USA > Indiana > Lake County > A standard history of Lake County, Indiana, and the Calumet region, Volume I > Part 1
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M. L.
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02427 2491
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center
http://www.archive.org/details/standardhistoryo01howa
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W. 7. Howat
A STANDARD HISTORY OF
Lake County, Indiana
AND THE
Calumet Region
Under the Editorial Supervision of WILLIAM FREDERICK HOWAT, M. D. Hammond, Indiana
Assisted by
A. G. LUNDQUIST A. M. TURNER
C. O. HOLMES
GEORGE W. LEWIS CAPT. H. S. NORTON JOHN J. WHEELER ALBERT MAACK
VOLUME I
ILLUSTRATED
THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY CHICAGO AND NEW YORK 1915
22.50 ( 2 YOU)
PREFACE
1159706
In many respects the territory, the people, the institutions and the activities covered by this "History of Lake County and the Calumet Region" constitute a remarkable exposition of American amalgamation and development. In the Calumet Region, or Northern Lake County, has occurred, within comparatively recent years, one of the greatest industrial expansions of modern times, and, parallel with that magic growth, some of the most intelligent and original minds of the country have promulgated systems of practical public education which have been of untold benefit to thousands who come to that section from many foreign lands. Not only have they been given employment and abiding places, but they and their children have, at the very threshold of their American experience, been taught the advantages of mental, industrial and moral training. The two most striking features of the Calumet Region center in its gigantic industries and in its public schools, libraries and other uplifting institutions. If the melting pot was ever busy it is now turning out sturdy products, both of metal and of men, in the Calumet Region, and it is no more wonderful that $200,000,000 should have been drawn thither within a few years than that 40,000 men should have been absorbed, not only without friction, but with advantage to the communities at large.
What makes Lake County almost unique, also, is that outside of the Calumet Region there seems to be such a distinct cleavage in the texture of the population. With such towns as Crown Point and Lowell as centers, the citizens and rural residents, many of them descendants of the pioneers, are prone to be rather quiet and conservative in their dispositions. A strong element in these rural communities, especially in the western and southwestern sections of the county, is German and Dutch ; and it is a matter of universal history and present-day knowl- edge that no nationalities in the world have furnished more substantial colonists than those mentioned. Generally speaking, the old-time Ameri- can settlers from the Eastern United States located in the central and southern townships of Lake County. They are also more conservative
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PREFACE
than the business, financial and industrial leaders of the Calumet Region ; or, it may be more correct to say, that the more enterprising have drifted to Hammond, East Chicago, Indiana Harbor, Whiting and Gary, and given their substantial talents, with those of Chicagoans and other metropolitans, to the development of Northern Lake County.
All of these matters, with many more of like interest and diversity, have been traced in detail in the work which is herewith issued; and the total is such a large and complex subject that its thorough treat- ment would require the services of a wonderful linguist, a deep judge of human nature, an expert in all matters business, industrial, chemical, sociological, educational and religious. Although we have not been able to engage the services of such geniuses, we have enjoyed the coopera- tion of many faithful and able assistants, both as wise advisers and valued contributors. In that class we unqualifiedly place our advisory editors, A. M. Turner of Hammond, Capt. H. S. Norton and C. O. Holmes of Gary, George W. Lewis of East Chicago, John J. Wheeler and Albert Maack of Crown Point, and A. G. Lundquist of Indiana Harbor.
Many outside of our "official staff" have been of much service, such as Frank F. Heighway, Crown Point, county superintendent of schools ; C. M. McDaniel, Hammond's superintendent of schools; William A. Wirt, superintendent of the Gary schools; W. W. Holliday, superin- tendent of schools, Whiting; Carroll R. Woods, secretary of the Ham- mond Chamber of Commerce; S. E. Swaim, editor of the Hammond News; Edwin H. Farr, of the Whiting Call; A. J. Smith, Hobart Gazette; Ray Seeley, Hammond, county surveyor; Dr. E. M. Shanklin, Hammond, and A. D. Schaeffer, secretary of the Gary Commercial Club.
It would be inexcusable to omit indebtedness to the publications of the late Rev. T. H. Ball-especially to his "Lake County History of 1884," his "Northwest Indiana of 1900" and his "Lake County His- tory of 1904." Certain reports of the Old Settler and Historical Association have also been of assistance. The municipal officers of both Hammond and Gary have been most courteous and have furnished much invaluable information. Of the publications issued within recent years there is none upon which we have more relied than upon "The Calumet Survey," published by the Northwest Indiana Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The title of that publication is inade- quate-that is, from a glance at the title page one would be misled as to its scope, which is remarkably broad; and the generous plan of the work has been well and practically developed.
