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PUBLIC LIBRARY FORT WAYNE & ALLEN CO., IND.
WITHDRAWN
GEN
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02554 8907
Gc 977.201 C27h History of Cass County, Indiana
HISTORY
OF
CASS COUNTY,
INDIANA.
FROM THE EARLIEST TIME TO THE PRESENT, EDITED BY
THOMAS B. HELM.
WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, NOTES, ETC., TOGETHER WITH AN EXTENDED HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST, THE INDIANA TERRITORY, AND THE STATE OF INDIANA.
ILLUSTRATED.
CHICAGO: BRANT & FULLER. 1886.
Allen County Public Library 900 Webster Street. PO Box 22/0 Fort Wayne, IN 46801-2270
CHICAGO: JOHN MORRIS COMPANY PRINTERS.
. PART I.
HISTORY OF INDIANA,
279015
PREFACE.
(THE History of Cass County, as it is now issued, has been un- der preparation for several months, and no legitimate sources of information have been knowingly neglected by those engaged in the work. All but two chapters of the county and township history have been prepared, ready for the press, by actual residents of the county. We believe their knowledge of and familiarity with the subjects they have treated have enabled them to produce a work that will withstand the test of unbiased criticism. The difficulties to be surmounted in the compilation of matter of this kind are many, and sometimes almost disheartening. It is seldom that two persons who are conversant with facts that go to make up a history, agree in regard to them; and from the various conflicting statements the compiler is called upon to decide which are most deserving of cred- ibility. Yet we believe this volume is more than up to the standard of our promises. At the outset we placed the work under the ed- itorial control of that venerable and scholarly resident of Logans- port, Mr. Thomas B. Helm, and it is useless for us to add that he has pursued it with all the faithfulness and energy that his waning years would permit. This fact alone is almost sufficient guaranty of the excellence of the book's contents. The spelling of proper names is so arbitrary a matter that great difficulty is always experi- enced in the Biographical department. Instances are frequent where brothers differ in the spelling of their name, and in all cases our only guide was the individual desire, if that could be ascertained. Yet we do not claim perfection for the book, as it doubtless contains some errors. We believe, however, that we have produced as much as could be reasonably expected. The volume, in its make-up and mechanical execution, is, perhaps, superior to any of its kind that has been issued in the State, and we believe that it will be favor- ably received and highly appreciated by those for whom it was pre- pared. Our thanks are due to those who have rendered us assist- ance and to our patrons.
THE PUBLISHERS.
CHICAGO, ILL., October, 1886.
1936
MAR ֏
CONTENTS.
PART I .- HISTORY OF INDIANA.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE.
PREHISTORIC RACES.
17
Antiquities
19
Chinese, The. 18 Black Hawk War ..
Discovery by Columbus 33
Explorations by the Whites 37
Indians, The ... 31
Immigration, The First .. 18
Immigration, The Second
20
Pyramids, etc., The. 21
Relica of the Mound-Builders.
23
Savage Customs.
Tartars, The.
23
Vincennes 39
Wahash River, The 39
White Men, The First 37
CHAPTER II.
NATIONAL POLICIES, ETC. 41
American Policy, The .. 46
Atrocity of the Savages. 47
Burning of Hinton ... 18
British Policy, The.
16
Clark's Expedition.
52
French Scheme, The
41 65
Government of the Northweat ...
67
Hamilton's Career.
64
Liquor and Gaming Laws ..
Missionaries, The Catholic ..
12
Ordinance of 1787 70
Pontiac'a War
46
Ruse Against the Indiana 64
6
Vigo, Francis.
CHAPTER III.
OPERATIONS AGAINST THE INDIANS. 75
Battle at Peoria Lake. 104 Coal.
Campaign of Harrison ... 92
Cession Treaties. 93 Finances.
Defeat of St. Clair ..
79
Defensive Operationa. 76
Expedition of Harmer 75
Expedition of Wayne 79
Expedition of St. Clair. 78
Expedition of Williamson. 78
Fort Miami, Battle of.
