USA > Illinois > Washington County > History of Washington County, Illinois > Part 6
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.No. of Fat Hogs Sold ...
No. of Fat Sheep Sold ..
No. Hogs & Pigs died Cholera
Town. 1 N., R. 3 W
1000
4455
1775
110 3759
10 335 215
35 19381 9705
1700 3445
580 300
5214
1379 653
1781
34 91
1035 619
8795 5209
..... 328
478
77
658
Town. 2 8., R. 1 W
38216
36819
21761
5899
862
470
.....
558
40
6000
294
159
Town. 1 N. & 8., R. 2 W
49797
108009
48530
50
10
4310
95
9600
1708
2955
89
10
147
Town. 2 S., R. 3 W
38431
65627
32845
475
467
22
6953
12096
335
652
227
1588
759
473
31
945
2290
39
122
92
97
15
898
Town. 2 S., R. 5 W ..
25442
81314
42340
70
3960
310
10507
.... 315 30
100
106 154
712
15
20
373
460
3
21
4
51
Totals.
413556 797429
384299 3044
402614
2614
49784
6674
500 8132
4384
10016
516
10973
462 10489
43887
1254
2127
536 . 10115
Assessment of the Principal Articles of Personal Property of Washington County, Illinois, for the Year 1878.
TOWNSHIPS.
Horses.
Cattle.
Mules and Asses.
Sheep.
Hogs .
Safes. Engines Burger Includ'g Proof Boilers.
Other Tables.
Carriages and W'agons.
Watches andt Clocks.
Sewing and Knitting Machines.
Furtes.
Piano- Melodeons ch'ndise and Organs. on Hand.
Articles.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No. Valuc.
No.
Value
No. Valuc .: N.
Val. N.t Va. N .; Val
No. 'Value.
No Value
No.
Value. N. Val. No. Val.
Value.
Value.
Town. 1 N., R. 1, 2 and 3 W ..
233 $7,385
394 $4 207
98
1,472 142 $143
503 $576
123 $1.702
86: $100;
23
$238
1 $50
$ ......
Town. 18., R. 1 W ..
376
11,565
680 6 768
20
6,390! 286
285
980 1.028 5 1.300
1 15
213 2,825
161 236
84
1,002 1 50
9 245
1.000
180
Town, 2 8., R. 1 W
557
16,339
724
7.571|
254
8,201 406
437
1,270
1.343 6 1,000
6 185
30
822 5.044
330 591
192
1,702 24 1,580
39 1,020, 21.461
2,591
Town. 1 8., R. 2 W
441
783
8,451
176
5,548'
354
377
780
7911
15
3,761
207
310
93 1,027
5 320
12
326
4,320
350
Town. 2 8., R. 2 W
251
8 475
363 3,719
131
3,895
187
181
516
576 2
250
121
1,920
110:
121
46
456 ...
6
205
Town. 3 8,, R. 2 W ..
359
8,300
425 4.756
103
2,508
162
162
854 1,029
1
159
2,573
2.198
113
130
30
312' ... |
60
35 1,345 37,670
5,800
Town. 3 8., R. 3 W.
391
11,535
702 6,081
157
5,310
340
310
876
811| 1
75
16€
1 698
113
154
55
539
863 3
325
2
95
9,175
870
Town. 2 8., R. 4 W.
323
9,770
335 3,216
451 5,057
191
3,185
437
440 110
30:
380
3 1.400
15
88
1,610
73
168
41
443 2
125
1
20
1,505
175
Town. 2 8., R. 5 W.
297
10.680
390
5,595
193
6,655
2.720 155
153
199
208
128
1.487
81
87
38
282
3
200
2
40
400
....
.. 5,194 161,143 7,810 85,189 2142 67,519 4064 4,147 10,290 11,454 35 6,545 27 840 11 295 3,267 44,276 2,591 4,497 1,232 12,987 81 5,640 135 4 356 84,336
ASSESSMENT OF REAL ESTATE OF WASHINGTON CO., FOR THE YEAR 1878.
Manufacturers' Tools, Implements, Machinery, &c ....
$1,100
Agricultural Tools, Implements and Machinery.
53,796
Gold or Silver Plate or Plated Ware ...
