History of Greene and Jersey Counties, Illinois : together with sketches of the towns, villages and townships, educational, civil, military, and political history; portraits of prominent individuals, and biographies of representative men, History of Illinois, Part 97

Author:
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: Springfield, Ill. : Continental Historical
Number of Pages: 1150


USA > Illinois > Greene County > History of Greene and Jersey Counties, Illinois : together with sketches of the towns, villages and townships, educational, civil, military, and political history; portraits of prominent individuals, and biographies of representative men, History of Illinois > Part 97


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818


HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.


diner was re-appointed postmaster and has held that position ever since. The office was made a money-order one in July, 1SS-I.


SOCIETIES.


King Solomon Lodge, No. 197, A. F. & A. M., was instituted at the meeting of the grand lodge, in 1854, and com- meneed work under a dispensation, as usual. The following were the officers appointed at that time: George W. Cory, W. M .; Augustine T. Perry, S. W .; James W. Allen, J. W .; Cyrus R. Lake, T .; Alexander II. Smith, S .; S. (. Gardiner, S. D .; Thomas Dodson, J. D .; and James Brooks, tyler. A new dispensation was granted by the grand lodge, in 1855, and the same officers were re-appointed. On the 7th of Oct., 1856, a charter was granted the lodge, and it was organized with the following charter members: G. W. Cory, A. T. Perry, J. W. Allen, C. R. Lake, A. H. Smith, W. B. Conner, James Brooks, D. Barrow, E. J. Lovell, S. B. Hatfield, Lucian King, J. B. White, Lewis White, Joel Terry, P. B. Cook, G. S. Cook, W. P. Ozbun, S. A. Brewster and S. G. Gardiner. On the 12th of Nov., 1856, Dr. J. B. Samuel, acting as grand mas- ter, appointed the following officers under this charter: G. W. Cory, W. M .; A. T. Perry, S. W .; J. W. Allen, J. W .; C. R. Lake, T .; A. HI. Smith, S .; S. G. Gardiner, S. D .; J. D. White, J. D .; and E. J. Lovell, tyler. The office of worshipful master of this lodge has been filled by the following gentle- men: G. W. Cory, A. T. Perry, M. S. Cory, J. R. W. English, W. M. Fry, Seymour Wertz, C. T. Bannister, Asa Cummings, Dr. Peter Fenity, S. G. Gardiner, Dr. J. B. Ilamilton, J. M.


Perry, F. W. Smith, George W. Trask, George W. Witt, Samuel E. Brown and Newton H. Close. Since the organiza- tion of the lodge there have been 18 deaths, the first being that of Cyrus R. Lake, which occurred July 18, 1858. Ile was murdered. The lodge was first started in Old Kane, but was removed to Kane, Feb. 6, 1870, when they took up quarters in the hall over Felter's brick store, where they remained until Jan. 1, 1876. They then removed to the hall they now occupy. This room is 24x76 feet in size, and is well fur- nished. The building was erected by John Greene, and the lodge, at a cost to the latter of $1,600, including furni- ture and all. This sum was raised by the subscription of the members. The building committee were Dr. Peter Fenity, Lucian King and J. M. Perry. The lodge is in a prosperous condition, having 66 active members. Of these, 57 reside in Illinois, and the other seven still retain their standing in the lodge, while residing abroad. The present officers are: Samuel E. Brown, W. M .; C. S: Gardiner, S. W .; E. A. Culver, J. W .; J. E. Brooks, T .; Frank McClure S .; Dr. P. Fenity, C .; R. W. . Greene, S. D .; Amos Irvin, J. D .; Geo. Witt, S. S .; Joseph Dressel, J. S .; and L. S. Roberts, tyler. Hanging upon the walls of the lodge room is a memo- rial, giving the names and amount of subscription of each member, toward the building of the lodge room, which is here inserted: A. T. Perry, $112; J. : B. Gardiner, $110; George W. Witt, $102.10; C. J. Gardiner, $76.60; G. W. Trask, 854; Dr. Peter Fenity, $53.90; J. M. Perry, $53.25; G. W. Cory, $51; S. G. Gardiner, $51; T. S. Parker, 50;


819


ILISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.


