USA > Illinois > Tazewell County > Prairie farmer's directory of Tazewell County 1917 > Part 21
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Hopedale
HI. A. Bolliger
Tremont
1919
Hopedale
. John Nafziger
Hopedale
19.10
Little Mackinaw
Gus Inig
Minier
1918
Little Mackinaw
. Chris. Haning
Minier
1919
Little Mackinaw
. Jake Haning
Minier
19:0
Mackinaw
. Gus Fasse
Mackinaw
1918
Mackinaw
S. P. Wenderoth
Danvers
1919
Mackinaw
Ben Gossmeyer
Mackinaw
1920
Malone
Tulius Schilpp
Delavan
1919
Morton
. W. L. Strunk
Morton
1920
Pekin
. Joseph Wade
Peoria
1918
Pekin
Adam Fornoff
Pekin
1919
Pekin
. Adolph Nierstheimer, Jr.
Pekin
1920
Sand Prairie
. J. A. Meyers.
Green
1915
Sand Prairie
. D. S. Fisher.
Green
1919
Sand Prairie
. E. D. Williams
Green Valley
1920
Spring Lake
W'm. E. Lowry
Manito
1918
Spring Lake
C. F. Hermann
Manito
1919
Spring Lake
Į: A. Lawson.
.Manito
191)
Tremont
Ned Bolliger
Tremont
1918
Tremont
David Plattner
Tremont
1914
Tremont
Chris. Getz
Tremont
1021
Washington
Adam Vohland
Washington
1913
Washington
Alex G. Draher
Washington
1919
Washington
. David Hartman
.Washington
1920
*One Commissioner.
TAZEWELL COUNTY TOWN CLERKS. (Elected April 4, 1916, for two years.)
Town
Name
Postoffice
Town
Name
Postoffice
Boynton
Chris. Berkey
Delavan
Little Mackinaw H. J. Blome
Mimer
Cincinnati
Edward Mitchell
S. Pekin
Mackinaw
Frank Simpson
Mackinaw
Deer Creek
S. L. Belsley
Deer Creek
Malone
G. F. Wilson
Green Valley
Delavan
John Warne
Delavan
Morton
Arch Bartelmay Morton
Dillon
James Connell
Delavan
Pekin
R. E. Rollins
Pekin
Elm Grove
Geo. Young
Pekin
Sand Prairie
Geo. Woodruth
Green Valley
Fondulac
Jos. Dav
E. Peoria
Spring Lake
B. V. Golden Manito
Groveland
Win. Goetz
Pekin
Tremont
Geo. C. Suchert
Tremont
Hlittle
Don T. L.each
Armington
Washington
A. J. Keil
Washington
Hopedale
L. Brighton
Hopedale
TAZEWELL COUNTY ASSESSORS. (Elected April 4, 1916, for two years.)
Town
Name A. J. Naffziger
Postoffice Delav.1
Town
Name
Postoffice
Boynton
Little Mackinaw J. 11. Hammond
Mithr
Cincinnati
Anton Volk
Pekin
Mackinaw
Jas. Tyrrell
Machten
Deer Creek
1. A Wingstirn
Mackinaw
Malone
J. F. Hleyd
Delavan
Delavau
Geo. Dav Delavan
Molton
D. C. Heiser Mormon
Dillon
Gro. E. Hayes Delavan
Pekin
L.omc B. Watson
Elin Grove
Simon Ehrhardt
Pekin
Sand Prairie
Cico. Gerritts
Fondulac
G. B. Drieabaugh
F. Peona
Spring Lake C. F Bidhe
Citoveland
Samuel Warler
l'ekin
Fremont
Jacob Winkler
Tr ... t
little
A. T Miller
Aimington
Washington
W. S. Nomis
Hopedale
J. H. Crawford
Hopedale
Valley
Valley
Edward Schrock
. Win. Sauder
178
FARMERS AND BREEDERS, TAZEWELL COUNTY
TAZEWELL COUNTY JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. (Terms Expire First Monday in May, 1921.)
