USA > Indiana > Jackson County > History of Jackson County, Indiana > Part 1
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HISTORY
OF
JACKSON COUNTY,
INDIANA.
FROM THE EARLIEST TIME TO THE PRESENT, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, NOTES, ETC., TOGETHER WITH AN EXTENDED) HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST, THE INDIANA TERRITORY, AND THE STATE OF INDIANA.
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ILLUSTRATED. ·
CHICAGO:
BRANT & FULLER.
1886.
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F532 . J2HG
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CHICAGO: JOHN MORRIS COMPANY PRINTERS.
LON TIS CHICAGO, ILL.
Gen. Lib.
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1557751
PREFACE.
TN issuing the History of Jackson County to our patrons, we do not claim for it absolute perfection, for it doubtless contains some unavoidable errors. Indeed, perfection in the art of book making has not yet been attained. Nor do those most conversant with the facts that go to make up history often, if ever, agree. The work of compiling the History of Jackson County has been in progress for several months and has been prosecuted almost unceasingly by a large number of men in its various departments. The difficulty of reconciling all the discrepancies to be met with in such a work is almost insurmountable. Notwithstanding this we believe that we have been able by constant and faithful work, to present a history of the county that is as nearly complete as is possible with all reasonable efforts. The work is fully up to the standard of our promises, both in contents and mechanical execu- tion. We have endeavored to avoid all superfluous and unneces- sary language, and have confined ourselves to a pleasing statement of the facts. In the spelling of proper names there is such a wide difference, even among members of the same family, that our only guide was each man's desire. Every clue that gave promise of important facts connected with the history of the county has been outrun by those engaged in the preparation of the work, and efforts ceased only when hope failed. The accuracy of the state- ments, the superior workmanship and beauty combine to assure us that the volume will be favorably received and highly appreciated by those for whom it was prepared. Our thanks are due to those who have rendered us assistance, and to our patrons.
THE PUBLISHERS.
CHICAGO, ILL., April, 1886. .
242459
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CONTENTS.
PART I .- HISTORY OF INDIANA.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE.
PREHISTORIC RACES.
17
Antiquities. 19
Chinese, The ... 18
Discovery by Columbus. 33
Explorations by the Whites 37
Corydon, the Capitol ..
117
Governor Posey
117
Indiana in 1810 ..
84
Population in 1815 ..
118
Territorial Legislature, The First
84
Western Sun, The
84
CHAPTER V.
ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE, KTC 121
Amendment, The Fifteenth. 147
Black Hawk War .. 126
Constitution, Formation of the. 121
Campaigns Against the Indians 128
Defeat of Black Hawk.
130
Exodus of the Indians .. 131
General Assembly, The First 122
Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Treaty of 142
Harmony Community. 184
Indian Titles .. 132
Immigration ..
125
Lafayette, Action at .. 127
Land Sales
133
Mexican War, The
136
Slavery.
144
CHAPTER VI.
INDIANA IN THE REBELLION
148
Batteries of Light Infantry. 182 Battle Record of States 188
Call to Arms, The .. 149
Colored Troops of Indiana. 182
Calls of 1864
177
Field, In the ..
152
Independent Cavalry Regiment. 181
Morgan's Raid.
170
Minute-Men
170
One Hundred Days' Men 176
Regiments, Formation of. 151
Regiments, Sketch of. 153
Six Months' Regiments. 172 Expedition of Williamson 78
Fort Miami, Rattle of 80
Harrison and the Indians 87
Hopkins' Campaign. 105
Kickapoo Town, Burning of.
78
Maumee, Battle of ... 75
Massacre at Pigeon Roost
103
Mississinewa Town. Battle at 106
Oratory, Tecumseh's 114
Prophet Town, Destruction of 100
Peace with the Indians. 106
Siege of Fort Wayne 101
Siege of Fort Harrison 103
Tecumseh.
111
Tippecanoe, Battle of.
98
War of 1812. 101
War of 1812, Close of the 108
CHAPTER IV.
PAGE.
ORGANIZATION OF INDIAN TERRITORY.
82
Bank, Establishment of.
120
Courts, Formation of. 120 County Offices, Appointment of .. 119
Indians, The ...
31
Immigration, The First
18
Immigration, The Second ..
20
Pyramids, etc., The ..
21
Relics of the Mound-Builders. 23
Savage Customa
34
Tartars, The.