105
Moneys of Bank, Banker or Stock Jobbers.
4,020
Credits of Bank, Banker or Stock Jobber.
300
Moneys other than of Bank, Banker, &o ..
43,785
Bonds or Stocks ....
1,800
Shares of Capital Stock of Companies, &c.
1,000
Property of Saloons and Eating Houses
1,440
Household and Office Furniture .
76,589
Investments in Real Estate and Improvements thereon ...
100
All other Property not otherwise Listed ..
4,006
MANUFACTORIES OF WASHINGTON CO., FROM CENSUS, 1870.
BUSINESS.
Hands Employed
15
$3,475
$2,338
$4.440,
$10,770
Carriage and Wagon
13
33
11,975
5,420
8,820
31,140
Cooperage
8
59
27,950 26.700
46,677
91,970
Mills
14 107: 483,000
9,500
4 200
11,950
25,500
Saddlery and Harness Manuf y
9:
15
9,300
1 400
10,520;
19,000
Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron "
4
10
9,700
2,240
13,270
25,300
Woolen Goods
1
10
800
3,120
8,550
12,800
50'
159
8.465
1.410
9.875
Town. 2 8., R. 1 W.
16.344
5,647
186,836
22,857
200,693
324 1,238
65.320
10,250
75,570
Town. 3 S., R. 1 W.
7,283 11,793
57,613
29,866
87,4791
80. 962
9.865
5,605
15,560
Town. 1 8., R. 2 W.
22.847
315,667
2,395
318,062
53
13,175
1.400
14,665
Town. 2 8., R. 2 W.
12,332
9,372
143.475
30,305
173,780
32,940
67,875
1
75
110
130
240
Town. 1 S., R. 3 W.
15,086
6,014
193,598
18,30%
211,906
16
32
2,610
330
2.940
Town. 2 S., R. 3 W.
19,352
2,196
348,400
9.255
357,655
539
426
213,453'
16,375
229,830
Town. 3 8., R. 3 W.
11,158
8,574
110,799
22,459
133.258
246,968
102
380
19,880
3,270
23,150
Town. 2 8., R. 4 W.
11,201
12.894
142,217
35,998
178,215
29,203
163,036
78 286
12,345
1.215
9.0×5
Town. 2 S., R. 5 W.
19,687
3,172
317,000
10,005
327.185
20
51
7,870 3,955
520
4,475
Town. 3 8., R. 5 W
11,002 11,828
132,287
33,285
165,572
No. of Improved
Town Lots ........
No. of Unimprored
Cash Value of Im-
Cash Value of Unim-
all Town Lots .....
Total Cash Value of
Town. 1 N., R. 1, 2 & 3 W ...
11,119
6,286
$123,655
$18,275
$141,930
Town. 1 S., R. 1'W.
18,980
4.089
205,820
12,207
218,027
improved Land .....
all Lands ..........***
Total Cash Value of
5,050
209
212
833 1,010
1.
100 18 595 3 185
302 6,601
194
3.180
1,647
111
115
23
170.
837 1
25'
8
250
2,045
250
Town. 1 8., R. 5 W ...
97
2,445
209 2,089
621
1,715
120
396
402
659
671
4
..
1
10
197
3,117
177
281
101.
1,122
Town. 3 S., R. 5 W
240
6,910
275
3,162
59
2.920
246
251
301.
602
Town. 2 8., R. 3 W.
501
17,594
829
9.867
146
192
6,175
122
3,720
258
258
616
620
4
640
288
292.
6
730 2 45 ...:
143
2,302
128
152
79
425 31
215
11
370
2,495
.....
13,495
482
5,369
71
2,055
169
174
657
657.
20
157
2.611
132
253
44
20
303
1
50
10
Town. 1 S., R. 3 W ..
257
8,580
370
311
9,915
404 4,950
197
252
650
860; 2
250
2 20
Town. 3 8., R. 4 W.
290
10,190
35495
285
2429
25
5975
30
2961
......
3755
720
45
313
2432
886
43
1385
24
149
10
1309
3608
47
165
82
1290
Town. 3 8., R. 5 W.