Finally, we wish to thank the clergymen of Lake County as a class for their prompt responses to our requests for information. If sketches
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of certain churches or other organizations are not found in the pages of this work, the explanation cannot be traced to any negligence on our part, but to the fact that, despite our efforts, we have not been able to obtain the data from the principals themselves.
That the work may display some errors is not to be denied; it is but another evidence of human fallibility; but that the number of these errors has been reduced to a minimum is largely due to the indefatigable efforts of H. G. Cutler. He has been painstaking and conscientious, and through his experience the work has progressed much more smoothly than if it had been left entirely to our editorial labors.
We have every reason to believe that the conclusion of our labors, which is the history itself, will be received with the same good will which has been continuously extended to its representatives in the progress of their work.
W. F. HOWAT, Supervising Editor.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
NATURE IN LAKE COUNTY
DISTINCT PHYSICAL FEATURES-THE GRAND AND LITTLE CALUMET- BALL'S DESCRIPTION OF THE CALUMET REGION-THE MAGIC HAND OF MAN-THE WOODLANDS OF LAKE COUNTY-THE GROVES-THE PRAIRIES AND THEIR PRODUCTS-FLOWERS OF BRIGHT AND VARIED HUE-GRASSES OF THE COUNTY-LAKE PRAIRIE, GEM OF THE COUNTY -THE WATERSHED THE KANKAKEE REGION- THE PASSING OF THE WATER FOWL -- THE COMING OF THE SPORTSMEN -- DRAINAGE AND DITCHES-DENUDED OF TIMBER. 1
CHAPTER II
RELATED GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
AN HISTORIC SHORT-CUT-INDIAN TRAILS THROUGH THE COUNTY-LA SALLE AND HIS BRAVES-HISTORY AND CONJECTURE-THE POTTA- WATOMIES IN A MAJORITY-SHAUBENEE, THE GREAT-ROBINSON, THE TRADER CHIEF-PEACEFUL INDIAN LIFE OF THE CALUMET-Mc- GWINN'S INDIAN VILLAGE-BURIAL AND DANCING GROUNDS-HOW THEY LIVED, DRESSED AND MOVED-LOST INTEREST IN ECONOMY- PIONEER STORES IN THE KANKAKEE REGION-REMAINS OF FIRST SET- TLERS AND TRAVELERS-YIELDING SKELETONS AND HISTORY-WAS THIS A MESSAGE FROM LA SALLE ?- RELICS AND COLLECTIONS-THE CHESHIRE AND YOUCHE ANTIQUITIES. 13
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CHAPTER III
PIONEER BUILDING
THE WHITE TRAPPER SUPPLANTS THE RED-EXTENT OF THE FUR TRADE -THE KANKAKEE TRAPPING REGION-CALUMET MUSKRATS AND DUCKS -CROPS WHICH CROWDED OUT THE FUR TRADE-HOME BUILDERS DISPLACE WHITE TRAPPERS-LAKE SHORE ROUTES AND TRAVELERS- THROUGH NORTHERN LAKE COUNTY IN 1834-VIRGINIAN-AFRAID-OF- THE-LAKE-THE FAMOUS LONG POLE BRIDGE-OLD BAILLYTOWN- OTHER EARLY STAGE ROUTES-TRAVELER SETTLES INTO SOLID CITIZEN -ANOTHER TRAVELER FINDS THE FIRST RESIDENT FARMER-INN KEEPERS ALONG THE BEACH-ROSS, THE FIRST SUBSTANTIAL PIONEER -JAMES ADAMS, NOTED GOVERNMENT MESSENGER-PUBLIC LANDS SURVEYED-SETTLERS OF 1834-SOLON ROBINSON AND CROWN POINT- THE ORIGINAL BUTLER CLAIMS-A HAMLET BORN-MAIN STREET LINED OUT-DISAPPEARANCE OF THE OLD ROBINSON HOUSE-FOUNDER