USA > Illinois > Piatt County > History of Piatt County; together with a brief history of Illinois from the discovery of the upper Mississippi to the present time > Part 10
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Vitaceæ-Vine family.
Vitis .- Æstivalis, Michx. (summer grape). Wooded river-banks. Cordifolia, Michx. (winter or frost grape). Woods and thickets.
Ampelopsis .- Quinquefolia, Michx. (Virginia creeper). Woods; often climb- ing trees to a great height.
Rhamnaceæ-Buckthorn family.
Rhamnus .- Lanceolatus, Pursh. (buckthorn). River banks.
Ceanothus .- Americanus, L. (New Jersey tea). Prairies. "The leaves were
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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.
used for tea during the American Revolution, and the manufacture has been recently revived in Pennsylvania.
Celastraceæ-Staff-tree family. Remarkable for its brilliant fruit. Celastrus .- Scandens (wax-work; climbing bitter-sweet). Thickets.
Euonymus .- Atropurpurens, Jacq. (burning-bush; waahoo). Rich woods. Americanus, L., var. obovatus, T. & G. (strawberry-bush). River banks.
Sapindaceæ-Soapberry family.
Staphylea .- Trifolia, L. (American bladder-nut). Near streams; in woods ; remarkable for its inflated pods.
Æsculus .- Glabra, Willd (fetid or Ohio buckeye). Near streams in woods.
Acer .- Saccharinum, Wang. (sugar or rock maple). Rich woods, especially on lower grounds. Dasycarpum, Ehrh. (white or silver maple). River banks. This species is commonly called soft maple.
Leguminosæ-Pulse family. Most plants belonging to this family have compound leaves, a papilionaceous or butterfly-shaped corolla, ten stamens and a single simple pistil. The corolla is composed of five petals. The two in front are usually more or less united and. inclose the stamens and style. They form what is called the keel. The two at the sides are the wings, and the large one at the back is the standard. It incloses all the others in the bud. The filaments of the stamens are either all united or nine united and one free. The fruit is a simple pod or legume, but in a few genera it is jointed. This is a large and important family. It is widely distributed and in some regions the species are much more numerous than with us. There are many in the far west. Of six thousand five hundred species known in the world, the United States has three hundred and fifty, Illinois seventy-three, Piatt county twenty-four. Among plants of this. family cultivated for use or ornament are clover, sweet clover, lucerne, pea, bean, peanut, sweet-pea, Wistaria, sensitive plant.
Trifolium .- Pratense, L. (red clover). Common in fields, etc. « Repens, L. (white clover). Common in fields, lawns, etc.
Melilotus .- Alba, Lam. (sweet clover; white melilot). Roadsides and waste places.
Petalostemon .- Candidus, Michx. Prairies.
Amorpha .- Fruticosa, L. (false indigo), Banks of streams. Canescens, Nutt. (lead-plant). Prairies.
Desmodium (tick-trefoil) .- Remarkable for its jointed pods, which are mostly covered with hooked hairs, and stick tight to the clothing or the hair of animals ; whence the name tick-trefoil. Acuminatum, DC. Woods and thickets. Cuspi- datum, T. & G. Woods. Paniculatum, DC. Woods, thickets, etc. Illinoense, Gray. Prairies. .
Lespedeza (bush clover) .- Repens, T. & G. Banks and hillsides in open woods. Violacea, Pers. Woods. Capitata, Michx. Prairies.
Lathyrus .- Palustris, L. (marsh vetchling). Low grounds; Sangamon river bank.
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FLORA OF PIATT COUNTY.
Apios .- Tuberosa, Mænch (ground-nut ; wild bean). Banks of streams.
Phaseolus (kidney-bean) .- Diversifolius, Pers. Sandy banks.
Amphicarpæa .- Monoica, Nutt. (hog pea-nut). Rich woods.
Baptisia (false indigo) .- Leucantha, T. & G. Prairies. Leucophæa, Nutt. Prairies.
Cercis .- Canadensis, L. (red-bud). Woods along streams.
