USA > Indiana > Jay County > Biographical and historical record of Jay and Blackford Counties, Indiana : containing portraits and biographies of some of the prominent men of the state : engravings of prominent citizens in Jay and Blackford Counties, with personal histories of many of the leading families and a concise history of Jay and Blackford Counties and their cities and villages. > Part 1
USA > Indiana > Blackford County > Biographical and historical record of Jay and Blackford Counties, Indiana : containing portraits and biographies of some of the prominent men of the state : engravings of prominent citizens in Jay and Blackford Counties, with personal histories of many of the leading families and a concise history of Jay and Blackford Counties and their cities and villages. > Part 1
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LILLY LIBRARY
EARLHAM COLLEGE
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/biographicalhist00unse
BIOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL
RECORD
OF
5, FAI
JAY AND BLACKFORD COUNTIES, INDIANA.
CONTAINING PORTRAITS OF ALL THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES FROM WASHINGTON TO CLEVELAND, WITH ACCOMPANYING BIOGRAPHIES OF EACH; A CONDENSED HISTORY OF THE STATE OF INDIANA; PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHIES OF SOME OF THE PROMINENT MEN OF THE STATE; ENGRAVINGS OF PROMINENT CITIZENS IN JAY AND BLACKFORD COUNTIES, WITH PERSONAL HISTORIES OF MANY OF THE LEADING FAMILIES, AND A CON- CISE HISTORY OF JAY AND BLACKFORD COUNTIES AND THEIR CITIES AND VILLAGES.
THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 113 ADAMS STREET, CHICAGO. 1887.
Friends
F
532 J4
B6
*
M
CONTENTS.
PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.
George Washington 9
John Adams. 14
Thomas Jefferson. 20
James Madison. 26
James Monroe.
23
John Quincy Adams 38
Andrew Jackson 47
Martin Van Buren.
52
William Henry Harrison 56
John Tyler.
60
James K. Polk 64
Zachary Taylor. 68
Millard Fillmore. 73
Franklin Pierce
72
James Buchanan.
80
tory
.133
Abraham Lincoln.
84
Governor Harrison and the In-
dians. .
.134
Andrew Johnson
93
Ulysses S. Gran
96
Rutherford B. Hayes. 102
James A. Garfield 109
Chester A. Arthur.
113
Grover Cleveland.
117
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
Former Occupants 123
Pre-Historic Races.
123
Agricultural
151
Explorations by the Whites.
125
Educational. .
151
Benevolent and Penal Institu-
tions.
154
PROMINENT MEN
OF
INDIANA.
Oliver P. Morton .
161
Thomas A. Hendricks
165
Schuyler Colfax.
169
James D. Williams
173
Robert Dale Owen
177
HISTORY OF JAY COUNTY, RESP
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
.
A.
Abel, O. E. .322
Abel, W. H. 554
Adair, O. H ..
.371
Albertson, Benjamin . 504
Alexander, Alfred.
.363
Allen, A. W.
.623
Andrew, H. A 660
Antles, D. A. .492
Armstrong, J. V. 536
Armstrong, S., C. H. & J .. .456
Arthur, C. S .616
Axe, Frederick
.679
Ayers, Henry .468
B.
Bailey, J. C. .537
Baker, D. V.
354
Banta, J. L. 429
Barnell, J. W
529
Barnett, A. J .436
Barr, J. D.
.561
Bosworth, Augustus. 636
Bosworth, Jacob .611
Bosworth, J. M. 559
Bosworth, Thomas 590
Bowman, R. W. 448
Bradley, B. R. 333
Bradley, John. .317
Brake, A. J. 309
Branstetter, John. 389
Briscoe, S. M.
322
Briscoe, T. S.
