERAL.
Dr. Geo. W. Bassett, of Vandalia, has a large cabinet of Indian antiquities, collected in various parts of the county, consisting of implements of war, husbandry and the household. Some of them displaying considerable in- genuity and artistic taste. Most of the specimens were discovered at differ- ent times by Dr. Bassett, in the mounds, of which there are a great many in the county. Among them is a stone mortar, nine inches in diameter and seven inches high, of sandstone, and a number of others of smaller dimen- sions with pestles made of gray and blue hornblendes; shoal plates, stone pipes and arrow-heads of every size-some with hieroglyphics; pottery of different shapes and kinds, together making one of the finest collections in the state.
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MINERALS.
In this collection are several species of minerals, not generally known to exist in the county. The most noticeable is a mass of nearly pure copper weighing fourteen pounds, found in the drift on Hickory Creek. Silver, Iron and Lead have also been found in the drifts along the creeks. The cabinet has many interesting Fossiliferous remains, and crystalizations, and specimens of the cereals of. the county.
CHAPTER XX.
FAYETTE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
IN a purely agricultural county such as Fayette, perhaps nothing is more conducive to the harmony, good feeling, and welfare of the community generally than the Annual County Fair. The formation of an Agricultural Society, the members of which are chosen from amongst the most intelligent producers, is generally a great success, and when their operations are carried out in a business-like manner must be an immense benefit to all concerned, directly and indirectly ; such at least is the result from this institution in Fayette County.
The unfavorable circumstances under which the Fayette County Agricul- tural Society was started, made the enterprise an up-hill business for some years, but it is now an undoubted success.
In 1857, at which time the county was but sparsely settled, about
ten or twelve of the most enterprising of its citizens met and organized a society, and in the following year the first fair was held, which was considered quite a success, in a pecuniary point of view, the proceeds more than paying all the expenses incurred. The Board was stimu- lated to the encouragement of immediately buying lands upon which to hold a similar meeting annually, and securing a twelve-acre lot just north of the city of Vandalia well adapted to the purpose, being beautifully located and well shaded with forest trees, retain occupation of the same to the present time.
The third fair was held in 1859, at which time the farmers and stock- raisers in the county saw the advantages, if not the necessities, of buying a better class of stock, and this date marks the epoch of a new life in the county, and unquestionably the Fayette County Agricultural Board are entitled to the credit. The principal officers elected to carry out the arrangements of the Association when first organized were Henry F. Jerauld, President; G. L. Jackson, Secretary ; and C. A. Sonnemann, Treasurer.
The fourth fair was held in 1863, a lapse of four years having occurred, and in the meantime rapid strides had been made. The county had in- creased in population considerably, its fruit and wheat growing regions extensively developed, its stock of every description vastly improved. Mer- chants, mechanics, and manufacturers gave the exhibition the benefit of their various enterprises, the amount of premiums was increased, and, what is very important, paid. The result of this was to bring exhibitors from adjoining counties and even distant parts of the State. Since 1863 the fair has been an annual one, showing a marked success in each 'succeeding year, and as the resources of the county became more fully developed, and the products of its rich, sandy, alluvial, loamy soil brought to a greater state of perfection, there is no doubt of the exhibits at this fair becoming equal to any of its size in the State. The convenient position of the grounds, being within the city limits, is a great advantage to all. Its buildings are well arranged, good and substantial, and comprise amongst its well-considered arrangements a Floral and Art Gallery, and an excellent quarter-mile track in good condition, wherein the qualities of the racing stock can be shown to perfection. The citizens of Fayette County generally, are yearly becoming more interested in the welfare of its annual exhibit, and the members of the society anticipate next year a great increase in their capacity and receipts. The present officers (1878) are James E. Foster, President; Daniel M. Clark, Secretary ; and Fred. Remann, Treasurer.
MANUFACTURING STATISTICS OF FAYETTE COUNTY, 1870.
ESTABLISH-
MENTS.
HANDS
EMPLOYED.
CAPITAL.