Cassia .- Marilandica, L. (wild senna). Banks of streams. Chamæcrista, L. (partridge-pea). Prairies, especially in sandy soil.
Gymnocladus .- Canadensis, Lam. (Kentucky coffce-tree). Woods near streams.
Gleditschia .- Triacanthos, L. (honey-locust).
Rosacea-Rose family. This is one of the most important families, because it contains so many fruits. The apple, peach, pear, plum, cherry, strawberry, raspberry, blackberry and others belong here; also many plants cultivated for ornament. The flowers are regular and five-parted ; the numerous stamens are inserted with the petals on the calyx. The fruit is of various kinds, and its morphology is in many cases very interesting. The family as a whole is not near so large as the preceding one, having only about a thousand species, but a larger proportion of them are native here.
Prunus .- Americana, Marshall (wild yellow or red plum). Woods and thickets. Virginiana, L. (choke-cherry). River banks. Serotina, Ehrh. (wild black cherry). Woods. This is a large tree; the preceding species seldom more than a shrub. They may also be distinguished by their leaves,-those of this species having blunt teeth ; those of the preceding, sharp ones.
Spiræa .- Opulifolia, L. (nine-bark). Banks of the Sangamon ; a fine shrub.
Gillenia .- Stipulacea, Nutt. (American ipecac). Hillsides or banks in woods. Agrimonia .- Eupatoria, L. (common agrimony). Woods. Parviflora, Ait. (small-flowered agrimony). Woods.
Geum (arens) .- Album, Gmelin. Woods.
Potentilla (cinquefoil; five-finger) .- Norvegica, L. Open grounds. Cana- densis, L. (common cinquefoil or five-finger). Dry soil. Arguta, Pursh. Prairics. Fragaria .- Virginiana, Ehrh. (strawberry). Prairies, etc.
Rubus .- Occidentalis, L. (black raspberry). Open woods. Villosus, Ait (blackberry). Borders of woods, thickets, etc.
Rosa .- Setigera, Michx. (climbing or prairie rose). Thickets. Lucida, Elirh (dwarf wild-rose). Hillsides, prairies, etc. Rubiginosa, L. (sweet-brier. Escaped from cultivation.
Cratægus .- Coccinea, L. (scarlet-fruited thorn). Woods and thickets. To- mentosa, L. (black or pear-thorn). Woods and thickets. Var. mollis, Gray. Same as the typical form, but more common. This is the species commonly called red-liaw. Crus-galli, L. (cockspur-thorn). Woods.
Pyrus-Coronaria, L. (American crab-apple). Woods and thickets.
Amclanchier .- Canadensis, T. & G. Var. botryapium, Gray (June-berry; shad-bush ; service-berry ).
Saxifragaceæ .- Saxifrage family.
Ribes .- Rotundifolium, Michx. (gooseberry). Woods.
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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY. 4
Crassulaceæa .- Orpine family.
Penthorum .- Sedoides, L. (ditch stone-crop). Wet places.
Hamamelaceæ .- Witch-hazel family.
Hamamelis .- Virginica, L. Woods. Collected by John Marquiss.
Onagraceæ .- Evening primrose family.
Circæa .- Lutetiana, L. (enchanter's nightshade). Woods ; frequent.
Gauva .- Viennis, L. Open ground, fields, etc.
Œnothera .- Biennis, L. (common evening primrose). Fields.
Ludwigia (false loosestrife) .- Polycarpa, Short & Peter. Very wet places.
Lythraceæ .- Loosestrife family. All our species grow in wet places.
Ammannia .- Humilis, Michx. Latifolia, L.
Lythrum .- Alatum, Pursh.
Cucurbitaceæ .- Gourd family.
Licyos .- Angulatus, L. River banks.
Umbellifera .- Parsley family. The flowers are in umbels, but in one case the umbel is contracted into a dense head. The majority have perfectly regular compound umbels. The fruit consists of two carpels, each containing a single seed. Each carpel has several oil- tubes which contain an aromatic oil. Some of the cultivated species are the carrot, parsnip, anise, dill, caraway. The poison hemlock of classical fame belongs here.