80
Harrison and the Indians. 87 State Expositions 210
Hopkins' Campaign ...
105
Kickapoo Town, Burning of. 78 Maumee, Battle of ... 75
Massacre at Pigeon Roost. 103
Misaissinewa Town, Battle at 106
Oratory, Tecumseh's. 114
Prophet Town, Destruction of. 100
Peace with the Indians 106
Siege of Fort Wayne. 101 Siege of Fort Harrison .. 103
Tecumseh. 111
Tippecanoe, Battle of. 98 War of 1812. 101
War of 1812, Close of the 108
CHAPTER IV.
ORGANIZATION OF INDIANA TERRITORY 82
Bank, Establishment of 120
Courts, Formation of. 120
County Offices, Appointment of. 119
Corydon, the Capital 117
Gov. Posey. 117
Indiana in 1810. 84
Population in 1815. 118
Territorial Legislature, The First 84
Western Sun, The. 84
CHAPTER V. PAGE.
ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE, ETC .. 121
Amendment, The Fifteenth. 147
Constitution, Formation of the 121
Campaigns Against the indians. 128
Defeat of Black Hawk .. 3.30
Exodus of the Indians
General Assembly, The First ..
Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Treaty of. 112
134
Indian Titles. 1:2
Immigration 125
Lafayette, Action at. 127
Land Sales ..
1.13
Mexican War, The. 156
Slavery
144
CHAPTER VI.
INDIANA IN THE REBELLION 143
Batteries of Light Infautry
Battle Record of States.
Call to Arms, The ... 149
Colored Troops of Indiana 182
Calls ot 1864 177
Field, In the ... 152
Independent Cavalry Regiment 151
Morgan's Raid. 150
Minute-Men ...
One Hundred Days' Men 176
Regiments, Formation of. 1.31
Regiments, Sketch of ..
153
Six Montha' Regiments. 172
CHAPTER VII.
STATE AFFAIRS AFTER THE REBELLION 189
Agriculture. 2019
Divorce Laws
193
Geology
Internal Improvements. 199
Indiana Horticultural Society 212
Indiana Promological Society. Special Laws. 190
State Bank. 196
State Board of Agriculture 2019
Wealth and Progress. 197
CHAPTER VIII.
EDUCATION AND BENEVOLENCE 215
Blind Institute, The 239
City School System .. 218
Compensation of Teachers.
220 Denominational and Private Institutions. 230
Deaf and Dumb Institute 2336
Education .. 265
Enumeration of Scholars. 219
Family Worship.
Free School System, The .. 215
Funds, Management of the .. 217
Female Prisou and Reformatory. 211
House of Refuge, The
Insane Hospital, The. 288
Northern Indiana Normal School
Origin of School Funds. 201
Purdue University ..
School Statistics. 218
State University, The. 999
State Normal School. 4.8
State Prison, South'.
State Prison, North 240
Total School Funds. 220
194
Gilbault, Father ..
Harmony Community ...
VI
CONTENTS.
PART II .- HISTORY OF CASS COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE.
¡EULOGY 247
Calvert's Quarry, Section of. 250
('edar Island, Section of ... 248
County, Connected Section of. 248
Fire Stone Quarry
219
Georgetown Stone ...
250
Iron.
La Rosa & Nash Quarry, Section of ..
249
Lime. 248
Phenomena
250
Salico Magnesia Limestone
218
Strata, Dip of
250
Surface Features
247
Talbott's Mine, Section of .. 251
CHAPTER II.
INDIANS 251
Lauds, Survey of .... 263
Miamis, The 252 .
Old Towu Engagement. 263
Pottawattomies, The. 255
Residents of Cass County 260
Treaties.
260
Tribes, Early
252
CHAPTER III.
ORGANIZATION .. 265
Acts of County Board, First. 268
Act of Formation. 265
Agricultural Society. 287
Boundary, Present .. 267
Canal, The .. 286
C'ouimissioners' Districts, First 270
County Board, First. 267
Court House, Building of .. 276
Elections
293
Finances.
