USA > Illinois > Madison County > History of Madison County, Illinois With biographical sketches > Part 54
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105 | Part 106 | Part 107 | Part 108 | Part 109 | Part 110 | Part 111 | Part 112 | Part 113 | Part 114 | Part 115 | Part 116 | Part 117 | Part 118 | Part 119 | Part 120 | Part 121 | Part 122 | Part 123 | Part 124 | Part 125 | Part 126 | Part 127 | Part 128 | Part 129 | Part 130 | Part 131 | Part 132 | Part 133 | Part 134 | Part 135 | Part 136 | Part 137 | Part 138 | Part 139 | Part 140
THE TEMPERANCE BANNER
Was issued in Alton. The first number was printed in August 1873. It continued until 1875, then suspended. R. L. Smiley was editor. It was published by Eugene Smith. Its name indicated its mission.
In January, 1875, J. N. Shoemaker issued the first number of the
ALTON DEMOCRAT,
The leading organ of the Democratic party in southern Illinois, was founded by James N. Shoemaker and Hugh E. Bayle in Alton in January, 1875. It was then issued weekly. During the first year, E. J. Bronson was con- nected with its publication. On the 17th of June, 1×76, the daily edition was commenced, which has continued to the present. In September of the same year the paper passed into the hands of Messrs. Perrin, Smith & Co. The "Co."
was then D. C. Fitz 'Morris, who was the editor, a position he still retains. Perrin, Smith & Co. continued until March Ist, 1878, when Fitz Morris withdrew from the firm, but as stated above, has continued editor of the Democrat. The daily is a seven column folio and the weekly a six column quarto.
The Democrat, under the vigorous management of Messrs. Perrin & Smith and its able editor, has grown to be one of the most potential political orgaus in southern Illinois. Both Messrs. Perrin and Smith are practical printers. The former is a native of Alton, and learned the trade in the old Courier office. The latter served an apprenticeship in the office of the Telegraph. Both bring to the trade a practical knowledge of the business. The office in all its appointments is the best equipped for doing all kinds of business in the county, and is unexcelled in the southern part of the state.
THE TROY WEEKLY BULLETIN,
The first newspaper issued in the enterprising village of Troy in Madison county, was a paper bearing the above title. James N. Jarvis was its founder, editor aud proprietor. The first number was issued February 221, 1873. Mr. Jarvis continued the publication of the Bulletin until April 15th, 1881, when he sold it to George Armstrong and Joseph S. Umberger. They published it until July 1st, 1881, then sold it to Henry B. Morris, its present editor and publisher. The Bulletin is a six column folio, independent in politics. It is neatly printed, and enjoys a healthy circulation.
THE MORNING NEWS
Was started in Alton, June 18th, 1876. It was edited by James J. McInerney and Eugene J. Bronson. It was a daily, independent in politics. It suspended about the let of September.
THIE CHRISTIAN NEWS
Was a monthly publicatiou issued at Alton and published in the interest of the Congregationalist Church. E. A. Smith was the publisher. The first issue was made in 1875. At the end of one year it was sold to the " Advance Com- pany," Chicago. It was cdited by Rev. Robert West of Alton, now of Boston, Mass.
QUI VIVE,
A college paper edited by the students of Shurtleff College, at Upper Alton. No. 1 of Vol. 1 was issued January 8, 1868.
TIIE COLLEGE REVIEW,
Another paper issued by the students of the above named college, made its debut in September 1879. Frank J. Merchant and John L. Pearson were the editors.
COLLINSVILLE WEEKLY HERALD
No. 1, of Vol. 1, was issued September 10th, 1879, James N. Peers, editor and publisher. It was then a five column folio, afterward enlarged to a six, then a seven, and then
216
HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
changed to a five column quarto, cut and pasted. The Herald is independent in politics. Mr. Peers is a practical printer, and an adept in the mechanism of printing. The office is fitted up with a Campbell paper and job press, Iun by a Baxter steam engine, small press for job work, mitre and curving machine, and a complete stereotyping appa- ratus. In short the Herald has the neatest and most com- plete outfit of any small printing office within our knowledge. Mr. Peers furnishes stereotype plates of ready printed matter for a number of papers in Illinois. The Weekly Courier was a six column folio campaign paper, pub- lished iu Collinsville by J. N. Peers, and edited by William A. Garasche. It supported Hancock for the presidency. It suspended a week before the election.
