Illinois, Crawford County historical and biographical, Part 127

Author: Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. cn; Selby, Paul, 1825-1913. cn
Publication date: 1909
Publisher: Chicago : Munsell Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 1058


USA > Illinois > Crawford County > Illinois, Crawford County historical and biographical > Part 127


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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As a matter of course, the pioneer farmers of Crawford County had to depend on few and


crude implements in the prosecution of their labors. The primitive "bar-share" plow, with its long beam and wooden mold board, and the axes and hoes made at the blacksmith shop, were the main reliance, but the Wabash valley soil was fertile, responding readily to cultivation and re- paying the farmer with abundant crops.


In 1815, laboring under all the disadvantages of pioneer conditions, Edward N. Cullom planted ninety acres of sod corn, and, out of the large yield therefrom, shipped a flatboat cargo to New Orleans, containing enough to meet his needs until the next harvest. A patch of potatoes, corn, beans and ordinary vegetables, was the limit of the first season's crop by the early set- tler. Occasionally some crops of flax and to- bacco were planted and for some years many pioneers raised small crops of cotton, although the shortness of the seasons finally compelled the abandonment of cotton culture in this region. From small beginnings agricultural interests slowly developed into large proportions, which was much facilitated by the formation of agricul- tural societies and the holding of county fairs, marking an era of improvement. In 1856 was organized the first agricultural society of Craw- ford County, grounds being bought and im- proved for such use in the edge of Robinson. These grounds were sold in 1870 for $500, when the association purchased at $30 per acre a 20- acre tract a mile west of the town, on which all the necessary accommodations were provided, in- cluding convenient buildings, stalls, trees and wells. In 1871 the society was incorporated as the Crawford County Agricultural Board. The officers of the organization for 1872 were as fol- lows : President-Hickman Henderson; Vice- Presidents-A. J. Reavill, R. R. Lincoln and William Updyke; Recording Secretary-Guy S. Alexander ; Corresponding Secretary-William C. Wilson ; and Treasurer-William Parker.


CLIMATE-FRUIT CULTURE .- The climate of Crawford County is better adapted to fruit cul- ture than that farther north, although subject to fluctuations of temperature making the hardy apple the most common and dependable fruit. The county has a greater number of apple orch- ards than of all other kinds of fruit combined. The first fruit trees grew from sprouts brought by the early settlers, the first apple sprouts hav- ing been planted in what is now Lawrence Town- ship by a Mr. Howard.


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CHAPTER VI.


OFFICIAL AND POLITICAL.


FIRST BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS-CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION -- COUNTY OFFICERS-FIRST CIR- CUIT AND COUNTY CLERKS-SHERIFFS, COUNTY TREASURERS AND SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS-GEN- ERAL ASSEMBLY-SENATORS AND REPRESENTA- TIVES FROM ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY TO THE PRESENT TIME-COMPLETE LIST OF CON- GRESSMEN WHO HAVE REPRESENTED CRAWFORD COUNTY-DELEGATES TO STATE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS- OTHERS WHO HAVE FILLED IM- PORTANT POSITIONS IN OFFICIAL HISTORY.


Edward N. Cullom, John Dunlap and Isaac Moore, the first County Commissioners or Justices of the Peace in Crawford County, were installed February 26, 1817. . In the following year this body numbered twelve, namely: E. N. Cullom, Samuel Harris, George W. Kincaid, James Shaw, Smith Shaw. Joseph Kitchell, S. B. A. Carter, Chester Fitch, William Locklard, David Porter, David McGahey and Thomas Anderson. In 1819 the number was reduced to three-E. N. Cullom, Wickliffe Kitchell and William Barbee. Those who held office under this arrangement previous to 1830, with dates of election, were: David Stewart, Aaron Ball and Henry M. Gilham, 1820 (E. N. Cullom succeeding Gilham in 1821) ; Daniel Funk, Enoch Wilhite and Zeph- aniah Lewis, 1822; Funk, Wilhite and John Lockrider, 1823; Funk, Lockrider and William Highsmith, 1824; Funk, Daniel Boatright and Bottsford Comstock, 1826; Highsmith, William Magill and Doctor Hill, 1828. In 1849 the form of government underwent a change by the adop- tion of the Constitution of 1848, the board then being composed of a County Judge and two As- sociate Judges, and J. B. Trimble became the first County Judge, with Isaac Wilkin and John B. Harper as associates.