Sanicula (black snakeroot) .- Canadensis, L. Open woods. Marilandica, L. With the preceding.
Eryngium .- Yuccafolium, Michx. (rattlesnake-master; button snakeroot). Moist prairies.
Daucus .- Carota, L. (common carrot). Escaped from cultivation ; collected by Miss A. E. Butts.
Heracleum .- Lanatum, Michx. (cow-parsnip) Damp places in woods.
Pastinaca .- Sativa, L. (common parsnip). Fields, roadsides, etc.
Archemora .- Rigida, DC. (cowbane). Damp grounds.
Thaspium (meadow-parsnip). Barbinode, Nutt. Prairies. Aureum, Nutt. Moist prairies, etc.
Zizia .- Integerrima, DC. High banks of streams, hillsides, etc.
Cicuta .- Maculata, L. (spotted cowbane; musquash root; water hemlock). Wet grounds. "The root is a deadly poison."
Lium .- Lineare, Michx. (water parsnip). Wet grounds.
Cryptotænia .- Canadensis, DC. (honewort). Woods.
Chærophyllum .- Procumbens, Lam. (chervil). Moist woods.
Osmorrhiza (sweet cicely) .- Longistylis, DC. (smoother sweet cicely). Rich woods. Brevistylis, DC. (hairy sweet cicely). With the last.
Eulophus .- Americanus, Nutt. (White Heath). Moist grounds.
Araliaceæ .- Gensing family.
Aralia .- Racemosa, L. (spikenard). Rich woods.
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FLORA OF PIATT COUNTY.
Cornaceæ-Dogwood family.
Cornus .- Sericea, L. (silky cornel, kinnikinnik). Wet places.
Caprifoliaceæ-Honeysuckle family. This is the first of the monopetalous families, those having their petals united.
Symphoricarpus .- Vulgaris, Michx. (Indian currant; coral-berry). Woods along the Sangamon.
Lonicera .- Flava, Sims (yellow honeysuckle). River banks.
Triosteum .- Perfoliatum, L. (feverwort; horse-gentian). Rich woods.
Sambucus .- Canadensis, L. (elder). Borders of woods, thickets, etc.
Viburnum .- Prunifolium, L. (black haw). Woods and thickets.
Rubiaceæ-Madder family. The coffee tree, Peruvian-bark tree and other useful plants belong to this family.
Galium .- Notable for its slender stems and whorled leaves. The number of leaves at a joint varies in different species from four to eight; in most of our species they are narrow. The slender, decumbent stems sometimes reach a length of six feet, and their angles are usually roughened. Aparine, L. (cleavers; goose-grass). Moist thickets. Concinnum, T. & G. Rich woods. Trifidum, L. (small bedstraw). Wet places. Triflorum, Michx. (sweet-scented bedstraw). Rich woods. Circæzans, Michx. (wild liquorice). Rich woods.
Cephalanthus .- Occidentalis, L. (button-bush). Wet placesand often in water. Houstonia .- Purpurea, L. · Fields and woods.
Compositæ-Composite family. To this family belong all such flowers as the asters, golden-rods, daisies, sunflowers, thistles and many others. Many flowers are collected together in a head, and, to those who have not studied them, may appear like a single flower. In the sunflower, for instance, each of the parts that appears like a petal is a flower, and each of the parts in the central part or disk is a flower, perfect and complete in itself. The former are called ray flowers ; the latter, disk flowers. The green leaf-like bodies outside of the ray flowers form, not the calyx, but the involucre. Each flower has its calyx, which takes various forms in different species. In the sunflower, it consists of a few teeth ; in beggar-ticks, the teeth are barbed ; in the thistle, dandelion and many others, it is composed of many fine hairs. The calyx is called the pappus. The corolla is usually fine-parted. In the disk flowers it is regular ; in the ray flowers, strap-shaped. Some species, as ironweed and boneset, have no ray flowers ; but in one whole sub-family, that to which the dande- lion belongs, the flowers are all strap-shaped. The stamens, five in number, are inserted on the corolla and their anthers united into a tube around the style. The style has two branches. The fruit is a one-celled ovary containing a single erect seed. This is the largest family of flowering plants : it contains about a thousand genera and
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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.
ten thousand species. In Illinois there are two hundred species. It contains a comparatively small number of directly useful plants, the commonest being lettuce. Many are cultivated for ornament.