MADISON COUNTY SENTINEL
Was established in Alton by J. J. McInerney, October 15, 1879. The Sentinel is now in its third volume. It is de- voted to the general interests of Madison county, and Alton in particular. It is an eight column folio, independent in politics, and is fast growing in popular favor.
THE LITTLE EPISCOPALIAN
Was a monthly journal edited and published by Dr. A. M. Powell at Collinsville. The first number was printed in March 1880. On the first of October its name was changed to the
BANNER OF THE CROSS.
Its publication continued until December 1881.
THE MADISON COUNTY ANZEIGER
Was the name of a German paper printed at Edwardsville. The first issue was made May 7, 1875. The pub- lishers were C. Lohmann & Son, C. Lohmann editor. The Anzeiger was at first Independent in politics, but in the poli- tical campaign of 1876 it supported Hayes and Wheeler, and from that time on until it discontinued it was a Repub- lican paper. H. C. Lohmann retired from the Anzeiger May 9, 1878. It was continued by Mr. Lohmann, senior, for a short time after and then suspended.
THE EDWARDSVILLE DEMOKRAT
Was the name of another German paper, which was first issued in March, 1880, by Gustavus Schwendler, publisher. Hon. B. E. Hoffman was employed as editor. After four months' trial Mr. Schwendler was convinced that a German newspaper in Edwardsville would not pay, and the publi- cation ceased. It was Democratic in tone.
THE HIGHLAND HERALD
Was established in Highland, Madison county, April 13, 1881.
The business men of Highland wanted an English paper published in their midst, and for that purpose subscribed liberally to its establishment and support. They selected William H. Foy as editor and publisher. He continued to publish the Herald for its citizen owners until June 20 of the same year. Then he was succeeded by Louis E. Kinne and George Roth, who took charge for the stockholders. T. S. Richardson was selected as editor. That arrangement continued until August 24th following, when they retired and J. A. Krepps and Charles Boescbeustein purchased the paper of the stockholders. On the 8th of September, 1881, Mr. Boeschenstein became sole proprietor and editor. In form the Herald is a six column quarto. It is independent in politics, and devoted to the interests of Highland and vicinity. The office is fitted up with a new Fairhaven power press and a fine supply of type of the latest styles and finish. It is a growing paper, and bids fair to be of great value to the good people of Highland.
THE COLLINSVILLE STAR
Is the latest aspirant for journalistic fame in Madison coun- ty. The first number was issued January 7th, 1882. Hugh A. Wetmore is its founder, editor and proprietor. He is not unknown to fame in the journalistic world. He was for a number of years connected with the newspapers of St. Louis, and by them was employed as a special reporter in different parts of the country. In that somewhat difficult capacity he sustained the reputation of an active, truthful and able correspondent. He therefore brings to the business experience and a knowledge of at least one branch of the business. The mission of the Star at present is to get a covered dirt road or " shed road" from Collinsville to St. Lonis. For his laudable efforts in that direction we hope posterity may "rise up and call him blessed." The Stur is a three column, four page paper, independent in politics.
The history of the press of Madison county has been brief- ly traced. There have been a few failures, but upon the whole it has been fairly representative of the business growth of the county. Few industries can show a better record, or number more patient, earnest and enthusiastic workers. The influence and character of the press has grown with the ma- terial wealth and intellectual growth of those they have represented. The number of newspaper enterprises organ- ized and now in existence in the county and the character of their support, speaks well for the liberality of her citizens, and unmistakably shows the power of printer's ink and edi- tor's pen. To the press, perhaps more than to any other in- dustry, belongs the credit of building up and giving Madison county her enviable standing among her sister counties in the great State of Illinois.
