USA > Indiana > Johnson County > History of Johnson County, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present, with biographical sketches, notes, etc. together with a short history of the Northwest, the Indiana territory, and the state of Indiana > Part 1
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92
GEN
=
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1833 00097 6024
Gc 977.201 J63B BANTA, DAVID DEMAREE, 1883- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY , INDIANA
HISTORY
OF
JOHNSON COUNTY,
INDIANA. David Demarce Banta
FROM THE EARLIEST TIME TO THE PRESENT, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, NOTES, ETC., TOGETHER WITH A SHORT HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST, THE INDIANA TERRITORY, AND THE STATE OF INDIANA.
ILLUSTRATED.
CHICAGO : BRANT & FULLER. I888.
A Reproduction by UNIGRAPHIC, INC. 4400 Jackson Avenue, Evansville, Indiana 47715 Nineteen Hundred Seventy
1538522
PREFACE.
AFTER several months of almost uninterrupted labor, the History of Johnson County is completed. In issuing it to our patrons we do not claim for it perfection; but that it contains that reasonable de- gree of accuracy which only could be expected of us, is confidently asserted. The difficulties that surround such an undertaking can scarcely be realized by one who has never engaged in work of the kind. To reconcile the doubtful and often conflicting statements that are so frequently made by those who would seem to be best informed, is a task both perplexing and tedious. Yet we believe that we have been able to present a history of the county that is as nearly complete as reason can demand, and the book exceeds our promises in almost every particular. We have endeavored to set forth the facts in as concise and unostentatious language as possible, believing it is for the facts and not for rhetorical display that the book is desired. The mechanical execution and general appear- ance of the volume will recommend it, even to the fastidious. The arrangement of the matter is such as to render an index almost superfluous, as the subject under consideration is at the top of every right-hand page. For further details the italic subdivisions will enable the reader to refer with readiness to any topic. In the spell- ing of proper names there is such a wide difference, even among members of the same family, and is a matter of so arbitrary a nature, that our only guide was each man's desire. Every clew that gave promise of important facts connected with the county's history has been investigated by those engaged in the work. We believe the volume will be favorably received and highly appreciated by those for whom it was prepared. Our thanks are due to those who have rendered us assistance and to our patrons.
THE PUBLISHERS.
CHICAGO, ILL., October, 1888.
CONTENTS.
PART I .- HISTORY OF INDIANA.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE.
PREHISTORIC RACES.
17
Antiquities.
19
Chinese, The .. 18
Discovery by Columbus. 33
Explorations by the Whites. 37
Indians, The.
31
Immigration, The First. 18
Immigration, The Second
20
Pyramids, etc .. The ..... 21
Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Treaty of. 142
134
Indian Titles 132
Immigration 125
Lafayette, Action at. 127 Land Sales 133
Mexican War, The. 136
Slavery
144
CHAPTER VI.
INDIANA IN THE REBELLION 148
Batteries of Light Infantry. 182
Battle Record of States. 188
Call to Arms, The. 149
Colored Troops of Indiana. 182
Calls of 1864. 177
Field, In the ... 152
Independent Cavalry Regiment. 181
Morgan's Raid 170
Minute-Men.
170
One Hundred Days' Men 176
Regiments, Formation of. 151
Regiments, Sketch of. 153
Six Months' Regiments. 172
CHAPTER VII.
STATE AFFAIRS AFTER THE REBELLION .. 189
Agriculture 209
Battle at Peoria Lake .. 104 Coal 207
Campaign of Harrison 92
Cession Treaties. 93
Defeat of St. Clair.
79
Defensive Operations.
76
Expedition of Harmer
75
Expedition of Wayne.
79
Expedition of St. Clair.