COUNTY OFFICERS.


CIRCUIT AND COUNTY CLERKS .- Up to 1835, Edward H. Piper acted in the double capacity of Circuit and County Clerk. From that time until 1837, D. W. Stark and A. G. Lagow held


these positions, respectively, and from 1838 to 1848, W. B. Baker held both offices. In the latter year James H. Steel became County Clerk and C. M. Hamilton Circuit Clerk. The first suc- cessor of the latter was William Cox. elected in 1849, while John T. Cox succeeded James H. Steel as County Clerk in 1857.


SHERIFFS .- The office of Sheriff was first filled by John H. Woodworth, his early successors be- ing John Houston, in 1823 ; Joel Phelps, in 1826; A. M. Houston, in 1827, and E. W. Kellogg, in 1829.


COUNTY TREASURERS .- Thomas Kennedy was the first County Treasurer, elected in 1824, he being succeeded in 1826 by John Malcom. Charles Kitchell was elected in 1833.


COUNTY SURVEYOR. - CORONER. - The first County Surveyor was John Dunlap, and the first Coroner, Allen McGahey, the latter being fol- lowed, in 1820, by Jonathan Wood.


SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS .- In accordance with an act of the Legislature in 1819, R. C. Ford was made School Commissioner of the county, Thomas Kennedy succeeding him in 1832. -


MEMBERS OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY.


SENATORS .- Joseph Kitchell was the first State Senator from Crawford County, serving in the First and Second General Assemblies, 1818-22. Others who served successively as State Sen- ators from Crawford, previous to the adoption of the Constitution of 1848, were: Daniel Parker. 1822-26; William B. Archer, 1826-28; Wickliffe Kitchell, 1828-32; David McGahey, 1832-36; Nathaniel Parker, 1836-38; Abner Greer, 1838-40 ; John Houston, 1840-44; Samuel Dunlap, 1844-48; Uri Manley, 1848-50. Under the Constitution of 1848 Crawford County be- came a part of the Ninth Senatorial District with Clark and Edgar Counties, and under the first apportionment was represented in the Sen- ate by Josiah R. Wynn, 1850-54. By a new apportionment in 1854 it was attached to Clark, Fayette, Effingham, Jasper and Lawrence Counties, constituting the Nineteenth Senatorial District, and was represented by Mortimer O'Kean, 1854-60; Presley Funkhouser, 1860-62. By apportionment of 1861 it became a part of the Eighth District and was represented by Sam- uel Moffat, 1862-64 ; Andrew J. Hunter, 1864-68 ; Edwin Harlan, 1868-70, and by Harlan and Rob- ert M. Bishop, 1870-72. By the apportionment in 1872, under the Constitution of 1870, making


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the Senatorial and Representative Districts identical, with one Senator and three Repre- sentatives from each, Crawford County became a part of the Forty-fifth District, which was con- tinued by the apportionments of 1882 and 1893, and it was represented as follows : William J. Crews, 1872-74; C. V. Smith, 1874-78; William C. Wilson. 1878-82; William H. McNary, 1882- 86; Andrew J. Reavill, 1886-94; Hiram H. Kings- bury, 1894-98; Charles A. Davidson, 1898-1902. By the last apportionment in 1901, Crawford County was attached to the Forty-eighth Dis- trict, and has been represented in the Senate by H. R. Fowler, 1902-04; and Jesse E. Bartley, 1904-08.