217
HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
CHAPTER XII.
to incorporate in her eivil government taneously word came of hostile demon- the best idea of all ages and people. strations along the Wabash Murders PATRIOTISM. Her growth has been marvelons, and the were committed ; treaties were set at spirit of patriotism has been commen- nought; the storm of war was brewing. surate therewith. To-day the proudest In the month of April, 1812, Gomo, an exclamation of our countrymen is, " We Indian chief, heading a deputation made HE commencement of American liberty presaged the dawn of a brighter period in the world's his- tory. The spirit of freedom which prompted our ances- tors to throw off the yoke of oppression, and, which gave ns a lofty rank amid many of her citizens participated. the empires of the world, still animates the bosom of their descendants. Liber- WAR OF 1812. ty was the ringing watchword of those This was a struggle between the United States and Great Britain, grow- who first anchored their boats on a rock bonnd coast. Liberty of thought and ing out of the insolent and repeated speech caused thousands to forsake the homes they loved so well in the mother are Americans !" Wars may and have upof representatives from various tribes, threatened; red battle may stamp her met Governor Edwards, at Cahokia, to fiery feet, but this nation emerges from negotiate a treaty. The governor ad- the crucible, rejuvenated, bound by dressed them in a forcible speech. He stronger ties, and clothed in mightier told them he understood the hostility of power. In order to present the patriot- the Indians ; laid the blame at the foun- ism of Madison county, it will be ne- tain head-with the traders at British cessary to give brief sketches of the war outposts; warned then against their of 1812, Black-Hawk, and Mexican wars councils; claimed that Americans only and the late Rebellion, in each of which desired peace; told them plainly that the only basis for a treaty would be the delivery of murderers within their ranks (some present had participated in the Chicago massacre) for punishment. The Indians in turn professed sorrow for wrongs done; declared their inabil- overtacts of the latter government ill ity to deliver up the murderers; laid harassing the commerce of the United the blame upon one of the tribes (the Winnebagoes) and promised good be- havior. Despite their earnest protesta- tions, and expressed desire for peace, the Indians continued their depredations. country. The sons of " merry " England, States by the impressment of seamen fair France, rugged Scotland, distressed from American vessels. The non-inter- course law expired in 1810, when the government of the United States made a proposal to both France and England The rangers, for that was the name by that if either nation would repeal its orders prohibiting trade by neutral ves- which the patriots were known, gathere 1 their families into block houses for pro- teetion, whilst they attempted to raise a Ireland and Germany, the " faderland," left their homes for untried ones in this new Republic. It was an experiment. The results have far outstripped what the most fertile imagination could have entertained. The new world was sels, the states would revive the non- waked from its savage lethargy ; forests intercourse law against the other nation. little corn for their subsistence with have been prostrated and given way to France accepted the proposition, and their guns hanging at their sides whilst plowing. ready to protect themselves against attack. Forts or block-honses were erected in various parts of the frontier, several being situated in Madi- than the increase of our wealth and population. The powers of the Old World have ceased to look upon us as a sudden flame that would soon be extin- son county. Fort Russel, a few miles north of Edwardsville, was the head- quarters of Governor Edwards for mili- tary stores and munitions of war. Spies were instructed to pass daily between these forts, so as to keep up a constant line of communication throughout their length. thrift and civilization ; towns and cities President Madison proclaimed free com- have sprung into existence like the flow- merce with France, but that trade with ers of the topies ; and the sweeping fires Great Britain be prohibited. This was of the prairies are scarcely more rapid taken as a challenge by the English government to place itself in an attitude of hostality. The feeling engendered soon brought on the war. As in the war with the colonies, the British gov- gnished, and now recognize our Republie ernment soon made allies of the Indians, as one of the first powers on either eon- and thus the settlers of the frontier were tinent. When the originators of our called upon to protect their homes and Republic proclaimed "That all men are families from the merciless savages, and created equal ; that they are endowed several regiments of Rangers were soon by their Creator with certain inaliena- organized and ready for service against ble rights; that among these are life, this cruel and formidable foe.