George C. Cockrell, $30.50; Z. M. death snapped the mystic tie that binds Titus, $30; Lucian King, 827.85; Enoch Littlefield, $27.80; Simeon Woolsey, 827.10; J. E. Brooks, $27; HI. L. Parker, $27; S. J. Downey, $27; Joseph Dres- sel, $26.55; J. D. Woolsey, 826.50; G. W. Erwin, 822; E. C. Jewsberry, 826; George Gerdis, 826; William Rainey, $25,50; A. II. Smith, $25; J. S. Erwin, $25; John C. Carrico, $25; Clark Er- win, $25; Frank W. Smith, 825. J. H. Greene, 820; Ilenry Newton, 819; J. F.


them together, and that when John P. Waggoner was called to the higher lodge, Feb. 5, 1877. Their hall is 24x30 feet in size, besides ante-room and regalia closet. It is located over Pope's grocery store, and meetings are held on Wednesday evenings of each week. The degree of Rebekah has been conferred upon about 40 ladies, relatives of the members. The following gentlemen have held the position of noble grand Irwin, $16.60; Silas Stroud, $16; John 'of the lodge, some of them several Powell, $11.60; Jeff Bolt, $11; J. B. terms: J. S. Carr, three terms; John Ilamilton, $10; E. P. Woolsey, $10; G. Robinson, George W. Witt, O. P. Cory, !I. Gardiner, $10; L. M. Haver, $10; 'three terms; Philo Adams, A. J. Brown, Amos Irwin, $10; C. E. Neeley, $10; two terms; C. S. Smith, three terms; 1. S. Hughes, $10; J. V. West, 86.55; E. D. Seago, $6; R. W. Stroud, 86; F. M. Carrico, 85: L. M. Littlefield, 85; Frank- lin Renno, 81.60; and D. T. Depry, $10.


(. E. Neeley, John Streetmaker, C. N. Adams, J. S. Hughes, J. M. Irwin, two terms; William Sunderland, two terms; W. M. Cory, George . W. West. The present officers are: William Sunder- instituted at Kane, July 5, 1870, with / land, N. G .; J. M. Irwin, V. G .; W.W. Felter, treas .; O. P. Cory, R. S.


Mutual Lodge, No. 430, 1. O. O. F., was the following charter members: Joseph S. Carr, Marcus M. Johnson, M.S. Love, Lucian King post, No. 410, G. A. R., was organized Feb. 20, 1884, with the following charter members: Il. P. Cook, M. C. Thompson, James B. Wool- sey, Wharton English, Frank Rollins, Jesse Scroggins, R. M. Brown, G. W. Bridges, Joseph A. Harris, John Mc- Kabney, James T. Dodson, George Wooley, Samuel Pope, late members of the 122d 111. Inf .; John Dugan and Elias Clark, of the 61st Ill. Inf .; J. Stanton Deck of the 80th Ill. Inf .; W. L. Bur- nett and G. P. Lambert, of the 27th 111. Inf .; A. G. Hughes, 7th Ohio indepen- d'ent sharpshooters; Jesse Cockrell, 97th Ill. Inf .; William Rainey, 11th IN. Cav .; R. M. Osborn, 28th Kentucky Inf .; S. S. Torrey, J. W. Dutton and R. N. ! MeClure. G. S. Miles, of Jerseyville, having received a special appointment as deputy grand master, installed the following officers: Joseph S.Carr, N.G .. S. S. Torrey, V. G .; M. M. Johnson, sec., and R. N. MeClure, treas. The charter is dated Oct. 7, 1870. At the first meeting, F. D. Well, O. P. Cory, J. M. Robinson and W. W. Felter were admitted to membership. The lodge is in a flourishing condition, having about 30 active members, and has over $500 loaned out, drawing interest. They also carry an insurance of $600 on the furniture of the lodge room. Over 100 have been initiated in this lodge since S. F. Fessler, 99th IN. Inf .; Jonathan its organization, and only once has | Marr, 54th INI. Inf .; R. H. Esprey, 25th


820


HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.