305
Bickel, Jacob. . 631
Bickel, J. A. .662
Bimel, Fritz. 457
Birdsall, Joel .632
Birdsall, W. P. .508
Bishop, Josephus. .511
Blazer, Samuel 353
Bonnel, L. B ... 421
Bost, Elias. 342
Barr, J. H. .638
Barrett, E. E .532
Barrick, I. G. .303
Beard, Lewis .324
Beard, W. P .555
Bechdalt, P. C. 589
Beck, Nathan. 515
Bell, Jolın .352
Berkheimer, W. F .639
Bickel, A. J. .622
Brown, John. .514
Brown, M. A. .668
Brown, O. B. 681
Brubaker, J. R. 490
Bruner, L. J. 399
Bryan, John. 899
General Review. 136 Organization of the State ..... 137 Indiana in the Mexican War ... 138 Indiana in the War for the Union. 138
Financial.
148
Internal Improvements
149
Geology
150
National Policies.
126
Expeditions of Colonel George
R. Clark.
.127
Government of the Northwest. 129
Expeditions of St. Clair and
Wayne .. 132
Organization of Indiana Terri-
Civil Matters.
136
CONTENTS.
Buirley, Miller .397
Bunker, F. S. .404
Burr, Adam. .351
Burris, Albert. 653
Burris, John .. .648
Butcher, G. W .695
Butcher, Ira .. .686
Butcher, W. W . 695
Byrd, Mounce.
571
C.
Carson, William 377
Caster, H. E. 588
Caster, James .357
Caster, W. A.
.38S
Castle, Isaac. . .588
Chandler, Asalıel.
.372
Christman, Adam ..
.525
Christman, J. H.
.684
Clinger, Jacob
542
Coffin, Nathaniel.
.430
Cole, C. P
458
Collett, C. W.
627
Collett, N. W 626 .631
Collins, Cornelius 478 .528
Constable, Robert 609
Coons, M. V. 415
Corwin, Cornelius. .423
Coulson, J. R 490
Coulson, Lot .424
Cox, Sherman. .645
Craig, L. J 532
Craig, P. K. .684
Cring, John
502
Crow, R. C ..
439
Crowell, J. G ..
659
Current, William. .488
D.
Darby, J. R. .464
Darby, S. H. 443
Davis, E. Q. .682
Davis, R. P .319
Davis, S. E ..
.682
Denney, Ira. .516
Detamore, John .336
De Tray, J. H. .358
De Wees, B. L. . .659
Dickes, Philip .331
Dougherty, John.
.476
Downing, Charles .558
Drake, Ebenezer .664
E.
Edger, G. N
.384
Ehrhart, Timothy .656
Eley, Michael ....
.640
Elliott, Jonathan .453
Emmons, J. S.
.354
Ertel, T. P.
.663
Evans, Evan
.326
Ewalt, John. .480
F.
Farber, G. W
.394
Faul, D. E.
405
-
Heister, Henry.
.581
Henderson, James
579
Henry, John .. 666
Henry, J. M. 431
Hiatt, E. M.
364
Fifer, Jacob ...
.664
Hickman, Calvin
900
Hickman, Joseph
.447
Hickman, W. R.
611
Hidy, Nathan. 586
Hilton, William 450
Holloway, G. M. 214
Holloway, G. P. 214
Holmes, C. W. .511
Holmes, L. L. 507
Holmes, L. G. 509
Hoover, D. F. 550
Hopkins, A. H. 464
Hopkins, A. W. 623
Hoppes, Elijalı. 461
628
Hoppes, J. H
474
Hoppes, J. W. 516
Hoppes, Sylvester. .637
Horner, S. L. .679
Houck, W. J. 635
Houser, Amos. 677
Huart, N. B .. 574
.657
Hudson, A. D
.642
Hudson, J. T.
646
Huey, Isaac .. 524
Huey, Robert .341
Hughes. Charles. .381
Hunt, Mahlon .675
Hunt, Sylvester 478
Hutchinson, J. A
562
Hutzler, Jacob 494
J.
Jaqua, J. B.
691
Jenkins, W. Z. 396
Johnson, Levi. 406
Jones, J. V
530
Jones, W. G. .
332
Jordan, David. 462
Journey, R. R ..
.380
Journey, Stephen 560
K.
Hardy, John ..
.321
Karns, Henry.
