USA > Indiana > Wayne County > Richmond > Directory to the city of Richmond, containing names, business and residence of the inhabitants 1857 > Part 1
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M. L
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02511 7687
1857
MAP OF
YORK
RICHMOND .INDIANA, ubished
RAST
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57.
FR
PARK!
PEX
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4th.wd.
FIFT
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Turnpike from Cincinnati
SEVENTH
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EAST PARK SE. H
EIGHTH
J. Roberts
Orchard.
*** MAR
Grave Yard
MILL
SYKTMORE
R.O.DORMER W.R. HOLLOWY by
RIV
R. R
ST.
ST.
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FRONT
ST.
S
ST.
CLIFF
.ST .-
¥
ST.
SH.
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BROADWAY
NORTH
BROADWAY
EAST
ST.
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AFRAS
SASS
VINE
ELM
NINTH
ST.
TENTH
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Middleton Wallace & Co. Lith.
OR
MAIN
ST.
EAST ST.
Cincinnati Logansport & Ghicago R. R.
Indumna Central
A DIRECTORY
TO THE
CITY OF RICHMOND,
INDIANA
CONTAINING
NAMES, BUSINESS AND RESIDENCE
OF THE
INHABITANTS,
TOGETHER WITH
A HISTORICAL SKETCH, BY JOHN T. PLUMMER, M. D.
RICHMOND, INDIANA : PUBLISHED BY R. O. DORMER & W. R. HOLLOWAY. 1857.
PRINTED BY HOLLOWAY & DAVIS, Palladium Office, Richmond, Ind.
1386391
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
HISTORICAL REMINISCENCES.
PAGE
PAGE
Advantages, Natural, 23
Health,
.
49
Ages, .
12
Holman, George, 10
Animals, Wild,
34
Horse Racks,
31
.
Banks,
63
Indians, . . 10, 32
Books, 30
Improvements, . 28, 31
Brewery, 33, 45
Judiciary, 13
Buildings, . 32, 62
Jurymen,
11, 14
Business, 46,47
Liquors, .
48
Canal, 36
Library,
48
Corporation, G1
Lands, First entry of, 25
Court House, 16, 17, 18
· Lawyers, . 36
Centerville,
18, 19
Manufactories, 45
Clearings, 24
Medical Societies, 48
Conveyances, 25
Mills, . 23
Croakers,
26
Meeting-houses, 33
Commerce,
29
Natural Advantages, . 23, 26
Deaths, . 12, 42, 46, 49
Names Proposed, 22
Debating Societies, 44
New Era, 27
Districts, Civil,
16
Newspapers, 38
Doctors, . 37
Paper Mill, 40
Dow, Lorenzo,
59
Paving, 62
Drainage, .
62
Poets, 36,41
Era, New,
27
Poetry, 44
Editors, 41
Population, 22, 26, 27,56
Families, Size of, 42
Polls, . 57,58
First Visitors, 10
Post office, 35
Villages,
15
Pottery,
32
Settlers, 11, 12, 42
Privations, 23, 24
" Seal,
13
Prices of Produce, . 26, 29, 34, 55
" Entries of Lands, .
25
Railroads,
54
iv
INDEX.
" Brewery, 33
" Meeting-house, 33
" Tavern, . 35
" Post-office,
35
Proposed names for, 22
" Lawyers, 36
Location of,
9, 19, 21
Doctors, . 37
Population of, 22, 26, 27
"
Newspapers, 38
32
Salisbury, . . 17
"
Clearings, 24
Seeds, Garden, 49
Settlers, First, . 11, 12, 42
Seal, First, 13
Stores,
30, 32
" Tan-yards, 30
Schoolmasters, 43
Judiciary, 13
Streets, 31
" Jurymen, 11, 14
Sngar, 30
" Editors, .
41
Taverns,
33, 35, 36
Schoolmasters, 43
Tan-yards, 30
Division of Business, 46 Taxes, 56
" Debating Society, 44
Tecumseh, 32
" Liquor Store, 48
Trial of a Boy, . 14
" Library, 48
Villages, First 15
" Medical Society, 48
Wayne County, Size of, &c., 15
Wild Animals, 34
OFFICERS.
Municipal,
65
County,
65
State,
65
National,
66
NAMES OF ADVERTISERS.