23
Vincennes .
39
Wabash River, The ...
39
White Men, The First 37
CHAPTER II.
NATIONAL POLICIES, ETC .. 41
American Policy, The.
46
Atrocity of the Savages. 47
Burning of Hinton. 48
British Policy, The.
46
Clark's Expedition.
52
French Scheme, The
41
Gilbault, Father.
65
Government of the North west.
67
Hamilton's Career
6-4
Liquor and Gaming Laws
74 42
Missionaries, The Catholic
Ordinance of 1787.
70
Pontiac's War ..
46
Ruse Against the Indians. 64
66
CHAPTER III.
OPERATIONS AGAINST THE INDIANS 75
Battle at Peoria Lake
104
Campaign of Harrison 02
Cession Treaties. 93
Defeat of St. Clair.
79
Defensive Operations. 76 75 79
Expedition of Harmer.
Expedition of Wayne
Expedition of St. Clair. 78
CHAPTER VII.
STATE AFFAIRS AFTER THE REBELLION 199
Agriculture 200
Coal 2017
Divorce Laws. 193
Finances 194
Geology. 205
Internal Improvements. 199
Indiana Horticultural Society. 212
Indiana Pomological Society .. 213
Special Laws.
190
State Bank 196
State Board of Agriculture. 209
State Expositions ..
210
Wealth and Progress
197
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Vigo, Francis.
VI
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VIII.
PAGE.
PAGE.
EDUCATION AND BENEVOLENCE 215
Bee Hunting
263
Blind Institute, The. 232
City School System 218
Compensation of Teachers 220
Cooking
247
Denominational and Private Institu- tions.
230
Deaf and Dumb Institute.
236
Dress and Manners
249
Education .. 265
Enumeration of Scholars 219
Family Worship ...
252
Free School System, The
215
Funds, Management of the. 217
Female Prison and Reformatory
241
Governors ... 275
Guarding against Indians 270
Hospitality. 253
House of Refuge, The. 243
Insane Hospital, The. 238
Log Cabin, The. 245
Money ...
255
Native Animals 264
Northern Indiana Normal School. 229
Origin of School Funds. 221
Purdue University 224
Prairie Fires. 259
School Statistics 218
Sleeping Accommodations
247
Snakes.
263
State University, The.
222
State Normal School.
228
State Prison, South
239
State Prison, North 240
Spelling Schools
267
Singing Schools.
268
The Supremacies.
284
The Bright Side.
271
Trade.
255
United States Senators
279
Women's Work
248
Wild Hogs. 261
Wolf Hunts 262
What the Pioneers Have Done. 272
STATES OF THE UNION.
Their Settlement - Origin of Name and Meaning - Cognomen - Mottoes -- Ad- mission into the Union-Population- Area-Number of Soldiers Furnished during the Rebellion-Number of Repre- sentatives in Congress-Present Gov- ernors, etc ... 284
PART II .- HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
GEOLOGY
307
Artesian Water 812
Fossils
308
Features, General. 307
Geodes ... 310
Iron, Bog 311
Kinderhook Beds, The. 308
Limestone, Oolite. 311
Local Details 308
Quaternary Period, The 311
311
Salt ..
311
Section at Baughman's.
309
Section at Shields Mill
309
Section at Pea Ridge ...
310
Section in Salt Creek Township 810
Strata, Dip of. 309
Wells at Brownstown 812
CHAPTER II.
INDIANS AND MOUND-BUILDERS 313
Aboriginal Inhabitants of Indiana. 314
Antiquities of Jackson County 320
Battle of Tipton's Island. 318
Indian Reminiscences. 315
Influence of the French
313
Mounds, Classes and Contents 320
Murders by the Indians 317
Occupants of Jackson County 814 Perilous Trip, A .. 316
Policy of the English 314
Prehistoric People 319
3.23
Succeeding Races.
CHAPTER III.
ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY 324
Associate Judges. 358
Act of Creation 324
Agricultural Societies.
Auditors ..
Boundary of County, Original. 325
Board of Justices 337
Boundary of Townships in 1841 338
Bridges .
360
County Organization
326
County Seat, Location of. 328
County Seat, Struggles
344 and 848
Clerks ...
380
Coroners
359
Court House, Now. 348
County Officers 358
Early Townships, The
335
Elections ...