.398
Karns, Henry
549
Kelly, Daniel .658
Kendrick, G. R. .358
Kennedy, A. W
436
Hawkins, B. W. .487 Kidder, J. F. .573
Hawkins, J. C. .454 Kidder, Joseph 458
Kikendall, E. B. .393
Kinsey, D. S. 378
L.
Lacy, F. H ..
400
La Follette, J. J. M
350
La Follette, John. 435
Landes, S. S. .491
Lare, Charles.
694
Heister, Daniel. .593 Letts, A. W 519
Letts, James.
520
Lewis, Enos ..
477
Lewis, Joseph.
666
Gardner, William .. .643
Gaunt, Jacob .. .452
Gaunt, Joseplı .. 308
Gibson, William .668
Gigandet, F. V. 534
Gillum, James. .557
Gittinger, W. P. 615
Glentzer, M. A .334
Goss, Noah 425
Grav, Bayard
.547
Gray, I. P.
522
Gray, Thomas
Greenwalt, Wes.
693
Greist, William .531
Griffith, I. A .469
Grimes, Washington 304
Grisell, Albert. .648
Grisell, Lewis. .537
Grisell, Samuel 496
H.
Haines, James 365
Haley, G. W .665
Hall, J. W. .630
Hall, Samuel. 657
Hammitt, Martin 635
Hammons, R. T. 432
Hammons, William .402
Hanlin, James 326
Hanlin, J. P. .641
Hanlin, J. R. .369
Hanlin, J. T 493
Hanlin, Samuel 625
Hardy, G. W. 413
Harris, Benjamin .415
Harris, David. .541
Hart, J. R .. 450
Hartley, W. W 612
Hawkins, J. B 425
Hawkins, N. B. 676
Hayes, John. . 578
Haynes, Elwood. 525
Haynes, J. M.
302
Haynes, Sumner .486
Headington, J. W. 437
Headington, Nimrod .597
Hearn, J. P. .349
Hearn, P. M. .339
Heister, D. G .572
Ferner, Daniel. .512
Fields, Jonathan. .486
Fifer, Benjamin. .549
Fleming, W. S.
430
Flesher, Adam
627
Foltz, J. W. .671
Fulton Brothers. .325
G.
Gable, N. H. .691
Gammill, G. F 645
Hoppes, John
Gray, T. 1
Huckeriede, Henry.
CONTENTS.
Lewis, Syra. 522
Lewis, T. G. .475
Moudy, M. V. .215
Schrader, C. F. D. .453
Mowrey, John. 535 Scott, J. J ... .615
Mundhenk, Augustus
.679
Sebring Brothers .526
Sees, H. W. .473
Selvey, S. S .. 378
Shanks, J. P. C .598
Shepherd, G. W .570
Shepherd, T. S. .348
Sherman, Lorenzo.
.383
Shewalter, Elias.
.465
Shewalter, J. W .553
Shook, E. A .. 569
Shrack, G. W .. 547
Silvernale, Isaac. . 680
Simmons, Isaac. .479
Simmons, T. W. .385
Simpson, G. W. .521
Sims, I. G. 403
Skinner, D. T . 444
Payton, W. W ... 318 Smith, A. C 481
Pensinger, Daniel.
.591
Perdieu, J. R. .
.673
Smith, Enos.
.576
Pettyjohn, W. T. 310
Phillips, Jesse. .505 Smith, Moses. 507
Pingry, S. S. .548
Poiry, John. .647 Smith, W. F. .406
Poling, William 379 Smith, William 647
Polley, J. W. .667 Snyder, F. H .. 620
Powell, J. W.
592
Snyder, Jesse.
662
Powers, Abraham
404
McAdams, J. L. C.
.582
McCoy, Nathan
.367
McKennett, J. S. .403
McKinley, Robert. .672
McLaughlin, E. F
.539
McLaughlin, F. M. 357
McLaughlin, Jolın . 367
McLaughlin, J. S.
323
McLaughlin, W. H.
395
McLaughlin, William
308
McNier, William. 610
Mendenhall, J. W 346
Meranda, D. C .616
Meredith, P. S .348
Metzner, John .585
Metzner, J. A.