78
Expedition of Williamson 78
Fort Miami, Battle of. 80
Harrison and the Indians 87
Hopkins' Campaign .. 105
Kickapoo Town, Burning of. 78
Maumee, Battle of ... 75
Massacre at Pigeon Roost. 103
Mississinewa Town, Battle at. 106 Oratory, Tecumseh's 114
Prophet Town, Destruction of. 100
Peace with the Indians 106
Siege of Fort Wayne ... 101
Siege of Fort Harrison 103
Tecumseh 111
Tippecanoe, Battle of. 98
War of 1812. 101
War of 1812, Close of the. 108
CHAPTER IV. ,
ORGANIZATION OF INDIANA TERRITORY 82
Bank, Establishment of. 120
Courts, Formation of. 120
County Offices, Appointment of. 119
Corydon, the Capital 117
Gov. Posey ... 117
Indiana in 1810. 84
Population in 1815 .. I18
Territorial Legislature, The First. 84
Western Sun, The.
8.4
CHAPTER V. PAGE.
ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE, ETC ..... 121
Amendment, The Fifteenth. 147
Black Hawk War. 126
Constitution, Formation of the. 121
Campaigns Against the Indians. 128
Defeat of Black Hawk. 130
Exodus of the Indians. 131
General Assembly, The First. 122
Relics of the Mound-Builders.
23
Savage Customs
34
Tartars, The 23
Vincennes
39
Wabash River, The .. 39
White Men, The First.
37
CHAPTER II.
NATIONAL POLICIES, ETC. 41
American Policy, The ..
46
Atrocity of the Savages 47
Burning of Hinton 18
British Policy, The
40
Clark's Expedition.
52
French Scheme, The
41 65
Gilbault, Father ..
Government of the Northwest.
67
Hamilton's Career ....
64
Liquor and Gaming Laws ...
74
Missionaries, The Catholic ..
42
Ordinance of 1787 ..
70
Pontiac's War
46
Ruse Against the Indians 6-4
Vigo, Francis
6
CHAPTER III.
OPERATIONS AGAINST THE INDIANS 75
193
Finances
Geology 205
Internal Improvements ... 199
Indiana Horticultural Society. 212
Indiana I'romological Society 213
Special Laws.
190
State Bank .. 196
State Board of Agriculture 209
State Expositions 210
Wealth and Progress. 197
CHAPTER VIII.
EDUCATION AND BENEVOLENCE. 215
Blind Institute, The 232
City School System. 218
Compensation of Teachers 220
Denominational and Private Institutions. 230
Deaf and Dumb Institute 236
Education .. 265
Enumeration of Scholars 219
Family Worship. 252
Free School System, The .. 215
Funds, Management of the. 217
Female Prisou and Reformatory 241
House of Refuge, The. 243
Insane Hospital, The ... 238
Northern Indiana Normal School 229
Origin of School Funds. 221
Purdue University. 224
School Statistics. 218
State University, The. 222
State Normal School .. 228
State Prison, South' 239
State Prison, North 240
Total School Funds
220
194
Divorce Laws
Harmony Community ...
vi
CONTENTS.
PART II .- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
INDIAN HISTORY - Pre-historic Races-Early Indian Occupants-The Miamis, Their Habits and Characteristics-Indian Rel- ics-The Delawares-Their Residence in Indiana- Remnants from Other Tribes - Last of the Red Men. 277
CHAPTER II.
EARLY SETTLEMENTS - Territorial Times - Traces and Early Roads-The Whetzels- The Bluffs-Struggle for the State Capi- tol-First Permanent Settlement-Story of the Settlement by Townships - The White and Blue River Settlements - Founding Franklin -Reminiscences .. . 290
CHAPTER III.
THE PIONEERS - Where They Came From- Who They Were- Arrival in the New Country - Deserted Cabins - Architec- ture of the Early Homes -Modes of Travel - Hardships of New Comers -Domestic Animals-Mast - Hog Steal- ing - Situation of New Homes - Primi- tive Tools - Mode of Farming - Hunt- ing Incidents - Woman's Work - Doc- tors and Diseases - Morals, Social Cus- toms, Etc 326
CHAPTER IV.