Town
Name
Postoffice
Town
Name
Postoffice
Boynton
A. J. Naffziger
Delavan
Mackinaw
Geo. W. Warner
Mackinaw
Cincinnati
Joe Pool
S. Pekin
Morton
Wm. J. Hampton
· Morton
Deer Creek
Wm. Stout
Deer Creek
Morton
C. Slonneger
Deer Creek
Dillon
E. R. Baker
Delavan
Pekin
W. G. Cunningham
Pekin
Elm Grove
J. W. Barkdoll
Tremont
Pekin
M. B. Lohmann
Pekin
Elm Grove
Nat Maurer
Pekin
Pekin
R. L. Russell
Pekin
Fondulac
A. H. Knapp
E. Peoria
Pekin
Louis C. Toel
Pekin
Groveland
Otto Wanner
Morton
Sand Prairie
F. W. Schureman
Green Valley
Hittle
A. T. Miller
Armington
Spring Lake
W. H. Bortžfield
Parkland
Hopedale
J. S. Phillips
Hopedale
Tremont
G. L. Jenks
Tremont
Little Mackinaw Wm. Buehrig
Minier
Washington
August Esser
Washington
Mackinaw
L. W. Schnellbacher
Washington
M. C. Martini
Washington
Mackinaw
Washington
W. S. Norris
Washington
CONSTABLES. (Terms Expire First Monday in May, 1921.)
Town
Name
Postoffice
Town '
Name
Postoffice
Cincinnati
F. M. La Rash
S. Pekin
Little Mackinaw J. Hammond
Minier
Cincinnati
J. J. Shay
S. Pekin
Mackinaw
Geo. White
Mackinaw
Deer Creek
Wm. F. Robbins
Deer Creek
Pekin
H. F. Arends
Pekin
Deer Creek
W. F. Wilson
Deer Creek
Pekin
W. A. Bailey
Pekin
Delavan
John Watkins
Delavan
Pekin
Harry Dwyer
Pekin
Delavan
Wm. W. Wilson
Delavan
Pekin
Jacob Graf
Pekin
Fondulac
Chas. Martin
E. Peoria
Pekin
Fred Mitchell
Pekin
Fondulac
Isaac Mckenzie
E. Peoria
Tremont
William Vale
Tremont
Hopedale
A. Hamilton
Hopedale
Washington
Alex D. Draher
Washington
Little Mackinaw David Bradley
Minier
POLICE MAGISTRATES.
Terms
Name
Postoffice
Expire
Bion C. Braden
. Morton
1918
J. A. Mason.
. Delavan
1919
James A. Edds.
Pekin
1919
C. F. Dainty.
. East Peoria
1919
William Keefer
Green Valley
1920
William D. Cooper
Washington
1921
W. T. Cales ..
Minier
1921
George W. Wadsworth.
Hopedale
1921
Frank Chestock
South Pekin
1921
East Peoria Drainage & Levee District-723.381 Acres.
COMMISSIONERS-Eugene Brown, Peoria; Horace Clark, Peoria; James E. Millard, Fast Peoria, Secretary.
Hickory Grove Drainage District-6039.50 Acres.
COMMISSIONERS-E. E. Ethel, Manito; R. R: Meeker, Mahito; Dedrich Velde, Peoria; R. L ... Mahr, Manito, Treasurer.
Spring Lake Drainage && Levee District-12060.31 Acres.
COMMISSIONERS-L. L. Preston, Pekin; Joseph Yentes, Morton; Howell J. Puterbaugh, Mackinaw; Henry G. Dodds, Morton, Secretary and Treasurer.
FOUTE.
. Fondulac
J. W. Burroughs Washington
Pekin
John R. Seibert
Pekin
Hittle
J. S. Forbes
Armington
179
PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
LIVESTOCK FARMER'S MEDICINE CHEST
By Dr. A. S. Alexander in Prairie Farmer.
When a farmer can employ a com- petent graduate veterinarian at rea- sonable expense it always is best to do so, and in all serious cases such expert help should be used even if the expense will be considerable. Unfortunately it is not always pos- sible to find such an expert or he may live at such a distance that an ordinary or trivial case will not warrant the expense of his employment, or the nearest veterinarian may not be a properly qualified practitioner, or is one in whom the stockman has no confidence.
For these reasons every owner of animals should keep some' simple remedies on hand, and these are nec- essary even on farms where profes- sional assistance can readily be had. It should be understood, however, that the untrained farmer should not attempt the administration of strong poisons, alkaloids and many prepara- tions used hypodermically by a gradu- ate veterinarian. Such preparations are extremely dangerous in the hands of the layman and are liable to do much more harm than good. The trained surgeon also should be de- pended upon for all major operations.