Vernonia .- Fasciculata, Michx. (iron-weed). Prairies, woods and banks of streams. The leaves are very variable.
Liatris .- Cylindracea, Michx. (button snakeroot; blazing star). Prairies. Scariosa, Willd. Prairies. Pycnostachya, Michx. Prairies.
Kuhnia .- Kuhnia. Eupatarioides, L. Prairies.
E ipatorium .- Purpureum, L. (Joe-Pye weed ; trumpet-weed). Low grounds in woods, etc. Perfoliatum, L. (thoroughwort; boneset). Wet places. Serotinum, Michx. Near the Sangamon. Ageratoides, L. (white snake-root). Rich woods.
Conoclinium .- Cœlestinum, DC. (mist-flower). Banks of the Sangamon. It has beautiful blue flowers, appearing like those of Eupatorium.
Aster (starwort; aster) .- Shortii, Boott. Rich woods. Sagittifolius, Willd. Hillsides, etc., in woods. Multiflorus, Ait. Dry soil. Miser, L. Woods, fields, etc.
Erigeron .- Canadense, L. (horse-weed; butter-weed). Cultivated grounds; a common weed. Philadelphicum, L. (common fleabane). Damp grounds. Annuum, Pers. (daisy fleabane ; sweet scabious.) Low grounds. Strigosum, Muhl. (daisy fleabane). Fields and prairies.
Boltonia (boltonia) .- Gastifolia, L'Her. Low grounds.
. Solidago (golden-rod) .- Latifolia, L. Rich woods. Rigida. Prairies. Rid- dellii, Frank. Wet grounds. Altissima, L. Copses, borders of fields, etc. Ulmi- folia, Muhl. Banks of streams, etc., in woods. Canadensis, L. Fields, borders of woods, etc .; common.
Silphium .- Laciniatum, L. (rosin-weed; compass plant). Prairies. Terebin- thinaceum, L. (prairie-dock). Prairies. Integrifolium, Michx. Prairies. Per- foliatum, L. (cup-plant). Rich alluvial soil.
Parthenium (parthenium) .- Integrifolium, L. Prairies.
Ambrosia .- Trifida, L. (great ragweed). Fields ; common. Artemisiæfolia, L. (hog-weed). Fields, waste places, etc .; common.
Xanthium. - Strumarium, L. (cocklebur). Fields, banks of streams, etc .; a troublesome weed.
Eclipta (eclipta) .- Procumbens, Michx. Banks of Sangamon.
Heliopsis .- Lævis, Pers. (ox-eye). Banks and copses.
Echinacea .- Purpurea, Mænch (purple cone-flower). Prairies.
Rudbeckia (cone-flower) .- Laciniata, L. Damp woods, along streams, etc. Subtomentosa, Pursh. Prairies. Triloba, L. Dry soil. Hista, L. Dry soil.
Lepachys (lepachys) .- Pinnata, T. & G. Prairies.
Helianthus (sunflower) .- Rigidus, Desf. Prairies. Mollis, Lam. Prairies. Divaricatus, L. Dry woods. Hirsutus, Raf. Dry open grounds. Tracheliifolius, Willd. Woods. Decapetalus, L. Woods.
Actinomeris (actinomeris). - Squarrosa, Nutt. Woods. Helianthoides, Nutt. Prairies.
Coreopsis (tickseed) .- Palmata, Nutt. Prairies. Tripteris, L. (tall coreopsis.
Bidens .- Frondosa, L. (common beggar-ticks). Low grounds and waste places. Connata, Muhl. (swamp beggar-ticks). Low grounds, banks of streams, etc.
Dysodia (fetid marigold). Chrysanthemoides, Lag. Roadsides and waste places.
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FLORA OF PIATT COUNTY. 109
Helenium .- Autumnale, L. (sneeze-weed). Low grounds.