OF WIGGINS POINT-PLOWING UP THE OLD INDIAN CEMETERY-THE BRYANT SETTLEMENT AND PLEASANT GROVE-OTHER SETTLERS IN 1835-SOLON ROBINSON'S HISTORICAL SYNOPSIS-LAKE COURTHOUSE POSTOFFICE - COUNTY ORGANIZED - INDIANA CITY - LIVERPOOL FOUNDED-GEORGE EARLE, A REAL PROMOTER-THE JOHN B. CHAP- MAN TITLES-JOHN WOOD AND WOODVALE-SETTLERS AROUND RED CEDAR LAKE-HERVEY BALL-BAPTIST PIONEERS OF LAKE COUNTY- FIRST BAPTIST SOCIETY FORMED-LEWIS WARRINER-RECOGNIZED AS CEDAR LAKE BAPTIST CHURCH-FIRST METHODIST MISSION-CROWN POINT METHODIST CHURCH FOUNDED-THE CHURCHES, CUTLERS AND ROCKWELLS-1837, ALSO A BUSY YEAR-EBENEZER SAXTON SUCCEEDS JERE WIGGINS-MERRILLVILLE FOUNDED-THE BROWNS OF EAGLE CREEK-SETTLEMENT OF THE WEST CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD-SOME ENGLISH SETTLERS-GERMAN CATHOLICS OF ST. JOHNS TOWNSHIP- GERMAN LUTHERANS OF HANOVER TOWNSHIP-EARLY SAWMILLS AND BRIDGES-1838, FIRST YEAR OF BRIDGE-BUILDING-COMING OF SAMUEL TURNER AND WIFE-JUDGE DAVID TURNER-SQUATTERS' UNION PROTECTS SETTLERS 25
CHAPTER IV PIONEER MEMORIES
BARTLETT WOODS-A PIONEER PICTURE-THE CABIN AND ITS FURNITURE -FELLOW FEELING THAT MADE US WONDROUS KIND-MARVELOUS IN-
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DUSTRY-REASONS FOR SLOW GROWTH-LACK OF TRANSPORTATION- FIRST FREE SOIL MEETING-HISTORIC RELICS OF LAKE COUNTY PIONEERS PRESENTED BY T. H. BALL, MRS. M. J. DINWIDDIE, T. A. MUZZALL, LEWIS G. LITTLE, MRS. M. J. HYDE AND OTHERS-CON- DENSED ACCOUNT OF THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL-WHAT OF THE 1934 GATHERING ?- MRS. S. J. MONTEITH'S MEMORIES-A LONESOME PIONEER SISTER-HONEY EXCHANGED FOR APPLES-AN OLD LETTER OF 1843-THE IMMORTAL "THANATOPSIS"-AUNT SUSAN TURNER- RECOLLECTIONS OF JAMES H. LUTHER-THE OLD STAGE ROUTES- FIRST OF THE CALUMET INDUSTRIAL REGION-FIRST COUNTY ELEC- TIONS-NORTH TOWNSHIP BOUNDED EARLY FIGURES FOR NORTH AND HOBART TOWNSHIPS-SIX EARLY YEARS COVERED BY T. H. BALL-DIS- COVERY OF ROBINSON'S PRAIRIE-THE FIRST COLONY AT CROWN POINT -TURNING OF THE FIRST FURROW-ADDITIONS TO ORIGINAL COLONY- HAMLET GROWING INTO A VILLAGE-POSTOFFICE OF LAKE COURT HOUSE .- TOWN SITE REGULARLY PURCHASED-LAKE COURT HOUSE, THE COUNTY SEAT-NAMED CROWN POINT-SETTLERS AROUND RED CEDAR LAKE-THE HERVEY BALL PLACE-THE VON HOLLEN AND HERLITZ FAMILIES-THE TAYLORS-DAVID AGNEW FROZEN TO DEATH. . . ... 60
CHAPTER V PIONEER MOTHERS OF THE COUNTY
AFFECTION AND ADMIRATION, BOTH-MRS. HARRIET WARNER HOLTON- LAKE COUNTY'S FIRST TEACHER-MRS. MARIA ROBINSON-MRS. THOMAS CHILDERS AND MRS. WILLIAM CLARK-MRS. LUMAN A. FOWLER-MRS. JANE A. H. BALL, TEACHER AND DOCTOR-"TOILING FOR THE GOOD OF ALL"-MRS. GEORGE A. WOODBRIDGE-MRS. NANCY AGNEW, STANCH WIDOW-MARGARET JANE DINWIDDIE, COOL AND COURAGEOUS-MRS. MARGARET DINWIDDIE (NEE PERKINS), EDUCATOR -CHRISTIAN AND METHODIST CHURCH WORKERS-LEADING WOMEN OF FOREIGN BIRTH-TYPICAL NEW ENGLAND WOMEN-MRS. BEN- JAMIN MCCARTY-MRS. BELSHAW AND MRS. HACKLEY-"AUNT SUSAN" TURNER-MRS. J. HIGGINS-MOTHERS OF LARGE FAMILIES- LIKE THE PATRIARCHAL TIMES-MRS. SAMUEL TURNER-MOTHERS THAT WERE MOTHERS .88