280
Hospital, Insane 279
Jails. The 278
Locating Commissioners, Report of .. 269
Lots Sale of 269 Medical Societies .289, 290
Otlicers, County
297, 298 299, 300
Orphans' Home. 295
Poor, Expense of. 282
Poor Farm 281
Railroads 984
Roads, Public. 253, 284
Surplus Revenue. '272
Townships, Boundaries of ... 274
Townships, Creation of.
272
CHAPTER IV.
BENCH AND BAR 300
Attorneys, Early .. 307
Attorneys, Present. 328
Attorneys, Roll of 327
( ircuit Court, First. 301
Circuit Court, Later Sessions. 303
323
Conciliation, Court of.
324
Harrison Murder Trial 304
Judges, The Circuit 313
Probate Court. 322
Seal of Circuit Court. 302
Superior Court, The 324
CHAPTER V.
MILITARY 328
Black Hawk War, The. 3:29
Indian Troubles. 330
Irish Insurrection 329
Mexican War, The. 330
333
REBELLION, THE Bounty and Relief. 364
Camp Logan .. :46
Cavalry Company, First. 345
Epaulets, Presentation of. 336
First Company for 334
First Company, Roll of. 335
Forty-sixth Regiment, Recruiting for. 346
Forty-sixth, Cass County Io .353, 354, 355 Forty-sixth, Departure of. 350
Forty-sixth, Flag presentation to. 351
Forty-sixth, Flag returned 358 G. A. R., The 364
Morgan Raid, The .. 361
Ninth Regiment, Return of. 342
Public Sentiment .333, 337, 338, 339
Roll of Honor.
365
Second Company.
340
Second Company, Flag presentation to. 341
Volunteers' Return. 363
CHAPTER VI.
SCHOOLS
371
Eel River Seminary 373
Hall's Business College 378
Logansport and Eel Township Schools 373
Methoda of Teaching, Early .. 372
Smithson College.
379
Teachers, Early. 379
Township Schools. Adams 355
Bethlehem ..
Boone ..
385
Clay
382
Clinton
381
Deer Creek
386
Harrison
383
Jacksoo ..
387
Jeffersou 385
Miami.
383
Noble ..
384
Tipton
38,
Washington 386
CHAPTER VII.
CITY OF LOGANSPORT AND EEL TOWNSHIP 388
Additions to City 403-406
Biographies of .. 47% Business Interests, Present. 459-476
Churches
406-440
Early Settlement ..
388-395
Improvements, Early. 397-401
Iucorporation as a Town 401
Incorporation as a City 402
Lots, Sale of. 397
Merchants, Early 458
Secret Societies.
140-452
TOWNSHIP HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHIES. Adams Township History .. 593 Adams Township Biographies 605 Bethlehem Township History. 619 Bethlehem Township Biographies 630
Boone Township History. 647 Boode Towaship Biographies. 657 C'lay Township History 674 Clay Township Biographies. 684 Clinton Township History 707
Clinton Township Biographies 713
Deer Creek Township History. 721
Deer Creek Township Biographies. 731
Harrison Township History. 755
Harrison Township Biographies. 761
Jackson Township History .. 774
Jackson Township Biographies. 784 Jefferson Township History 832
Jefferson Township Biographies 844
Miami Township History 850
Miami Township Biographies 863
Noble Township History ..
872 Noble Township Biographies. 882
Tipton Township History 904
Tipton Township Biographies. 919
Washington Township History 951
Washington Township Biographies 960
PORTRAITS.
Biddle, Horace P 325
Fitch, Graham N. 359
Helm, Thomas B 257
Louthain, Benj. F 461
Merriam, Joho C.
393
Parks, Chas. D. 675
Pratt, D. D 291
Ross, Geo. E. 617
Shroyer, A. R
599
Wilson, Jas. S.