SCHOOLS - Early Legislative Acts in Rela- tion to - Examination and Qualifica- tions of Early Teachers - Primitive Buildings and Methods - First Schools - List of Early Pedagogues-Later and More Improved Methods - Provisions of New Constitution - Present School Cen- sus - Franklin College. 361
CHAPTER V.
BENCH AND BAR - Circuit Court-Its Judges and Officers - First Sessions - Early Cases - Probate Court- Courts Under the New Constitution - Common Pleas - Fluctuation of Litigation - Circuit Judges and Prosecuting Attorneys - Early Attorneys. 389
CHAPTER VI.
GEOLOGY - Situation and Boundary - Top- ography - Connected Section - Recent Geology - Paleozoic Geology. 462 1
CHAPTER VII.
TOWNS - Franklin-Early Business Men and Residents - Incorporation - Officers --- Industries - Banks-The Press - Secret Societies-Loan Associations-Edinburg - Greenwood - Williamsburgh-Trafal- gar - Whiteland-Union Village-Other Small Villages. 504
CHAPTER VIII.
COUNTY ORGANIZATION - Organic Act - Lo- cating County Seat - Sale of Lots- Public Buildings - Methods of Doing County Business - Finances - Poor Ex- penses - Creation of Townships - Elec- tions - County Officers - Roads -Medi- cal Societies, Etc. .. 680
CHAPTER IX.
MILITARY HISTORY - Early Militia - Black Hawk War - Mexican War - Civil War -Sentiments in 1860 - First Troops - Sketches of Regiments - Sentiment in 1863-Bounty and Relief-Men Furnished for the War - Roll of Honor .. ~26
CHAPTER X.
RELIGIOUS HISTORY-Presbyterian Churches at Franklin, Greenwood, Whiteland, Shi- loh, Hopewell, Edinburg, and Others - Baptist Churches at Franklin, Green- wood, Amity, Mt. Zion, Trafalgar, Mt. Pleasant, Edinburg, and Other Points Christian Churches of the County - Methodists - Catholics. 837
In order to find any particular biographical sketch, refer to the township in which the per- son lives, where they will be found in alphabeti- cal order. The sketches for each township be- gin as follows:
Blue River Township 399
Clark Township. 475
Franklin - City and Township. 579
Hensley Township 697
Needham Township. 719
Nineveh Township 743
Pleasant Township: 767
Union Township. 875
White River Township. 884
PORTRAITS.
D. D. Banta.
. Frontispiece
William McCaslin
Facing 275
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
FORMER OCCUPANTS.
PREHISTORIC RACES.
Scientists have ascribed to the Mound Builders varied origins, and though their divergence of opinion may for a time seem incom- patible with a thorough investigation of the subject, and tend to a confusion of ideas, no doubt whatever can exist as to the compar- ative accuracy of conclusions arrived at by some of them. Like the vexed question of the Pillar Towers of Ireland, it has caused much speculation, and elicited the opinions of so many learned antiquarians, ethnologists and travelers, that it will not be found beyond the range of possibility to make deductions that may suffice to solve the problem who were the prehistoric settlers of America. To achieve this it will not be necessary to go beyond the period over which Scripture history extends, or to indulge in those airy flights of imagination so sadly identified with occasional writers of even the Christian school, and all the accepted literary exponents of modern paganism.
