Prairie farmer's directory of Tazewell County 1917, Part 21

Author:
Publication date: 1917
Publisher: Chicago, Ill., Prairie Farmer Publishing Co
Number of Pages: 414


USA > Illinois > Tazewell County > Prairie farmer's directory of Tazewell County 1917 > Part 21


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22


Hopedale


HI. A. Bolliger


Tremont


1919


Hopedale


. John Nafziger


Hopedale


19.10


Little Mackinaw


Gus Inig


Minier


1918


Little Mackinaw


. Chris. Haning


Minier


1919


Little Mackinaw


. Jake Haning


Minier


19:0


Mackinaw


. Gus Fasse


Mackinaw


1918


Mackinaw


S. P. Wenderoth


Danvers


1919


Mackinaw


Ben Gossmeyer


Mackinaw


1920


Malone


Tulius Schilpp


Delavan


1919


Morton


. W. L. Strunk


Morton


1920


Pekin


. Joseph Wade


Peoria


1918


Pekin


Adam Fornoff


Pekin


1919


Pekin


. Adolph Nierstheimer, Jr.


Pekin


1920


Sand Prairie


. J. A. Meyers.


Green


1915


Sand Prairie


. D. S. Fisher.


Green


1919


Sand Prairie


. E. D. Williams


Green Valley


1920


Spring Lake


W'm. E. Lowry


Manito


1918


Spring Lake


C. F. Hermann


Manito


1919


Spring Lake


Į: A. Lawson.


.Manito


191)


Tremont


Ned Bolliger


Tremont


1918


Tremont


David Plattner


Tremont


1914


Tremont


Chris. Getz


Tremont


1021


Washington


Adam Vohland


Washington


1913


Washington


Alex G. Draher


Washington


1919


Washington


. David Hartman


.Washington


1920


*One Commissioner.


TAZEWELL COUNTY TOWN CLERKS. (Elected April 4, 1916, for two years.)


Town


Name


Postoffice


Town


Name


Postoffice


Boynton


Chris. Berkey


Delavan


Little Mackinaw H. J. Blome


Mimer


Cincinnati


Edward Mitchell


S. Pekin


Mackinaw


Frank Simpson


Mackinaw


Deer Creek


S. L. Belsley


Deer Creek


Malone


G. F. Wilson


Green Valley


Delavan


John Warne


Delavan


Morton


Arch Bartelmay Morton


Dillon


James Connell


Delavan


Pekin


R. E. Rollins


Pekin


Elm Grove


Geo. Young


Pekin


Sand Prairie


Geo. Woodruth


Green Valley


Fondulac


Jos. Dav


E. Peoria


Spring Lake


B. V. Golden Manito


Groveland


Win. Goetz


Pekin


Tremont


Geo. C. Suchert


Tremont


Hlittle


Don T. L.each


Armington


Washington


A. J. Keil


Washington


Hopedale


L. Brighton


Hopedale


TAZEWELL COUNTY ASSESSORS. (Elected April 4, 1916, for two years.)


Town


Name A. J. Naffziger


Postoffice Delav.1


Town


Name


Postoffice


Boynton


Little Mackinaw J. 11. Hammond


Mithr


Cincinnati


Anton Volk


Pekin


Mackinaw


Jas. Tyrrell


Machten


Deer Creek


1. A Wingstirn


Mackinaw


Malone


J. F. Hleyd


Delavan


Delavau


Geo. Dav Delavan


Molton


D. C. Heiser Mormon


Dillon


Gro. E. Hayes Delavan


Pekin


L.omc B. Watson


Elin Grove


Simon Ehrhardt


Pekin


Sand Prairie


Cico. Gerritts


Fondulac


G. B. Drieabaugh


F. Peona


Spring Lake C. F Bidhe


Citoveland


Samuel Warler


l'ekin


Fremont


Jacob Winkler


Tr ... t


little


A. T Miller


Aimington


Washington


W. S. Nomis


Hopedale


J. H. Crawford


Hopedale


Valley


Valley


Edward Schrock


. Win. Sauder


178


FARMERS AND BREEDERS, TAZEWELL COUNTY


TAZEWELL COUNTY JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. (Terms Expire First Monday in May, 1921.)