14755
23851
13830
46
1092
674
3295
55
990
55
109
133
120
200
60
1106
664
565
59
815
1645 5211 787
19
98
6
454
Town. 1 8., R. 5 W.
917
24127
9675
100
989
80
2949
75
30
119 133
45
641
Town. 3 S., R. 3 W
30108
42405
27435
424
2825
Town. 1 S., R. 4 W ..
24290
90331
61162
30930
253
3019
Town. 3 S., R. 4 W
29009
50851
25404
25 91
6147
35361
146
1765 2127
641
78
16
Town. 1 8., R. 3 W
31935
57539
41
771
2233
30
99
33
80 658
Town. 3 8., R. 2 W
10228
20785
46
303
300
5.58
30
4
116
Town. 2 8., R. 2 W
35830
48007
15700
18
350
3255
133
149
19
424
1834
1005
16
132 970
1090
22
494
2480
63
4122
133
51
667 958
Town. 2 8., R. 4 W
21144
122
92
305
16
18
10
112
Town. 1 N. & 1 8., R. 1 W
50430
63090
31782
18
416
194
72
581
Town. 3 8., R. 1 W.
11968
19057
3
275
18
825
2610
217
242
100
390
505
484 3:28
469
.....
Total Assessed Value of all Real Estate in Washington County for the Year 1878.
.$3,557.831
Total Assessed Value of all Personal Property in Washington County for the Year 1878 ... 735,808
Grand Total of all Property, Real and Personal,
.. 4,243,039
TOTALS OF FOLLOWING ARTICLES IN COUNTY,
VALUE.
TOWNSHIPS.
Land ......
Acres of Improved
Land ........
Acres of Unimproved
proved Land ........
Cash Value of Im-
216,493 119.562 82,764,363 8342,813 83,107,176 1.308 3,911 $357725 843,940 $401,665
Establishments .... | º
Capital ...
Wages ....
Material.
Products .....
Town. 3 8., R. 4 W
11,765
11.717
133.833
86,745
19,799
106,535
40.
111
2,400 14,745
Town. 1 S., R. 5 W
6,372
7,791
16,835
5.785
231,393
15,575
6: 158
675
1.530
Town. 3 S., R. 2 W.
5,130, 11,720
34.935
4,331
122
500|1 442
274 3,266 39,2,795
1X
2
95
3,315
......
Total ...
10,326
Steam
Fire & Billi'rd
Mer-
Material
17
.....
507 371
1200
837
16
8:21
622
102
30
63 16
1101
and
Manuf'd
Town. 3 8., R. 1 W.
270
7,965
Town. 1 8., R. 4 W
182
261
89
147
provad Town Lots.
proved Town Lots.
Total ...
1,540.552
Lumber Sawed and Mills ..
3
14
Digitized by
490
313
300
167
......
......
220
1
500
and
191
300
100
87
505
83
Cash Value of Un-
Town Lots
Town. 1 8., R. 4 W.
Agricultural Implement Manul'y
48,800' 1,285,150
Vo. of Sheep Killed by Dogs ..
22
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC.
The fine school system of the State has placed a good free school-house within reach of every family. Churches of all demoninations are scattered all over the State. First class Colleges and Academies for males and females are located at various points, and at as reasonable rates for tuition and board as can be obtained anywhere in the United States.
MANUFACTORIES.
There are quite a large number of manufacturing establishments along the line of the Illinois Central Railroad. Grist and saw mills are located at almost every station. Wagon shops, cooper shops, box factories, blacksmith shope, plow factories, etc., can be found almost everywhere. A nail factory has just been established at Centralia.
FRUIT RAISING.
The great fruit region is located south of the Terre Haute and Alton Railway, where most of the lands in their natural state are covered with for- est trees, some being very valuable timber. For raising fruit, grapes, berries of all kinds, and vegetables of every variety, these lands cannot be excelled. The fruit and berry crops have become of so much importance that the man- agement of the road have for a number of years past, during the berry and fruit season, run a daily Express Fruit Train between Cairo and Chicago which carries all kinds of vegetables, fruits and berries, and runs at a rate of speed equal to any passenger train, so that the fruits and vegetables shipped reach the northern markets almost as fresh as when gathered from the tree or vine, and consequently always command a better price than those that are shipped from more distant points and become stale and unfit for use before reaching their destination.