427
Old Settlers' Association 295 Newspapers .. 453-457 Platting of the Town 395
Common Pleas Court.
PAGE.
251
HISTORY OF INDIANA:
FORMER OCCUPANTS.
PREHISTORIC RACES.
Scientists have ascribed to the Mound Builders varied origins, and though their divergence of opinion may for a time seem incom- patible with a thorough investigation of the subject, and tend to a confusion of ideas, no doubt whatever can exist as to the compar- ative accuracy of conclusions arrived at by some of them. Like the vexed question of the Pillar Towers of Ireland, it has caused much speculation, and elicited the opinions of so many learned antiquarians, ethnologists and travelers, that it will not be found beyond the range of possibility to make deductions that may suffice to solve the problem who were the prehistoric settlers of America. To achieve this it will not be necessary to go beyond the period over which Scripture history extends, or to indulge in those airy flights of imagination so sadly identified with occasional writers of even the Christian school, and all the accepted literary exponents of modern paganism.
That this continent is co-existent with the world of the ancients cannot be questioned. Every investigation, instituted under the . auspices of modern civilization, confirms the fact and leaves no channel open through which the skeptic can escape the thorough refutation of his opinions. China, with its numerous living testi- monials of antiquity, with its ancient, though limited literature . and its Babelish superstitions, claims a continuous history from antediluvian times; but although its continuity may be denied with every just reason, there is nothing to prevent the transmission of a hieroglyphic record of its history prior to 1656 anno mundi, since many traces of its early settlement survived the Delnge, and becanie sacred objects of the first historical epoch. This very sur- vival of a record, such as that of which the Chinese boast, is not at variance with the designs of a God who made and ruled the universe; but that an antediluvian people inhabited this continent,
18
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
will not be claimed; because it is not probable, though it may be possible, that a settlement in a land which may be considered a portion of the Asiatic continent, was effected by the immediate followers of the first progenitors of the human race. Therefore, on entering the study of the ancient people who raised these tumu- lus monuments over large tracts of the country, it will be just sufficient to wander back to that time when the flood-gates of heaven were swung open to hurl destruction on a wicked world; and in doing so the inquiry must be based on legendary, or rather upon many circumstantial evidences; for, so far as written narra- tive extends, there is nothing to show that a movement of people too far east resulted in a Western settlement.
THE FIRST IMMIGRATION.
The first and most probable sources in which the origin of the Builders must be sought, are those countries lying along the east- ern coast of Asia, which doubtless at that time stretched far beyond its present limits, and presented a continuous shore from Lopatka to Point Cambodia, holding a population comparatively civilized, and all professing some elementary form of the Boodhism of later days. Those peoples, like the Chinese of the present, were bound to live at home, and probably observed that law until after the con- fusion of languages and the dispersion of the builders of Babel in 1757, A. M .; but subsequently, within the following century, the old Mongolians, like the new, crossed the great ocean in the very paths taken by the present representatives of the race, arrived on the same shores, which now extend a very questionable hospitality to them, and entered at once upon the colonization of the country south and east, while the Caucasian race engaged in a similar move- ment of exploration and colonization over what may be justly termed the western extension of Asia, and both peoples growing stalwart under the change, attained a moral and physical eminence to which they never could lay claim under the tropical sun which shed its beams upon the cradle of the human race.