CHAPTER VI COUNTY ORGANIZATION
FIRST ELECTION OF COUNTY OFFICERS-FIRST COMMISSIONERS' MEETING -THE ROUT OF THE TIMBER THIEVES-DIVIDED INTO THREE TOWN-
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SHIPS-TEMPORARY COURTHOUSE BUILT -- A "PRISON" FITTED UP- OLD COURT ROOM OF HISTORIC MEMORIES- JAIL BECOMES A TEMPER- ANCE HALL-CROWN POINT WINS COUNTY SEAT FIGHT-BENJAMIN MCCARTY-PIONEER PROMOTERS OF CROWN POINT-CREATION OF THE PRESENT TOWNSHIPS-OTHER COUNTY BUILDINGS-AGITATION FOR BETTER COURTHOUSE-THE COURTHOUSE OF 1880 -- THE CARE OF THE COUNTY POOR-COURTHOUSE REMODELED AND ENLARGED-JUDICIAL AND OFFICIAL ACCOMMODATIONS AT HAMMOND-LATE ATTEMPTS TO REMOVE COUNTY SEAT-RATHER A DISCOURAGING DECADE-MISCEL- LANEOUS FIGURES FOR 1847-PROSPEROUS ERA, 1850-60-ANOTHER DECADE OF "HARD TIMES" -- A GREAT RAILROAD PERIOD-RELIGIOUS STATISTICS-LARGE LAND OWNERS-COMPARATIVE POPULATION IN 1910, 1900 AND 1890-NORTH TOWNSHIP, CENTER OF POPULATION- CITIES IN THE CALUMET REGION -- THE FINANCES OF LAKE COUNTY -VALUE OF REAL ESTATE AND PERSONAL PROPERTY-TAXABLE CAPAC- ITY-THE ROADS OF LAKE COUNTY-BONDED INDEBTEDNESS-FINAN- CIAL STATUS OF DIFFERENT ROADS (BY TOWNSHIPS) 100
CHAPTER VII
CALUMET TOWNSHIP
EARLY INDUSTRY OF CALUMET TOWNSHIP -- TOLLESTON, THE OLD PART OF GARY-WONDERFUL RISE OF GARY-GRIFFITH, GRAND RAILWAY CROSS- ING-CLARKE STATION-ROSS-THE HORNORS, DAVID AND AMOS- REV. GEORGE A. WOODBRIDGE 128
CHAPTER VIII
CEDAR CREEK TOWNSHIP
BEAUTIFUL LAKE PRAIRIE -- THE TAYLORS-LOWELL AS A TIMBER AND MILL SEAT-M. A. HALSTED, FOUNDER OF LOWELL-THE NEW HAMP- SHIRE SETTLEMENT-THOMAS AND JOSEPH A. LITTLE-ABIEL GERRISH -SAMUEL AND EDWARD P. AMES-RECOLLECTIONS OF MRS. NANNIE W. AMES-FIRST SETTLERS-THE NEW HAMPSHIRE SETTLERS- SIIELBY-RICHARD FULLER-CRESTON-A PATRIARCH INDEED. . . . 134
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CHAPTER IX
CENTER TOWNSHIP
VARIED AND BEAUTIFUL-FIRST SETTLEMENT-THE WARRINERS-CEDAR LAKE'S EARLY FAME-THE TAYLORS AND THEIR CONNECTIONS-CAL- VIN LILLEY AND HIS HOTEL-DOCTOR LILLEY AND ADONIJAH TAYLOR, PARTNERS-NEIGHBORHOOD EXTENDS SOUTHWARD-THE KNICKER- BOCKERS AND WESTBROOK FAMILY-THE DILLES AND WARRINERS- EASTERN SETTLEMENT GROWS-EDUCATION AND RELIGION-THE MCCARTYS AND WEST POINT-LEWIS WARRINGER AND FAMILY-WEST POINT ABANDONED-GRAYTOWN ALSO A FAILURE-COMMENCEMENT OF THE "RESORT" BUSINESS-YOUNG AMERICA IS LAUNCHED-OTHER IMPROVEMENTS-RICHARD FANCHER AND THE FAIR GROUNDS. . . . . 144
CHAPTER X EAGLE CREEK TOWNSHIP
SOUTHEAST GROVE-PRESENT EAGLE CREEK TOWNSHIP-FIRST SETTLERS -SOUTHEAST GROVE CEMETERY SOCIETY-GROVE SCHOOLHOUSES- LITERARY WRESTLINGS-THE TURNERS, DINWIDDIES AND PEARCES. 156
CHAPTER XI HANOVER TOWNSHIP
ADVANCE GERMAN COLONISTS-HENRY SASSE, SR .- HENRY VON HOLLEN -LEWIS HERLITZ-HERMAN DOESCHER-H. KLASS AND KLASSVILLE- JOHN H. MEYER, FATHER AND SON-FOUNDER OF HANOVER CENTER AND BRUNSWICK-GERMAN LUTHERANS, METHODISTS AND EVANGELI- CALS-OTHER CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS 162
CHAPTER XII
HOBART TOWNSHIP
