USA > Illinois > Vermilion County > History of Vermilion County, together with historic notes on the Northwest, gleaned from early authors, old maps and manuscripts, private and official correspondence, and other authentic, though, for the most part, out-of-the-way sources > Part 39
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From this time on, the path of the 37th was away from its Ver- milion county comrades, the 25th, 35th, 79th, 125th Inf., 4th Cav., and the old 12th Reg., some of whom swung across the continent, via Chattanooga and Atlanta, to the sea. The 37th marched to the south ; it fought and beat the rebels at Yazoo City, joined in the campaign after Forrest from Memphis, and after chasing him out of Tennessee via Mississippi, returned and took part in the Red River campaign ; in the meantime bearing a light share in the fight near Morganzia Bend. From Duvall's Bluff the regiment was sent, via New Orleans, to Barrancas and Pollard ; thence to Mobile, and participated in the last great siege of the war, and in its last great battle: for Lee surrendered at 10 o'clock A.M., and at 5.45 P.M. of the same day the federal troops assaulted and captured the Blakeley batteries. The time occupied from the firing of the first gun until they were in possession was ten minutes ; the loss was six hundred men on the Union side ; captured, three thousand prison-
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ers, forty-two cannons and the city of Mobile. In this charge the 37th was the extreme left regiment, and Co. K was the extreme left of the entire line, which advancing in a semicircle, struck the rebel works almost at the same instant along the whole front, the right and left being a little in the advance. After this engagement the 37th was removed to the Department of Texas, where it remained until August, 1866, being among the last of the United States vol- unteers discharged from service.
The 37th veteranized in 1864. It was in the service five years from the time of recruiting; it marched and moved four times from Lake Michigan to the gulf; it moved on foot nearly six thousand miles, and journeyed by water and land conveyance nearly ten thou- sand miles more ; it bore its part in thirteen battles and skirmishes, and two great sieges. The survivors of Co. K are in Oregon, Cali- fornia, Texas, Missouri and Illinois. They, like the vast mass of their fellow volunteer soldiers, are, most of them, respected and useful citizens. May their age grow green and be honorable, and their days full of prosperity, is the wish of the chronicler.
SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.
CONTRIBUTED BY W. H. NEWLIN AND W. R. LAWRENCE.
Under the call of the President for three hundred thousand vol- unteers, July 6, 1862, Illinois was required to furnish nine regiments. Upon this call the 73d regiment was organized, of which companies C and E were from Vermilion county. Six days after the call, Pat- terson McNutt, Mark D. Hawes and Richard N. Davis began to recruit a company of infantry in and about Georgetown, and, soon after, Wilson Burroughs, Charles Tilton and David Blosser com- menced raising a company near Fairmount. McNutt's company, consisting of eighty-five men, were assembled on the 23d at George- town, where they were sworn in by 'Squire John Newlin. After this ceremony, McNutt, Hawes and Davis were elected captain, first and second lieutenant, respectively. The next day the men went to the Y, the present site of Tilton, where they were furnished trans- portation to Camp Butler, arriving there the next morning. With the exception of a few squads, this was the first company in this camp under that call. Early in August twenty-one recruits arrived from Georgetown, making the total number one hundred and six. About this time Capt. Burroughs, having organized his company,
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arrived with seventy men, which, being recruited from Capt. Mc- Nutt's company, made their complement.
The first military duty done at this camp was guarding about three thousand prisoners, who had been captured at Fort Donelson.
Toward the latter part of August steps were taken to organize the regiment, and this was accomplished on the 21st, the regiment numbering eight hundred and six men; James F. Jaques being chosen colonel, Benjamin F. Northcott, lieutenant-colonel ; Wm. A. Presson, major ; R. R. Randall, adjutant, and James S. Barger, chaplain. This has been known as the " preachers' regiment," on account of the fact that all of the principal officers were ministers of the gospel. The regiment was the second mustered into service under the call. Of this regiment McNutt's company was designated C, and was the color company, and Burroughs' company, E. On the 27th the regiment was ordered to the field, and, without arms, they were transported to Louisville.
The first camp was in the outskirts of Louisville, near the L. & N. R.R. depot. After awhile the regiment was armed, and in the early part of September the camp was moved to a point some four miles from the city, where a division was formed with the 73d and 100th Ill. and the 79th and 88th Ind. as one brigade, under the com- mand of Col. Kirk. While in this camp, great commotion was caused by the defeat of the Union troops at Richmond, Kentucky, and the division was ordered under arms, and made a rapid advance of near a day's march, when, meeting the retreating forces, they returned to camp.