Town


Name


Postoffice


Town


Name


Postoffice


Boynton


A. J. Naffziger


Delavan


Mackinaw


Geo. W. Warner


Mackinaw


Cincinnati


Joe Pool


S. Pekin


Morton


Wm. J. Hampton


· Morton


Deer Creek


Wm. Stout


Deer Creek


Morton


C. Slonneger


Deer Creek


Dillon


E. R. Baker


Delavan


Pekin


W. G. Cunningham


Pekin


Elm Grove


J. W. Barkdoll


Tremont


Pekin


M. B. Lohmann


Pekin


Elm Grove


Nat Maurer


Pekin


Pekin


R. L. Russell


Pekin


Fondulac


A. H. Knapp


E. Peoria


Pekin


Louis C. Toel


Pekin


Groveland


Otto Wanner


Morton


Sand Prairie


F. W. Schureman


Green Valley


Hittle


A. T. Miller


Armington


Spring Lake


W. H. Bortžfield


Parkland


Hopedale


J. S. Phillips


Hopedale


Tremont


G. L. Jenks


Tremont


Little Mackinaw Wm. Buehrig


Minier


Washington


August Esser


Washington


Mackinaw


L. W. Schnellbacher


Washington


M. C. Martini


Washington


Mackinaw


Washington


W. S. Norris


Washington


CONSTABLES. (Terms Expire First Monday in May, 1921.)


Town


Name


Postoffice


Town '


Name


Postoffice


Cincinnati


F. M. La Rash


S. Pekin


Little Mackinaw J. Hammond


Minier


Cincinnati


J. J. Shay


S. Pekin


Mackinaw


Geo. White


Mackinaw


Deer Creek


Wm. F. Robbins


Deer Creek


Pekin


H. F. Arends


Pekin


Deer Creek


W. F. Wilson


Deer Creek


Pekin


W. A. Bailey


Pekin


Delavan


John Watkins


Delavan


Pekin


Harry Dwyer


Pekin


Delavan


Wm. W. Wilson


Delavan


Pekin


Jacob Graf


Pekin


Fondulac


Chas. Martin


E. Peoria


Pekin


Fred Mitchell


Pekin


Fondulac


Isaac Mckenzie


E. Peoria


Tremont


William Vale


Tremont


Hopedale


A. Hamilton


Hopedale


Washington


Alex D. Draher


Washington


Little Mackinaw David Bradley


Minier


POLICE MAGISTRATES.


Terms


Name


Postoffice


Expire


Bion C. Braden


. Morton


1918


J. A. Mason.


. Delavan


1919


James A. Edds.


Pekin


1919


C. F. Dainty.


. East Peoria


1919


William Keefer


Green Valley


1920


William D. Cooper


Washington


1921


W. T. Cales ..


Minier


1921


George W. Wadsworth.


Hopedale


1921


Frank Chestock


South Pekin


1921


East Peoria Drainage & Levee District-723.381 Acres.


COMMISSIONERS-Eugene Brown, Peoria; Horace Clark, Peoria; James E. Millard, Fast Peoria, Secretary.


Hickory Grove Drainage District-6039.50 Acres.


COMMISSIONERS-E. E. Ethel, Manito; R. R: Meeker, Mahito; Dedrich Velde, Peoria; R. L ... Mahr, Manito, Treasurer.


Spring Lake Drainage && Levee District-12060.31 Acres.


COMMISSIONERS-L. L. Preston, Pekin; Joseph Yentes, Morton; Howell J. Puterbaugh, Mackinaw; Henry G. Dodds, Morton, Secretary and Treasurer.


FOUTE.


. Fondulac


J. W. Burroughs Washington


Pekin


John R. Seibert


Pekin


Hittle


J. S. Forbes


Armington


179


PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY


LIVESTOCK FARMER'S MEDICINE CHEST


By Dr. A. S. Alexander in Prairie Farmer.


When a farmer can employ a com- petent graduate veterinarian at rea- sonable expense it always is best to do so, and in all serious cases such expert help should be used even if the expense will be considerable. Unfortunately it is not always pos- sible to find such an expert or he may live at such a distance that an ordinary or trivial case will not warrant the expense of his employment, or the nearest veterinarian may not be a properly qualified practitioner, or is one in whom the stockman has no confidence.