INDUSTRIAL CENTER FORCED WESTWARD-FIRST TOWNSHIP PIONEERS- LIVERPOOL, THE FIRST TOWN-HOBART IN THE ROUGH-LAKE STATION AS A GOOD SHIPPING POINT-MILLER'S STATION-NEW CHICAGO. . 168
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CHAPTER XIII
NORTH TOWNSHIP
ONLY A GENERAL VIEW-ANOTHER WEST POINT-JOSEPH HESS AND GIBSON-HIESSVILLE AND HAMMOND-MUNSTER, AMERICAN-DUTCH SETTLEMENT-DUTCH SETTLERS OF 1855-HIGHLAND-WHITING AND THE "STANDARD"-EAST CHICAGO AND INDIANA HARBOR. 173
CHAPTER XIV ROSS TOWNSHIP
UNJUST TRICK OF FATE-WOODVALE (DEEP RIVER)-THE WOOD SETTLE- MENT AND DESCENDANTS -- LONE JERE WIGGINS-SAXTON ABSORBS THE WIGGINS CLAIM-MERRILLVILLE SUCCEEDS CENTERVILLE-AINSWORTH AND LOTTAVILLE-MORE RURAL THAN URBAN. .180
CHAPTER XV
ST. JOHN TOWNSHIP
' IN THE ROUTE OF A GREAT WESTERN ROAD-JOHN HACK, PIONEER GER- MAN-OTHER PIONEER CATHOLICS-DEATH AS A LEVELER OF CREEDS- CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST-DESCENDANTS OF THE PIONEER GERMAN CATHOLICS-ST. JOHN, THE VILLAGE-FRANCIS P. KEILMANN -DYER AND A. N. HART-MR. HART'S DEATH-GEORGE F. DAVIS, RAISER OF FINE LIVE STOCK-DYER OF TODAY-HARTSDALE-NICHOLS SCHERER AND SCHERERVILLE 185
CHAPTER XVI
WEST CREEK AND WINFIELD TOWNSHIPS
GENERAL FEATURES-FIRST SETTLERS OF WEST CREEK TOWNSHIP- -JOSEPH JACKSON AND THE FIRST STORE-FIRST SCHOOL-THE HAY- DENS AND HATIIAWAYS-PIONEER CHURCH-NORTHEASTERN SETTLE- MENTS-THIE BELSHAWS -- ELDER MORRISON UNMATED-PIONEER SCHOOLIIOUSES-EARLY TIMES IN WEST CREEK TOWNSHIP-RECLAIM- ING THE SWAMP LANDS-WINFIELD TOWNSIIIP-LEROY AND PALMER- DENNIS PALMER 193
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CHAPTER XVII
SCHOOLS OF LAKE COUNTY
MONGREL SCHOOLS-FIRST SCHOOL IN THE COUNTY-DEATH OF MRS. HARRIET W. HOLTON-MRS. HERVEY (JANE A. H.) BALL-THE BALL BOARDING SCHOOL-FIRST LITERARY SOCIETIES-EAST CEDAR LAKE TEACHERS-AN OLD-TIME SCHOOLHOUSE-SCHOOL FINANCES-TWO DISTINGUISHED GRADUATES-REV. WILLIAM TOWNLEY'S SCHOOL-MISS MARY E. PARSONS AND MRS. SARAH J. ROBINSON-OTHER SELECT SCHOOLS-LAWS AFFECTING LAKE COUNTY SCHOOLS-FIRST TEACH- ERS' INSTITUTE-WILLIAM W. CHESHIRE-SCHOOL EXAMINERS OF THE COUNTY-FIRST NORMAL SCHOOL-LAKE COUNTY GYMNASIUM AND NORMAL SCHOOL-NORMAL SCHOOLS CONDUCTED BY COUNTY SUPERIN- TENDENTS-SCHOOL AND TOTAL POPULATION-PRESENT-DAY FIELD OF COUNTY EDUCATION-OUTDOOR IMPROVEMENT OF COUNTRY SCHOOLS- INDOOR IMPROVEMENT-TEACHING CHILDREN HOW TO PLAY-AGRI- CULTURAL EDUCATION-WIDE USEFULNESS OF CONSOLIDATED SCHOOLS -IMPROVING THE TEACHING FORCE-STATISTICS, 1912-14. .202
CHAPTER XVIII
PROFESSIONAL REPRESENTATIVES
THE PIONEER LEGAL FIELD-JUDGE WILLIAM CLARK-JUDGE HERVEY BALL-DOCTOR AND JUDGE H. D. PALMER-FIRST PRACTICING LAWYER -OTHER PIONEER "JUDGES"-WELCOME TO THE MARRIAGE FEAST- MARTIN WOOD AND HIS GOOD WORKS-TIMOTHY CLEVELAND-HON. THADDEUS S. FANCHER-A FOUNDER OF THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM- ELIHU GRIFFIN-CHARLES S. GRIFFIN, SECRETARY OF STATE-HON. J. W. YOUCHE-THE LATE J. FRANK MEEKER-HON. JOHANNES KOPELKE-PRESENT-DAY JUDICIARY-HON. J. H. GILLETT-HON. WIL- LIS C. McMAHAN-HON. VIRGIL S. REITER-HON. LAWRENCE BECKER -HON. CHARLES