About the middle of September the 73d was sent to Cincinnati, to assist in defending it against the threatened attack of Kirby Smith. The regiment returned to Louisville in the latter part of September. A reorganization of the army now caused the 73d to be brigaded with the 44th Ill. and the 2d and 15th Mo., making a part of the division under Gen. Phil Sheridan. On the 1st day of October the army of one hundred thousand, under Gen. Buell, moved from Louisville to meet Gen. Bragg, who with Kirby Smith was over- running the country in that vicinity. The weather was very hot and dry, and here the experience of all new regiments, of disposing of superfluous accoutrements such as overcoats, knapsacks, etc., began, and the line of march was strewed with a variety of handy, though dispensable articles. On the 8th Sheridan's division neared Doctor's Fork, a fine stream of water near Perryville. The Union soldiers were anxious to reach this point, and the rebels were determined to check their advance, and, from a skirmish, this grew to be a desper-
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ate battle. Through some blunder the 73d was advanced nearly a quarter of a mile in front of the main line, up to the very jaws of a rebel battery, and near the columns of the main rebel infantry. In the nick of time it was ordered to fall back, and the rebel battery immediately opening upon them, they obeyed with alacrity, and gained the main line without serious loss. In the fight that ensued the 73d was in the front line. Co. C had in this fight about seventy men engaged, of whom John J. Halstead, Zimri Lewis, Josiah Cooper, James E. Moore, Samnel Boen, John S. Long, F. M. Stevens and D. W. Doops were wounded, Cooper and Lewis subse- quently dying of their wounds. In Co. E, John Murdock lost his life, and J. M. Dougherty and John L. Moore were dangerously wounded.
From here the army was marched to Nashville, which place was reached on the 7th of November, and the army went into camp. By this time Gen. Buell had been succeeded by Gen. Rosecrans. The campaign through Kentucky and part of Tennessee, though but of five weeks' duration, was an eventful one to the new troops. It had been almost a continual round of marching, counter-march- ing, skirmishing and fighting through a rough country that had already been stripped of almost everything in the shape of forage. This sudden baptism into the rugged experiences of war told sadly upon many whose lives had been passed in the quiet scenes of the village or farm. During the six weeks' encampment at Nashville and Mill Creek, eleven men of Co. C died and thirteen were dis- charged for disability ; and of Co. E, ten died and ten were discharged for disability. Hawes and Davis, of Co. C, resigned on account of sickness, and T. D. Kyger and W. R. Lawrence were promoted to the vacancies. Lieut. Blosser, of Co. E, resigned, and one Presson was promoted from another company to fill the vacancy. Less than three months had elapsed, and the two companies had lost fifty-four men.
On the 26th of December the camp at Mill Creek was broken, and the march for Murfreesboro' was begun in further pursuit of Bragg, who had greatly reinforced his army. On the 30th the vicinity of Murfreesboro' was reached, and almost immediately skir- mishing began. This was a most hotly contested field, in which, however, the Federal troops proved victorious. The 73d lost in this severely, and the two companies from Vermilion were sufferers, John Dye and James Yoho being killed, Lieut. Lawrence and Daniel Laycott taken prisoner, and George Pierce severely wounded. Rosecrans was proud of this victory and of the men under his com-
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mand, and made a special order providing for a roll of honor, to be composed of one name from every company. to be selected by the members of the company. Co. C selected Sergt. Wm. H. Newlin.
In June our regiment came in contact with the rebels at a point near Fairfield, and Alexander Nicholson, of Co. C, was wounded. In August. Capt. McNutt resigned, and Lieut. Kyger was promoted captain. Second Lieut. Lawrence to first lieutenant, and David A. Smith succeeded to the second lieutenancy. Lieut. Lawrence had returned in May after a five months' absence in Libby Prison.