Addington, Leander, . 122
Barnes, Geo, W., 105
Allen & Rhodes, 129
Baylies & Co., 144
Babcock, Stephen,
100
Beard & Sinex, 95, 96
Bain, James, .
117
Beard, Amos, 154
Bargis, T. J.,
112
Benton Thomas,
. 150
Religions, .
58-61
Religious Societies, 58
Richmond, Early Trustees of, 22
Roads, .
25, 26, 27,51
Buildings,
Mills,
23
" Roads, 25
" Improvements, 31
Gas Works,
62
V
INDEX.
Benton, W. P.,
143
Hunter, Henry, . 167
Blanchard, Wm., -
106
Hunnicutt, J. B., 126
Borton, Job, .
161
Huntington, Oran, 103
Boswell, John K., 140
Hirst & Co. 133
Brady, W. L., 133
Jones, Stephen, 147
Bridgeland, John A., 159
Jordan, James J., . 122
Brown & Morrow, .
113
Kramer & Smith, 158
Burk, Lewis, & Co.,
108
Knollenberg & Duey, 141
Bush, E. F., 110
Laws & Co., . 128
Burson & Evans, . 131
Lefevre, Wm. M., 130
Clark, William, 137
136
Lyle, John S., 146
Conley, John J., 145
McGrath, John, & Co., 153
Crocker & Co.,
128
Mc Wkinney, James, 138
Curme & Son, .
158
Mason, John, 150
Crocker & Neal, .
159
Mason, Thomas, 165
Dennis, W. T.,
118
Mendenhall & Nixon, . 162
Dennis, C. C. & W. T.,
164
Mersereau, H. D., 116
Dickinson. C. A., .
10₴
Miller, A. M., 142
Dickinson & Popp,
104
Moormann, John H., 144
Dickinson, Joseph, .
121
Morgan & Brandon, 143
Dill, A. C., .
122
Morrisson, Blanchard & Co., 97
Egli, Anton,
125
Nestor, Thos , & Co., 163
Elder, James,
125
Newman & Siddall, 136
Estell, Samuel,
119
Nye & Co., 16
Estell, Charles,
152
Outland, Calvin, . 142
Ferguson & Yeo,
102
Parry, Mordecai, 135
Finley, Jolın,
129
Paxson, Davis & Co., .
135
Fletcher, S. F.,
149
Payne, H. B.,. .
132
Fulton, Richard E.,
140
Plummer, Dr. John T., 124
Gaar, A., & Co., 98,99
Pinmmer & Kelly, 107
Gorsuch & Grave,
126
Plummer & Co., . 107
Gartman, C. L.,
119
Poe, James M., 155
Guion & Kizer,
101
Potts, Alfred,
107
Holliday, Joseph,
124
Railsback, Jehiel, 137
Hollopeter, John,
132
Ringe & Co.,
134
Holloway & Davis,
64, 167
Robinson, F. W.,
159
Holloway, W. R.,
168
Rosa, H. W.,
154
Hoover, George,
163
Russell, J. J. . 120
Horney, S., & Co.,
111
Salter, Rowlet & Co., 175
Hubbard & Waters,
165
Show & Wiggins,
.
127
Lippincott, Samuel, 139
Coale & Brother, .
vi
INDEX.
Sinex, Samuel, .
149
Unthank, W. S., 108
Smith, Jas. M.,
14S
Vickers, Ed., 129
Smith, E. & J., .
164
Wetherald, John,
114
Spinning & Bennett,
160
White & Bargion, 145
Starr, James M.,
156
Wiggins & Co.,
146
Starr & White,
156
Wilson, W. D.,
153
Swany, Charles M.,
154
Wilson, George,
134
Taylor, C. J.,
101, 147
Wright & Chambers,
109
Taylor, George,
127
Wood, Wash., .
115
Thomas, Dr. O.,
147
Woodward, A.,
123
Thomas, Dr. Mary F.,
147
Zimmer & Emswiler,
162
Underwood & Brother,
151
PREFACE.
IN presenting this publication to the Public, we have to beg the indulgence of our Patrons for any errors it may contain. Being the first gotten up in this city, the materials had to be collected from a thousand different sources, and were procured by much labor and expense. The publishers who may succeed us will have the advantage of our Pioneer Work ; and if we should follow this up next year, as we hope to, we shall be enabled to present a more perfect work. This, however, is, in our opinion, as complete as it is possible to make one, under the cir- cumstances, and the brief space of time we have had in which to prepare this.