As early as 1809, Nicholas Jarrot, of an oppressed world applanded. When Cahokia, a French patriot, wedded to the it was proclaimed that a government was
liberty and the pursuit of happiness,"
American cause, made oath that the Brit- to be founded on such principles, mnil- ish agents and traders at Prairie du Chien lions were ready to become sovereigns and foresake Kingdoms and empires for
were instigating the Indians to deeds of violence ; furnishing them with arms the enjoyment of these inalienable rights. and ammunition, and otherwise prepar Thus was brought before the attention of ing them for warfare along the borders the civilized world, a nation that e>sayed of Western civilization. Almost simul- Samnel Whiteside.
Captains William Jones, Samnel Whiteside, and Samuel Judy. from Madison, commanded companies in this border warfare. The following is a ros- ter of the members of their companies from this county :
GOSHEN, AUG. 1st, 1812. An enlistment of volunteers in Captain Samuel Whiteside's Company for 3 months.
Captain.
218
HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
First Lieutenant.
Titas Gregg.
Second Lieutenant.
Jolin Swaggart.
Ensign
Henry Taylor.
Privates.
Baim, Elsworth. Lacy, John. Lee, Samuel.
Burroughs, Joseph.
Bridges, Allen.
Marney, James.
Brusco, John. McFadden, James.
Burgess, William. Paine, John.
Dorris, Samuel. Price, Daniel.
Enochs, John.
Porter, David.
Ferguson, Joseph. Gregg, John.
Pursley, Daniel.
Gregg, Azer. Roach, Matthew. Gregg, Harmon. Semple, David. Smeltzer, Jacob.
Howlin, James.
Howard, William.
Simpson, William.
Howard, Joseph.
Semple, Benjamin.
Hooser, Absalom. Shelton, William.
Howard, Absalom. Thompson, James.
Howard, John. Warren, Harden.
Hewitt, Roland. Wilson, James.
Waggoner, John.
A Muster Roll of a Company of Volunteer Infantry commanded by Cap- tain William Jones, ordered into service by his Excellency, Ninian Edwards, Governor of the Illinois territory.
Chaplain.
William Jones.
Lieutenant.
.John Springer.
Ensign.
Thomas Finley. First Sergeant.
Edward Reavis.
Secand Sergeant.
John Whitley.
Third Sergeant.
David White, (Spy.)
Fourth Sergeant. --
Robert Brazle.
Corporals.
Solomon Preuitt.
Jacob Gregg.
Matthew Mcans. David Smeltzer.
Privates Anderson, James, Sr. IIolt, John.
ames, ward, Abrm. (Spy.) Brazle, William. Hutton, George, Sr. Brazle, Richard. Ilutton, George, Jr.
Bateman, Abraham. Jones, Martin. Brazle, Valentine,(Spy) Jones, John.
Bateman, William. Cox, Ephraim. Chilton, Matthew. Chilton, Joshua. Chilton, James, Sr. Chilton, William. Chilton, James, Jr. Dollarhide, Aquilla. Finley, Howard. Finley, Moses. Finley, John. Finley, James. Ferguson. Isaac. Giger, John. Green, John.
Lindly, Joseph. Lindly, John
Lockhart, Byrd, (Spy.) Loekhart, William.
Lindly, Simon, Sr.
Lindley, Simon, Jr. Lindly, Samuel. Lockhart, Andrew. Preuitt, Fields. Roberts, Wm. (Spy.) Roberts, Andrew. Stubblefield, Wm.(Spy) Stubbletield, Easly. Smeltzer, Hermon. Tayer, George, (Spy.)
Green, Henry, Jr. Tayer. Bartter.
Green, Henry, Sr. Tetrich, Jacob.
Green John. Tetrich, Charles.
Henson, Benjamin.
Henson, John. Hill, John. Hopton, John. Tetrich. Peter· Whitley, Mills. Whitley John.
Howard Wm (Spy.) Whitley. Randolph.
Higgins, John. Whitley, Elisha.
Hill James.
Hill, Burrell.
Muster Roll of Captain Samuel Judy's Company of Mounted Spies. called into service by and under the command of his Excellency, Ninian Edwards, Oct. 18th, 1812, to Nov 12th, 1812.