Ill. Inf .; Henry Yahncke, 9th II .; and G. D. P. Coonrod, of the 12th IN. Cav. The post was named after Lucian King, the captain of Co. C, 122d III. Inf. regi- ment. The first officers of the post were the following comrades: M. C. Thompson, C .; John Dugan, S. V. C .; Il. P. Cook, J. V. C .; J. S. Deck, Chap .; W. L. Burnett, Surg .; A. G. Hughes, O. D .; J. G. Woolsey, O. G .; B. F. Good- man, Q. M .; Jesse Cockrell, Adjt .; J. P. Lambert, S. M .; William Rainey, Q. M. S The post is in excellent con- dition, and has a membership of 32. They hold meetings, in Felter's hall, which they rent. Some 18 brothers of 1861-5, have been mustered into this post, since organization. The present officers are: M. C. Thompson, C .; John Dugan, S. V. C .; H. P. Cook, J. V. C .; J. P. Lambert, chap .; Elias Clark, surg .; A. G. Hughes, O. D .; Henry Yahneke, O. G .; J. Cockrell, Q. M .; G. W. Bridges, Adjt .; W. S. Sun- derland, Q. M. S .; George Stone. S. M.


Evergreen lodge No. 1344, K. of H., was organized Jan. 25, 1879, with 20 charter members. The first officers of the society were Joseph Carr, D .; Don- ald Carmichael, V. D .; C. E. Neeley, A. D .; Dr. I. S. Hughes, P. D .; A. W. Fletcher, R .; C. M. Carr, F. R .; W. B. Parker, P .; N. E. Harmon, C .; Horace Lobb, S .; W. Hastings, G. N .; E. C. Leigh, G. For some time the lodge ex- perienced a rapid and healthy growth, but finally disbanded and the major portion of the members were trans- ferred to the Jerseyville lodge.


THE YAEGER MILLS, AND THEIR BURNING.


The principal industry of Kane, in the past, was the Yaeger mills, which


institution has had quite an eventful history, the main points of which are as follows: In 1869, John' E. Van Pelt, who claimed to have $30,000, borrowed $10,000 on two years' time, at 10 per cent. interest, from the people of the vicinity, and constructed a large Hlouring mill, at an alleged cost of -$42,000. VanPelt jan the mill for about two years, and then failed, owing $30.000 to Carmichael & Howe, borrowed money. In 1870, VanPelt got up a grand lottery for disposing of the mill, a quantity of flour, and all of the other property. About $27,000 or $28,000 was realized from the sale of tickets, and when the drawing occurred, the mill was said to have been drawn by a man in Georgia. Soon after after VanPelt announced that he had bought the property back from the Georgian. A number of people living in the vicinity of Kane, drew numbers calling for sacks of flour, but many of them never received their prizes. After the lottery had occurred, Carmichael & Howe foreclosed a mort- gage on the mill. and took possession. Later, this firm mortgaged the property to a bank in Worcester, Mass. They, however, ran the mill for a year or two, being succeeded by M. M. Johnson, who had been in their employ, and who had leased of them. Johnson made some money, but did not remain long. After his departure the mill was idle for some time. In 1874 and 1875 Zebulon Titus had charge of the mill. He, too, made some profit from it. He was followed, successively, by Cockrell & Turner, Turner & Leigh and Joseph Strunk. In Sept., 1880, the Worcester bank, which had obtained possession of the property after a long law suit, sold


Very Respectfully Fram Beach


Cary Ann Reach


825


HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.


it to the Yaeger Mill Co., who made extensive repairs, and started the wheels in January, 1881. During the four years that he possessed the property, Mr. Yaeger made almost constant ad- ditions and improvements, and when the calamity occurred which reduced the building to ashes, the capacity of the mills was nearly five hundred barrels of the finest flour per day. March 1,1881, occurred the conflagration mentioned. The mill, as usual, was operated until 12 o'clock, Saturday night, and was then left in charge of watchman Tolly, and a few other employes. Between 6 and 7 A. M., Tolly discovered that the scale house, just cast of the mill, was on fire. An alarm was sounded, and every effort made to subdue the flames, but without success. The fire soon found its way to the windows of the mill, and as soon as it came in contact with the dust, which is always a source of danger in such places, the fate of the building was sealed. Nearly every able bodied man in Kane was on the spot soon after the first alarm, and all worked with the utmost vigor to save the property. Large quantities of flour and other val- uable property was carried from the mill to a place of safety. When it was seen