WAGONS.
MATERIAL ..
PRODUCTS.
Carriages and Wagons.
11
28
$7,450
$4,100
$4,795
$19,175
Cooperage
7
10
1.800
1,000
3,835
10,825
Flouring-mill Products
10
35
77,900
14,325
193,295
278,240
Furniture ...
4
9
4,500.
2,400 |
4,980
11,691
Lumber, (snwed).
20
50, 00
18,850 |
75,547
116.627
Masonry, (brick and stone).
2
9
1,200
1,500
10,655
19,000
Saddlery and Harness
3
6
2,800
1,400
5,375
10.025
ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAIL ROAD LANDS, OF FAYETTE COUNTY.
"The Illinois Central Railroad Company offer for sale 300,000 acres of good farming and fruit lands, along the line of its road. The country is well settled, having the roads, bridges, churches, school-houses, and public buildings necessary for the accommodation of the public, nearly all built. If you go to the frontier you will have to pay heavy taxes for these improve- ments, and wait a long time before you get the benefit of them."
About (30,000) thirty thousand acres of these lands are situated in Fayette County, along the line of the road. Those lands lying along the river and creek bottoms, are among the most fertile lands in the state, and some of it heavily timbered, and well adapted to the growth of wheat, rye, oats, corn, barley, castor beans, tobacco, and all the varieties of grasses are a sure crop. Fruit-growing is very remunerative, as crops very rarely fail. Two and sometimes three daily trains are employed carrying the immense fruit and berry crop from Southern Illinois to the eastern and Northern markets ; besides, large quantities of these fruits and berries are dried for winter use and command good prices.
The climate is mild and healthful.
THE TITLE TO THESE LANDS IS PERFECT.
We would suggest that a number of families who desire to change their location, club together and send one or two of their number in whose judg- ment they have the most implicit confidence, to visit and examine these lands. In this way it will cost each but a small amount. To such explor- ing agents the company will furnish free railroad transportation from Chicago to the lands and return.
They also sell half-rate tickets over their road to all persons applying for lands, from Chicago to the lands and return if desired, and the amount. paid for such a ticket will be applied as part payment if they purchase land of the company. After lands are purchased of the company by any one, they will issue half-rate tickets over their road from Chicago to the nearest point to the lands, to the family of any purchaser.
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HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
PRICES AND TERMS.
The prices vary from $5 to $10 per acre on credit, and ten per cent. is deducted for all cash.
The terms are one quarter cash with only six per cent. interest in advance for one year on the residue, and the balance payable in one, two and three years, equal installments, with the same rate of interest in advance on the part remaining unpaid.
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TO THE EMIGRANT.
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These lands offer fine facilities for the farmer, stock raiser, and fruit-grower; their close proximity to good markets, such as Chicago, Toledo, St. Louis, Cincinnati, also in direct communication with Cairo, Memphis and New Orleans, by river and rail, the natural channel for the trade of the West; the rapid development of the country surrounding offer excellent opportunities for men desirous of engaging in trade. New towns along the line of this road are springing up and the older towns rapidly improving.
The management of the road, ever desirous of assisting emigration, offer extra inducements to the new comers. The road is one of the most sub- stantial in the state, and its immense traffic cannot fail to develop the value of the lands adjacent.
The freight charges bear favorable comparison with any other roads in the state. This road runs through the center of one of the finest agricultural states of the Union, and fine lands for farming purposes can be secured at as little cost, as those in the wilds of Kansas or Nebraska.
Good schools and churches of every denomination, are established in all the towns and county districts.
D. B. Paine, of Pana, Illinois, is General Agent of the I. C. R. R. lands, and has been for about twelve years. His long connection with this com- pany will attest the honorable character of his dealings. His representations of these lands to the purchasers can be relied upon.
Further particular, maps, etc., can be obtained by addressing
P. DAGGY, Land Commissioner. I. C. R. R. Co., Office Room 11, No. 78 Michigan Ave., Chicago, Il.
CHAPTER XXI.