CLIMATE.
The climate throughout the whole State of Illinois is usually mild and genial, and particularly so in the southern portion of the State, where the lands for sale are located. It is as healthy as any other State in the Union.
WATER.
The very best of well water can be obtained by sinking wells at various depths, from ten to fifty feet below the surface. An abundant supply of stock water can usually be obtained in creeks and rivers convenient enough without digging wells for that purpose. But stock water can generally be procured at so shallow a depth that it is cheaper to dig wells or pond holes than to drive stock any distance to water.
COAL.
Our most skilled geologists inform us that the so called "Coal Measures," (a term used to designate the formation on which the principal coal deposits are found,) attain an aggregate thickness of at least one thousand feet, and cover nearly three-quarters of the area of the entire State. The southern boundary being fixed at about Cobden, on the Illinois Central Railroad ; the eastern boundary by the State line; the northern at Bulkey, on the Chicago branch of that road, and Mendota, on the main line; and the west- ern, usually a few miles east of the Mississippi River. This coal measure has not been fully developed in the central and northern portions of the State, and but partially in the southern. In the central and northern part of the State the formation is known to be at a great depth, while in the southern it is in some places quite near the surface. Near St. Johns, Du Quoin, Tamaroa, Carbondale, Centralia, and some other points, mines have been opened and are now in successful operation, some being approached by inclined planes and tunnels at a depth of from eleven to fifty feet from the surface, others by shafts, at from one hundred to five hundred feet in depth. The coal is of an excellent quality, and the mining operations have attracted much attention, and when fully developed will be a source of great wealth.
TITLE.
The title to these lands offered for sale is as perfect as human agency can make it. It was originally donated by Act of Congress to the State of Illi- nois, and by an Act of the State Legislature transferred to this Company and its Trustees. No incumbrance of any kind whatever.
To all who desire in good faith to examine any of these lands, the Railroad Company issue half rate tickets to and from the nearest points to the land, and if such ticket holder buys even a forty acre tract, they will allow what be paid for such ticket as part payment on the purchase.
Believing it would be of interest to the citizens of this county we have in-
dicated on the map the lands belonging to this company. These lands can be purchased on the following terms.
One-quarter cash, with six per cent. interest for one year, in advance, on the residue; the balance payable in one, two and three years, with six per cent. interest, in advance, each year on the part remaining unpaid. For ex- ample, for forty acres of land at $5 per acre, the payments will be as follows
Cash Payment, $50 00 principal and $9 00 interest.
In One Year, 50 00
= 6 00
In Two Years, 50 00
3 00 =
In Three Years, 50 00
$200 00
$18 00
Or the same land may be bought for $180, all cash, as we deduct ten per cent. when all cash is paid.
Full information on all points relating to any particular locality or tract, will be furnished on application, either in person or by letter. to P. DAGGY, Land Commissioner, Room 11, No. 78 Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ills. All station agents along the line of the road have maps showing the land in their vicinity for sale, with prices.
CHAPTER IV. GEOLOGY.
BY M. L. M CORD.
CHOLARS will naturally expect that in writing an essay on the Geology and Palæontology of Washington County, we will use · scientific terms and expressions ; but to make it more easily un- derstood by the general reader, we will use plainer and simpler language. The geological features of this county are in most respects the same as those of the other counties which are drained by the Kaskaskia river and its tributaries. It is but a small area of the great interior basin, (or, more correctly, what was once a basin). * * The ancient bot-
tom of this great inland sea is to be found below the deepest coal deposits. Vast quantities of rank weeds, ferns and sedges, together with gigantic- trees and other similar arborescent growth, springing upon the shallow borders and low islands, falling into decay, gradually settled to the bottom of the water, and were finally covered by sedimentary deposits, much of which is now hard- ened into stone. These buried drifts, by lapse of time and other causes, were eventually converted into coal. Finally, after vast periods of time had roiled away, this inland sea, by the washing from its shores and islands, had become comparatively shallow with its stores of coal, shale, sand-stone and lime-stone, covered with various grades and stratas of clay, and the latter with a black loam, composed of mingled clay and carbonaceous matter pro- duced from decayed vegetation.