that the office building must burn, its contents were taken out, with the excep- tion of the safe, which was supposed to. be sufficiently secure to protect its eon- tents from the heat of a small, one-story building. Soon, however, the smell of burning leather indicated that some- thing was wrong, and as soon as possi- ble the safe was forced open and the books removed in a badly damaged con- dition. Mr. Yaeger and his son were in St. Louis, Mo., at the time of the fire, and did not reach Kane until the day after the occurrence. He placed his loss at $81,000, on which there was insurance of $42,500, in a St. Louis agency, and between $7,000 and $8,000 in a Jerseyville ageney. On the second day after the fire, the officials of the C. & A. R. R. showed their interest in the affair in an appropriate manner. A directors' car arrived, with General Manager Chappell and Superintendent Bates, as passengers, on a visit of con- dolence to Mr. Yaeger. The loss of the mill was a severe blow to Kane. Its citizens, and those of the vicinity, cir- culated a subscription paper to secure the re-building of the mills, but the proprietors received an offer from Car- linville, which they accepted, and they are now conducting a mill there.


CHAPTER XVI.


BLUFFDALE TOWNSHIP.


The township of Bluffdale lies in the western tier, the second from the south line of the county. It embraces all of


congressional township 10, range 13, sections 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36, town- ship 11, range 13, and the fractional sec-


50


820


HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.


tions 1, 12, 13, 24, 25 and 36, of township 10, range 14, and 36, township 11, range 14. It is bounded on the north by the township of Walkerville, on the east by Carrollton, south by Woodville, and west by Calhoun county, from which it is separated by the Illinois river. It contains about 45 sections, about one- half of which is the rich bottom land of the Illinois river, the rest being high roll- ing timber land. These bottoms are of the rich alluvial soil so characteristic of all the river bottoms of the western states, somewhat broken by lakes, ponds and marshy places, but if the annual over- flow of the waters of the river can be restrained, will make the finest farming land in the world. Running in a nearly north and south line through the center of the township is a line of bluffs, some 300 feet in height, rough, abrupt and craggy, and on the summit of these, the elevated plateau, covered with timber originally, and mostly covered with its primeval growth. Small streams, all known by local or no names, except Hurricane creek, run down through the ravines, and drain the uplands. Hurri- cane creek rises near the eastern limit of the township in section 25, and crosses the entire precinct, emptying into Long lake, and through its waters into the Illinois river. Potatoe Prairie lake lies in the southwestern part of the town- ship, Long lake in the western, and Halfway lake in the northwestern, all on the bottom land. Many fine farms are located along these low lands at the foot of the bluffs, and many are on the upland, where clearings have been made. The early settlers of this terri- tory preferring to locate on timber land, in preference to the prairie.


EARLY SETTLEMENT.


The first to make a settlement in what is now the township of Bluffdale was Luther Calvin, who, with his fam- ily, came to this portion of Greene county, in 1818, and settled under the blutfs, probably on section 33. The family was a large one, consisting of seven or eight children. He followed farming, and was considered a good neighbor. Both he and his wife died here, and are buried in the Bluffdale cemetery. Two or three of his sons were married and lived under the bluff, on section 28. One of the daughters mar- ried John Woolley, and a grand-daughter became the wife of Wesley J. Rickert, a resident of St. Louis. There are nonc of the family living here now.


In the fall of 1818, Thomas Hall and John Stone came up here from the Wood River settlement, and selected homes on the northeast quarter of Sec. 31, T. 10, R. 12, and built a cabin, into which they moved. John Stone was a native of Tennessee.


Thomas Hall, deceased, one of the pioneers of Greene county, was born in in Rowan county, N. C., May 28, 1792. He was reared to manhood there, and learned the trade of a worker in wood, making chairs, spinning-wheels, etc., at which he worked in North Carolina, Tennessee, and on the American Bottom. He removed to Tennessee, when he had grown to manhood, and from there he went to take part in the last war with Great Britain, serving under General Jackson. He was at Mobile Bay at the time of the battle of New Orleans. On arriving home, at the close of the war, he was married May 4, 1815, in Ten- nessee, to Mary McVay, a native of


827


HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.


South Carolina, born Feb.23, 1797. From Tennessee they removed to the Wood River settlement, in Illinois, in 1817, and after remaining there one year, came to Greene county, in 1818. Thos.