On the 10th of September the army again advanced toward Chat- tanooga, to dislodge Bragg from that position. In the many engage- ments in the vicinity of Chattanooga the 73d took active part, but in the one at Crawfish Springs, on the 20th of September, the bri- gade to which the 73d belonged played a most important part, and displayed a degree of bravery seldom equaled ; contending with and holding in check the massed columns of the rebels at a most critical moment. Cos. E and C suffered severely. . Sergt. John Lewis, of C, and color bearer, fell, but held the flag aloft. It was taken by Corp. Austin Henderson, of Co. C, but he carried it only a few steps, when he was wounded. Each of the color-guard, who took the flag, was either almost instantly killed or wounded. In this engagement at least a fourth of the brigade had been left on the field, either dead, wounded or prisoners. Lieut. D. A. Smith, Artemus Terrell and Enoch Smith, of Co. C, were killed. Lieut. Lawrence, Sergts. John Lewis and Wm. Sheets, Corp. Henderson, privates John Burk, Samuel Hewit, John Bostwick, Henderson Goodwine and H. C. Henderson were wounded. Sergt. W. H. Newlin, Enoch Brown, W. F. Ellis and John Thornton were taken prisoners. All of these prisoners, except Newlin, died at Anderson- ville prison .* Newlin was taken to Danville. Virginia, and about six months later made his escape to the Union lines. Of those of Co. C who went into this battle, more than one-third were killed, wounded or captured. Co. E lost Wm. C. McCoy, killed, and H. Neville, wounded. The activity of battle was not the only hard- ship our heroes had to bear, for at this time, on account of scarcity of rations, and the long continued foraging by both armies on the surrounding country, the soldiers were not only often hungry but in many cases half starved. On the 24th of October Lieut. Lawrence resigned, leaving Capt. Kyger the only commissioned officer in the company.
* Sergt. Newlin, some years ago, published a very interesting narrative of his escape.
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In November the fights of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge took place, and as usual the 73d was in front. The flag of the 73d again fell from the hands of the new color-bearer Harty, to be snatched up by Kyger, and by him and Harty, who had risen, was one of the first planted on the heights of the mountain. In this engagement Stephen Newlin aud Nathaniel Henderson, of Co. C, and Wm. Hickman, of E, were wounded. In March the 73d marched to Cleveland, Tenn., where it remained in camp until called into the Atlanta campaign. The movement of Sherman's army on the mem- orable campaign began with the month of May, 1864, and that part to which the 73d belonged broke camp at Cleveland on the 3d of that month. It is safe to say that from this date until Sep- tember 4, the 73d was under fire eight days out of ten, Sundays not excepted. It was a continuous fight from Caloosa Springs to Lovejoy Station. During the Atlanta campaign, and until the end of the war, the 73d was in the 1st brigade 2d division and 4th Army Corps. In the battles of Buzzard Roost, Dalton and Resaca, the regiment was engaged and suffered some loss. At Burnt Hickory, Dallas and New Hope Church, the regiment was also engaged. The actions at Big Shanty Pine and Lost Mountains, brought the regi- ment by the middle of June in full view of Kenesaw Mountain. The enemy's works at this place were very strong, and well-nigh im- pregnable ; but when the order came to advance and take them, the lines swept forward and occupied them with comparative case, but just as the federal soldiers were fairly in possession, the rebels were strongly reinforced, and the Union forces, embracing the 73d, fell back to their original position. In this engagement, though this regiment was in the line of the heaviest firing, but being on the lowest part of the ground, the shots from the enemy passed harmlessly over their heads. On the 17th of July the regiment crossed the Chattahoochee River, and on the 20th was engaged in the battle of Peach Tree Creek. In this battle the 73d occupied a very dangerous position, and did most splendid execution, having but one man killed and a dozen slightly wounded. Shortly after this the army had settled down in front of Atlanta. After the capture of Atlanta, a siege of six weeks, the army marched toward Chattanooga, arriving there about the 20th of September. From Chattanooga the line of march lay through Huntsville and Linnville, arriving in due time at Pulaski, where the skirmishers began to come in contact with those of Hood's army. In the vicinity of Columbia the 73d took an active part, in one instance sustaining the shock of cavalry. This was about the 24th to 28th of November.
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All the way to Columbia, whither the Union forces were retiring, followed closely by Hood and his army, there was continual fight- ing, in which the 73d was almost constantly engaged. This was the last stand of any consequence made by the rebels in Tennessee. It was an obstinately contested field, and seemed to be the destruc- tion of the last hope of the rebels to maintain their cause in this part of the country. The hardships endured by Thomas' army in the last few days of this struggle were extreme, but not more so in .the actual conflict than in the forced marches, hunger and loss of sleep ; and to accord equal bravery and endurance to the 73d, is only to repeat what has already been written by some of the most critical historians of the country. A few days later the regiment made, in the assault on the enemy at Harpeth Hill, in the vicinity of Nashville, their last charge, which proved to be one of the most splendid in their experience. As if indicating that the 73d had reaped sufficient glory, the remnants of the rebel army withdrew from Tennessee, and left our heroes in possession of the state and twelve or fifteen thousand prisoners.