A cupboard may be set apart for storing medicines in a cool, dry place and where freezing will not occur in winter. A glass graduate and scales will be necessary for measuring and weighing medicines. Powdered drugs should be kept in tightly closed glass fruit jars and should be plainly labeled. They may soon lose their strength if exposed to the air. Poisons should be kept on a separate part of a shelf partitioned off for the purpose and away from simple, harmless drugs. Ointments, with the exception of fly blister, should be made up fresh at time of use. Liniment may be pre- pared and kept indefinitely if well corked.
The medicine case should also have a special division in which to keep a few instruments, bandages, suture silk
and absorbent cotton; or better still, these may be kept in a- handbag for immediate use as required. The emergency bag should contain a roll - of absorbent cotton, several rolled three-yard bandages of unbleached muslin in strips three inches wide, a pound or two of oakum, a spool of strong suture silk, half a dozen suture needles of assorted shapes and sizes, most of them large; a half-ounce, short-barreled, strong-nozzled hard rubber syringe, a two-ounce metal syringe, a cow trocar and canula for tapping a bloated animal, a pair of curved shears, a combination operat- ing knife containing a curved bistoury, a probe pointed bistoury and a strong straight scalpel, a few milking tubes and a teat bistoury, an artery forceps, metal probe, castrating knife and pair of horse clippers.
These will suffice, but there are many other useful instruments such as a clinical thermometer, horse tro- car, catheter and dentistry "float," which may be added from time to time. Some of the medicines to be listed later may also have a place in the emergency kit or bag, notably those needed for the treatment of wounds, and at hand should be a strong quart drenching bottle and ten feet of quarter-inch cotton rope with which to hold up a horse's head for drenching. A veterinary force pump is added on a large farm, but its place may be taken by three feet of new lawn sprinkling hose fitted with a large tin funnel. This is used to give a horse or cow a rectal injection. There should also be a six-foot piece of new half-inch rubber tubing for use in giving a cow or mare a vaginal injection.
Simple necessary medicines may best be listed under the following special heads:
Physics.
Epsom and Glauber Salts. Average dose for an adult cow, one pound in
180
FARMERS AND BREEDERS, TAZEWELL COUNTY
three pints of warin water. Dose for a horse, 12 ounces.
Castor Oil. Especially useful for young animals. Dose for a calf or foal, from 1 to 6 tablespoonfuls shaken up in milk.
Raw Linseed Oil (not boiled, which is poisonous). Average dose, one pint for constipation and to follow a dose of colic medicine, or contain medicine for colic.
Barbados Aloes (freshly powdered). Average dose, one ounce, to be given to an adult horse as a "physic ball."
Wound Medicines.
Keep in stock one pint each of car- bolic acid and coal tar disinfectant and a gallon can of the latter for dipping and disinfecting purposes. Two tea- spoonfuls to a pint of water ordinarily makes a sufficiently strong solution. Bleeding is stopped by applying Mon- sel's solution of iron on oakum or cotton batting, or applying Monsel's powder. As a wound lotion also keep on' hand a mixture of one ounce of sugar of lead and six drams of sul- phate of zinc in one pint of water. This is called "white lotion" and should be plainly labeled "poison" and well shaken before use.
Dusting Powders.
A dusting powder of equal parts of slacked lime, charcoal and sulphur is useful for application to surface wounds and sores. Boracic acid also is needed and a little iodoform may be added to keep flies away.
Liniments.
Keep on hand a pint (pound) each of turpentine and aqua ammonia. One ounce cach of these mixed with a pint of soft water, in which two raw eggs have been shaken up and the mixture left for 24 hours, will make a good stimulating liniment; or one ounce of each may be mixed with 6 to 14 ounces of raw linseed oil to make a very strong or comparatively mild liniment.
Lotions.