.347
Metzner, L. N
Metzner, W. F.
Miles, J. S. .346
Miles, J. T
.591
Miller, Daniel. .411
Miller, David.
577 .629
Miller, G. F.
442
Miller, W. P
.578
Rook, W. J.
564
Milligan, J. N. .502 Ross, G. B. . 528
.493
Milligan, Wilson
.419
Mills, B. F ..
427 410
Minch, J. M
Mincks, F. W. .576
Moffitt, P. W .668
Money, David. . 690
Money, Samuel. .689
Money, William .. .580
Moon, E. W. .689 Moore, William. 520
Morehouse, C. A. .370
Morehous, S. A. 410
Schmuck, John. 338
Linkhauer, Nicholas. 414
Logan, Jolın. .513
Longwith, J. H. .450
Munsey, S. E. 656
Losch, J. D. R. G. .671
Losch, C. F .381
N.
Lotz, I. B .. . .335
Lucas, G. W .572
Lupton, Adelma. .544
Lutes, T. M. C. .563
Luttmann, Michael . 688
Lynch, A. T. .620
Lynch, Norman 476
Lyons, Elijah .373
Lyons, Thomas 311
M.
Mackey, C. W. .382
Macklin, G. W. .441
Macklin, Israel. .398
Macklin, Jacob. .410
Macklin, Philip. 420
Malin & Schwartz. .345
Manning, William .540
Marsh, E. J. 212
Mason, Samuel. .339
Matchett, J. F ..
.468
Matchett, Richard. .485
Maynard, Ezra. .890
Somers, A. L 492
Spade, D. F. 449
Spahr, Matthias 654
Stanton, D. S. 574
Premer, Isaac.
510
Steed, L. N.
.452
Steed, O. P. 696
Prillaman, J. R
.514
Steed, Robert.
428
Pyle, Cheyne. 386 Steed, W. W. 312
Stephenson, R. M
543
Stevenson, R. B.
683
Stevenson, William.
629
Stewart, J. J. .366
Stoltz, P. P.
.467
Stone, W. I .. 643
Renbarger, Elisha. .589 Stoner, Henry. 399
Renbarger, George 421 Straly, George. 506
Rines, Eli ..
595
Roach, Isaac.
502
Roach, Joseph 496
Roberts, A. W ..
587
Roberts, D. R.
475
Stratton, T. L.
.333
Strausburg, Frederick. 420
Strausburg, Jacob
661
Rowe, B. R 696 Stults, John 538
Ruckweidt, Christopher 553 Stults, Peter. 542
Rupel, Jacob. 340 Sullivan, J. A 558
Rupel, James 457 Suman, George 657
Rupel, M. L.
441
Sutton, R. J. 693
Russell, Albert.
317
Sutton, W. G.
330
S.
Sage, I. T ..
.469
Sanders, J. H.
.374
T.
Theurer, Mattliaus
523
Thornburg, A. C.
521
Sanders, W. K.
.546
Thornburg, Isaac.
.614
R.
Ralston, Augustus .303
Rarick, I. N 687 St. John, C. B 463
Ray, L. T. . 495 Stolz, George. 564
Ray, Zacharias 510 Stolz, Nicholas 646
Stolz, Philip.
.661
Straly, Samuel. 409
Straly, Stephen .512
Straly, Sutphen 539
Stratton, H. S 342
545
Milligan, W. B.
Rayn, Alexander .535
Rayn, William .394
Rees, A. G. 597
.557 .526
Powers, Abraham
.546
Powers, J. H. 413
Premer, Isaac .688
Premer, Hiram. 636
Oliver, H.
.216
Overmeier, Ephraim.
.388
P.
Nape, E. R.
.477
Newcomer, Benjamin. .575
Ninde, Samuel
.621
Nixon, J. P. .323
0.
Parsons, George.
.361
Smith, D. G. .467
Smith, J. M. 374
Smith, P. J. 336
Miller, Eli ..
Milligan, S. H. .504 Roush, John 368 Stuart, Perry
CONTENTS.