856
Extinction of Indian Titles
826
Finances 350
Jails. 346 and 349
Medical Society 254
Poor Asylum 849
Poor, Expenses of. 352
Probate Judges ... 358
Public Buildings 341
Recorders.
359
Sheriffs 358
Surveyors. 859
Townships, Creation of.
Brownstown 828
Carr
336
Driftword 328
Grassy Fork 331
Hamilton 334
Owen. 338
Redding 336
Salt Creek 335
Vernon.
337
Washington 339
Treasurers 360
CHAPTER IV.
-
SETTLEMENT, BROWNSTOWN TOWNSHIP 362
Block-Houses and Forts 364
Churches ..
371
Early Settlements
Elizabethtown 369
Ewing 364
Manufactories of. 367
Grand Army of Republic. 370 Gravel Roads. 370
Hanging of Rodman 368
Killing of Buskirk 364
Land Entries .. 363
Milling Enterprises .. 365
Naming of Township. 362
Organization 362
Shields and North Brownstown 309
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Acts of County Board 327 to 335 353
359
Sandy Plains, The ...
Total School Funds
220
VII
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER V.
PAGE.
CARR TOWNSHIP.
.372
Churches. 375
First Settler. 373
Flinn Township. 373
Ferries .. 378
Land Entries 374
Life in the Woods 375
Location and Surface. 372
Mills, Tanneries, Distilleries, etc. 377
Pioneers of the Township. 373
Sparksville. 378
Weddleville
379
CHAPTER VI.
DRIFTWOOD TOWNSHIP 380
Bear Hunt. 390
Births, Marriages and Deaths. 391
Confederates of Aaron Burr .. 381
Churches ... 392
Drucilla and New Rotterdam.
395
Distilleries, Milla, etc.
388
Early Struggles. 383 English Settlers. 381 First Settlement. 881
French Settlement 380
Graham William 395
Grist Mills, etc ...
384
Indian Murders 389
Land Sales
389
Mill Creek 387
Vallonia 893
Wild Animals.
CHAPTER VII.
GRASSY FORK TOWNSHIP. 397
Churches. 402
Cotton Raising. 400
Early Enterprises 898
Early Settlements. 397
Entries of Land. 398
Elections ...... 899
Euchretown .. 400
Indigo Plant ....
401
Pioneers, The ...
Religious Meeting ..
899
Sidney ..
409
Situation of Township. 397
401
Tampico.
CHAPTER VIII.
HAMILTON TOWNSHIP 406
Courtland. 411
Dangers to the Settlers .. 405
Distilleries and Tanneries 409 Early Farming. 406 First Citizens. 407
First Birth
409
Land Purchasers.
Lynch Law. 411
408
Physicians
412
Religion
410
Soil and Surface 405
CHAPTER IX.
JACKSON TOWNSHIP .... ... 413
Adventure with a Bear. 419
Amusements, Early 417
Churches ..
417.
Early Settlers ..
413
First Land Entries.
414
Friends, The.
418
Indians, The. 415
Milling Enterprises. 416
New Farmington 420
415
Pioneer Life.
CHAPTER X.
OWEN TOWNSHIP ..
421
Brooks and Tally
PAGK.
Clear Spring ...
427
Early Industries. 422
First Land Owners 422
Hanging of Clarke. 425 Murder of Marian Cuttor. 426
Religious History ....
423
Secret Societies 4%8
Squatters. 421
Surface ... 421
CHAPTER XI.
REDDING TOWNSHIP ..
490
Churches and Religion 492
Land Entries. 491
Location of Settlers 430
Occupation of the Pioneers. 432
Reddington.
437
Rockford.
433
Leading Merchants 434
J. M. & I. Railroad. 434 Murder of Quamby 436
Secret Societies
435
Newspapers. 436
CHAPTER XII.
SALT CREEK TOWNSHIP .. 438
Area and Situation 488
Daniel Boone, With 440
First Settlers 439
Freetown
449
Grand Army of the Republic.
.443, 444
390
Houston
443
Indians
488
Land Entries 440
Meetings and Churches 441
Mills.
441
Spraytown.
444
Tanneries
442
Wild Game.
489
442
CHAPTER XIII.
VERNON TOWNSHIP
445
397 General Features of Township. 445
Mill, the First 447
New Jersey
449
Newry
448
Religious
447
Retreat
448
Site of First Settlement ....... 445
Uniontown 448
CHAPTER XIV.