"White lotion" for wounds has al- ready been mentioned. Equal quan- tities of lime water and raw linseed oil make "carron oil," an excellent lotion for burns. Two to four ounces of Goulard's extract and one to two ounces of glycerine in one quart of
soft water form a useful lotion for scratches and mud fever of itchiness and "gumminess" of the legs. A good lotion for inflammation of the udder is made by mixing together one part each of fluid extracts of poke root and belladonna leaves and one part of tur- pentine with five parts of sweet oil, melted lard or camphorated oil. It is made weaker or stronger as required. Anodyne lotion for painful swellings is made by combining equal quantities of tinctures of opium, aconite, bella- donna and druggists' soap liniment. A small quantity of chloroform may be added. Mouth lotion consists of an ounce of powdered borax or alum in a quart of soft water; eye lotion of half a dram each of sulphate of zinc and fluid extract of belladonna in a quart of soft water.
Tonics.
Fowler's solution of arsenic is a good general tonic for rundown, thin, hidebound horses and those afflicted with chronic skin diseases or heaves (broken wind). The average dose is half an ounce (one tablespoonful) given night and morning until one quart has been given. The medicine may then be gradually discontinued, taking at least a week to the work. Dried sulphate of iron (copperas), dose one dram night and morning, is another good tonic, commonly com- bined with an equal dose of ground gentian root or ginger root, nux vomica, saltpeter and fenugreek as a condition powder. The dosc is one tablespoonful of the combination of drugs mixed in the feed night and morning for ten days. Omit sulphate of iron for pregnant animals. Nux is poisonous and must therefore be given with care. It is most useful as a nerve tonic and appetizer.
Colic Medicines.
Keep in stock one pound each of laudanum (dose, 1 to 2 ounces); es- sence of ginger root (dose, 1 to 2 drams); sulphuric acid (dose, 12 to 1 ounce); turpentine (dose, 1 to 2 ounces); granular hpyosulphite of soda (dose, 1 to 4 ounces). A dose of each of the first three medicines in a . pint of water containing two ounces of hpyosulphite of soda will prove effective for most colics. Two ounces of turpentine in a pint of raw linseed oil may be given for "wind" (flatulent)
181
PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
colic, or following the other medicine when the pain of "cramp" (spasmodic) colic has subsided.
Fever Medicines.
Powdered saltpeter is an important drug for animals. It is given in the fever of influenza, founder (laminitis) or lymphangitis (milk leg, also for stocking of the legs and other large swellings. A dram is the average dose. Give it every four or six hours in fever, twice daily for swellings, or with tonics as a condition powder, and in double doses for founder or milk leg. Do not give it in colt distemper, when abscesses are forming. It may often be administered in drinking water or a bran mash or damp feed. It also is given in tablespoonful doses once or twice daily for garget of the cow. Beware of aconite often given for fever. It is too dangerous a poison to be safely used by anyone other than a trained doctor.
Blister.
An effective blistering ointment is made by melting together three parts of lard and one-quarter part of finely shaved yellow beeswax, and then stirring in one part of powdered can- tharides (Spanish fly). Stir in a tin dish until cold, then store in a capped glass fruit jar. It improves with age. When using this blister clip off the hair, wash ahe skin clean, dry it per- fectly. Tie the horse up short in his stall, rub the blister in for fifteen minutes and then smear on some more blister. Wash the blister off in 48 hours and then apply a little lard daily. Do not cover a blistered part, or rub it on the loins, or on top of the hips, or use it after a poultice, or on irritated skin, or in very hot or cold weather.
Absorbents.
Never be without tincture of iodine to swab on swollen glands, tumors, forming abscesses, bony growths, capped or puffed joints, indolent sores or wounds, canker of the mouth in pigs and ringworm spots. It also is useful to inject into abscesses fistula and lump jaw cavities. lodine oint- ment is made by mixing one dram each of iodine crystals and iodide of potash in one ounce of land. This is used on swellings, sore necks and shoulders, puffs of all sorts, tumors,
forming abscesses, ringworm spots and enlargements of the udder. As an absorbent blister rub up one dram of biniodide of mercury with two ounces of the fly blister already men- tioned and use on bony growths, such as splints and ringbone, callouses, indolent sores, tumors of the udder.
Worm Medicines.