Hall and John Stone eame that same fall and built a eabin on the northeast quarter of See. 31, T. 10, R. 12. They did not stop to eut the doors in the eabin then, but went baek after their families, and when they returned they could get inside the cabin no other way


than by crawling under the sills. Doors were soon constructed, and the family lived a few months there, and then removed on to the northwest quarter of section 32, in the same township. They built another house there, where they lived until 1833. From there they re- moved to the southeast quarter of see- tion 31, and there Thomas lived until the time of his death. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas HIall were the parents of eight children, seven of whom are living-


Enoch, married Louisa Stone, residiug about four miles west of Virden, Ill .; Samuel, married Eveline Reynolds, living west of Virden; Jane, wife of R. C. Bradley, living in Bluffdale town-


ship; Elizabeth, wife of J. C. Reynolds,


living in Woodville township; James,


married Eliza Short, living at Wood- ville; Mary, wife of Henry Stone, liv- ing about six miles west of Virden; Clarissa, living in Virden, married Wes-


ley Stone, now deceased; and John, who


died at the age of two years.


Thomas


Hall died March 17, 1855, and is buried


at the Dunnegan cemetery. Mrs. Hall resides with her daughter Clarissa, at


Virden, being now at the advanced age of 89 years. She removed to Maeoupin county about the year 1860, and has


lived with her children since that time. Mrs. Hall is now the only one living of the pioneers of 1818, who were at the time grown to manhood or womanhood.


Reuben C. Bradley was born in Ten- nessee, in the year 1818, his parents being Alexander and Elizabeth Bradley. When he was four years old, he was bound out to a man named E. Barnard, with whom he lived until he was 18 years of age. In 1836 he came to Illinois, making the trip with an ox team, driv- ing it for Mr. Barnard. He arrived in Greene county in the fall of that year, with but a quarter of a dollar in his poeket, as his only earthly possessions. The first five months he was in the county he worked for $8 per month, and then worked in the distillery of Samuel Thomas about six weeks. For several years after that he was engaged during the summer at farm work, and in winter in making trips to New Orleans on rafts, taking produee, etc., to sell. His next move was to rent land, which he did until 1850, when he pur- ehased 120 aeres. By thrift, energy and good management, he has succeeded in adding to this until he now has 484 aeres in Greene county, 250 in Macoupin and Sangamon counties, and 320 in Marion county, Kan. He has a saw mill on his premises, which was ereeted in 1852. On Dee. 21, 1843, he was united in marriage with Elizabeth Hall, a native of this county, and a daughter of Thomas and Mary (MeVay) Hall. Mr. and Mrs. Bradley were the parents of 10 children, eight of whom are liv- ing-Mary E., wife of George Short, living in Page county, Mo .; James B., married Emily Barnett, living in Marion county, Kan .; Clarissa II., deceased,


828


HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.


wife of Oscar Clendennen, deceased, she dying in Jan., 1872, and he three days later, leaving two children-Reu- ben and Nettie, who are being reared by Mr. and Mrs. Bradley; Thomas A., married Phenie Cafer, lives in Wood- ville township; Jeannette Z., wife of Martin Bowman, living in Bluffdale township; Reuben H., married Laura Smith, living in Marion county, Kan .; Charles D., living at home; Joseph L., living out west; George I., deceased, and an infant not yet named. Mr. Bradley is an enterprising gentleman, and holds a high place in the estima- tion of all who have any acquaintance with him. Starting out in the world with no capital, he has acquired what may be considered a small fortune, all of which is due to good management and close attention to everything per- taining to the business of farming.


Hartwell Hunnicutt and his family made a settlement in this township in the spring of 1820. He was a native of South Carolina, and in 1817, removed to the territory of Illinois, and located between the mouth of Wood river and the American Bottom. There they re- mained until the date above, when he came to this county. On the Ist day of May, of that year, he settled on section 3, of this township, where he lived until 1823, when he removed to Walkerville township, where he died in 1833, in the latter part of February. Mrs. Hunni- eutt, formerly Margaret Cunningham, died in 1837.


Gideon Spencer settled in 1820, or '21, on the place owned by Spencer G. Russell, where he lived until his death.