For these reasons every owner of animals should keep some' simple remedies on hand, and these are nec- essary even on farms where profes- sional assistance can readily be had. It should be understood, however, that the untrained farmer should not attempt the administration of strong poisons, alkaloids and many prepara- tions used hypodermically by a gradu- ate veterinarian. Such preparations are extremely dangerous in the hands of the layman and are liable to do much more harm than good. The trained surgeon also should be de- pended upon for all major operations.


A cupboard may be set apart for storing medicines in a cool, dry place and where freezing will not occur in winter. A glass graduate and scales will be necessary for measuring and weighing medicines. Powdered drugs should be kept in tightly closed glass fruit jars and should be plainly labeled. They may soon lose their strength if exposed to the air. Poisons should be kept on a separate part of a shelf partitioned off for the purpose and away from simple, harmless drugs. Ointments, with the exception of fly blister, should be made up fresh at time of use. Liniment may be pre- pared and kept indefinitely if well corked.


The medicine case should also have a special division in which to keep a few instruments, bandages, suture silk


and absorbent cotton; or better still, these may be kept in a- handbag for immediate use as required. The emergency bag should contain a roll - of absorbent cotton, several rolled three-yard bandages of unbleached muslin in strips three inches wide, a pound or two of oakum, a spool of strong suture silk, half a dozen suture needles of assorted shapes and sizes, most of them large; a half-ounce, short-barreled, strong-nozzled hard rubber syringe, a two-ounce metal syringe, a cow trocar and canula for tapping a bloated animal, a pair of curved shears, a combination operat- ing knife containing a curved bistoury, a probe pointed bistoury and a strong straight scalpel, a few milking tubes and a teat bistoury, an artery forceps, metal probe, castrating knife and pair of horse clippers.


These will suffice, but there are many other useful instruments such as a clinical thermometer, horse tro- car, catheter and dentistry "float," which may be added from time to time. Some of the medicines to be listed later may also have a place in the emergency kit or bag, notably those needed for the treatment of wounds, and at hand should be a strong quart drenching bottle and ten feet of quarter-inch cotton rope with which to hold up a horse's head for drenching. A veterinary force pump is added on a large farm, but its place may be taken by three feet of new lawn sprinkling hose fitted with a large tin funnel. This is used to give a horse or cow a rectal injection. There should also be a six-foot piece of new half-inch rubber tubing for use in giving a cow or mare a vaginal injection.


Simple necessary medicines may best be listed under the following special heads:


Physics.


Epsom and Glauber Salts. Average dose for an adult cow, one pound in


180


FARMERS AND BREEDERS, TAZEWELL COUNTY


three pints of warin water. Dose for a horse, 12 ounces.


Castor Oil. Especially useful for young animals. Dose for a calf or foal, from 1 to 6 tablespoonfuls shaken up in milk.


Raw Linseed Oil (not boiled, which is poisonous). Average dose, one pint for constipation and to follow a dose of colic medicine, or contain medicine for colic.


Barbados Aloes (freshly powdered). Average dose, one ounce, to be given to an adult horse as a "physic ball."


Wound Medicines.


Keep in stock one pint each of car- bolic acid and coal tar disinfectant and a gallon can of the latter for dipping and disinfecting purposes. Two tea- spoonfuls to a pint of water ordinarily makes a sufficiently strong solution. Bleeding is stopped by applying Mon- sel's solution of iron on oakum or cotton batting, or applying Monsel's powder. As a wound lotion also keep on' hand a mixture of one ounce of sugar of lead and six drams of sul- phate of zinc in one pint of water. This is called "white lotion" and should be plainly labeled "poison" and well shaken before use.


Dusting Powders.


A dusting powder of equal parts of slacked lime, charcoal and sulphur is useful for application to surface wounds and sores. Boracic acid also is needed and a little iodoform may be added to keep flies away.


Liniments.


Keep on hand a pint (pound) each of turpentine and aqua ammonia. One ounce cach of these mixed with a pint of soft water, in which two raw eggs have been shaken up and the mixture left for 24 hours, will make a good stimulating liniment; or one ounce of each may be mixed with 6 to 14 ounces of raw linseed oil to make a very strong or comparatively mild liniment.


Lotions.