Gasoline is kept on most farms and in tablespoonful doses in six ounces of milk is the best remedy for stomach worms in sheep. Lambs take less in proportion. Two ounces of turpen- tine in a pint of raw linseed oil is effective as a starting dose for a "wormy horse." Follow with worm powders composed of equal parts of salt, sulphur and dried sulphate of iron. Dose, one tablespoonful night and morning for a week, then skip ten days and repeat. Omit iron for preg- nant animals. For worms of swine give one teaspoonful of turpentine in slop for three consecutive days for each eighty pounds of body weight; or one dram of dried sulphate of iron in slop for five successive mornings for each hundred pounds of body weight. Where swine are known to be seriously infested with worms, give eight grains of santonin and five grains of calomel in a little slop for each hundred pounds of body weight. Divide the pigs into lots of five and give the medicine in a little slop after starving the animals for eighteen hours. Care must be taken to give only the doses here prescribed, else damage may be done.
Disinfectants.
In the paragraph on wound inedi- cines it has been advised to keep car- bolic acid and coal tar disinfectant in stock. To these may be added for- maldehyde, bichloride of mercury tablets and permanganate of potash crystals. In disinfecting a stable a solution of four or five ounces of for- maldehyde to the gallon, or a 1-1,000 of bichloride of mercury (corrosive sublimate) or a 1-30 solution of car- bolic acid or coal tar disinfectant should be used after a thorough clean- sing of the premises. For wounds a 1-1,000 solution of corrosive sublimate also is the most effective disinfectant and a 1-500 solution should be used for disinfecting when a spore-form- ing germi, like that of anthrax, is pres-
182
FARMERS AND BREEDERS, TAZEWELL COUNTY
ent. Permanganate of potash is a useful mild disinfectant (antiseptic and deodorizer) in a 1-5,000 to a 1-50 solution. The weaker solution is used lukewarm for vaginal injection pur- poses, while the 2 per cent solution is useful for injection into cavities from which come bad-smelling discharges and for swabbing sores (cankers) of the mouth. As a wound lotion it is usual to employ a 2 to 5 per cent solution of carbolic acid, or lysol, or coal tar disinfectant. Carbolic acid is also much used as an internal disin- fectant in contagious abortion. Two drams of the acid is well diluted with water and mixed in soft feed for each pregnant cow every other night throughout pregnancy. Peroxide of hydrogen one part and clean water two or three parts is a popular dis- infectant for cleansing foul wounds.
Scour Medicines.
The farm medicine chest would not be completely stocked without some remedies for diarrhoea or scours. A mixture of one part of salol and two parts of bismuth (first prescibed years ago by the writer) has become a standard remedy among farmers. The average dose is one teaspoonful given two or three times a day and washed down with milk or water. The dose may be doubled in bad cases and for larger calves and foals. Prepared chalk, powdered alum, sulphur, pow- dered catechu, rhubarb and ginger root are also much used for diarrhoea.
Administering Medicines.
Small doses of liquid medicine, such as the average two-ounce dose of a fever medicine or tonic solution, are best given by means of a half-ounce hard rubber syringe. Expert veteri- narians sometimes give such medicines or bad-tasting drugs in gelatine cap- sules, or in form of a "ball." Worm, condition and tonic powders are mixed in damp grain feed. A large dose of liquid medicine is termed a "drench" and is given from a strong, long-necked bottle. A few inches of rubber hose may be fitted on the neck of such a bottle.
To drench a horse, back him into a stall, place a running noose of soft, small cotton rope or "clothes line" upon the upper incisor teeth, under the upper lip, and draw the noose tight, with the knot of the rope to
the front. Throw the loose end of the rope across an overhead beam, raise the horse's head, hold it there by means of the rope and pour the medicine into the mouth a little at a time until all is swallowed. Do not squeeze the throat of the horse when giving medicine and never pour the medicine into the nostril. If the horse will not swallow, pour a teaspoonful of cold water into a nostril and swal- lowing will instantly occur.
To drench a cow, place her in a stanchion or tie her in a stall. Walk up on her right side (milking side). Pass the left hand across her face and into her mouth. Hold her head in a straight line forward and slightly ele- vated, not turned to one side. Pour the medicine very slowly into the right side of the mouth. Let the head down instantly if the medicine causes the cow (or horse) to cough. Fluid given too fast passes into the paunch and is practically wasted. Administered slowly, it largely goes to the third and fourth stomachs and absorption takes place in the latter.
Sheep have to be very carefully drenched from a bottle to avoid chok- ing. Swine take medicine through a hole cut in the toe of an old shoe thrust into the mouth or from a short, strong rubber hose fitted in the neck of a strong bottle. Dogs take medi- cine in capsules inserted in meat or from a bottle or spoon emptied into a pouch formed of the lip and cheek.