E. GREENWALD-JAMES A. PATTERSON -- FATHER OF THE SUPERIOR COURTHOUSE-UNITED STATES COURTS AT HAMMOND -PRESENT BAR OF HIGH GRADE-HON. E. C. FIELD-PETER CRUM- PACKER-A. F. KNOTTS-FRANK N. GAVIT-LAKE COUNTY BAR ASSO- CIATION-CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE DISTRICTS-HON. THOMAS J. WOOD-REPRESENTED THE OLD COLFAX DISTRICT-HON. JOHN B. PETERSON-THE FIRST TWO PHYSICIANS-NOT OUTDONE BY ANY INDIAN-DRS. YEOMAN AND FARRINGTON-DR. A. J. PRATT-DR.
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HARVEY PETTIBONE-DR. HENRY PETTIBONE-DR. JOHN HIGGINS- OTHER EARLY PHYSICIANS OF CROWN POINT-DRS. P. P. AND EDWARD R. GORDON-OTHER HOBART PHYSICIANS-CORO- NER FRANK W. SMITH-DR. H. L. IDDINGS, MERRILLVILLE -LAKE COUNTY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION-DR. W. F. HOWAT-CROWN POINT, EARLIEST NEWSPAPER CENTER-FATHERS OF LAKE COUNTY JOURNALISM-CROWN POINT REGISTER APPEARS-COLONEL JOHN WHEELER-ZERAH F. SUMMERS-JOHN MILLIKAN, VETERAN-LAKE COUNTY STAR AND JOHN J. WHEELER-THE PRESS OF HAMMOND- EAST CHICAGO-THE CALL, OF WHITING-LOWELL NEWSPAPERS-THE PRESS OF HOBART-GARY FERTILE IN NEWSPAPERS 226
CHAPTER XIX
THE MILITIA AND WAR
THE MEXICAN WAR-JOSEPH P. SMITH RAISES COMPANY-THE CIVIL WAR RECORD-HONORED DEAD-NASHVILLE AS A GRAVEYARD- CHARLES BALL AND STILLMAN A. ROBBINS-OTHER DEATHS OF LAKE COUNTY SOLDIERS-CAPT. JOHN M. FOSTER-SKETCH OF THE TWELFTH CAVALRY-CAPT. W. S. BABBITT-LIEUT. JOHN P. MERRILL-VET- ERAN OF MEXICAN AND CIVIL WARS-HOW THE WOMEN AIDED-TWO GRAND WAR NURSES-SOLDIERS' MONUMENT FOR SOUTHERN LAKE COUNTY-MEMORIAL UNVEILED-MRS. ABBIE CUTLER-SPANISH-AMER- ICAN WAR .254
CHAPTER XX
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION
EFFECT OF THE RAILROADS ON PRIMITIVE LIFE-THE YOKE REMOVED FROM THE OXEN-THE PASSING OF THE OLD ORDER-FIRST RAILROADS IN LAKE COUNTY-PIONEER RAILWAY STATIONS-HOBART AND TOLLESTON -THE PAN HANDLE COMES-THE BALTIMORE & OHIO-THE GRAND TRUNK'S MILK TRAIN-THE NICKEL PLATE, ERIE AND MONON LINES -THE I. I. I .- RAILROADS OF THIRTY YEARS AGO-EARLY ROAD BUILDING IN THE KANKAKEE MARSHES-CALUMET REGION ASSERTS ITSELF-EAST CHICAGO ARISES-WHITING AND THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY-HAMMOND FORGES AHEAD- THE WABASH LINE-PROS- PEROUS EXPOSITION YEAR-LOCAL PHASES OF GREAT RAILROAD STRIKE
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-THE TWO HAMMOND FACTIONS-FIRST ELECTRIC LINE-BUILDING OF GRAVEL ROADS-THE BELT LINES-STATE LINE INTERLOCKING PLANT-EXPANSION OF ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GARY & INTERURBAN RAILWAY-CHICAGO, LAKE SHORE & SOUTH BEND-HAMMOND, WHIT- ING & EAST CHICAGO LINE-RAILROAD YARDS AND WORKS-NOTABLE FEATURE OF THE PRESENT 263
CHAPTER XXI CALUMET REGION INDUSTRIES