That mysterions people who, like the Brahmins of to-day, wor- shiped some transitory deity, and in after years, evidently embraced the idealization of Boodhism, as preached in Mongolia early in the 35th century of the world, together with acquiring the learning of the Confucian and Pythagorean schools of the same period, spread all over the land, and in their numerous settlements erected these raths, or mounds, and sacrificial altars whereon they received their
19
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
periodical visiting gods, surrendered their bodies to natural absorp- tion or annihilation, and watched for the return of some transmi- grated soul, the while adoring the universe, which with all beings they believed would be eternally existent. They possessed religious orders corresponding in external show at least with the Essenes or Theraputæ of the pre-Christian and Christian epochs, and to the reformed Theraputæ or monks of the present. Every memento of their coming and their stay which has descended to us is an evi- dence of their civilized condition. The free copper found within the tumuli; the open veins of the Superior and Iron Mountain copper-mines, with all the modus operandi of ancient mining, such as ladders, levers, chisels, and hammer-heads, discovered by the French explorers of the Northwest and the Mississippi, are conclu- sive proofs that those prehistoric people were highly civilized, and that many flourishing colonies were spread throughout the Missis- sippi valley, while yet the mammoth, the mastodon, and a hundred other animals, now only known by their gigantic fossil remains, guarded the eastern shore of the continent as it were against sup- posed invasions of the Tower Builders who went west from Babel; while yet the beautiful isles of the Antilles formed an integral portion of this continent, long years before the European Northman dreamed of setting forth to the discovery of Greenland and the northern isles, and certainly at a time when all that portion of America north of latitude 45° was an ice-incumbered waste.
Within the last few years great advances have been made toward the discovery of antiquities whether pertaining to remains of organic or inorganic nature. Together with many small, but telling relics of the early inhabitants of the country, the fossils of pre- historic animals have been unearthed from end to end of the land, and in districts, too, long pronounced by geologists of some repute to be without even a vestige of vertebrate fossils. Among the collected souvenirs of an age about which so very little is known, are twenty-five vertebræ averaging thirteen inches in diameter, and three vertebræ ossified together measure nine cubical feet; a thigh-bone five feet long by twenty-eight, by twelve inches in diameter, and the shaft fourteen by eight inches thick, the entire lot weighing 600 lbs. These fossils are presumed to belong to the cretaceous period, when the Dinosaur roamed over the country from East to West, desolating the villages of the people. This animal is said to have been sixty feet long, and when feeding in cypress and palm forests, to extend himself eighty-five feet, so that he may
20
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
devour the budding tops of those great trees. Other efforts in this direction may lead to great results, and culminate probably in the discovery of a tablet engraven by some learned Mound Builder, describing in the ancient hieroglyphics of China all these men and beasts whose history excites so much speculation. The identity of the Mound Builders with the Mongolians might lead us to hope for such a consummation; nor is it beyond the range of probability, particularly in this practical age, to find the future labors of some industrious antiquarian requited by the upheaval of a tablet, written in the Tartar characters of 1700 years ago, bearing on a subject which can now be treated only on a purely circumstantial basis.
THE SECOND IMMIGRATION
may have begun a few centuries prior to the Christian era, and unlike the former expedition or expeditions, to have traversed north- eastern Asia to its Arctic confines, and then east to the narrow channel now known as Behring's Straits, which they crossed, and sailing up the unchanging Yukon, settled under the shadow of Mount St. Elias for many years, and pushing South commingled with their countrymen, soon acquiring the characteristics of the descendants of the first colonists. Chinese chronicles tell of such a people, who went North and were never heard of more. Circum- stances conspire to render that particular colony the carriers of a new religious faith and of an alphabetic system of a representative character to the old colonists, and they, doubtless, exercised a most beneficial influence in other respects ; because the influx of immi- grants of such culture as were the Chinese, even of that remote period, must necessarily bear very favorable results, not only in bringing in reports of their travels, but also accounts from the fatherland bearing on the latest events.
With the idea of a second and important exodus there are many theorists united, one of whom says: "It is now the generally received opinion that the first inhabitants of America passed over from Asia through these straits. The number of small islands lying between both continents renders this opinion still more probable; and it is yet further confirmed by some remarkable traces of similarity in the physical conformation of the northern natives of both continents. The Esquimaux of North America, the Samoieds of Asia, and the Laplanders of Europe, are supposed to be of the same family; and this supposition is strengthened by the affinity which exists in their languages. The researches of Hum-
21
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
boldt have traced the Mexicans to the vicinity of Behring's Straits; whence it is conjectured that they, as well as the Peruvians and other tribes, came originally from Asia, and were the Hiongnoos, who are, in the Chinese annals, said to have emigrated under Puno, and to have been lost in the North of Siberia."