FLORA.
" Ye wild flowers ! the gardens eclipse you, 'tis true; Yet, wildings of Nature, I dote upon you ; For ye waft me to summer of old, When the earth teem'd around me with fairy delight, And when daisies and buttercups gladden'd my sight, Like treasures of silver and gold."
"The tim'rous maiden blossoms on each bough, Peep'd forth from their first blushes ; so that now A thousand ruddy hopes smiled on each bud, And flatter'd ev'ry greedy eye that stood."
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"God might have bade the earth bring forth Enough for great and small,
The oak-tree and the cedar-tree, Without a flower at all :
He might have made enongh-enough For every want of ours,
For luxury, medicine, and toil, And yet have made no flowers."
" Where opening rosen breathing sweets diffuse, And soft carnations shower their balmy dews, Where lilies smile in virgin robes of white, The thin undresa of superficial light ; And varied tulips show wo dazzling gay, Blushing in bright diversities of day."
" A fairer red stands blushing in the rose Than that which on the bridegroom's vestment flows ; Take but the hunblest lily of the field, And, if our pride will to our renson yield,
It must by sure comparison, be shown That on the regal seat great David's son, Array'd in all his robes and types of pow'r, Shines with less glory than that simple flow'r."
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HEN we gaze out over a landscape, the eye is pleased with its chequered beauty and loveliness; here and there are bright flowers, clinging vines, green verdured hill and dale: majestic forest-trees, whose towering heads have withstood the blasts and storms of many winters,-these were created not only to please the eye and beautify the world, but the cereals and grasses were made to furnish food for man and beasts. Our article will particularly treat of the more valuable woods utilized in the mechanic arts, and the grasses, plants, vegetables, and fiowers most beneficial to man, and particularly those which are catives of the county. Many species of the native vegetable kingdom
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have fled ; the Buffalo grass, which only grew on parts of the prairies, and almost wholly the large pampas grass, have given place to blue-grass, which, in places where domestic cattle feed, is rapidly and quietly displacing all others. The plants are many and rare, some for beauty and some for medicine. The pink-root, the columbo, the ginseng, the boneset, penny - royal, and others are used as herbs for medicine. Plants of beauty are the phlox, the lily, the asclepias, the mints, golden rod, the eye-bright gerardia, and hundreds more which adorn the meadows and brook-sides; besides are climbing vines, the trumpet creeper, the bitter sweet, the woodbine, the cle- matis, and the grape, which fill the woods with gay festoons, and add grace to many a decaying monarch of the forest. The trees and grasses, one so lordly and permanent, the other so humble and transient, are the true glories of the county. The oak, with at least its twenty varieties; the hickory, with as many more species ; the thirty kinds of elm, from the sort which bear leaves as large as a man's hand, to the kind which bear a leaf scarcely larger than a man's thumb-nail; the black walnut, so tall and straight ; the hack- berry ; gum tree, black and sweet; the pecan ; the tulip; the giant cotton- woods, and hundreds more attest the fertility of the soil and mildness of the climate, while the blue-grass in its ten varieties, the timothy and red-top, with clover so abundant in succulence, affords excellent pasturage, and opens a fine field for the dairyman or stock raiser.
The following is a partial list of the trees and plants of the county :
- Poa pratensis-spear-grass; Poa compressia-blue-grass, common. Scripus pungens-bulrush.
Arisæma triphyllum-Indian turnip; Tyhlatifolia-cat-tail ; Sagittaria variabilis-arrow-head; Cypripedium pubescens-yellow lady's slipper ; Cypripedium candidum-white lady's slipper, common.
Populus angulata-cotton-wood, abundant.
Salix-willow, several varieties.
Alnus serrulata-alder.
Betula-birch; Carpinus Americana-horn-bean, not common.
Corylus Americana-hazel-nut, abundant; Castanea pumils-chinquapin.