Captains.
Samuel Judy.
Privates.
Adams, Calvin.
Larmar, Patriek.
Adkins, John.
Lusk, John T.
Cox, Thomas. Moore, George.
Clark, Edward
Newman, Joseph. Nix, Ambrose.
Cosey, Pierre. Right. Tolever.
Frazier, Robert.
Radcliff, William.
Gillham, Isom.
Reynolds, John.
Going, William.
Smith, Thomas.
Gillham, Samuel.
Stoekden, Davis.
Griffin, William.
Waddle, Alexander.
Several other companies were formed
Conway, Jesse, private, Virginia Continentals at various times, between 1812, and ' Deek, Michael, private Virginia Continentals. 1814, but on account of the destruction or mislaying of the records, we are un- able to furnish only the above rosters of the soldiers of this war.
The following is a true copy, verbatim et literatim to the Governor of the state in 1814, by Thomas Kirkpatrick :
Edwardsville, September 24th, 1814. SIR :- This day there was an election held at this place for a Captain, and first and second Lieutenants by the vol- unteers that have late been raised in Conseqence of your request to Isam Gillham and J. G. Lofton Esq .. the com- pany detained the Election until about the county papers published in 1872:
We give below a clipping from one of
the 4 of the o'clock in the afternoon in hopes. We would have been Joined by Mr. Stout and a Party from that neigh- "In 1872 the following named resi- dents of this county were soldiers of the war of 1812, and were in receipt of borhood, on being disappointed. We pensions; Samuel Seybold, Jesse Ren- procceded to Elect John G. Lofton, fro, William Shaw and Jubilee Posey of Capt., Thomas Kirkpatrick 1st Lieuten- Troy ; Andrew Keown, Alhambra ;
ant, and Samuel G. Morse 2d Lieutenant, and intend when orders are received to Elect the balance of the officers so as to
notice, but there remains no doubt but the company will be compleat before this reaches you-there are 70 on the list now. The above officers were elect- ed by a unanimous vote.
Very respectfully yours,
THOS. KIRKPATRICK \ Judges of G. CADWELL S the Election.
Invalid pensioners among the pioneers of Madison county :
Asa Brooks, private, New York volunteers, pensioned July 27, 1819, pension com- menced Nov. 10th, 1814.
William Preuitt, U. S. range, pensioned July 1, 1816. pension dated Nov. 2, 1814. William Richards, private 3d U. S. rifles, pen sioned January 2, 1818, pension dated April 24, 1815.
Soldies of the revolutionary army, in later years residents of Madison county :
Elihu Mather, Sergeant in Connecticut Conti- nentals, pensioned July 23, 1821, died September, 1831.
Brown, Daniel, private and sergeant Virginia Continentnls.
Gillham, Jolin, private, S. C. Continentals. Gillham, Isaac, private, S. C. Continentals, Harrison, A. A., private, Penn'a. Continentals. Hall, Wm., priv. and serg., S. C. Continentals. Long, Jolin, private, N. C. Continentals. McAdams, Joseph, private, N. C. Continentals. McAdams. Wm., private, N. C Continentals. Preuitt, Martin. private, Virginia Continentals. Robinson, John, private, N. C. Continentals. Revis, Henry, private, N. C. Continentals. Roach, Francis, private, N. C. Continentals. Randle, Richard, priv , Virginia Continentals. Reavis, Harris, private, N. C. Militia. Randle, Isham, private, N. C. Continentals. Smart, Laban, private, N. C. Continentals. Thornhill, Ilenry,'priv. Virginia Continentals. West, Nathaniel, priv. Virginia Contentials. Bridges, Georga, private, N. C. Militia.
Solomon Preuitt, of Fort Russell ; John Anderson of Collinsville; Abraham Howard and Philip Gatch of Highland ; Aaron Rule and Thomas Sutton of St-
dispose of the officers in Each Settle- Archibald Lamb of Lamb's Point, and ment which may Join. We assure your Excellency that the old men have volun- Jacobs. Mrs. Mary Barusback, widow teered with a spirit that reflects an honor of George Barnsback, and Mrs. Cynthia on the old veterans of '76. The notice o! Kcown, widow of James Keown, were the Election was so short in this Settle- also in receipt of pensions as widows of ment that the people had not general soldiers of that war."