Edward Flatt came to this township in 1820, and made a settlement. He


was born in Barren county, Ky., and was the son of John and Patience (Logston) Flatt. He was reared in his native state, and there he was married, in his 19th year, to Rosa Garrison, a native of North Carolina. From there they removed to Hamilton county, Ill., and in 1820, to this county, as above stated. He purchased an improvement when he came here, but subsequently settled on section 14, where he made his home until Sept., 1879, when death ealled him from this world. He was the parent of eight children-James, deceased; Patience, deceased; John; Ransom, married Ann Reed, both dead; Polly, wife of Alex. Logan; Jesse, de- ceased; Aaron, deceased; David, also dead.


John Flatt, the only surviving son, was born in Kentucky, Sept. 15, 1815; was married in 1843 to Elizabeth Gar- rison, who died in 1866. He was again united in marriage, in March, 1868, with Martha Chapman.


Jesse Flatt, deceased, was born in Kentucky, and was a son of Edward and Rosa Flatt, both natives of Virginia. He was reared in that state until reach- ing the age of about 16 years, when his parents removed to Illinois, locating in what is now Bluffdale township, Greene county, some time after 1820. He was here married to Rhoda Ray, and that union was blessed with three children- Wesley, whose sketch follows this; John B., married Kate Bechdoldt, and resides in Bluffdale township; and James P., married Angeline Bushnell, also living in this township. Mrs. Flatt died in 1864. On the 18th day of May, 1865, Mr. Flatt was again married to Jeannetta Taylor, a daughter of Fred-


829


HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY.


erick and Jeannetta (Jackson) Taylor. Her father was a native of Pennsylvania, her mother, of Kentucky. They came to Calhoun county, Ill., in 1820, where Mr. Taylor resided until his death, which occurred in 1850. Mrs. Taylor died in 1877, and was buried in Cal- houn county. Mr. and Mrs. Flatt were the parents of three children-Emma, Ross and Jesse. Mr. Flatt died on the 25th of April, 1873, and was buried in the Simpson cemetery. He was a good citizen, a kind father and husband, and his loss was deeply felt by all. Mrs. Flatt was again married on the 6th day of Nov., 1874, to Daniel Harkins. By this marriage there are five children- Freddie, Cora B., Rollie, Susie and Danna. Mrs. Harkins owns 69 aeres of land, on Sec. 16, R. 12, and 200 acres in Allen county, Kan.


Wesley Flatt, eldest son of Jesse and Rhoda (Ray) Flatt, was born Oct. 8, 1840, in what is now Bluffdale township, in Greene county, Illinois. He was reared in the township, and has always made it his home. On Dee. 9, 1866 he was united in marriage with Ellen M. Davis, a native of Winchester, Scott county, Ill., in which place she grew to womanhood. She is a daughter of Au- gustus and Esther (Lyman) Davis. Mr. Flatt owns 60 aeres of land in Bluffdale township, making his home on Sec. 20, T.10, R. 13, west. His parents were among the early settlers of this county, coming here more than half a century ago, henee they are mentioned in connec- gion with the carly settlement of this township. Mr. Flatt is now commis- sioner of roads in Bluffdale township.


James B. Flatt was born in what is now Bluffdale township, Greene county,


Oct. 31, 1844, his parents being Jesse and Rhoda Flatt. He was reared here and was married Jan. 18, 1870, to Ange- line Bushnell, a native of (freene county, and a daughter of Curtis Bushnell. By this union they have had five children -Mary Ellen, Alice, Rhoda, deceased; Luella, Myrtle and Wesley. Mr. Flatt owns land in T. 10, R. 13.


W. M. Flatt was born on the 15th of March, 1854, at the place where he now lives, in Bluffdale township, Greene county, IN. He is a son of Ransom and Sally Ann Flatt, natives of Illinois, who settled in this state about the year 1820. Willet received his education in the dis- trict schools of the neighborhood, and outside of school hours, his time was spent in assisting with the work on the farm. He now owns 69 acres of land in T. 11, R. 13, where he is engaged in farming. On the 20th of Aug., 1877, Mr. Flatt was united in marriage with Lugina Bradford, a daughter of Robert and Rosa (Louper) Bradford, now living in Calhoun county. By this marriage there are three children-Robert Ran- som, Dennis and Edward, making an interesting little family to labor for.




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