REPRESENTATIVES .- The first Representative in the State Legislature from Crawford County was David Porter, who served one term, 1818-20. His successors previous to the adoption of the Constitution of 1848 were: Wickliffe Kitchell, 1820-22; R. C. Ford, 1822-24; David McGahey, 1824-26; John C. Alexander, 1826-32; William Highsmith, 1832-34; James D. McGahey, died in office and was succeeded by David Porter, 1834- 36; Wilson Lagow, 1836-38; Harmon Alexander, 1838-40; Wm. Wilson, 1840-44; R. G. Morris, 1844-46; M. Boyle, 1846-48. In accordance with the first apportionment under the Constitution of 1848, Crawford County became a part of the Tenth Representative District, and was repre- sented by James C. Allen, 1850-52; and William H. Sterrett, 1852-54. In 1854 it became a part of the Seventeenth District, its Representatives being, Randolph Heath, 1854-56; Isaac Wilkins, 1856-58; H. C. McCleave, 1858-60; Aaron Shaw, 1860-62. A new apportionment in 1861 placed the county in the Eleventh District, and its Representatives were : David W. Odell, 1862-64; Thomas Cooper, 1864-66; David W. Odell, 1866- 68; Joseph Cooper, 1868-70. By the first appor- tionment made by the Governor and Secretary of State under the Constitution of 1870, the county became the Thirty-first District, and it was represented by William C. Jones, 1870-72. By successive apportionments made by act of the Legislature in 1872, 1882 and 1893, it was asigned to the Forty-fifth District and in 1901 to the Forty-eighth with Representatives as fol- lows: Harmon Alexander, L. Flanders, Thomas J. Golden, 1872-74; Ethelbert Callahan, J. H. Halley, J. W. Briscoe, 1874-76; A. J. Reavill, J. H. Halley, William Lindsey, 1876-78; A. J. Reavill, J. H. Halley, William Lindsey, 1876-78;


A. J. Reavill, J. W. Graham, J. W. John- son, 1878-80; J. C. Olwin, J. C. Bryan, W. H. H. Mieurs, 1880-82; William Updike, J. M. Honey, Grandison Clark, 1882-84; John M. High- smith, I. M. Shup, David Trexler, 1884-86 ; Alfred H. Jones, Charles A. Purdunn, James Larabee, 1886-88; Walter Cole, William G. Williams, William G. Delashmutt, 1888-90; Ethelbert Cal- lahan, L. Kelley, J. P. Warren, 1892-94; E. Cal- lahan, J. E. Black, Thomas Tippit, 1894-96 ; Will- iam Hart, W. H. Lathrop, Duane Gaines, 1896- 98; James H. Wood, Thomas Tippit, Carl Busse, 1898-1900; P. W. Barnes, Thomas Tippit, Carl Busse, 1900-02; John W. Leaverton, Mahlon H. Mundy, Carl Busse, 1902-04; David E. Rose, M. H. Mundy, Bruce A. Campbell, 1904-1906; C. H. Musgrave, D. E. Rose, E. M. Young, 1906-08. CONGRESSMEN.


From 1818 to 1833 the State of Illinois was en- titled to only one member of Congress, the Rep- resentatives during that period being John McLean, 1818-19; Daniel P. Cook, 1819-27; Jos- eph Duncan, 1827-33. Later Crawford County became successively part of different Districts, as follows : 1833, of Second District ; 1843-55, Third District; 1852-61, Seventh District; 1861- 72, Eleventh District; 1872-82, Fifteenth Dis- trict; 1882-93, Sixteenth District; 1893-1901, Nineteenth District; 1901 to date, Twenty-third District. The Representatives in Congress dur- ing this period (1833-1908) from the Districts of which Crawford County formed a part, have been as follows: 1833-43, Zadok Casey ; 1843-49, Orlando B. Ficklin; 1849-51, Timothy R. Young ; 1851-53. Orlando B. Ficklin; 1853-57, Joseph C. Allen ; 1857-59, Aaron Shaw; 1859-65, James C. Robinson ; 1865-73, S. S. Marshall ; 1873-79, John R. Eden ; 1879-81, A. P. Forsythe ; 1881-83, Sam- uel W. Moulton ; 1883-85, Aaron-Shaw ; 1885-89, Silas Z. Landis; 1889-93, George W. Fithian ; 1893-95, James R. Williams ; 1895-97, Benson Wood; 1897-99, Andrew J. Hunter ; 1899-1905, Joseph R. Crowley ; 1905-07, Frank L. Dickson ; 1907-09, Martin D. Foster.


CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. - A Constitu- tional Convention convened at Kaskaskia, August 3, 1818, for the purpose of framing the first Con- stitution for the State of Illinois. Joseph Kitchell and Edward N. Cullom being members from Crawford County. In the next convention-that of 1847-48- the county was represented by Nel- son Hawley ; in that of 1862, by H. Alexander ; and in 1869-70, by James C. Allen.


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Other public service has been rendered by Crawford County men, as follows : Augustus C. French, Governor, 1846-53; Wickliffe Kitchell, Attorney-General, 1839-40; James C. Allen, Rep- resentative in Congress. 1853-57 and 1863-65; James C. Allen, Circuit Judge in 1873-79; Will- iam C. Jones, Circuit Judge from 1879-91 ; Alfred H. Jones, of Robinson, has held the position of State Food Commissioner from 1901 to the pres- ent time.


CHAPTER VII.


TOWNSHIP HISTORY.


INDIVIDUAL HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY TOWN- SHIPS-DATE OF ORGANIZATION AND FIRST SET- TLERS-EARLY CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS OF LOCAL HISTORY-MURDER OF THE HUTSON FAM- ILY BY INDIANS-PIONEER FARMING METHODS- WOLVES AND GAME.


As the population of Crawford County in- creased precincts were created, which were sub- divided from time to time until, in 1818, nine townships were organized. of the early history of which, with the names of first settlers, etc., some record will be found under separate head- ings in the following pages :


ROBINSON TOWNSHIP.


Under the first partition what is now Robin- son Township constituted the central portion of Lamotte Precinct, the name being changed when the county-seat was removed from Palestine to Robinson, which took its name from J. M. Rob- inson, a prominent lawyer of Carmi, White County. The new township was made up of 56 sections, of which 36 were part of T. 7 N., R. 12 W .; 18 sections in T. 6 N., R. 12 W .; three sections of T. 6 N., R. 13 W; and five sections of T. 7 N .. R. 13 W. Sugar Creek, with two small affluents, Honey Creek and an arm of Big Creek, furnished the natural drainage of the township, and the surface of the county was originally partly "barrens" and partly "true prairie," with evidence of devastation from


sweeping fires. The first entries of land in Sec- tion 9, T. 7 N., R. 12 W., was made in 1817, by Jesse Page and Harmon Gregg. Others who came during the same year were W. T. Barry, Wilson Lagow, William Barbee, John Mars and William Mitchell. In 1818 there came to the same township James Newlin, John Hill, Thomas Young, Nathan Mars. Thomas Newlin, Joshua Barbee, William Dunlap, William Everman, James J. Nelson, Armstead Bennett, and William Nelson. In T. 6 N., R. 12, during the same year, land was entered by Charles Dawson and Rich- ard Easton, and in 1819, by John and Jonathan Wood.


Others who made entries in 1818 were Ithra Brashears, Lewis Little and Barnett Starr. Some of these tracts were taken up for specula- tion, and other pre-emptors left after temporary sojourn, without securing titles, so that the above mentioned entries are not conclusive as to those permanently settling in Robinson Township in 1817-18. The Newlin family was one of the best known of the early settlers. Nathaniel, John and Eli, brothers, with their father, John New- lin, Sr., came from North Carolina, locating in Indiana, whence they moved to Crawford County, establishing themselves on Section 10, T. 7 N., R. 12 W. It is probable that William Mitchell, an Englishman, was the first perma- nent settler of Robinson Township, his arrival occurring in 1817, and his subsequent life being spent there. From 1820, the year in which Enoch Wilhoit, another permanent settler, came from Kentucky, to 1830, there was little increase in the number of settlers. Occasionally a home- seeker would come from some quarter, put up a log cabin, raise one crop and then depart, leav- ing an empty dwelling for the temporary shelter of another hardy pioneer. Among those utiliz- ing abandoned dwellings in this way was John Nichols, who came from Virginia in 1830, and occupied land which remained in the possession of his family for half a century. John Cable and John Givin, well known farmers, located near the village of Robinson about this period. and F. M. Brown. who arrived in 1832, was one of those who moved into a deserted cabin in that locality.