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 450
Chestnut Ridge 457
Churches ... 455
Dudleytown
457
407 German Settlers. 454
Land Sales.
464
Langdon.
457
Panther Hunting. 456
Review of the Past 450
Soil and Surface 453
Settlements
453, 454
CHAPTER XV.
TOWNS ..
459
SEYMOUR
459
466
Buildings, First ... 460 Churches ... 480
Express Robberies
491
First Train on the O. & M. Railroad 463
495
Hotel, First.
461
Hotels, Later 465
Incorporation. 467
Incorporation, Officers of 468
Laying out of.
459
427 Lynch Law. 499
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Additions to
Hanging, Second, The.
Mills of the Township.
Miscellaneous .. 399 Customs of Pioneers. 446
Whisky, Manufacture of.
VIII
CONTENTS.
PAGK.
Manufactories of.
472
Merchants, Present ..
478
New Albany Tragedy, The. 496 News from Fort Sumter. 632
Newspapers 469
Population ..
471
Postmasters
465
Professional Men, Early. 46/
Professional Men, Present
475
Railroads, The ...
463
Reno Gang, The.
490
Rockford's Jealousy
463 Sentiment in 1863 553
Sixty-seventh Regiment, Account of. 551
Training Days, the Early
CHAPTER XVII.
BENCH AND BAR ..
565
Ad Quod Demnum
567
Attorneys, Early .. 570
Attorneys, Roll of
58
Associate Judges . 569 and
578
Character of Early Judges 569
Character of Early Attorneys
570
Circuit Court, First
565
Common Pleas Courts. 581
Common Pleas Judges 582
Court of Conciliation. 582
Courts under the New Constitution 578
Criminal Trials .. 579
Divorce, First. 666
Early Items ... 572
First Grand Jury 565
First Court Officers 567
Findley Murder Trial. 577
First Trial, The. 566
Fugitive Slave Trials 568
German Naturalization 574
Important Early Cases. 574
Judge Thompson 572
577
John Doe vs. Richard Roe 579
580
Probate Courts ..
583
Revolutionary Pensioners .. 578
Press of ...
526
Slander Case, Interesting.
575
Professional Men
528
Secret Societies. 527
.
CHAPTER XVIII.
SCHOOLS ..
585
Brownstown.
587
Brownstown Township. 588
Company B, of the Twenty-second 539 Carr Township .. 595
Company G of the Twenty-fifth 541
Companies for the Fiftieth. 545
Companies for the Sixty-seventh 548
Draft Sentiments .. 558
Drafts, The 557
Early Volunteering. 537
First Company from the County 537
Fiftieth Regiment, Sketch of 547
Home Guards, The ... 538
Indignation at the Rebels 536
Jackson Union, The 554
Legion, Companies of. 558 Salt Creek Township 594
Legion Drill ..
559
Mexican Soldiers
531
Men Furnished by the County. 557
Militia, The County 558
PART III .- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
Brownstown Township .. 603
Carr Township 629 Driftwood Township. 647
Grassy Fork Township. 657 Hamilton Township ... 662
Owen Township .....
728
Redding Township. 733
Salt Creek Township. 737
Militia, The Early
530
Morgan Raid, The .
559
Other Companies. 539
Other Regiments. 565
One Hundred and Forty-fifth Regiment 656 Opinion, Public. 643
Public Meetings.
532
Renewed Volunteering.
544
Sentiment in 1861. 531
462
Schools, The.
466
Secret Societies. 475
Settler, The First. 460
Site of, First Owners 459
464
BROWNSTOWN
198
Business Interests. 501, 508
Building and Loan Associations ... 618
Churches.
506
Early Residents. 500
Incorporation. 504 499
Lots, Sale of.
500
Manufactories.
502
Merchants, Early
505
Ode to ...
504
Officers of
505
Press of.
514
Secret Societies.
512
CROTHERSVILLE
519 520
Additions to.
Churches.
521
First and Later Merchants 520
Laying Out of. 520
Location of.
519
Manufacturing Enterprises
520
Secret Societies
522
MEDORA
Churches
Flat-Boats.
528 529
Mills ...
525
Murder of Flynn and Reynolds. 527
County Seminaries .. 601
Driftwood Township 685
Examiners. 602
Funds, Agents for. 598
First School in County 585
Grassy Fork Township.