That this continent is co-existent with the world of the ancients cannot be questioned. Every investigation, instituted under the auspices of modern civilization, confirms the fact and leaves no channel open through which the skeptic can escape the thorough refutation of his opinions. China, with its numerous living testi- monials of antiquity, with its ancient, though limited literature and its Babelish superstitions, claims a continuous history from antediluvian times; but although its continuity may be denied with every just reason, there is nothing to prevent the transmission of a hieroglyphic record of its history prior to 1656 anno mundi, since many traces of its early settlement survived the Deluge, and became sacred objects of the first historical epoch. This very sur- vival of a record, such as that of which the Chinese boast, is not at variance with the designs of a God who made and ruled the universe; but that an antediluvian people inhabited this continent,
18
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
will not be claimed; because it is not probable, though it may be possible, that a settlement in a land which may be considered a portion of the. Asiatic continent, was effected by the immediate followers of the first progenitors of the human race. Therefore, on entering the study of the ancient people who raised these tumu- lus monuments over large tracts . of the country, it will be just sufficient to wander back to that time when the flood-gates of heaven were swung open to hurl destruction on a wicked world; and in doing so the inquiry must be based on legendary, or rather upon many circumstantial evidences; for, so far as written narra- tive extends, there is nothing to show that a movement of people too far east resulted in a Western settlement.
THE FIRST IMMIGRATION.
The first and most probable sources in which the origin of the Builders must be sought, are those countries lying along the east- ern coast of Asia, which doubtless at that time stretched far beyond its present limits, and presented a continuous shore from Lopatka to Point Cambodia, holding a population comparatively civilized, and all professing some elementary form of the Boodhism of later days. Those peoples, like the Chinese of the present, were bonnd to live at home, and probably observed that law until after the con- fusion of languages and the dispersion of the builders of Babel in 1757, A. M .; but subsequently, within the following century, the old Mongolians, like the new, crossed the great ocean in the very paths taken by the present representatives of the race, arrived on the same shores, which now extend a very questionable hospitality to them, and entered at once upon the colonization of the country south and east, while the Caucasian race engaged in a similar move- ment of exploration and colonization over what may be justly termed the western extension of Asia, and both peoples growing stalwart under the change, attained a moral and physical eminence to which they never could lay claim under the tropical sun which shed its beams upon the cradle of the human race.
That mysterious people who, like the Brahmins of to-day, wor- shiped some transitory deity, and in after years, evidentiy embraced the idealization of Boodhism, as preached in Mongolia early in the 35th century of the world, together with acquiring the learning of the Confucian and Pythagorean schools of the same period, spread all over the land, and in their numerous settlements erected these raths, or mounds, and sacrificial altars whereon they received thei.
19
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
periodical visiting gods, surrendered their bodies to natural absorp- tion or annihilation, and watched for the return of some transmi- grated soul, the while adoring the universe, which with all beings they believed would be eternally existent. They possessed religious orders corresponding in external show at least with the Essenes cx Theraputæ of the pre-Christian and Christian epochs, and to the reformed Theraputæ or monks of the present. Every memento of their coming and their stay which has descended to us is an evi- dence of their civilized condition. The free copper found within the tumuli; the open veins of the Superior and Iron Mountain copper-mines, with all the modus operandi of ancient mining, such as ladders, levers, chisels, and hammer-heads, discovered by the French explorers of the Northwest and the Mississippi, are conclu- sive proofs that those prehistoric people were highly civilized, and that many flourishing colonies were spread throughout the Missis- sippi valley, while yet the mammoth, the mastodon, and a hundred other animals, now only known by their gigantic fossil remains, guarded the eastern shore of the continent as it were against sup- posed invasions of the Tower Builders who went west from Babel; while yet the beautiful isles of the Antilles formed an integral portion of this continent, long years before the European Northman dreamed of setting forth to the discovery of Greenland and the northern isles, and certainly at a time when all that portion of America north of latitude 45° was an ice-incumbered waste.