We have also increased its size beyond what we contemplated, especially in the Historical Reminis- cences ; and we here take pleasure in acknowledging the obligations we are under to Dr. PLUMMER, for the
viii
PREFACE.
very interesting Article he has furnished us. His ill-health, and the limited space we were enabled to give him, prevented his doing that justice to the sub- ject he would have given it under other and more favorable circumstances.
PUBLISHERS.
When too late for insertion in its proper place, it was discovered that we had omitted, in the enumeration of manufactories, &c., to name a Flax-breaking Machine within the limits of the Corporation, north of the Gas Works. It is supposed that about 600 to 700 tons of Flax Straw will be worked up in the course of a year. Six or seven qualities of Cleaned Flax are obtained from the same straw, and separately baled for the mar- ket, in compact masses.
REMINISCENCES
OF THE
HISTORY OF RICHMOND.
To those who have been entertained by the perusal of Watson's Annals of Philadelphia and other works of a simi- lar kind, a reminiscence of the history of Richmond may not be without interest. It is fit, indeed, that in a publica- tion like the present, the antecedents of our city should be made known. To gather up such of the incidents of our early history, as may yet be accessible, in order to rescue them from oblivion, by giving them a permanent record, is the chief object of these pages.
Tracing the Great Miami northward six miles from its en- trance into the Ohio river, we enter the mouth of the White- water; and pursuing our way up this stream in a northwest- erly direction for the distance of twenty miles, we arrive at a point where the river separates into two branches, which, running parallel with each other in a northerly direction, ramify into numerous branches which water the whole of Wayne county, in Indiana. It is in this county, on the eastern bank of the east fork of Whitewater that Richmond is situated; being four miles from the eastern boundary of the State, sixty-eight miles from Cincinnati, sixty-eight miles from
2
10
REMINISCENCES OF THE
Indianapolis, forty miles from Dayton, and 102 miles from Columbus, Ohio.
Previous to the organization of the State, the Delaware and other Indians, claimed the territory drained by the Whitewater, as a part of their hunting grounds; and these natives of the forest lingered for years under the foliage which then shaded the soil, after the white man had begun to make his home among them. We have, however, no stirring incidents of blood-shed and murder to record in our peaceful annals; and as our limits were not the site of any battle-scenes we have no occasion to stain our pages with gory pictures of tomahawks, rifles and falling heroes. The first settlers of this district were a plain people, addicted to the art of agriculture, and willing to cultivate friendly feel. ings with the aboriginals who remained; and I do not know that they were at any time molested by these children of the forest.
Indiana territory was separated from that of Ohio, in the great division of the northwestern cession of land, but Illi- nois had not been detached from Indiana, when three young men entered the wild forests of our district, in search of homes. Their names were Richard Rue, George Holman and Joseph Woodkirk. They arrived here in the year 1805. No incidents of their lives in this new location has come to my knowledge, except one, presently to be mentioned. It is to be supposed, however, that they suffered all the usual privations, hardships and dangers of adventurous pioneers. Of these it will be our province to speak, in its proper place. The excepted incident just alluded to, was in the case of George Holman, who is still living. For six years after his arrival here, our present worthy friend had lived peaceably
11
HISTORY OF RICHMOND.
with all men, for aught the law knew; but in 1811, when men had multiplied under the shade of the forest, their interests sometimes appeared to come into conflict; and it was not an unusual thing at such times, for the parties to decide the question between themselves, by pugilistic combat. It ap- pears that it was for some such unlawful mode of settling the point at issue, that the grand jury of the time found a bill against George for assault and battery: he was returned guilty, and fined 12} cents! He appears to have been one of the grand jury at this very time; whether he aided in finding a bill against himself, the record does not say. The names of this jury are: William Scarce, (foreman,) Samuel Woods, Thomas M'Coy, J. Keslank, George Holman, J. Hodges, Samuel Walker, Richard Maxwell, Bennet Starr, Robert Bennet, John Williams, Aaron Wade, John Ad- dington, William Meek, Isaac Harvey, Delsuan Bates, Josi- ah Easton, Joseph Woodkirk, and William Burk. This is said to be the first petit-jury trial on our records. The fol- lowing are the names of the jury who sat on the Holman case: John Benton, John Drake, John Armstrong, Nathaniel Scire, Thomas Bulla, Samuel Hunt, Harvey Druly, David F. Sacket, Joel Furgison, Benjamin Smith, and Jesse Daven- port. For the foregoing items, I am indebted to a commu- nication in the Richmond Palladium.