Maruta .- Cotula, DC. (May-weed). Roadsides ; very common.
Achillea .- Millefolium, L. (yarrow; milfoil). Prairies.
Antennaria .- Plantaginifolia, Hook. (plaintain-leaved everlasting). Dry woods and open grounds.
Erechthites .- Hieracifolia, Raf. (fireweed). Woods, etc.
Cacalia .- Tuberosa, Nntt. (Indian plantain). Damp prairies.
Senecio .- Aureus, L. (golden ragwort; squaw-weed). Wet grounds.
Cirsium (thistle) .- Lanceolatum, Scop. (common thistle). Roadsides and open grounds. Discolor, Spreng. Meadows and copses. Altissimum, Spreng. Fields and copses.
Lappa (burdock) .- Officinalis, All. var. major. Waste places; common.
Cynthia .- Virginica, Don. Banks of Sangamon.
Taraxacum .- Dens-leonis, Raf. (dandelion). Fields, roadsides, etc .; common. Lactuca .- Canadensis, L. (wild lettuce). Rich soil, borders of fields, etc.
Mulgedium .- Floridanum, DC. Rich soil.
Lobeliaceæ-Lobelia family.
Lobelia .- Cardinalis, L. (cardinal flower). Wet ground. Syphilitica, L. (great lobelia). Wet ground. Inflata, L. (Indian tobacco). Woods.
Campanulaceæ-Campanula family.
Campanula .- Americana, L. (tall bellflower). Woods and thickets.
Specularia (Venus' looking-glass) .- Perfoliata, A. DC. Dry open grounds.
Ebenaceæ-Ebony family.
Diospyros,-Virginiana, L. (persimmon). Reported to grow in the vicinity of Lake Fork.
Plantaginaceæ-Plantain family.
Plantago .- Major, L. (common plantain). Waste places ; common.
Primulaceæ-Primrose family.
Dodecathcon .- Meadia, L. (American cowslip ; shooting-star). Prairies; a fine plant for cultivation.
Lysimachia (loosestrife) .- Ciliata, L. Low grounds. Lanceolata, Walt. Shaded or low grounds. Longifolia, Pursh. Low grounds.
Bignoniaceæ-Bignonia family.
Tecoma .- Radicans, Juss. (trumpet creeper). Black Ash swamp.
Orobanchaceæ-Broom-rape family.
Aphyllon .- Uniflorum, T. & G. (one-flowered cancer-root). Woods and prairies, rare; a curious little root-parasite without leaves and bearing single flowers on scapes.
Scrophulariaceæ-Figwort family. In this family the corolla is almost always irregular, and usually two-lipped. In a few cases there are five perfect stamens, but in the rest there are four in pairs, or only two ; the remainder of the five are often represented by rudiments. In pentstemon there are four perfect stamens and a hairy filament lying in the tube of the corolla like a tongue, whence it is called beard-
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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY. 1
tongue. The ovary is two-celled, and contains many seeds. The genus gerardia contains some root-parasites, which turn black in drying. The snapdragon and foxglove are cultivated plants of this family.
Verbascum .- Thapsus, L. (common mullein). Roadsides and fields ; common. Scrophularia .- Nodosa, L. (figwort). Woods.
Pentstemon (beard-tongue) .- Pubescens, Solander. Dry banks. Digitalis, Nutt. Damp grounds.
Mimulus (monkey-flower) .- Ringens, L. Banks of streams.
Conobea .- Multifida, Benth. Sandy soil and banks of streams.
Ilysanthes .- Gratioloides, Benth (false pimpernel). Wet places.
Veronica .- Virginica, L. (Culver's-root ; Culver's physic). Woods. Peregrina, L. (neckweed ; purslane speedwell). A common weed in cultivated fields. Arvensis, L. (corn speedwell). Fields and waysides.
Gerardia .- Purpurea, L. (purple gerardia). Low grounds. Tennifolia, Vald. (slender gerardia). Hillsides, etc., in open woods. Grandiflora, Benth. Borders of woods. Auriculata, Michx. Moist prairies.
Acanthaceæ-Acanthus family.