Thornton, E. C. 506
Walter, Rev. T. S. 489
Wirt, W. W. 640
Woods, J. F .. 683
Woodward, A. B. 305
Worgum, Henry . 503
Worth, Rev. Aaron 509
Woten, E. B .. 440
425 Woten, Hugh 613
Wright, E. C. 422
Wright, Jesse 620
Z.
Zeigler, Adam.
. .....
.. 470
GENERAL HISTORY.
Introductory 183
Settlement .. 188
County Government. 198
Williams, C .. 696 Professional. .206
Williams, George. .575 The Press. 211
Natural Gas 217
The Civil War 227
Miscellaneous. 235
Portland .243
Pennville .. 254
Dunkirk
261
Smaller Towns.
266
HISTORY OF BLACKFORD COUNTY.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
A.
C.
Ervin, R. V.
804
Ervin, W. L.
856
F.
Fear, H. N. 779
Feaster, Joseph 851
Fogle, Hiram 892
Ford, J. H. 787
Ford, E. H .. 880
Frazier, W. F. M .788
Fulkerson, A. N. 783
Fuller, J. S. & H. J. 849
Fuqua, Theodore. 896
Futrell, Joseph 807
G.
Gadbury, A. K. 893
Gadbury, J. A. 881
Gadbury, S. L. .889
Gartin, G.
772
Geisler, Frank 737
Gettys, J. R .. 796
Gettys, John. . 809
Groenendyke, Montgomery .856
Butler, Edwin .833 Ellsworth, William .800
Caldwell, D. C. 810
Carrell, S. S. .891
Alexander, J. T 824
Carroll, W. H. 875
Armstrong, A. M. .867
Armstrong, Thomas 891
Atkinson, H. C. .825
Atkinson, Joseph .831
Atkinson, W. A 861
B.
Baird, J. G. 835
Beath, W. A. .803
Blount, J. H.
821
Bonham, G. W. 857
Bonham, J. A. 787
Bonham, W. A. 765
Boyd, Amor ...
786
Brannum, W. S.
808
Briscoe, T. S ..
.736
Briscoe, S. M. 736
Brotherton, J. T. .873
Bugh, W. J. .825
Butcher, C. L. 895
D.
Davison, H. C. 867
Dildine, Jesse. 849
Dildine, Joseph. .887
Dowell, J. H. .882
Drayer, P. 807
E.
401
Weldon, H. O.
.686
Wells, Thomas
Uphaus, Joseph. 581
Ullom, Henry . . 524
Underwood, Isaac. .482
V.
Vail, I. M ... .456
Valentine, William 582
Vance, E. E. .443
Vaus, J. W. .216
Wickersham, J. G.
426
Via, W. O. 621
Votaw, Jonas 297
Wilkinson, S. R.
387
Wilkin, W. O
337
W.
Wagner, Joseph 624
Wagner, Peter. .594 Williams, Jesse. .592
Walker, A. D .. 594
Walling, H. V .538
Walters, Abraham.
.626
Walters, C. E. .663
Walter, Daniel .685
Walter, Peter .644
West, H. C.
481
West, H. F.
473
West, J. L .. . 466
Whipple, Olery 340
White, T. C. . .432
Whitely, J. W. .505
Whiteman, William. 426
Whitenack, Isaac. 692
Wickersham, H. C. 420
Williams, J. W 363
Williams, M. L. 412
Williams & Kendrick .362
Williams, S. K 377
Wilt, J. S. .455
Wingate, C. C. 627
Ware, J. E. .. 677
Towle, Thomas. 690
Watson, C. C .. .306
Townsend, W. J. 630
Weaver, Jeremiah .. .370
Turner, W. H. .675
Weber, B. L
U.
Tipton, D. .654
Alexander, C. C. .845
Alexander, John. .780
Clapper, William. .841
Cloud, William. 852
Clouser, N. D 815
Cooley, C. R ... 794
Cooley, W. B. .875
Cortright, Isaiah .876
Creek, Jacob. .855
Creek, Joseph. 866
Creek, Marion 875
Wilhelm, J. H. 544
CONTENTS.