586
Hamilton Township 597
598
Institutes ...
Jackson Township. 590
Owen Township. 591
Redding Township. 592
Superintendents .. 597
Surplus Revenue, The ..
601
Vernon Township ...
596
Washington Township. 589
Vernon Township.
749
Washington Township ..
758
PORTRAITS.
Jackson Township.
673
Joseph Miller ...
385
W. N. McDonald .......
451
Henry L. Gaiser ..
517
Rev. Anthony A. Schenk.
599
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CHAPTER XVI.
MILITARY HISTORY
530
Arrest of Jason Brown 560
Bounty and Relief. 562
524
Judge Otto ....
Judges, Later
Sumner Murder Trial
575
Venue, First Change of. 566
PAGE.
Sale of Lots.
Tradesmen, First.
Location of County Seat.
PART I.
HISTORY OF INDIANA,
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HISTORY OF INDIANA:
FORMER OCCUPANTS.
1
PREHISTORIC RACES.
Scientists have ascribed to the Mound Builders varied origins, and though their divergence of opinion may for a time seem incom- patible with a thorough investigation of the subject, and tend to a confusion of ideas, no doubt whatever can exist as to the compar- ative accuracy of conclusions arrived at by some of them. Like the vexed question of the Pillar Towers of Ireland, it has caused much speculation, and elicited the opinions of so many iearned antiquarians, ethnologists and travelers, that it will not be found beyond the range of possibility to make deductions that may suffice to solve the problem who were the prehistoric settlers of America. To achieve this it will not be necessary to go beyond the period over which Scripture history extends, or to indulge in those airy flights of imagination so sadly identified with occasional writers of even the Christian school, and all the accepted literary exponents of modern paganism.
That this continent is co-existent with the world of the ancients cannot be questioned. Every investigation, instituted under the auspices of modern civilization, confirms the fact and leaves no channel open through which the skeptic can escape the thorough refutation of his opinions. China, with its numerous living testi- monials of antiquity, with its ancient, though limited literature and its Babelish superstitions, claims a continuous history from antediluvian times; but although its continuity may be denied with every just reason, there is nothing to prevent the transmission of a hieroglyphic record of its history prior to 1656 anno mundi, since many traces of its early settlement survived the Deluge, and became sacred objects of the first historical epoch. This very sur- vival of a record, such as that of which the Chinese boast, is not at variance with the designs of a God who made and ruled the universe; but that an antediluvian people inhabited this continent,
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HISTORY OF INDIANA.
will not be claimed; because it is not probable, though it may be possible, that a settlement in a land which may be considered a portion of the Asiatic continent, was effected by the immediate followers of the first progenitors of the human race. Therefore, on entering the study of the ancient people who raised these tumu- lus monuments over large tracts of the country, it will be just sufficient to wander back to that time when the flood-gates of heaven were swung open to hurl destruction on a wicked world; and in doing so the inquiry must be based on legendary, or rather upon many circumstantial evidences; for, so far as written narra- tive extends, there is nothing to show that a movement of people too far east resulted in a Western settlement.
THE FIRST IMMIGRATION.
The first and most probable sources in which the origin of the Builders must be sought, are those countries lying along the east- ern coast of Asia, which doubtless at that time stretched far beyond its present limits, and presented a continuous shore from Lopatka to Point Cambodia, holding a population comparatively civilized, and all professing some elementary form of the Boodhism of later days. Those peoples, like the Chinese of the present, were bonnd to live at home, and probably observed that law until after the con- fusion of languages and the dispersion of the builders of Babel in 1757, A. M .; but subsequently, within the following century, the old Mongolians, like the new, crossed the great ocean in the very paths taken by the present representatives of the race, arrived on the same shores, which now extend a very questionable hospitality to them, and entered at once upon the colonization of the country south and east, while the Caucasian race engaged in a similar move- ment of exploration and colonization over what may be justly termed the western extension of Asia, and both peoples growing stalwart under the change, attained a moral and physical eminence to which they never could lay claim under the tropical sun which shed its beams upon the cradle of the human race.