Ruellia .- Ciliosa, Pursh. Dry prairies. Strepens, L. Rich woods.
Verbenaceæ-Vervain family.
Verbena .- Hastata, L. (blue vervain). Low ground. Urticifolia, L. (nettle- leaved or white vervain). Roadsides. Stricta, Vent. (hoary vervain). Dry roadsides. Bracteosa, Michx. (bracted vervain). Same as the preceding, but less frequent.
Lippia .- Lanceolata, Michx. Wet grounds, margins of ponds, etc.
Phryma .- Leptostachya, L. (lopseed). Rich woods. After flowering, the fruit is turned downward and pressed close to the stem.
Labiata - Mint family. Plants in this family have square stems and opposite leaves. The flowers have a two-lipped corolla and four stamens in pairs, or only two. The fruit consists of four little seed- like nutlets surrounding the base of the two-cleft style. The leaves are usually dotted with small glands containing the oil which gives the mints their aromatic odor. The various mints, sage, catnip, horehound, belong to this family.
Teucrium .- Canadense, L. American Germander. Low grounds.
Mentha .- Canadensis, L. Wild mint. Low grounds.
Lycopus (water horehound) .- Europæus, L. Var. integrifolius, Gray. Wet grounds. Var. sinuatus, Gray. Wet grounds.
Pycnanthemum (mountain mint, basil) .- Pilosum, Nutt. Dry woods. Lanceo -. latum, Pursh. Woods and open ground. Linifolium, Pursh. With the last.
Hedeoma .- Pugelioides, Pers. (American pennyroyal). Dry woods.
Monarda .- Fistulosa, L. (wild bergamot).
Blephilia (blephilia) .- Hirsuta, Benth. Rich woods.
Lophanthus (giant hyssop) .- Nepetoides, Benth. Borders of woods, scroph- ulariæfolius, Benth. Same as the last.
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FLORA OF PIATT COUNTY.
Nepeta .- Cataria, L. (catnip). Roadsides and fence corners near dwellings. Physostegia .- Virginica, Benth. (false dragon-head). Moist prairies.
Brunella .- Vulgaris, L. (common self-heal or heal-all). Woods and open ground.
Scutellaria (skullcap) .- Versicolor, Nutt. Rich woods. Parvula, Michx. Dry soil. Lateriflora, L. Wet places.
Stachys .- Palustris, L. (hedge-nettle).
Leonurus .- Cardiaca, L, (motherwort). Fence corners and waste places.
. Borraginaceæ-Borage family.
Lithospermum .- Latifolium, Michx. Woods. Canescens, Lehm. (hoary puc- coon ; alkanet). Dry prairies.
Mertensia .- Virginica, DC. (Virginian cowslip ; lungwort). Woods.
Myosotis .- Verna, Nutt. (scorpion-grass ; forget-me not). Dry hills.
Cynoglossum .- Officinale, L. Woods and roadsides in open ground. Morisoni, DC. Woods.
Hydrophyllaceæ -Waterleaf family.
Hydrophyllum (waterleaf) .- Virginicum, L. Rich woods. Appendicula- tum, Michx. Rich woods.
Ellisia (ellisia) .- Nvctelea, L. Fields and open woods.
Polemoniaccæ -- Polemonium family.
Phlox (phlox) .- Maculata, L. (wild sweet-william). Rich shady grounds and woods. Pilosa, L. Prairies. Divaricata, L. Rich woods.
Convolvulaceæ-Convolvulus family.
Ipomoea .- Purpurea, Lam. (common morning-glory). Escaped from cultiva- tion, sometimes becoming a troublesome weed in fields. Pandurata, Meyer. (wild potato-vine ; man-of-the-earth). River banks.
Calystegia .- Sepium, R. Br. (hedge bindweed). Low grounds.
Cuscuta (dodder.)-Glomerata, Choisy. A leafless yellow-stemmed vine, parasitic on various plants in moist prairies and producing dense clusters of small white flowers.
Solanaceæ-Nightshade family.
Solanum .- Nigrum, L. (common nightshade). Waste places. Carolinense, L· (horse-nettle). Sandy soil.