H.
Hadden, William .771
Hallam, J. M .862
Harrold, J. R. 881
Hart, William .. 886
Haverfield, T. H.
817
Hellyer, J. J. 844
Hess, David 862
Hess, J. C. .897
Hiatt, O. H. .896
Holmes, W. W. 893
Huffman, Elwood 737
Huggins, John 858
Huggins, Isaac 791
Huggins, Samuel. 868
Hughes, Eli. .885
I.
Inman, Isaac
.774
K.
Kegerreis, J. C. .773
Kelley, B. F .870
Kelley, J. T. .814
Kitterman, Gabriel. 865
Kline, H. J.
822
Knight, A. T.
887
Knox, William .840
L.
Lanning, M. W 898
Lanning, Robert. 799
Lewis, J. D
.775
Lillibridge, Thomas
.769
Listenfeltz, Daniel.
.836
M.
Maddox, J. C. 805
Maddox, J. J. .880
Marker, Samuel 818
McCarthy, Thomas 834
McCombs, James 824
McConkey, A. J. 784
McConkey, David. .785
McFarland, J. E. 815
McGeath, J. P. 814
McGrew, J. I. 7793
McKeehan, Rev. J. Q. .834 Smith, Jeremiah 872
McVicker, J. A. 884
Miller, F. G ..
.846
Stallsmith, D. E. 774
Stroble, Richard.
.871
Moore, O. K.
823
Sutton, A. E.
.. 813
Morris, Theophilus.
776
Morrison, J. A.
828
Morrison, Leander
899
N.
Neal, T. C 841
Needler, John 837
Newbauer, J. A.
785
Noonan, William
844
P.
Payton, Samuel. 772
Peck, A. J .. 859
Peck, Samuel. 861
Peck, S. J ..
864
Pierce, Elisha
.767
Pugh, William
852, 901
Quackenbush, Andrew.
792
R.
Rayn, J. W. 860
Reasoner, J. M. 883
Reasoner, W. F 832
Rhoades, J. H. 788
Ricketts, I. M.
770
Robbins, M. H.
888
Rollf, G. B. .
847
Ruckman, J. M.
735
S.
Sage, J. W.
869
Saxon, John. 842
Seelig, Henry. .836
Shannon, A. J 831
Shelton, S. R. .817
Shields, Adam .795
Shinn, B. G 766 Introductory . 703
Indians 710
Settlement 717
County Government. 724
Professional. 731
The Press 734
Slater, James 855 The Civil War. 738
Hartford City 744
Montpelier . 752
Around the County.
757
Miscellaneous 759
PORTRAITS.
Adams, John. 15
Adams, John Quincy. 39
Craig, L. J.
De Tray, J. H. . 359
Ellsworth, William 801
Evans, Evan 327
Fillmore, Millard 73
Garfield, James A. 108
Grant, Ulysses S. 97
Grisell, Albert. 650
Grisell, Mrs. Albert. 651
168
Grisell, Samuel. 498
Grisell, Mrs. Samuel .499
Hammons, R. T. 433
Harrison, William Henry 57
Hayes, Rutherford B. 103
Hendricks, Thomas A 164
Hoover, D. F. .551
Hoppes, J. W .517
Cleveland, Grover. 116
Cole, C. P. 459
Colfax, Schuyler
533
Arthur, Chester A. 112
Arthur. C. S. .617
Birdsall, Joel. 633
Bost, Elias . .343
Brown, M. A. 669
Buchanan, James 81
Jackson, Andrew 46
Jefferson, Thomas . 21
T.
Tarr, Leander.
.894
Taughinbaugh, William
819
Templin, J. S.
.894
Thompson, G. H .848
Thompson, M. M. . .
863
Townsend, J. S.
797
Twibell, Lewis 866
Twibell, William 843
V.
Van Cleve, Milton.
827
W.
Walmer, D. A.
812
Waring, L. C. 834
Waugh, James. 850
Wheatley, J. F.