Avoid "doping" animals unneces- sarily. Medicine should only be given when the animal is sick, should be the right medicine, and is best pre- scribed by an expert.
VALUE OF LABOR
The United States Department of Agriculture found mi 1855 that it re- quired four hours and 34 minutes of human labor to produce a bushel of corn. At the Minnesota experiment station it has been found recently that 45 minutes of human labor is about the average time required for the same work. In other words, human labor is worth six times as much as it was 60 years ago, due to the use of better machinery, better varieties of corn and better soil management.
183
PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
HOW TO ADJUST HORSE AND TRACTOR PLOWS
By C. O. Reed, University of Illinois, in Prairie Farmer
A GOOD plowman plows well with a minimum of draft. He knows that the quality of work done by the plow has considerable in- fluence upon the tilth of the soil, and that plowing at best is a very expen- sive operation.
It has been estimated that the an- nual plowing bill of this country is over $400,000,000 per year. When we consider that the draft of the plow may be increased considerably by common and easily remedied causes, and that the quality of its work may also be materially affected by simple manipulation of certain parts, the sub- ject of the proper adjustment of the plow becomes one of great import- ance. It is the purpose of this ar- ticle to discuss in a practical way important points bearing upon the ef- ficiency of the plow which are often overlooked by the average operator.
Probably the greatest cause for ex- cessive draft in plows is sidedraft. For the practical purposes of this discussion we may consider side-
draft, the loss of power or the in- crease in draft due to the center of the power not being directly ahead of the center of the load, or, in other words, it is the loss of power due to the true line of pull from the team or tractor not coinciding with the true line of draft of the plow. It is obvious that sidedraft cannot be elim- inated unless these two lines coin- cide. It is sometimes claimed that certain patent devices overcome side- draft. Such devices may overcome the sidewise tendency of the plow to some extent by transforming or shift- ing the sidedraft, but they cannot en- tirely eliminate loss of power unless the two lines coincide as described. If the plow is to be pulled with the minimum of power, a hitch must be used that will place the center of power directly ahead of the center, of the load.
When three horses are driven abreast on the common sizes of walk- ing plows or sulkies, sidedraft cannot
26
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JAVJO JO INIT
5-12
12
TRUE LINE OF DRAFT-TWO 14" BOTTOMS Fig. 1. Locating The True Line of Draft Is a Simplo Arithmetical Problem.
184
74101 TRUVITA OT WOHL
FARMERS AND BREEDERS, TAZEWELL COUNTY
be entirely eliminated; but with a high lift sulky it can be partially overcome, and a better quality work will usually result, if the rear fur- row wheel is set to lead slightly away from the furrow bank while the front furrow wheel is set to lead very slightly toward the furrow wall.
Sidedraft resulting from using four or five horses abreast on the ordinary sizes of sulkies and two bottom gang plows can be eliminated by using the tandem hitch. In such a hitch the true line of pull can be brought over the true line of draft. The draft of the implement will be lessened, and usually a better quality of work will result because the soil-working sur- faces of the implement will be held nearer their proper relation to the turning furrow slice.
One often hears these objections to the tandem hitch: it necessitates leav- ing a wide headland; it is a difficult formation in which to handle horses, and it increases draft because the team is "strung out." These objec- tions are not well founded. One might far better take a few extra trips across the headlands in finishing a field than to plow the whole field with loss of power, due to excessive sidedraft; the tandem formation is not a difficult method of driving horses if patience is used during the first half day until the animals be- come accustomed to the formation, and the "strung out" hitch on a gang plow really lessens the draft because the angle of elevation of hitch is de- creased.
If one wishes to make a four or five-horse tandem hitch he can secure detailed information from Prairie Farmer. Reliable plow manufacturers, however, are now making excellent four, five, six and seven-horse tandem hitches and it is doubtful if the aver- age operator can afford to make a hitch for five or more horses when these commercial hitches can be pur- chased at such a reasonable figure. In using a commercial hitch the plow- man should endeavor to attach it so that the true line of pull from the team will fall as near as possible to the true line of draft of the plow. Considering that the center of re- sistance of cach plow-bottom lies at a point in the lower corner of the moldboard two inches from the shin, it is a simple matter, as indicated in Fig. 1, to determine that the true
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