The Union army marched now to Huntsville, Alabama, arriving there on the 5th of January, 1865 ; the 73d remaining here until the 28th of March, at which time it left by railroad for East Ten- nessee. While encamped near Blue Springs the war closed, and the regiment was ordered to Nashville, where, on the 12th of June, it was mustered out, and in a few days started for Springfield, going on the same train with the 79th Ill. Two trains conveyed the 73d as it was going to the theater of war; the war over, one train, no larger than either of the two mentioned, conveyed both the regiments from Nashville to Springfield, indicating that the hardships of army life had dealt severely with their ranks. At Springfield the boys received their final pay and discharges, and dispersed to their several homes, having been absent from the county within a few days of three years. The heroic dead of this regiment, whose absence was most notable on the home trip, lie buried, some in graves dug by friendly hands; but were tombstones erected for those whose bodies were hastily pushed into the unwelcome soil of Kentucky and Tennessee, they would almost be equivalent to the milestones to mark the road of the army through the country, which they fought to retain in the Union. Twenty-six men of the 73d were made prisoners, and of these sixteen died of hunger and ill-treatment. Of the keepers of these last, as did Jefferson on the subject of slavery, so say we: "We tremble " for them, "when we
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consider that God is just, and that his vengeance will not sleep forever."
THIRTY-FIFTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS INFANTRY.
This regiment, nearly five companies of which were from Ver- milion county, was organized at Decatur on the 3d of July, 1861, and was one of the very first to go forward to defend the country from the rebel hordes who were not only threatening the life of the nation, but whose grasp seemed to be already encircling it.
Companies D, E, F and I were almost wholly from this county, and also a large number of Co. A, the last named being under the command of Capt. Philip D. Hammond, of Danville. Co. D was raised in Catlin, and had for its officers William R. Timmons, eap- tain ; U. J. Fox, first lieutenant, and Josiah Timmons, second lieu- tenant. Co. E was officered by William L. Oliver, L. J. Eyman, and George C. Maxon, captain, first and second lieutenants, respect- ively. This company was raised in the townships of Georgetown and Carroll. Co. F was a Danville company, and had for captain, A. C. Keys; first lieutenant, John Q. A. Luddington, and second lieutenant, J. M. Sinks. Co. I was raised in the vicinity of Catlin and Fairmount. Of this company, A. B. B. Lewis was elected cap- tain; Joseph Truax, first, and Joseph F. Clise, second lieutenant.
In the organization, of the regiment, W. P. Chandler, of Dan- ville, was elected lieutenant-colonel ; and, by the disabling of Col. Smith at the battle of Pea Ridge, Col. Chandler was put in command, and was afterward promoted to the office.
On the 23d of July the regiment was accepted as Colonel G. A. Smith's Independent Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, and on the 4th of August left Decatur for the theatre of war. The regiment arrived at Jefferson barracks, Missouri, the next day, where it re- mained one week, and then removed to Marine Hospital, St. Louis, where it was mustered into service. On the 5th of September it was transported by rail to Jefferson City, Missouri, and from thence, on the 15th of October, to Sedalia, to join Gen. Sigel's advance on Springfield, arriving at that point on the 26th of October. From November 13 to 19 the regiment was on the march from Springfield to Rolla. From January 24, 1862, the army to which the 35th was attached was in pursuit of Gen. Price, and here our regiment began to experience a taste of real war. At the memorable battle of Pea Ridge the regiment took active part, and lost in killed and wounded a number of its bravest men, among the wounded being Col. Smith. At the siege of Corinth the regiment took an impor-
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tant part, and was at that place upon its evacuation on the 30th of May. At Perryville and Stone River the regiment was also en- gaged. at the latter place losing heavily in killed and wounded. This was during the first three days of January, 1863. The regi- ment was the first on the south side of the Tennessee River, crossing that stream on the 28th of August. At the battle of Chickamauga, September 20, the regiment was engaged, and again suffered severely. By the 22d of September the regiment was at Chattanooga.
In the battle of Mission Ridge. on November 23-5, the regiment was placed in a most dangerous and important position, being in the front line, and displayed great valor and coolness, being led to within twenty steps of the rebel works on the crest of the hill. In the assault all of the color-guard were shot down, and Col. Chand- ler carried the flag into the enemy's works, followed by his men. By December 7 the regiment was at Knoxville, from which point it was sent on various important and dangerous expeditions. The regiment was assigned to duty next in the Atlanta campaign, and to recount all of the incidents, skirmishes and fights in which the 35th took part would be only to repeat what has been said over and over in regard to other regiments. The reader will simply turn to the story as related elsewhere, and appropriate it here. Suffice it to say that at Rocky Face. Resaca. Dallas, Mud Creek and Kennesaw the regiment was fully tested in coolness and bravery, and never disappointed its commanders. On the 31st of August the regiment started to Springfield, Illinois, where it was mustered out on the 27th of September. 1864.
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT.
CONTRIBUTED BY COL. WILLIAM MANN.