.899
Whetsel, A. S 859
White, R. B .. .784
Williams, A. M. 816
Williams, W. .812
Williams, Z. T. 820
Willman, Lewis.
879
Wilson, Abram 791
Wilson, J. W 792
Wilt, W. W. 797
Wood, J. G. . .813
Woodard, J. D.
864
Woodard, Oliver
874
Y.
Younts, G. W.
845
Younts, J. W ...
811
GENERAL HISTORY.
Shinn, Darius .870
Shinn, P. A. 864
Shull, C. Q .876
Shull, W. T. 776
Simonton, S. S. 826
Smith, H. B. 868
Snyder, J. O. 837
Moon, J. W .
846
CONTENTS.
Johnson, Andrew 92
Owen, Robert Dale .176
Stolz, Mrs. George .567
Johnson, Levi.
407
Pierce, Franklin
77
Steed, W. W ... .314
Lincoln, Abraham 85
Polk, James K. 65
Steed, Eliza I. .315
Madison, James 27
Pugh, William. .853
Taylor, Zachary. 69
Marsh, E. J. 212
Shanks, J. P. C. .600
Tyler, John. . 61
Maynard, Ezra .. .391
Shanks, Huldah .601
Underwood, Isaac 483
McAdams, J. L. C. 583
Shull, C. Q. .877
Van Buren, Martin. 53
Milligan, Wilson .418
Shull, W. T. .777
Votaw, Jonas. 296
Monroe, James. 33
Skinner, D. T. 445
Washington, George. 8
Morrison, J. A. .829
Smith, J. M. 375
Williams, James D 172
Morton, Oliver P .160
Stolz, George .566
Zeigler, Adar
471
KGW
9
GEORGE WASHINGTON.
-
GEORGE WASHINGTON.
EORGE WASHING- TON, the " Father of his Country" and its first President, 1789- '97, was born Febru- ary 22, 1732, in Wash- ington Parish, West- moreland County, Virginia. His father, Augustine Wash- ington, first married Jane But- ler, who bore him four chil- dren, and March 6, 1730, he married Mary Ball. Of six children by his second mar- riage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, John, Au- gustine, Charles and Mildred, of whom the youngest died in infancy. Little is known of the early years of Washington, beyond the fact that the house in which he was born was burned during his early child- hood, and that his father thereupon moved to another farm, inherited from his paternal ancestors, situated in Stafford County, on the north bank of the Rappahannock, where he acted as agent of the Principio Iron Works in the immediate vicinity, and died there in 1743.
From earliest childhood George devel- oped a noble character. He had a vigorous constitution, a fine form, and great bodily strength. His education was somewhat de-
fective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at a neighboring school. He developed, how- ever, a fondness for mathematics, and en- joyed in that branch the instructions of a private teacher. On leaving school he re- sided for some time at Mount Vernon with his half brother, Lawrence, who acted as his guardian, and who had married a daugh- ter of his neighbor at Belvoir on the Poto- mac, the wealthy William Fairfax, for some time president of the executive council of the colony. Both Fairfax and his son-in-law, Lawrence Washington, had served with dis- tinction in 1740 as officers of an American battalion at the siege of Carthagena, and were friends and correspondents of Admiral Vernon, for whom the latter's residence on the Potomac has been named. George's inclinations were for a similar career, and a midshipman's warrant was procured for him, probably through the influence of the Admiral ; but through the opposition of his mother the project was abandoned. The family connection with the Fairfaxes, how- ever, opened another career for the young man, who, at the age of sixteen, was ap- pointed surveyor to the immense estates of the eccentric Lord Fairfax, who was then on a visit at Belvoir, and who shortly after- ward established his baronial residence at Greenway Court, in the Shenandoah Valley.
10
PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.
Three years were passed by young Wash- ington in a rough frontier life, gaining ex- perience which afterward proved very es- sential to him.
In 1751, when the Virginia militia were put under training with a view to active service against France, Washington, though only nineteen years of age, was appointed Adjutant with the rank of Major. In Sep- tember of that year the failing health of Lawrence Washington rendered it neces- sary for him to seek a warmer climate, and George accompanied him in a voyage to Barbadoes. They returned early in 1752, and Lawrence shortly afterward died, leav- ing his large property to an infant daughter. In his will George was named one of the executors and as eventual heir to Mount Vernon, and by the death of the infant niece soon succeeded to that estate.