In 1833 arrived John Blankenship, a soldier of the War of 1812, and the cabin bullt by him was the first dwelling place on the site of the present town of Robinson. From this time until 1850 there were few "newcomers." but within a


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year or two after the latter date, the last of the public lands in the vicinity were taken up. The first settlers followed closely the termina- tion of Indian hostilities, finding the redskins still camping in their accustomed haunts. At that day an Indian trail, well trodden, ran from Vincennes to Vandalia, through Palestine. The wagons conveying the families of the pioneers carried but scanty household effects, usually a couple of chairs, some bedding and provisions and a few tools. In the case of the Newlins, the household furniture consisted of three chairs, fastened to the feed-box of the wagon, and one of the first acts of Thomas Newlin, after plac- ing the family under shelter, was to drive to Vincennes and buy a barrel of salt, costing $18, a cow and a calf, and certain implements for blacksmithing.


The ground was mostly covered with brush, making careful grubbing necessary to prepare for the plow. The Cary plow, the first in use in this region, was a crude implement of wood and iron, having a mold-board of hewed maple or beach, and a paddle was needed to clean it after a few rods of furrowing. In some in- stances the first corn was planted by cutting through the sod with an ax. Thomas Newlin being a blacksmith, his forge was a great con- venience to the pioneer farmers who came to him for miles around for tools, kitchen utensils, etc., and the making and sharpening of plows.


At this period wild deer were abundant, from 50 to 75 being often seen in one herd. At the outset they were killed by scores, and the veni- son thus supplied formed a very important item in the family support, while the proceeds derived from the sale of hides often furnished the means of paying taxes. Bears were also occasionally seen, wolves, panthers and wild cats were nu- merous, the wolves causing much trouble by preying upon the young stock, such as pigs, lambs, calves and heifers. Many of the farmers bought sheep from a drove driven to Palestine at an' early period, and, in order to keep up the supply of wool for family needs, dogs were trained to guard the sheep fold from the ravages of wolves. Bees were very abundant, bee-hunting was a common occupation, and beeswax and honey con- stituted a staple article of trade. Hollow trees were often found containing fifteen gallons of honey.


The Indians who lingered in this region, and who were mostly of Delaware and Kickapoo


tribes, were generally on friendly terms with the whites. They lived in canvas wigwams, and traded game, dressed buckskins and furs for pork, bread, corn, etc. They seldom committed any robbery and whatever they purloined was something to satisfy their appetites for food or drink, when they had vainly sought to obtain the same articles by begging.


At this time corn was the main crop raised by the early settlers, and Vincennes, about thirty miles distant, was the only place to exchange it for certain provisions and articles of wear. At Shakerville, twenty miles away, was the nearest grist-mill, another being afterwards built in what is now Lawrence County on the Embarras River, about the same distance from Robinson. In quite a number of the rude log dwellings were mortars for making hominy. These cou- sisted of a block of wood, in the center of which a hollow had been burned or dug out, and over it a "sweep" hung, holding a heavy iron-faced pestle for pounding the corn. The first regular hand-mill was made by Jesse Page, which later was followed by a horse mill with a single gear- ing, constructed by William Barbee, in the cell- ter of the present township of Robinson. It was a boon to the pioneer residents and a profitable venture for Mr. Barbee. Some years later, when wheat constituted one of the ordinary crops, it was taken to the Shaker mill, or that owned by a Mr. Hollenbeck in York Township, which, how- ever, did not screen the grain nor bolt the flour. Vats were sunk at a later period by Barbee for tanning hides, and Brown & Nichols also in- vented a sort of ooze, which was used by them a number of years, for tanning purposes. Bar- bee & Jolley built the first saw-mill in the town- ship in 1849. Money was scarce, almost un- known, throughout the region, and all produce was disposed of by exchange. Every piece of coin was hoarded to make land payments, and the Crawford County taxes, amounting at an early period to about $60, were mostly met with coon-skins and wolf-scalps. The farmers drove their cattle and hogs at the outset to Lawrence- ville, and later, to Hutsonville and Palestine, whence they were mostly shipped to New Or- leans. Some corn was hauled to Chicago, and much beeswax, honey, tallow and fruit, the wag- ons returning with loads of salt. Cattle were sent at times to the Chicago market. When sold on the farms the prices were very low, a steer in fine condition bringing only about $7, and a


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cow and a calf from $5 to $6. As a matter of course, the family clothing was home-made, the women wearing "linsey woolsey," while the men wore jeans faced with buckskin.