"White lotion" for wounds has al- ready been mentioned. Equal quan- tities of lime water and raw linseed oil make "carron oil," an excellent lotion for burns. Two to four ounces of Goulard's extract and one to two ounces of glycerine in one quart of


soft water form a useful lotion for scratches and mud fever of itchiness and "gumminess" of the legs. A good lotion for inflammation of the udder is made by mixing together one part each of fluid extracts of poke root and belladonna leaves and one part of tur- pentine with five parts of sweet oil, melted lard or camphorated oil. It is made weaker or stronger as required. Anodyne lotion for painful swellings is made by combining equal quantities of tinctures of opium, aconite, bella- donna and druggists' soap liniment. A small quantity of chloroform may be added. Mouth lotion consists of an ounce of powdered borax or alum in a quart of soft water; eye lotion of half a dram each of sulphate of zinc and fluid extract of belladonna in a quart of soft water.


Tonics.


Fowler's solution of arsenic is a good general tonic for rundown, thin, hidebound horses and those afflicted with chronic skin diseases or heaves (broken wind). The average dose is half an ounce (one tablespoonful) given night and morning until one quart has been given. The medicine may then be gradually discontinued, taking at least a week to the work. Dried sulphate of iron (copperas), dose one dram night and morning, is another good tonic, commonly com- bined with an equal dose of ground gentian root or ginger root, nux vomica, saltpeter and fenugreek as a condition powder. The dosc is one tablespoonful of the combination of drugs mixed in the feed night and morning for ten days. Omit sulphate of iron for pregnant animals. Nux is poisonous and must therefore be given with care. It is most useful as a nerve tonic and appetizer.


Colic Medicines.


Keep in stock one pound each of laudanum (dose, 1 to 2 ounces); es- sence of ginger root (dose, 1 to 2 drams); sulphuric acid (dose, 12 to 1 ounce); turpentine (dose, 1 to 2 ounces); granular hpyosulphite of soda (dose, 1 to 4 ounces). A dose of each of the first three medicines in a . pint of water containing two ounces of hpyosulphite of soda will prove effective for most colics. Two ounces of turpentine in a pint of raw linseed oil may be given for "wind" (flatulent)


181


PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY


colic, or following the other medicine when the pain of "cramp" (spasmodic) colic has subsided.


Fever Medicines.


Powdered saltpeter is an important drug for animals. It is given in the fever of influenza, founder (laminitis) or lymphangitis (milk leg, also for stocking of the legs and other large swellings. A dram is the average dose. Give it every four or six hours in fever, twice daily for swellings, or with tonics as a condition powder, and in double doses for founder or milk leg. Do not give it in colt distemper, when abscesses are forming. It may often be administered in drinking water or a bran mash or damp feed. It also is given in tablespoonful doses once or twice daily for garget of the cow. Beware of aconite often given for fever. It is too dangerous a poison to be safely used by anyone other than a trained doctor.


Blister.


An effective blistering ointment is made by melting together three parts of lard and one-quarter part of finely shaved yellow beeswax, and then stirring in one part of powdered can- tharides (Spanish fly). Stir in a tin dish until cold, then store in a capped glass fruit jar. It improves with age. When using this blister clip off the hair, wash ahe skin clean, dry it per- fectly. Tie the horse up short in his stall, rub the blister in for fifteen minutes and then smear on some more blister. Wash the blister off in 48 hours and then apply a little lard daily. Do not cover a blistered part, or rub it on the loins, or on top of the hips, or use it after a poultice, or on irritated skin, or in very hot or cold weather.


Absorbents.


Never be without tincture of iodine to swab on swollen glands, tumors, forming abscesses, bony growths, capped or puffed joints, indolent sores or wounds, canker of the mouth in pigs and ringworm spots. It also is useful to inject into abscesses fistula and lump jaw cavities. lodine oint- ment is made by mixing one dram each of iodine crystals and iodide of potash in one ounce of land. This is used on swellings, sore necks and shoulders, puffs of all sorts, tumors,


forming abscesses, ringworm spots and enlargements of the udder. As an absorbent blister rub up one dram of biniodide of mercury with two ounces of the fly blister already men- tioned and use on bony growths, such as splints and ringbone, callouses, indolent sores, tumors of the udder.


Worm Medicines.