-
FIRST SETTLERS.
The earliest emigrants to this neighborhood were princi- pally from Kentucky, North Carolina and Ohio. I have taken some pains to collect their names and history while many of the parties were living, and have placed the facts in a tabular form for ready reference, leaving blanks where I
12
REMINISCENCES OF THE
could not fill them with certainty, that others might supply the vacancies as the necessary data are brought to light:
NAMIE.
CAME IN. DIED. AGE.
Richard Rue, .
1805
George Holman, ..
1805 .still living,
Joseph Woodkirk,
1805
90
Benjamin Hill,
1806
70
Robert Hill,
1806 1850
John Smith,.
1806
1838
82
Ralph Wright,
1807
94
John M'Lane,
1810. 1838
81
James Pegg,
1814. 1839
71
Thomas Moore, 1815 1839
93
John Pegg, 1813
William Williams, 1814 .. 1824 61
John Wright,
1821 1838 76
Jeremiah Cox,
1806 1826
75
John Morrow, ..
1808 1825
60
Andrew Hoover,
1806
1834
83
Thomas Roberts,
1840
81
Cornelius Ratliff, sr.,
70
John Burgess, .
1808.
70
Andrew Morrow,
1809
John Townsend,
1853
90
*John Addington,
1806
90
Jacob Meek, .
1806
1842 90
75
Ephraim Overman,
1807
80
Thomas M'Coy,
1805
Joseph Wasson,.
1806
Revolutionary soldier, 85
75
James Alexander, Jacob Foutz,
1807
80
Valentine Pegg
1809
80
Benjamin Small,
1807
80
Richard Williams,
1814
+David Hoover, .
1806
still living,
Samuel Charles, 1812
1840 91
John Charles, . 1809
William Blunk, or Blount,. .. 1805 .... A poor, ignorant man, who claimed to be of the family of Blunts, of whom Gov. Blunt of Tennessee, he said, was one.
*Addington's mother, who came with him, died at the age of 103.
1'I was the first man who set his foot in this part of Wayne co.'-D. H's MS.
John Hawkins,
1807
Peter Flemming,
1807
85
1806
13
HISTORY OF RICHMOND.
The remarkable ages to which these early settlers attained, speaks well for their habits and the healthfulness of the country.
FIRST JUDICIARY.
We have already, incidentally, alluded to some of the early judicial proceedings in Wayne county. This county was or- ganized in 1810. The first minute book of the court has recently been hunted up among the archives at Centreville; and consists of half a quire of old English paper, shaped into something like a school writing book, without a cover. By this simple document it appears that the first court was held "February 25th, 1811," at the house of Richard Rue, three miles south of Richmond. The Judges were: Peter Flem- ming, Aaron Martin and Jeremiah Meek; George Hunt was Clerk; John Turner, Sheriff; and James Noble, Prosecuting Attorney. The first business of the court was to divide the county into two townships and appoint overseers of the poor, constables, &c., for these districts. For the first district David Railsback and John Shaw were appointed overseers of the poor; Abraham Gaar, John Collins and Lewis Little, fence viewers. For the second township, the court appoint- ed for overseers of the poor, David Gailbraith and George Smith; for fence viewers, William Foutz, Nathaniel M'Clure and Robert Hill. Other names of our early settlers appear on a committee, appointed by this court to adjust the ac- counts of the overseers of the poor; this committee was :- David Carson, Timothy Hunt, Samuel Jobe, Jacob Meek, Elijah Fisher and George Holman.
It was necessary that the court should have a Seal; and the one adopted at this time was in perfect keeping with the
14
REMINISCENCES OF THE
simplicity of the day. It consisted, according to the des- cription given, of "a wafer and a piece of paper turned over it, with the letters Wayne County written thereon."