Physalis .- Viscosa, L. Dry soil. Pennsylvanica, L. Dry soil.
Datura .- Stramonium, L. (common stramonium ; thorn-apple). Waste places. Tatula, L. (purple-thorn apple). Waste places.
Apocynacæ -Dogbane family.
Apocynum .- Androsæmifolium, L. (spreading dogbane). Borders of woods. Cannabinum, L. (Indian hemp). Open grounds and banks of streams.
Asclepiadaceæ -Milkweed family. Plants of this family have a milky juice, but many other plants have the same ; among them are those of the preceding family, most of the Spurge family, and the sub- family Compositæ, to which the dandelion belongs.
Asclepias .- Cornuti, Decaisne (common milkweed). Rich ground. Sulli- vantii, Engelm. Low grounds. Phytolaccoides, Purslı. (poke milkweed). Rich
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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.
woods and copses). Incarnata, L. (swamp milkweed). Wet grounds. Tuberosa, L. (butterfly-weed; pleurisy-root). Dry hills and fields.
Acerates .- Longifolia, Ell. (green inilkweed). Moist prairies. .
Oleaceæ-Olive family.
Fraxinus .- Americana, L. (white ash). Moist woods. Viridis, Michx., f. (green ash). Woods near streams. Sambucifolia, Lam. (black ash). Black Ash swamp.
Aristolochiaceæ - Birthiwort family.
Asarum .- Canadense, L. (asarabacca; wild ginger). Hillsides in rich woods:
Chenopodiaceæ - Goosefoot family.
Chenopodium .- Album, L. (lamb's quarters; pigweed). Cultivated grounds and waste places.
Amarantaceæ- Amaranth family.
Amarantus .- Retroflexus, L. (pigweed). Cultivated grounds; a common weed. Albus, L. Roadsides, etc.
Polygonaceæ-Buckwheat family.
Polygonum (knotweed) .- Pennsylvanicum, L. Rich, damp soil. Acre, H. B. K. (water smartweed). Low grounds. Amphibium, L. (water persicaria). Ponds and wet places. Virginianum, L. Rich woods. Aviculare, L. (knotgrass; goose- grass ; doorweed). Door-yards ; waste places, etc. Var. erectum, Rotlı. With the typical form. Ramoisissimum, Michx. Waste places and banks of streams. Convolvulus, L. (black bindweed). Fields and waste grounds. Dumetorum, L. (climbing false buckwheat). Moist thickets.
Rumex .- Britannica, L. (pale dock). Low grounds. Verticillatus. L. (swamp dock). Water or wet places. Crispus, L. (curled dock). Low grounds and waste places. Obtusifolius, L. (bitter dock). Low grounds.
Lauraceæ -Laurel family,
Sassafras .- Officinale, Nees (sassafras). Rich woods.
Lindera .- Benzoin, Meissner (spice-bush). Reported to grow in this county.
Santalaceæ-Sandalwood family.
Comandra .- Umbellata, Nutt. (bastard toad-flax). Dry prairies.
Saururaceæ-Lizard's-tail family.
Saururus .- Cernuus, L. (lizard's-tail). Wet places and swamps.
Euphorbiaceæ-Spurge family. The principal genus is Euphorbia. In that genus, especially, the plants have a milky juice. The flowers have neither corolla nor calyx, and are collected in small clusters surrounded by an involucre, which often resembles a calyx. The stamens and pistils are in separate flowers ; each involucre incloses a number of staminate and one pistillate flowers. Staminate flowers have but a single stamen each ; pistillate flowers have a three-celled ovary which is often raised on a pedicel above the others in fruit. The cultivated " snow-on-the-mountain " is Euphorbia marginata, from the West.
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FLORA OF PIATT COUNTY.
Euphorbia (spurge) .- Maculata, L. Fields, roadsides, etc. Hypericifolia, L. Same as the last. Corollata, L. Open grounds and borders of woods. Obtusata, Pursh. Damp grounds.
Acalypha .- Virginica, L. (three-seeded mercury). Common in cultivated grounds and shady places.
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