THE HOHMANS OF HAMMOND-OTHER PIONEER FAMILIES-RISE OF THE FRESH BEEF BUSINESS-SHIPPING COMPANY FORMED-STATE LINE SLAUGHTER HOUSE FOUNDED-THE HOHMAN BOARDING HOUSE --- START OF HAMMOND-MARCUS H. TOWLE-FIRST SHIPMENT OF RE- FRIGERATED BEEF-MR. TOWLE AND MR. HAMMOND DIFFER-THOMAS HAMMOND ENTERS BUSINESS-A BIG, WARM MAN-BURNING OF SLAUGHTER HOUSE-JAMES N. YOUNG-THE W. B. CONKEY PLANT -SIMPLEX RAILWAY APPLIANCE COMPANY-STANDARD STEEL CAR WORKS-ILLINOIS CAR AND EQUIPMENT COMPANY-FITZ HUGH LUTHER COMPANY-NORTHERN INDIANA GAS AND ELECTRIC WORKS -F. S. BETZ MANUFACTORY-AMERICAN MAIZE COMPANY-FOOD PRODUCTS OF REID, MURDOCH & COMPANY-CHAMPION POTATO MA- CHINES-STAUBE PIANO PLANT-THE HAMMOND DISTILLERY-THE HAMMOND ELEVATOR-ENTERPRISE BED COMPANY-EAST CHICAGO FOUNDED-THE INLAND STEEL COMPANY'S WORKS-INDIANA HAR- BOR INDUSTRIES-AMERICAN STEEL FOUNDRIES-OTHER STEEL PLANTS -GREEN ENGINEERING COMPANY-ALUMINUM FACTORY-REFINING COMPANIES-UTILIZATION OF TIN "WASTE"-THE GRASSELLI CHEM- ICAL WORKS-CUDAHY PRODUCTS-EAST CHICAGO DOCKS-INTER- STATE IRON AND STEEL PLANT-HUBBARD STEEL FOUNDRIES-THE LIMBERT WORKS-REPUBLIC IRON AND STEEL WORKS-MAKERS OF STEEL TANKS-ASPHALT ELECTRIC CONDUITS-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT-RIVET AND BOLT MANUFACTORY-A LARGE SUBJECT-STAND- ARD OIL PLANT AT WHITING-HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE-ORIG- INAL OWNERS OF THE WHITING PLAT-FIRST BUILDERS OF THE OIL PLANT-OIL CLOTH AND ASPHALT FACTORIES-GARY, YOUNG BUT QUITE FINISHED-TRANSPORTATION BY LAND AND WATER-THE FACE OF NATURE CHANGED-SOME BIG FACTS ABOUT THE STEEL MILLS- AMERICAN SHEET AND TIN PLATE PLANT-UNIVERSAL PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY-AMERICAN BRIDGE COMPANY, AMBRIDGE-GARY BOLT AND SCREW WORKS-INDUSTRIES OF THE FUTURE-INDUSTRIAL SUMMARY .285
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CHAPTER XXII
BANKS AND BANKERS
IN HONOR OF JOHN BROWN-THE SPEAKERS-FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CROWN POINT-PERSONAL SIDE OF JOHN BROWN-SECOND BANK IN THE COUNTY-FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HAMMOND-FOUNDED BY MESSRS. TOWLE AND HAMMOND-REORGANIZED BY MESSRS. TURNER AND BELMAN-FIRST TRUST COMPANY-OTHER FINANCIAL PIONEERS -ABSORPTION OF THE COMMERCIAL BANK-LAKE COUNTY SAVINGS AND TRUST COMPANY-CITIZENS GERMAN NATIONAL-STATE NATIONAL BANK OF LOWELL-BANK OF WHITING-FIRST NATIONAL, OF WHIT- ING-EAST. CHICAGO BANK-FIRST NATIONAL, OF EAST CHICAGO-IN- DIANA HARBOR NATIONAL BANK-FIRST CALUMET TRUST AND SAVINGS BANK-FIRST STATE BANK OF TOLLESTON-FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF GARY-GARY STATE BANK-NORTHERN STATE BANK-SOUTH SIDE TRUST AND SAVINGS BANK-OTHER LATE BANKS AND TRUST COMPA- NIES-COMMERCIAL AND PEOPLES STATE BANKS, CROWN POINT- LOWELL NATIONAL BANK-FIRST NATIONAL BANK, DYER-FARMERS AND MERCHANTS BANK, HIGHLAND. .325
CHAPTER XXIII
HAMMOND AS A CORPORATION
SHORT TOWN REGIME-MUNICIPAL INCORPORATION-GROWTH BY WARDS -HAMMOND'S SEVEN MAYORS-OTHER CITY OFFICIALS-THE CITY HALL-FUNCTIONS OF THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT-RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES-TAX LEVY AND TAXABLE PROPERTY-BONDED INDEBT- EDNESS AND APPROPRIATIONS-HAMMOND'S FUTURE TERRITORY-ELEV- ENTH WARD CREATED-SEWERS, PAVEMENTS AND SIDEWALKS-AREA OF CITY PARKS-RAILROADS IN THE CITY-NEW BUILDINGS-WATER SYSTEM-FIRE DEPARTMENT-POLICE DEPARTMENT-PARKS AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH-THE PUBLIC LIBRARY-FIRST MOVEMENT BY SHAKESPEARE CLUB-FIRST PUBLIC LIBRARY-PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND EDUCATORS-FOUNDATION OF SYSTEM-PUBLIC SCHOOLS, 1892-1904- POINTS FROM SUPERINTENDENT MCDANIEL-FRIEND OF THE BACKWARD PUPIL-HAMMOND'S CHAMBER OF COMMERCE .336