The 125th Reg. Ill. Vol. was raised under the call by President Lincoln, and was organized and mustered into the service of the United States on the 3d of September. 1862. at Danville, Illinois. It was composed of seven companies (A, B, C, D. G, I. K) from Vermilion, and three companies (E, F and H) from Champaign.
The regiment was organized by the selection of the following officers: Oscar F. Harmon, Danville, colonel; James W. Langley, Champaign. lieutenant-colonel; John B. Lee, Catlin, major; Wm. Mann, Danville, adjutant; Levi W. Sanders, chaplain, and John McElroy, surgeon. The principal officers of Co. A, as organized, were: Clark Ralston, captain ; Jackson Charles, first lieutenant, and Harrison Low, second lieutenant. Of Co. B, Robert Steward was
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captain ; William R. Wilson, first, and S. D. Conover, second lieu- tenant. Of Co. C, William W. Fellows was captain; Alexander Pollock, first lieutenant, and James D. New, second. Co. D had for captain, George W. Galloway; James B. Stevens, first, and John L. Jones, second lientenant. John HI. Gass was captain of Co. G, Ephraim S. Howells, first, and Josiah Lee, second lieutenant. Co. I was officered by Levin Vinson, John E. Vinson and Stephen Brothers as captain, first and second lieutenants, respectively. The officers of Co. K were: George W. Cook, captain; Oliver P. Hunt, first lieutenant, and Joseph F. Crosby, second.
Immediately on its being received into the service, it was sent to Cincinnati, where it was placed in the fortifications around Covington, Kentucky, but was in a few days sent to Lonisville, Kentucky, which at that time was threatened by Bragg, and up- on his retreat was connected with the pursuing forces, and received its " baptism of fire " at the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, assist- ing in driving the rebel army out of the state. After the battle above named it took up the line of march for Nashville, Tennessee, which will long be remembered by its members as being the most severe campaign of their service, owing to their inexperience in such duties, and many of the regiment contracted diseases that resulted in death or complete disability. During the winter following the regiment did duty in the fortifications, and on patrol and picket service in and around the city. Owing to the ignorance of camp life and the scar- city of supplies, this period was more disastrons to the organization than any of its subsequent battles. Severe picket duty, tiresome drills, and the dull routine of camp life, made up the sum of the . regiment's duties until they were ordered to report to Gen. Rose- crans, who was about to take up the gauntlet thrown down by Bragg at Chattanooga.
Proceeding by a circuitous ronte through western Tennessee and northern Alabama, driving the enemy at Rome and other minor points, the brigade to which the regiment belonged, then connected with Gen. Gordon Granger's Reserve Corps, the command found it- self in position in front of the enemy on the eve of what proved to be a disastrous battle to the federal forces, the day of Chickamauga. In that battle the 125th took a prominent part, by defending and holding positions of importance. On the retirement of Rosecrans to Chattanooga after his comparative defeat, the brigade, then con- manded by Col. Dan. McCook, was placed to defend Rossville Gap, an important pass, while Gen. Thomas collected the remnants of the army, to resist the farther advance of the victorious foe. In the E
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defense of this important position the regiment was under a severe fire, and met with loss; but held its ground through the day, and checked the enemy in its front. After nightfall it was ordered to retire, and was among the last to leave the field, marching to Chat- tanooga, where it took part within the fortifications, and awaited the approach of the enemy. Here it remained until it was determined that Bragg did not intend to push his successes farther, when the regiment was sent to a point up the Tennessee River known as "Caldwell's Ford," at the mouth of Chickamauga Creek. Here it experienced an incident which was one of the most startling and try- ing of its career. The camp was pitched about one half mile back from the river, on the hillside, an exposed position, but rendered necessary by the nature of the ground. On the opposite side of the river was a rebel picket post, and a hill of some dimensions. The opportunity to attack was deemed so favorable by the rebels, that, on the night of the 16th of November, 1863, they placed a heavy battery of eight guns in position, and at the break of day opened fire on the camp. The bursting of shells and the crack of solid shot through the tents was the first sound heard by the command in the morning. It was truly a grand reveille, and certainly the men never responded more quickly than they did on that memorable morning to roll-call. Amid the thunder of the rebel guns, and the quick and gallant response of our own battery (two guns placed to assist the regiment), the command was formed in line of battle, ex- pecting the river to be crossed and the camp attacked. The execu- tion of our guns, however, soon informed the enemy that they had undertaken a difficult task, and, as was afterward learned, finding that they were experiencing loss, retired. The only loss sustained by the regiment was the death of the chaplain, Levi W. Sanders, who was struck by a round shot in the head and instantly killed.
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