Since this theory is accepted by most antiquaries, there is every reason to believe that from the discovery of what may be called an overland route to what was then considered an eastern extension of that country which is now known as the "Celestial Empire," many caravans of emigrants passed to their new homes in the land of illimitable possibilities until the way became a well-marked trail over which the Asiatic might travel forward, and having once entered the Elysian fields never entertained an idea of returning. Thus from generation to generation the tide of immigration poured in until the slopes of the Pacific and the banks of the great inland rivers became hives of busy industry. Magnificent cities and monuments were raised at the bidding of the tribal leaders and populous settlements centered with happy ' villages sprung up everywhere in manifestation of the power and wealth and knowl- edge of the people. The colonizing Caucasian of the historic period walked over this great country on the very ruins of a civil- ization which a thousand years before eclipsed all that of which he could boast. He walked through the wilderness of the West over buried treasures hidden under the accumulated growth of nature, nor rested until he saw, with great surprise, the remains of ancient pyramids and temples and cities, larger and evidently more beauti- ful than ancient Egypt could bring forth after its long years of uninterrupted history. The pyramids resemble those of Egypt in exterior form, and in some instances are of larger dimensions. The pyramid of Cholula is square, having each side of its base 1,335 feet in length, and its height about 172 feet. Another pyramid, sitnated in the north of Vera Cruz, is formed of large blocks of highly-polished porphyry, and bears upon its front hiero- glyphic inscriptions and curious sculpture. Each side of its square base is 82 feet in length, and a flight of 57 steps conducts to its summit, which is 65 feet in height. The ruins of Palenque are said to extend 20 miles along the ridge of a mountain, and the remains of an Aztec city, near the banks of the river Gila, are spread over more than a square league. Their literature consisted of hieroglyphics; but their arithmetical knowledge did not extend farther than their calculations by the aid of grains of corn. Yet,
22
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
notwithstanding all their varied accomplishments, and they were evidently many, their notions of religious duty led to a most demo- niac zeal at once barbarously savage and ferociously cruel. Each visiting, god instead of bringing new life to the people, brought death to thousands; and their grotesque idols, exposed to drown the senses of the beholders in fear, wrought wretchedness rather than spiritual happiness, until, as some learned and humane Monte- zumian said, the people never approached these idols without fear, and this fear was the great animating principle, the great religions motive power which sustained the terrible religion. Their altars were sprinkled with blood drawn from their own bodies in large quantities, and on them thousands of human victims were sacri- ficed in honor of the demons whom they worshiped. The head and heart of every captive taken in war were offered up as a bloody sacrifice to the god of battles, while the victorious legions feasted on the remaining portions of the dead bodies. It has been ascer- tained that during the ceremonies attendant on the consecration of two of their temples, the number of prisoners offered up in sacri- fice was 12,210; while their own legions contributed voluntary victims to the terrible belief in large numbers. Nor did this horrible custom cease immediately after 1521, when Cortez entered the imperial city of the Montezumas; for, on being driven from it, all his troops who fell into the hands of the native soldiers were subjected to the most terrible and prolonged suffering that could be experienced in this world, and when about to yield up that spirit which is indestructible, were offered in sacrifice, their hearts and heads consecrated, and the victors allowed to feast on the yet warm flesh.
A reference is made here to the period when the Montezumas ruled over Mexico, simply to gain a better idea of the hideous idolatry which took the place of the old Boodhism of the Mound Builders, and doubtless helped in a great measure to give victory to the new comers, even as the tenets of Mahometanism urged the ignorant followers of the prophet to the conquest of great nations. It was not the faith of the people who built the mounds and the pyramids and the temples, and who, 200 years before the Christian era, built the great wall of jealous China. No: rather was it that terrible faith born of the Tartar victory, which carried the great defenses of China at the point of the javelin and hatchet, who afterward marched to the very walls of Rome, under Alaric, and
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