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CHAPTER XXIV
HAMMOND'S CHURCHES AND SOCIETIES
ST. PAUL'S EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH-FIRST METHODIST EPIS- COPAL CHURCH-ST. JOSEPH'S CATHOLIC CHURCH-FIRST CONGREGA- TIONAL CHURCH-FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH-ST. PAUL'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH-THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH-FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH- ST. CASIMER'S CATHOLIC CHURCH-ST. JOHANNES' GERMAN EVAN- GELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH-ZION'S GERMAN METHODIST CHURCH- EVANGELICAL IMMANUEL CHURCH-ALL SAINTS CATHOLIC CHURCH -JEWISH CONGREGATIONS AND SOCIETIES-FRIEDENS EVANGELICAL CHURCH-ST. MARY'S CHURCH-OTHER CHURCHES-HAMMOND'S MASONIC HISTORY-ODD FELLOWS LODGES-INDEPENDENT ORDER OF FORESTERS-KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS AND PYTHIAN SISTERS-THE ELKS CLUB-KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF MACCABEES-DAUGHTERS OF LIBERTY -MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA-LOYAL ORDER OF MOOSE- KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS-FRATERNAL ORDER OF EAGLES-OTHER SECRET AND BENEVOLENT BODIES-THE HAMMOND CLUB-HAMMOND WOMAN'S CLUB-THE HAMMOND COUNTRY CLUB-OTHER SOCIAL AND LITERARY CLUBS-THE HAMMOND SETTLEMENT 360
CHAPTER XXV
THE CITY OF GARY
GARY LAND COMPANY COMMENCES OPERATIONS-TOWN GOVERNMENT ORGANIZED-INCREASE OF CORPORATE TERRITORY-MAYOR THOMAS E. KNOTTS-WORK OF THE GARY LAND COMPANY-LIGHT, WATER AND POWER-MONEY EXPENDED ON GARY-FIRST STREETS OPENED BY THE TOWN-EXTENSION OF BROADWAY-SIMPLE FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT -CITY AREA AND TOPOGRAPHY-STREET MILEAGE AND IMPROVE- MENTS-WORK OF THE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT-THE CITY HALL -GARY PUBLIC LIBRARY-THE GARY PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM-EMER- SON AND FROEBEL SCHOOLS-SYSTEM DESCRIBED BY SUPERINTENDENT WIRT-LARGE SLAV ELEMENT-COMMERCIAL BODIES-HOSPITALS- NEW POSTOFFICE TO COME-A CITY OF CHURCHES-HOLY ANGELS CATHOLIC CHURCH-FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH-FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH-CHRIST CHURCH (EPISCOPAL)-FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH-BAPTIST CHURCHES FOR COLORED PEOPLE-THE PRESBY- TERIANS-FIRST REFORMED CHURCH-JEWISH TEMPLES - LATER
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CHRISTIAN CHURCHES-OTHER PROTESTANT CHURCHES-CHURCHES FOR THE FOREIGN BORN-THE Y. M. C. A. OF GARY-THE W. C. T. U .- GARY AS A LODGE CITY. .383
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