The first session of the court lasted but one day. At the second meeting on the 11th of the next month, a grand jury was for the first time, empanneled in Wayne county. By the researches of our friend John B. Stitt, from whose commu- nications to the Richmond Palladium in 1852, I have ob- tained the foregoing information, we are also furnished with the names of the members of this first grand inquest of Wayne county. They are as follows: Jesse Davenport, Da- vid Foutz, Joseph Cox, Charles Wright, John Burk, Wright Lancaster, Robert Gailbraith, Isaac Williams, John Smith, Benjamin Small, John Townsend, John Burgess, William Blount, Michael Snider, Peter Weaver, Benjamin Harvey, Joshua Meek, John Beard, Benjamin Jarvis, James Gordon, Harvey Miller, Lewis Little, and William Graham,-twenty in number.
At a time, says the MS. of David Hoover, when the court was assembled in the woods near Richard Rue's, "a boy was indicted for stealing a knife; a traverse jury was empanneled, and took their seats upon a log. The indictment was read, and as usual, set out that the boy did, with force and arms, feloneously steal, take and carry away, &c. Jeremiah Cox, afterward a member of the Constitutional Convention and a member of the Legislature, and one of the subsequent pro- prietors of Richmond, was on the jury. He considered the boy guilty; but he thought that the indictment was rather too 'bold' for so small an offense." We are not informed how this case terminated.
15
HISTORY OF RICHMOND.
CIVIL DISTRICTS.
It is presumed that the reader of these early incidents does not contemplate Wayne county as confined to its present narrow limits of about 400 square miles; boundaries in that day had great latitude. In the year 1800, Indiana territory did not hold more than 5000 inhabitants and consisted of but three counties: Knox, Wayne and St. Clair. Knox county covered most of our present State of Indiana; Wayne county included the principal part of Michigan, and St. Clair embraced the present State of Illinois. As the popu- lation of the territory increased, the limits of the several counties were contracted; and other counties formed. At the time of the early settlement of this district, say about 1811 when the first court was held, Wayne county extend- ed from Franklin county northward along the Ohio State boundary on the east, and line of purchase made at Fort Wayne in 1809 on the west, to Ft. Recovery .- And accord- ing to an old work published in 1817, called "The Western Gazetteer or Emigrant's Directory," Wayne county is said to be bounded "on the east by the State of Ohio, on the south by the county of Franklin, on the west and north by Indian lands." In 1815, it constituted one of the thirteen counties into which Indiana was then divided. Its population at that time was 6,290, five other counties exceeding it in the num- ber of their inhabitants. The whole population of Indiana territory in 1815 did not reach 70,000.
FIRST VILLAGES.
By the act of the territorial legislature which organized Wayne county in 1810, "John Cox, George Holman and John Adenton, Gentlemen," were appointed commissioners to
16
REMINISCENCES OF THE
meet and locate the county seat on or before "the first Mon- day of the following May," and until this was done, and a court-house completed, the court was to meet at the house of Richard Rue, Esq. In the language of John B. Stitt: " At the June term 1811, the Commissioners appointed by an act of the Legislature having failed to discharge their duty according to law, in selecting a seat of justice for the county, the court declared their duties ended, and appointed in their stead Samuel Walker, Richard Maxwell and Benja- min Harris. These Commissioners were ordered to proceed immediately to the discharge of their duties. On the third day of the term the Commissioners made a report: 'That the permanent seat of Justice is and shall be on the donation of Samuel Woods, of sixty-five acres in the 13th township, range 3d, with a small reserve.' The court after confessing the report, ordered it to be entered as received by the Clerk, 'That the town in Wayne, or the seat of Justice, shall be called Salisbury.' Having obtained both a location and a name, the next thing was to build a town. Smith Hunt, Samuel Woods and James Brown were appointed trustees to lay off the lots, and Andrew Woods and John Meek, sen., to superintend the building of a jail and estray pen-all, as a matter of course, under the direction of the court. I do not find on the minutes of the court an order for the erection of a court house, but at the October session of 1811, I find the fol- lowing singular entry, to-wit: 'At a County Court held at the house of Richard Rue, Esq,, on the 28th of October, 1811, it opened, &c., and the court having been previously informed that the court house was raised, the court therefore adjourn- ed to sit one hour in the court house in the town of Salis- bury. Accordingly the court met at the court house in the
17
HISTORY OF RICHMOND.