(Spy)
White, Robert. White, David.
Pursley, William.
Cook. Henry.
219
HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
THE BLACK HAWK WAR IN 1831-32. -
In relating some of the ineidents of the Black Hawk War, and before enter- ing into details of the causes and results of it, we give our readers a brief sketch of the celebrated warrior, who figured so conspicuously in those sanguinary campaigns. Macuta Mahictah, is the
* and Kickapoos, under the command of and his warriors that ifhe and his men did Col. Dixon. Black Hawk and band not come to Rock Island and make a participated in the battles of River treaty of peace, he would march his troops Raisin, the Lower Sandusky and other and give him battle at once. * *
places ; bnt getting dissatisfied with the In a few days Black Hawk and the hard fighting and small amount of spoils, chiefs, and head men to the number of he and twenty comrades left for the Sauk twenty-eight, appeared in Fort Arm- Village at Rock Island, where he re strong, and on the 30th of June, 1831, in Indian name of Black Hawk. He was mained for many years at peace, with full council with Gen. Gaines and Gov. born in the Sauk village, near the mouth the exception of a small battle on the Reynolds, signed a treaty of peace."
of Rock river, Illinois, in 1767, and was Quiver River, a settlement in Missouri, an Indian of more than ordinary sagacity within the present limits of St. Charles and stability of character. He possess- county, where one white man and an In- dian were killed.
ed no hereditary rank, but in early youth distinguished himself as a brave,
The principal cause of the Indian which gave him the confidence of his troubles in 1831-32, better known as the tribe. In the many bloody conflicts of Black Hawk war, was the determination bis subsequent life with the Cherokees of Black Hawk and his band to remain and Osages, he never lost a battle. In comparison, however, he could hardly be classed with the great Indian charac- in their ancient village, located on Rock river, not far from its junction with the Mississippi. The government, having ters, such as Philip, Pontiac, Logan, Te- some time previously by various treaties cumseh and such illustrious characters. purchased the village and the whole coun- By the portraits of him, now extant, the try from the Sac and Fox tribe of Indians, reader of human character will readily had some of these lands surveyed, and observe in his large, high forehead and in 1828, a portion of the land in and the lines worn by care in his face, mas- around the ancient village was sold ; sive jaws and compressed lips, a char- the collision between the two races pro- acter indicative of more than ordinary ability. His ambition was to distinguish himself as a great warrior; yet he was
duced the first disturbance between the Indians and the Government. Seeing that war was inevitable, the governor of merciful to the aged, the women and Illinois made a call on the militia of children. The only road to distinction the State for 700 men on the 26th of for an Indian, is to become great in his May, 1831, and appointed Beardstown, feats of war. So soon as he kills an on the Illinois river, as the place of ren- enemy, he may paint a bloody hand upon dezvous. The call was responded to with his blanket, which entitles him to a seat that promptness characteristic of the in the councils.
early pioneers of the state. Their habits
In 1810, and 1811, Black Hawk and were such that all were familiar with comrades were "nursing their wrath to the use of the rifle. After traveling keep it warm " against the whites. A eight days, the mounted militia reached party of Sacs, by invitation went to see a point a few miles below the Sac village the prophet at Tippecanoe. They re- on the Mississippi, where they joined the turned more angry than ever against the United States forces under Gen. Gaines, Americans. A party of Winnebagoes and encamped in the evening. The had massacred some whites, which ex- cited for murder the Sac band headed Black Hawk. A part of his band and battle; but in the night the Indians had some Winnabagoes attacked Fort Mad ison in 1811, but were repulsed. Black Hawk headed the Sacs in this attack. next morning the forces marched to an Indian town prepared to give the enemy escaped and crossed the Mississippi. This ended Black Hawk's bravado and his determination to die in his ancient vil-
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.