Gasoline is kept on most farms and in tablespoonful doses in six ounces of milk is the best remedy for stomach worms in sheep. Lambs take less in proportion. Two ounces of turpen- tine in a pint of raw linseed oil is effective as a starting dose for a "wormy horse." Follow with worm powders composed of equal parts of salt, sulphur and dried sulphate of iron. Dose, one tablespoonful night and morning for a week, then skip ten days and repeat. Omit iron for preg- nant animals. For worms of swine give one teaspoonful of turpentine in slop for three consecutive days for each eighty pounds of body weight; or one dram of dried sulphate of iron in slop for five successive mornings for each hundred pounds of body weight. Where swine are known to be seriously infested with worms, give eight grains of santonin and five grains of calomel in a little slop for each hundred pounds of body weight. Divide the pigs into lots of five and give the medicine in a little slop after starving the animals for eighteen hours. Care must be taken to give only the doses here prescribed, else damage may be done.


Disinfectants.


In the paragraph on wound inedi- cines it has been advised to keep car- bolic acid and coal tar disinfectant in stock. To these may be added for- maldehyde, bichloride of mercury tablets and permanganate of potash crystals. In disinfecting a stable a solution of four or five ounces of for- maldehyde to the gallon, or a 1-1,000 of bichloride of mercury (corrosive sublimate) or a 1-30 solution of car- bolic acid or coal tar disinfectant should be used after a thorough clean- sing of the premises. For wounds a 1-1,000 solution of corrosive sublimate also is the most effective disinfectant and a 1-500 solution should be used for disinfecting when a spore-form- ing germi, like that of anthrax, is pres-


182


FARMERS AND BREEDERS, TAZEWELL COUNTY


ent. Permanganate of potash is a useful mild disinfectant (antiseptic and deodorizer) in a 1-5,000 to a 1-50 solution. The weaker solution is used lukewarm for vaginal injection pur- poses, while the 2 per cent solution is useful for injection into cavities from which come bad-smelling discharges and for swabbing sores (cankers) of the mouth. As a wound lotion it is usual to employ a 2 to 5 per cent solution of carbolic acid, or lysol, or coal tar disinfectant. Carbolic acid is also much used as an internal disin- fectant in contagious abortion. Two drams of the acid is well diluted with water and mixed in soft feed for each pregnant cow every other night throughout pregnancy. Peroxide of hydrogen one part and clean water two or three parts is a popular dis- infectant for cleansing foul wounds.


Scour Medicines.


The farm medicine chest would not be completely stocked without some remedies for diarrhoea or scours. A mixture of one part of salol and two parts of bismuth (first prescibed years ago by the writer) has become a standard remedy among farmers. The average dose is one teaspoonful given two or three times a day and washed down with milk or water. The dose may be doubled in bad cases and for larger calves and foals. Prepared chalk, powdered alum, sulphur, pow- dered catechu, rhubarb and ginger root are also much used for diarrhoea.


Administering Medicines.


Small doses of liquid medicine, such as the average two-ounce dose of a fever medicine or tonic solution, are best given by means of a half-ounce hard rubber syringe. Expert veteri- narians sometimes give such medicines or bad-tasting drugs in gelatine cap- sules, or in form of a "ball." Worm, condition and tonic powders are mixed in damp grain feed. A large dose of liquid medicine is termed a "drench" and is given from a strong, long-necked bottle. A few inches of rubber hose may be fitted on the neck of such a bottle.


To drench a horse, back him into a stall, place a running noose of soft, small cotton rope or "clothes line" upon the upper incisor teeth, under the upper lip, and draw the noose tight, with the knot of the rope to


the front. Throw the loose end of the rope across an overhead beam, raise the horse's head, hold it there by means of the rope and pour the medicine into the mouth a little at a time until all is swallowed. Do not squeeze the throat of the horse when giving medicine and never pour the medicine into the nostril. If the horse will not swallow, pour a teaspoonful of cold water into a nostril and swal- lowing will instantly occur.


To drench a cow, place her in a stanchion or tie her in a stall. Walk up on her right side (milking side). Pass the left hand across her face and into her mouth. Hold her head in a straight line forward and slightly ele- vated, not turned to one side. Pour the medicine very slowly into the right side of the mouth. Let the head down instantly if the medicine causes the cow (or horse) to cough. Fluid given too fast passes into the paunch and is practically wasted. Administered slowly, it largely goes to the third and fourth stomachs and absorption takes place in the latter.


Sheep have to be very carefully drenched from a bottle to avoid chok- ing. Swine take medicine through a hole cut in the toe of an old shoe thrust into the mouth or from a short, strong rubber hose fitted in the neck of a strong bottle. Dogs take medi- cine in capsules inserted in meat or from a bottle or spoon emptied into a pouch formed of the lip and cheek.