As this vast shallow body of water gradually moved away, it naturally followed the lowest surfaces at the bottom, and by degrees washed out and formed the channels which now comprise ' the rivers and smaller streams. Every farmer has observed how, on any of our wet prairies, if a road, fur- row, or other slight channel is formed leading to lower levels, a deep ditch and finally a small creek is washed out, and what was once a swamp be- comes dry and tillable land. This is but a repetition of the process of which we have spoken of above, though on a diminutive scale.
Now, whether the elevations about the head of Grand Point creek, in the east of Sawyer's Point, and Plum Hill, near the centre of the county, and the region about Elkhorn and Lively's Grove, in the west, were original "uplands," or whether these were at the average of the ancient sea level, the fact that on the higher elevations in our county, the surface is com- posed of drifts interspersed with " wash-pebbles," would point to the conclu- sion that no considerable upheavals had taken place prior to the subsidence of the water, and there is little to lead the scientist to the conclusions that any such action has taken place since.
The first of these causes was the action of enormous icebergs, which, dur -. ing the glacial periods which our latitude has passed, floated over the Mis- sissippi Valley, with their bottoms scraping all shallow places, and carrying and depositing those many boulders and blocks of granite and other masses
Digitized by
1
23
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
of stone which are found scattered over our prairies, which a casual observer can discern are not natural to their present locality.
In many places the hills were uprooted by these icebergs, driven by tempests, and the strata of rocks are frequently found in a vertical and in- clined position.
The second of these causes consists in the fact, that many of the streams, especially the minor ones, have entirely changed their former course. In many of these places the ancient channels undermined banks and ledges of stone, and caused them to fall and tilt upon their edges, after which they have been more or less covered by the shifting sands and sedimentary deposits. Many of these tilts are found under non-existing hille, in the pro- cess of well-digging and other mining operations.
There is, therefore, nothing in the geological feature of this county to indicate that any considerable volcanic action has ever taken place, but, on the contrary, that its hills and valleys, its prairies and other features, as well as its deep-lying coal-beds and strata of sand and lime-stone,-the latter of which are in many places over sixty feet in thickness,-have all been pro- duced by the action, direct, or remote, of water. It is evident to the mind of a geologist that the contour or features of the great basin of which this county forms a small part, probably subsequent to the last ice period, or that, perhaps, it was formed into a basin by the scooping action of the float- ing ice-mountains, or the throwing up of the barriers which penned in the waters and prepared the way for all subsequent alluvial action.
The only minerals to be found in an alluvial country, in paying quan- tities, are salt and coal. The interior basin of central Illinois from about the region of the Big Muddy river, on the south, to the Illinois river, on the north-east, while detached beds of great extent are found in most other parts of the State. The surface of Washington County is underlaid with coal, the main strata being at a depth from 90 to 600 feet. While detached beds of thin, shaly coal may be found at depths varying from 20 to 60 feet, in some places there is a perceptible outcrop. At Dubois, on the line of the Central road, coal may be found about 300 feet from the surface, under a lime-stone formation of varying thickness from 40 to 75 feet. No mine has been sunk at Nashville that reached the coal; but from reliable surveys of the Dubois vein, and the Coulterville mine, near the south-west corner of the county, and along the line of the South-eastern railway, in St. Clair county, we judge the depth of the principal coal vein to be about or near 500 feet at Nashville.
Immediately above the coal we generally find slate, from 2 to 7 feet ; the lime-stone 25 to 125 feet. The more recent traces of diluvium become appa- rent near the surface of the older lime stone, (generally called by the miners coal-cap). Vegetable remains are often found; sometimes large trees, in a good state of preservation.
Detached beds of rubble, and sometimes useful quarries of lime-stone, or calcareous sand-stone, are met in various parts of the county, near or on the surface. This is particularly the case about the borders of Little Muddy, in the east and south-east, in township 2 south, range 2 west, and near the banks and breaks of the Elkhorn, and of Mud Creek in the west and south- west. Very little pure sand-stone has been found, and that generally of a very unstable quality; while in a few places, especially in some elevated position, the soil and other surface formations are pale from the absence of carbonaceous matter, the mineral element, such as lime and phosphoric acid being in unusual abundance.