That mysterious people who, like the Brahmins of to-day, wor- shiped some transitory deity, and in after years, evidentiy embraced the idealization of Boodhism, as preached in Mongolia early in the 35th century of the world, together with acquiring the learning of the Confucian and Pythagorean schools of the same period, spread all over the land, and in their numerous settlements erected these raths, or mounds, and sacrificial altars whereon they received their
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19
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
periodical visiting gods, surrendered their bodies to natural absorp- tion or annihilation, and watched for the return of some transmi- grated soul, the while adoring the universe, which with all beings they believed would be eternally existent. They possessed religious orders corresponding in external show at least with the Essenes or Theraputæ of the pre-Christian and Christian epochs, and to the reformed Theraputæ or monks of the present. Every memento of their coming and their stay which has descended to us is an evi- dence of their civilized condition. The free copper found within the tumuli; the open veins of the Superior and Iron Mountain copper-mines, with all the modus operandi of ancient mining, such as ladders, levers, chisels, and hammer-heads, discovered by the French explorers of the Northwest and the Mississippi, are conclu- sive proofs that those prehistoric people were highly civilized, and that many flourishing colonies were spread throughout the Missis- sippi valley, while yet the mammoth, the mastodon, and a hundred other animals, now only known by their gigantic fossil remains, guarded the eastern shore of the continent as it were against sup- posed invasions of the Tower Builders who went west from Babel; while yet the beautiful isles of the Antilles formed an integral portion of this continent, long years before the European Northman dreamed of setting forth to the discovery of Greenland and the northern isles, and certainly at a time when all that portion of . America north of latitude 45° was an ice-incumbered waste.
Within the last few years great advances have been made toward the discovery of antiquities whether pertaining to remains of organic or inorganic nature. Together with many small, but telling relics of the early inhabitants of the country, the fossils of pre- historic animals have been unearthed from end to end of the land, and in districts, too, long pronounced by geologists of some repute to be without even a vestige of vertebrate fossils. Among the collected souvenirs of an age about which so very little is known, are twenty-five vertebræ averaging thirteen inches in diameter, and three vertebrae ossified together measure nine cubical feet; a thigh-bone five feet long by twenty-eight, by tweive inches in diameter, and the shaft fourteen by eight inches thick, the entire lot weighing 600 lbs. These fossils are presumed to belong to the cretaceous period, when the Dinosaur roamed over the country from East to West, desolating the villages of the people. This animal is said to have been sixty feet long, and when feeding in cypress and palm forests, to extend himself eighty-five feet, so that he may
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HISTORY OF INDIANA.
devour the budding tops of those great trees. Other efforts in this direction may lead to great results, and culminate probably in the discovery of a tablet engraven by some learned Mound Builder, describing in the ancient hieroglyphics of China all these men and beasts whose history excites so much speculation. The identity of the Mound Builders with the Mongolians might lead us to hope for such a consummation; nor is it beyond the range of probability, particularly in this practical age, to find the future labors of some industrious antiquarian requited by the upheaval of a tablet, written in the Tartar characters of 1700 years ago, bearing on a subject which can now be treated only on a purely circumstantial basis.
THE SECOND IMMIGRATION
may have begun a few centuries prior to the Christian era, and unlike the former expedition or expeditions, to have traversed north- eastern Asia to its Arctic confines, and then east to the narrow channel now known as Behring's Straits, which they crossed, and sailing up the unchanging Yukon, settled under the shadow of Mount St. Elias for many years, and pushing South commingled with their countrymen, soon acquiring the characteristics of the descendants of the first colonists. Chinese chronicles tell of such & people, who went North and were never heard of more. Circum- stances conspire to render that particular colony the carriers of a new religious faith and. of an alphabetic system of a representative character to the old colonists, and they, doubtless, exercised a most beneficial influence in other respects ; because the influx of immi- grants of such culture as were the Chinese, even of that remote period, must necessarily bear very favorable results, not only in bringing in reports of their travels, but also accounts from the fatherland bearing on the latest events.
With the idea of a second and important exodus there are many theorists united, one of whoin says: "It is now the generally received opinion that the first inhabitants of America passed over from Asia through these straits. The number of small islands lying between both continents renders this opinion still more probable; and it is yet farther confirmed by some remarkable traces of similarity in the physical conformation of the northern natives of both continents. The Esquimaux of North America, the Samoieds of Asia, and the Laplanders of Europe, are supposed to be of the same family; and this supposition is strengthened by the affinity which exists in their languages. The researches of Hum-
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