Quercus rubra-red oak ; Quercus palustris-water oak, common; Quer- cus tinctoria-black oak ; Quercus nigra-black-jack ; Quercus imbricaris -laurel oak; Quercus prinus-chestnut white oak ; Quercus castanea-yel- low oak, not common; Quercus alba-white oak, common ; Quercus obtusi- loba-post oak, abundant.
Carya glabra-pig-nut hickory ; Quercus macrocarpa-overcup oak, com- mon ; Carya tomentosa-white-heart hickory ; Carya alba-shell-bark hick- ory ; Carya oliveformis-pecan.
Juglans nigra-black walnut, abundant ; Juglans cinerea-butter-nut, not common.
Platanus occidentalis-sycamore.
Cannabis sativa-hemp ; Humulus lupulus-hop, not common.
Ulmus fulva-red elm; Morus rubra-red mulberry ; Urtica dioica- stinging nettle ; Ulmus Americana-white elm, abundant.
Datura stramonium-Jamestown weed; Asclepias cornuti-milk weed ; Fraxinus Americana-white ash ; Fraxinus sambucifolia-black ash ; Phy- tolacca decandra-poke weed ; Amarantus hybridus-pig weed ; Rumex crispus-sour dock ; Sassafras officinale-sassafras ; Benzoin odoriferous- fever bush ; Marrubium vulgare-hoarhound; Solanum nigrum-night- shade; Physalis viscosa-ground cherry ; Monarda didyma-borsemint ; Nepeta cataria-catnip ; Hedeoma pulegioides-pennyroyal ; Diospyros vir- giniana-persimmon ; Plantago major-plantain; Verbascum thapsus-mul- Tein, common ; Cirsium lanceolatum-common thistle; Lappa mejor-Bur- dock ; Taraxacum densleonis-dandelion, common, introduced during the last forty years.
Erecthites bieracifolia-fire weed; Ambrosia artemisisfolia-rag weed : Xanthium strumarium-cockle bur; Bidens bipinnata-Spanish needle; Bidens chrysanthemoides-beggar ticks ; Manta cotula-May weed ; Leucan- themum vulgare-ox.eye daisy, common.
Eupatorium perfoliatum-thoroughwort, not common ; Cornus Florida- dogwood; Sambucus Canadensis-elder, very common ; Ribes cynosbati- wild gooseberry ; Pyrus coronana-wild crab, abundant.
Crategus, several species; Rosa setigera-climbing rose ; Rubus lucids- dwarf wild rose; Rubus villosus-blackberry, abundant.
Asimins triloba-papaw, quite abundant along the creek bottoms; Nelum- bium luteum-May apple, abundant in shady places.
Sanguinaria Canadensis, or bloodroot; Lepidium Virginicum-wild pep- per-grass; Portulaca Oleracea, or purslane ; 'Tilia Americana, or linden, not abundant; Zanthoxylum Americanum-prickly ash, scarce; Rhus typhina -umach; Rhus toxicodendron-poison oak; Vitis sestivalis-summer grape, common; Vitis cordifolia-frost grape; Ampelopsis quinquefolia -- Virginia creeper ; AEsculus pavia-buckeye, scarce ; Acer saccharinum- sugar maple ; Acer dasycarpum-white maple; Negundo aceroides-box elder; Baptisia tinctoria-indigo weed, not abundant; Cercis Canadensis- red-bud; Gymnocladus Canadensis-Kentucky coffee-tree; Gleditschia tria- canthos-honey locust : Prunus Americana-red plum; Prunus chicasa- Chickasaw plum ; Prunus ecrotina-wild cherry ; Fragaria Virginiana-wild strawberry ; Rubus occidentalis-black cap raspberry ; Rubus Canadensis --- dewberry, common.
In the above list we have given the scientific as well as the English names, believing such a course to pursue in the study of plants more beneficial to the student or general reader. There may be some plants omitted, yet we think the list quite complete.
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HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
CHAPTER XXII.
FAUNA OF THE COUNTY.