In the line of paleontology but little can be said. On the more elevated ridge a few fossils have been noticed, and those mostly of coprolites of a reptilian origin. A few only have been found that would weigh as much as twenty or thirty pounds. Just beneath the last mentioned stone forma- tions the remains of shell-fish exist. Some petrifications of the water-snail are also found, composed principally of sulphurate of iron. On the prairies, from four to twenty feet below the surface, are frequently found the bones of fishes of the gar-pike species.
CHAPTER V.
CIVIL HISTORY.
RIOR to March 1st, 1784, Virginia owned all the territory situated north-west of the Ohio River. On the date above mentioned, that State, by its delegates in the Congress of the United States, conveyed to the United States all the "right, title and claim, as well of soil as of jurisdiction," which the said Commonwealth had to the ter- ritory north-west of the Ohio.
At that time, the population of that vast region did not exceed the present population of the County of Washington. It was a vast expanse of uncul- tivated land, covered with wild grass, filled with wild game, and inhabited by wild men.
On the 13th of July, 1787, Congress passed an ordinance " for the govern- ment of the territory of the United States north-west of River Ohio," by which it was provided that, as soon as there should be five thousand free male inhabitants of full age, in said district, they should have authority to elect representatives to the General Assembly. This was the first organiza- tion of civil government here under the control of the government of the United States.
Congress appointed the Governor, Secretary and Judges. The people had no part in making the laws until their population should comprise five thou- sand free male inhabitants of lawful age. The Governor and Judges, or a majority of their number, were authorized to select and publish such laws- civil and criminal,-of the original States as they deemed suitable or neces- sary for the government of the districts. The power to make laws remained in the hands of the Governor and Judges for nearly thirteen years, at the end of which time the territory could " muster " the requisite five thousand "free male inhabitants of full age." An election was held, and members of the Legislature were chosen. The territorial Legislature convened at Cin- cinnati, then better known as Fort Washington, on the 16th day of Septem- ber, 1799. It was found that a quorum was not present, and in consequence thereof the organization was delayed for eight days. The territory, which now comprises the grand Commonwealth of Illinois, was known as Knox County, and was entitled to but one representative in that legislature. Shad- rach. Bond was the representative ; he traveled nearly four hundred miles to attend.
By act of Congress of May 7th, 1800, the North western Territory was divided, and all that portion lying west of the mouth of Kentucky river, into what was called Indiana Territory. All this territory, which embraced all that now comprises the States of Indiana and Illinois, did not contain the necessary five thousand free male inhabitants to entitle them to the right of self-government. Illinois remained a part of Indiana for nine years.
On the 3d day of February, 1809, Congress passed an act forming Illinois Territory, of all that portion of the territory west of the Wabash river. At that time there were not found in all this vast territory the "five thousand free male inhabitants," consequently the territory was governed by lawi made by the Governor and Judges appointed by Congress. Three years elapsed before the necessary population was here for a territorial legislature. Washington County was, at this time, a part and parcel of St. Clair County, and remained so until 1817. In this year the legislature in session at Kas. kaskis passed an act forming the County of Washington, establishing its boundaries within the lines now encompassing the counties of Clinton and Washington. In 1827 the Legislature of the State passed an act forming of the north half of Washington County, the County of Clinton. This con- stitutes the history of the legal sub-divisions of Washington County, from the days when it was, in law and in fact, part of the great State of Virginia, to the time above mentioned, when Clinton County was formed of a part of its territory.
COUNTY SEAT.
By the same act of the Legislature that formed the original County of Wash- ington, three commissioners were appointed, viz .: Jacob Purman, Reuben Middleton, and Leaven Maddux, who were authorized to examine and locate a seat of government for the county. They met at the house of James Bankson, on Shoal creek, in what is now Clinton County, March 2d, 1818. Their report says : " And considering the importance of said site being located on the margin of a navigable stream, as near the center of the pre- sent and future population of said county as is consistent with expediency and justice, do, upon mature consideration, pronounce that a part of the north-east ; north-west ; a part of the south-west of section thirty-three, and a part of south-east of section thirty-two, in township one, north of range
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