Avoid "doping" animals unneces- sarily. Medicine should only be given when the animal is sick, should be the right medicine, and is best pre- scribed by an expert.


VALUE OF LABOR


The United States Department of Agriculture found mi 1855 that it re- quired four hours and 34 minutes of human labor to produce a bushel of corn. At the Minnesota experiment station it has been found recently that 45 minutes of human labor is about the average time required for the same work. In other words, human labor is worth six times as much as it was 60 years ago, due to the use of better machinery, better varieties of corn and better soil management.


183


PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY


HOW TO ADJUST HORSE AND TRACTOR PLOWS


By C. O. Reed, University of Illinois, in Prairie Farmer


A GOOD plowman plows well with a minimum of draft. He knows that the quality of work done by the plow has considerable in- fluence upon the tilth of the soil, and that plowing at best is a very expen- sive operation.


It has been estimated that the an- nual plowing bill of this country is over $400,000,000 per year. When we consider that the draft of the plow may be increased considerably by common and easily remedied causes, and that the quality of its work may also be materially affected by simple manipulation of certain parts, the sub- ject of the proper adjustment of the plow becomes one of great import- ance. It is the purpose of this ar- ticle to discuss in a practical way important points bearing upon the ef- ficiency of the plow which are often overlooked by the average operator.


Probably the greatest cause for ex- cessive draft in plows is sidedraft. For the practical purposes of this discussion we may consider side-


draft, the loss of power or the in- crease in draft due to the center of the power not being directly ahead of the center of the load, or, in other words, it is the loss of power due to the true line of pull from the team or tractor not coinciding with the true line of draft of the plow. It is obvious that sidedraft cannot be elim- inated unless these two lines coin- cide. It is sometimes claimed that certain patent devices overcome side- draft. Such devices may overcome the sidewise tendency of the plow to some extent by transforming or shift- ing the sidedraft, but they cannot en- tirely eliminate loss of power unless the two lines coincide as described. If the plow is to be pulled with the minimum of power, a hitch must be used that will place the center of power directly ahead of the center, of the load.


When three horses are driven abreast on the common sizes of walk- ing plows or sulkies, sidedraft cannot


26


. €


JAVJO JO INIT


5-12


12


TRUE LINE OF DRAFT-TWO 14" BOTTOMS Fig. 1. Locating The True Line of Draft Is a Simplo Arithmetical Problem.


184


74101 TRUVITA OT WOHL


FARMERS AND BREEDERS, TAZEWELL COUNTY


be entirely eliminated; but with a high lift sulky it can be partially overcome, and a better quality work will usually result, if the rear fur- row wheel is set to lead slightly away from the furrow bank while the front furrow wheel is set to lead very slightly toward the furrow wall.


Sidedraft resulting from using four or five horses abreast on the ordinary sizes of sulkies and two bottom gang plows can be eliminated by using the tandem hitch. In such a hitch the true line of pull can be brought over the true line of draft. The draft of the implement will be lessened, and usually a better quality of work will result because the soil-working sur- faces of the implement will be held nearer their proper relation to the turning furrow slice.


One often hears these objections to the tandem hitch: it necessitates leav- ing a wide headland; it is a difficult formation in which to handle horses, and it increases draft because the team is "strung out." These objec- tions are not well founded. One might far better take a few extra trips across the headlands in finishing a field than to plow the whole field with loss of power, due to excessive sidedraft; the tandem formation is not a difficult method of driving horses if patience is used during the first half day until the animals be- come accustomed to the formation, and the "strung out" hitch on a gang plow really lessens the draft because the angle of elevation of hitch is de- creased.


If one wishes to make a four or five-horse tandem hitch he can secure detailed information from Prairie Farmer. Reliable plow manufacturers, however, are now making excellent four, five, six and seven-horse tandem hitches and it is doubtful if the aver- age operator can afford to make a hitch for five or more horses when these commercial hitches can be pur- chased at such a reasonable figure. In using a commercial hitch the plow- man should endeavor to attach it so that the true line of pull from the team will fall as near as possible to the true line of draft of the plow. Considering that the center of re- sistance of cach plow-bottom lies at a point in the lower corner of the moldboard two inches from the shin, it is a simple matter, as indicated in Fig. 1, to determine that the true




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