N presenting a list of the animals of the county that existed here prior to and after the advent of the white man, while the list may not be complete, it will, however, be of interest to the student and scientist. Of the ruminating animals that were indigenous to this territory we had the American Elk, (Cervus Canadensis) and still have the deer of two kinds, the more common, the well-known American deer, (Cervus Virginianus) and the White-tailed Deer, (Cervus Leucarus.) The latter still affords amusement and sport for the huuter in the more timbered portions of the county ; and at & period not very remote, the American Buffalo (Bos Americanus) must have found pas- tures near the alluvial and shaded banks of the Kaskaskia and plains and prairies of this portion of the State. The heads, horns and bones of the slain animals were still numerous in 1820. The Black Bear (Ursus Americanus) were quite numerous even in the memory of the "older settlers." Bears have been seen in the county within the last twenty years. The Gray Wolf (Canis Occidentalis) and Prairie Wolf, (Canis latrans) are not unfrequently found, as is also the Gray Fox, (Vulpes Virginianus,) which still exists by its superior cunning. The panther (Felis concolor) was occasionally met with in the ear- lier times, and still later and more common, the Wild Cat, (Lynx rufus.) The Weasel,one or more species; the Mink (Putorius Vison) ; American Otter, ( Lutra Canadensis); the Skunk, (Mephitis Mephitica) ; the Badger, (Taxidea Americana); the Raccoon, (Procyon Lotor); The Opossumn, (Didelphys Vir- giniana). The two latter species of animals are met with in every portion of the United States and the greater part of North America. The coon-skin among the early settlers was regarded as a legal tender. The Bear and Otter are probably now extinct in the county, and were valuable for their furs. Of the Squirrel family we have the Fox. Gray, Flying, Ground and Prairie Squirrel, (Scirus Ludovicanus, Carolinensis, Volucella, Striatus and Spermaphilus. ) The Woodchuck, (Arctomys Monax) and the Beaver, (Castor Canadensis) ; the common Musk Rat. (Fiber Zibethicus.) The Bats, Shrews and Moles are common. Of the Murida we have the introduced species of Rats and Mice, as also the native Meadow Mouse, and the Long- tailed Jumping Mouse, (Meriones Labradorus) frequently met with in the clearings. Of the Hares, the (Lupus Sylvaticus) the so-called Rabbit, is very plentiful. Several species of the native animals have perished, being unable to endure the presence of civilization, or finding the food congenial to their tastes appropriated by stronger races. Many of the pleasures, dan- gers and excitements of the chase are only known and enjoyed by most of us of the present day through the talk and traditions of the past. The Buffalo and the Elk have passed the borders of the Mississippi to the westward, never more to return.
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Of the Fish, the most common are the Cat, Bass and the Sun-fish. The Perch, Pike and Buffalo are also occasionally met with. The common Carp Chub are numerous ; the Bass is a game fish, and affords fine sport.
Of Birds may be mentioned the following : *
Among the Game Birds most sought after are the Meleagris Gallopavo, (Wild Turkey ) and Cupidonia Cupido, (Prairie Hen) which afford excellent sport for the hunter, and are quite plentiful. The Gray Eagle is also found where it builds its ærie in the tall forest trees which skirt the banks of the Kaskaskia. (The writer of this article saw a splendid specimen of the Gray Eagle which was captured in the woods a few miles from Vandalia, a few months since. ) Pinnated Grouse, (Bonasa Umbellus) ; Ruffled Grouse and Ortyx Virgininanus Qua.], (Philohela Minor) ; Woodcock, (Gallinago Wil- sonii) ; English Boipe. (Macrorhamphus Griseus) ; Red-breasted Snipe, (Gam. betta Melanoleuca) ; Telltale Snipe, (Gambetta Flavipes) ; Yellow-Legs, (Li- mosa Fedoa) ; Marbled Godwit, (Scolofax Fedos, Wilson) ; Numenius Longirastris, (Long-billed Curlew); Numenius Hudsonicus, (Short-billed Curlew); Rallus Virginianus, (Virginia Rail ); Cygnus Americanus, (American Swan) ; Cygnus Buccinator, (Trumpeter Swan); Anser Hyperbo- reus, (Snow Goose) ; Bermicala Canadensis, (Canada Goose); Bermicala Brenta (Brant); Anas Boschas (Mallard); Anas Obscura, (Black Duck ); Dafila Acuta, (Pintail Duck ); Nettion Carolinensis, (Green-winged Teel); Querque- dela discors, (Blue-winged Teel); Spatula Clypeata, (Shoveler); Mareca Americana, (American Widgeon); Aix Sponsa, (Summer, or Wood Duck); Aythaya Americana (Red-head Duck); Aythaya Vallisneria, (Canvass-back Duck ); Bucephala Albeola (Butter Ball) ; Lophodytes Cucculatus, (Hooded Merganser); (Pelecanus erythrorhynchus), Rough-billed Pelican ; (Colymbus torquatus), The Loon ; ( Aegialitis vociferus), Killdeer Plover ; Ball Head, Yellow-legged and upland Plover; (Tantalus loculator), Wild Ibis, very rare-
* In the preceding mention of animals both the scientific and common names are generally given for the convenience of the reader.