On the arrival of Robert Dinwiddie as Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia in 1752 the militia was reorganized, and the prov- ince divided into four districts. Washing- ton was commissioned by Dinwiddie Adju- tant-General of the Northern District in 1753, and in November of that year a most important as well as hazardous mission was assigned him. This was to proceed to the Canadian posts recently established on French Creek, near Lake Erie, to demand in the name of the King of England the withdrawal of the French from a territory claimed by Virginia. This enterprise had been declined by more than one officer, since it involved a journey through an ex- tensive and almost unexplored wilderness in the occupancy of savage Indian tribes, either hostile to the English, or of doubtful attachment. Major Washington, however, accepted the commission with alacrity ; and, accompanied by Captain Gist, he reached Fort Le Bœuf on French Creek, delivered his dispatches and received reply, which, of course, was a polite refusal to surrender the posts. This reply was of such a character
as to induce the Assembly of Virginia to authorize the executive to raise a regiment of 300 men for the purpose of maintaining the asserted rights of the British crown over the territory claimed. As Washing- ton declined to be a candidate for that post, the command of this regiment was given to Colonel Joshua Fry, and Major Washing- ton, at his own request, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. On the march to Ohio, news was received that a party previously sent to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela with the Ohio had been driven back by a considerable French force, which had completed the work there be- gun, and named it Fort Duquesne, in honor of the Marquis Duquesne, then Governor of Canada. This was the beginning of the great " French and Indian war," which con- tinued seven years. On the death of Colonel Fry, Washington succeeded to the com- mand of the regiment, and so well did he fulfill his trust that the Virginia Assembly commissioned him as Commander-in-Chief of all the forces raised in the colony.
A cessation of all Indian hostility on the frontier having followed the expulsion of the French from the Ohio, the object of Washington was accomplished and he re- signed his commission as Commander-in- Chief of the Virginia forces. He then pro- ceeded to Williamsburg to take his seat in the General Assembly, of which he had been elected a member.
January 17, 1759, Washington married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, a young and beautiful widow of great wealth, and de- voted himself for the ensuing fifteen years to the quiet pursuits of agriculture, inter- rupted only by his annual attendance in winter upon the Colonial Legislature at Williamsburg, until summoned by his country to enter upon that other arena in which his fame was to become world wide.
It is unnecessary here to trace the details of the struggle upon the question of local
11
GEORGE WASHINGTON.
self-government, which, after ten years, cul- minated by act of Parliament of the port of Boston. It was at the instance of Virginia that a congress of all the colonies was called to meet at Philadelphia September 5, 1774, to secure their common liberties-if possible by peaceful means. To this Congress Colonel Washington was sent as a dele- gate. On dissolving in October, it recom- mended the colonies to send deputies to another Congress the following spring. In the meantime several of the colonies felt impelled to raise local forces to repel in- sults and aggressions on the part of British troops, so that on the assembling of the next Congress, May 10, 1775, the war prepara- tions of the mother country were unmis- takable. The battles of Concord and Lex- ington had been fought. Among the earliest acts, therefore, of the Congress was the selection of a commander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This office was unani- mously conferred upon Washington, still a member of the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but on the express condition he should receive no salary.
He immediately repaired to the vicinity of Boston, against which point the British ministry had concentrated their forces. As early as April General Gage had 3,000 troops in and around this proscribed city. During the fall and winter the British policy clearly indicated a purpose to divide pub- lic sentiment and to build up a British party in the colonies. Those who sided with the ministry were stigmatized by the patriots as " Tories," while the patriots took to them- selves the name of " Whigs."
As early as 1776 the leading men had come to the conclusion that there was no hope except in separation and indepen- dence. In May of that year Washington wrote from the head of the army in New York: " A reconciliation with Great Brit- ain is impossible. When I took command of the army, I abhorred the idea
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