town of Salisbury in the county of Wayne on the aforesaid 28th day of October and proceeded,' &c." Such was the origin of Salisbury, the first towu laid out in Wayne county. The high destiny anticipated for the new village may be in- ferred from the following inscription found on the back of the recorded plat of the town, in the handwriting of George Hunt, at that time clerk and recorder of the county: "The town of Salisbury stands on a beautiful site on the waters of Clear creek, W. C., I. T., (Indiana Territory,) in a fine neighborhood, environed by rich land, &c., &c. No better water in the world-the air salubrious; and its elevated situ- ation commands an extensive and beautiful prospect. And we flatter ourselves that in a few years, Art, with her sister Industry, will convert it from a forest to a flourishing, inland town. Several gentlemen of property have purchased lots, both in the mercantile and mechanical line, which will greatly enhance its value." A log, and afterward brick court house were erected, as soon as the town was laid out; and a log jail was built. Turning to the Emigrant's Guide, by S. R. Brown, I find the following paragraph, pertaining to the year 1816: "Salisbury-Lies 30 miles north of Brookville; contains about thirty-five houses, two stores and two taverns. It is at present the seat of justice for Wayne county; but Centre- ville, a near village, being more central, threatens to become its competitor for that privilege." It will be observed that not one word is said about Richmond: it was yet to appear on the arena.
The career of Salisbury was short. It attained a few hundred inhabitants. But the legislature in 1816 authorized the removal of the seat of justice to Centreville; and then commenced the downfall of Salisbury, in the midst of bitter
3
18
REMINISCENCES OF THE
strife between the Centreville and Salisbury parties; the one to retain, the other to procure the county seat. All that could be said on either side, was brought to bear upon the subject: the sickliness of the respective places, the conve- nient and inconvenient location, the population, future pros- pects, expenses incurred, &c., were among the points canvas- sed. It was the opinion of William Steele, a burly citizen of Salisbury, its chief politician, a legislator, a colonel, a "New-Light" preacher and a cabinet maker, that Salisbury was destined to become another Moscow. This declara- tion was received with so much jeer by the opposite party, that the term Moscow for awhile bid fair to supplant that of Salisbury. We will not dwell upon this controversy. Salisbury is no more; the bricks of the court house were sold and brought to Richmond, and lie quietly in the walls of the house at the south-east corner of Main and Pearl streets, and in those of the building on lot No. 18, South Front street. And some of our respectable citizens are now within the logs of the old court house, which were brought to Richmond, and re-erected and weather-boarded, and con- stitute the building on North Pearl street, on lot No. 18 .- Before the county seat could be legally removed, the trustecs of Centreville were to erect, without any expense to the county, a court house, jail and estray pen in the town, on or before the "1st day of August, 1817, of the same dimensions and as well finished as those of Salisbury." On failure to do this the county seat was to remain where it was. Extremely short as the time was, to accomplish so much, the build- ings were all up in due season; some of the citizens of Cen- treville subscribing ten to fifteen hundred dollars toward their erection.
19
HISTORY OF RICHMOND.
The next spring (1818) the court was held at Centreville, But only one year afterward, the question was brought be- fore the court whether Salisbury or Centreville was the legal county seat. The presiding judge, John Watts, was absent. The associate judges, McLean and Davenport were of the opposite parties in this matter; their decision was "that the seat of Justice was permanently established at Salisbury, that the act of December 21st, 1816, not having a sufficient repealing clause, has not removed it; but that the act of January 28th, 1818, authorized the court to hold their pro- tempore session in the town of Centreville, until the legisla- ture should otherwise direct." And as the Legislature has never otherwise directed, the court has been held "temporari- ly" at Centreville ever since.
It is thus seen that both Salisbury and Centreville were established before Richmond; besides these two, I believe there are no others in the county that have a priority to this city. Centreville was laid out in the year 1814.
RICHMOND
was plotted in 1816. For nearly ten years, maize and small grain had waved over the fields patented to John Smith and Jeremiah Cox. It was thought their grounds would furnish a good foundation for a town. The suggestion was made by the former to the latter; but Jeremiah was not, at that time, prepared to engage in the scheme. "I would rather see a buck's tail," said he, "than a tavern sign." He had no relish for towns at all events; although he afterward became part proprietor of one. Notwithstanding this unwillingness to co-operate on the part of one of the land owners, David Hoover, who is still living, and who was then about thirty-
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