ly visit this locality. (Herodus egretta), White Heron ; (Ardea Herodias), Great Blue Heron ; (Botaurus lentizinosus). Bittern ; (Grus Canadensis), Sand Hill Crane; (Ectopistes migratoria), Wild Pigeon; Zenaidura Caroli- nensis), Common Dove; (Corvus caruivorus), American Raven ; (Corvus Americanus), Common Crow; (Cyanurus cristatus), Blue Jay ; (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), Bobo'link; (Agelaius phonicanus), Red-winged Black Bird; (Stu- rella magna), Meadow Lark ; (Icterus Baltimore), Golden Oriole ; (Chrysom- etris tristis), Yellow Bird ; (Junco hyemalis), Snow Bird, (Spizella Socialis), Chipping Sparrow ; (Spizella pusilla), Field Sparrow ; (Melospiza palustris), Swamp Sparrow; (Cyanospiza cyanea), Indigo Bird ; (Cardinalis Virgin- ianus), Cardinal Red Bird ; Pipilo erythrophthalmus), Cheewink ; (Sitta Carolinensis), White-bellied Nuthatch ; (Mimus polyglottus), Mocking Bird; (Minus Carolinensis), Cat Bird ; (Harphorhynchus rufus), Brown Thrush ; (Troglodytes sedon), House Wren ; (Hirundo horreorum), Barn Swallow; (Cotyle riparia). Bank Swallow; (Progne purpurea). Blue Martin ; Am- pellis cedrorum), Cedar Bird ; Pvrangra rubra), Scarlet Tanager ; (Pyrangra astiva), Summer Red Bird ; (Tardus migratorus), Robin, came less than forty years ago. (Sialia Sialis), Blue Bird; (Tyrannus Carolinensis), King Bird; (Sayornis fuscus), Pewee ; (Ceryle alcyon), Belted Kingfisher ; (An- trostomus vociferus), Whippoorwill; (Chardeiles popetue), Night Hawk ; (Chaetura pelasgia). Cuimney Swallow ; (Trochilus colubris), Ruby-throated Humming Bird ; (Picus villosus), Hairy Woodpecker ; (Picus pubescens), Downy Woodpecker ; (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), Red-headed Woodpock- er; (Colaptes auratus), Golden-winged Woodpecker ; (Conurus Carolinensis), Carolina Parrot; (Bubo Virginianus), Great Horned Owl; (Syrnium nebu- losum), Barred Owl; (Nyctea nivea), Snowy Owl; (Cathartes aura), Tur- key Buzzard; Falco columbarium), Pigeon Hawk ; (Nauclerus furcatus), Swallow-tailed Hawk; (Icteria Mississippiensis) Mississippi Kite; (Buteo borealis), Red-tailed Hawk ; (Haliatus leucocephalus), Bald Eagle ; (Falco fulvius), Ring-tailed Eagle.
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