LAMOTTE TOWNSHIP.


Lamotte Township is bounded on the north by Hutsonville Township, northeast and east by the Wabash River, south by Montgomery Town- ship and west by Robinson Township. Lamotte Creek, flowing southeasterly into the Wabash near Palestine Landing, furnishes the main drainage. Back from the river the surface of the township is flat or slightly rolling. Within its borders were built the dwellings of the coun- ty's first settlers, and were instituted the first court and Government Land Office in this part of Illinois. At a period when the redskins out- numbered the whites the earliest forts and stockades of the county were built here, around which cluster the memories of tragic events. Originally the entire area was covered with a growth of walnut, oak, hickory, buckeye, cotton- wood, pecan, hackberry, sycamore and other for- est trees. From east to west it was traversed in its subsequent development by the St. Louis, In- dianapolis & Eastern Railroad, originally built as a narrow-guage, but later enlarged and now a part of the Illinois Central.


The first white families known to have lived in Lamotte Township located there shortly be- fore the War of 1812, and on the outbreak of that conflict gathered together on the present site of Palestine, building a blockhouse for de- fence against the Indians. Of these, the largest, and, perhaps, most prominent, was the family of William Lamotte. who came from the South about the year 1808, with his sons, John, Job, Benjamin, Joseph, William and others. Some of the Eatons were killed by the savages and the remainder moved to different points after the war. Other pioneers whose names have been handed down were: Thomas Kennedy, Jesse Hig- gins, John Garrard, the Woods (John, Joseph and Welton), David Reavill, the McCalls. the Millses, David McGahey, the Brimberrys, J. Pur- cell, Mrs. Gaddis Smith and James Shaw, J. Veach, George Bathe, John S. Woodworth, Thomas Gill, Edward N. Cullom. Joseph Kitchell, William Wilson, James H. Wilson, Wickliffe Kitchell, Col. John Houston and his brother Alexander M., John C. and Harmon Alexander. Many others equally conspicuous in the early


history of the county, settled in Lamotte Town- ship between 1818 and 1830, but limited space forbids the mention of any but the first comers.


HUTSONVILLE TOWNSHIP.


This township, one of the most productive farming divisions of Crawford County, lies along its eastern boundary of the county, with Clark County on the north, Lamotte and Robinson Townships on the south, the Wabash River on the east, and Licking Township to the west. The Wabash furnishes its drainage, mainly through Raccoon and Hutson Creeks. and a por- tion of its area is liable to periodical overflows. Back from the Wabash the surface is somewhat undulating, varied by stretches of open prairie and patches of timber. Black walnut, oak, su- gar maple, white walnut, elm, cottonwood, syca- more, buckeye, hackberry, pecan, hickory, etc., constituted the original timber growth. Its in- dustries are mostly agricultural, and some of the farms are quite extensive, the only detriment to profitable soil-tilling being from the hazard of inundation in the depressed areas within its borders. The first white settlers in what is now Hutsonville Township, of which there is any re- liable record, were the members of the Hutson family, all of whom, except its head, were mas- sacred by the Indians during the War of 1812. The mother and four children fell victims to a savage onslaught on their log cabin outside of the fort. during the absence of the father, who was afterwards killed in a skirmish with another band of redskins. Hutson had refused to re- move his family to the stockade where most of the pioneers had taken refuge.


The Eaton and Barlow families were conspicu- ous in the pioneer days of this township, John Eaton having been one of the inmates of the fort. The Barlow brothers, John W., Joel and Jesse, came from Kentucky in 1816, the first named locating on the spot where the Hutson family was killed. The Indians had burned the Hutson cabin, but had left the stable standing, which furnished shelter for the Barlows and was the birthplace of one of their children, Henry M., the first white child born in the town- ship. With the Barlows came John Neeley and Joseph Bogard, and in 1818 followed Charles and John Newlin, John Hill and the Sackrider family-Sackrider having been a captain in the War of 1812, and one of Commodore Perry's command on Lake Erie. Eli Hand, Thomas




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