Within the last few years great advances have been made toward the discovery of antiquities whether pertaining to remains of organic or inorganic nature. Together with many small, but telling relics of the early inhabitants of the country, the fossils of pre- historic animals have been unearthed from end to end of the land, and in districts, too, long pronounced by geologists of some repute to be without even a vestige of vertebrate fossils. Among the collected souvenirs of an age about which so very little is known, are twenty-five vertebræ averaging thirteen inches in diameter, . and three vertebra ossified together measure nine cubical feet; a thigh-bone five feet long by twenty-eight, by twelve inches in diameter, and the shaft fourteen by eight inches thick, the entire lot weighing 600 lbs. These fossils are presumed to belong to the cretaceous period, when the Dinosaur roamed over the country from East to West, desolating the villages of the people. This animal is said to have been sixty feet long, and when feeding in cypress and palm forests, to extend himself eighty-five feet, so that he may
20
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
devour the budding tops of those great trees. Other efforts in this direction may lead to great results, and culminate probably in the discovery of a tablet engraven by some learned Mound Builder, describing in the ancient hieroglyphics of China all these men and beasts whose history excites so much speculation. The identity of the Mound Builders with the Mongolians might lead us to hope for such a consummation; nor is it beyond the range of probability, particularly in this practical age, to find the future labors of some industrious antiquarian requited by the upheaval of a tablet, written in the Tartar characters of 1700 years ago, bearing on a subject which can now be treated only on a purely circumstantial basis.
THE SECOND IMMIGRATION
may have begun a few centuries prior to the Christian era, and unlike the former expedition or expeditions, to have traversed north- eastern Asia to its Arctic confines, and then east to the narrow channel now known as Behring's Straits, which they crossed, and sailing up the 'unchanging Yukon, settled under the shadow of Mount St. Elias for many years, and pushing South commingled with their countrymen, soon acquiring the characteristics of the descendants of the first colonists. Chinese chronicles tell of such a people, who went North and were never heard of more. Circum- stances conspire to render that particular colony the carriers of a new religious faith and of an alphabetic system of a representative character to the old colonists, and they, doubtless, exercised a most beneficial influence. in other respects ; because the influx of immi- grants of such culture as were the Chinese, even of that remote period, must necessarily bear very favorable results, not only in bringing in reports of their travels, but also accounts from the fatherland bearing on the latest events.
With the idea of a second and important exodus there are many theorists united, one of whom says: "It is now the generally received opinion that the first inhabitants of America passed over from Asia through these straits. The number of small islands lying between both continents renders this opinion still more probable; and it is yet further confirmed by some remarkable traces of similarity in the physical conformation of the northern natives of both continents. The Esquimaux of North America, the Samoieds of Asia, and the Laplanders of Europe, are supposed to be of the same family; and this supposition is strengthened by the affinity which exists in their languages. The researches of Hum-
-
21
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
boldt have traced the Mexicans to the vicinity of Behring's Straits; whence it is conjectured that they, as well as the Peruvians and other tribes, came originally from Asia, and were the Hiongnoos, who are, in the Chinese annals, said to have emigrated under Puno, and to have been lost in the North of Siberia."
Since this theory is accepted by most antiquaries, there is every reason to believe that from the discovery of what may be called an overland route to what was then considered an eastern extension of that country which is now known as the " Celestial Empire," many caravans of emigrants passed to their new homes in the land of illimitable possibilities until the way became a well-marked trail over which the Asiatic might travel forward, and having once entered the Elysian fields never entertained an idea of returning. Thus from generation to generation the tide of immigration poured in until the slopes of the Pacific and the banks of the great inland rivers became hives of busy industry. Magnificent cities and monuments were raised at the bidding of the tribal leaders and populous settlements centered with happy villages sprung np everywhere in manifestation of the power and wealth and knowl- edge of the people. The colonizing Caucasian of the historic period walked over this great country on the very ruins of a civil- ization which a thousand years before eclipsed all that of which he could boast. He walked through the wilderness of the West over buried treasures hidden under the accumulated growth of nature, nor rested until he saw, with great surprise, the remains of ancient pyramids and temples and cities, larger and evidently more beauti- ful than areicat Egypt could bring forth after its long years of uninterrupted history. The pyramids resemble those of Egypt in exterior form, and in some instances are of larger dimensions. The pyramid of Cholula is square, having each side of its base 1,335 feet in length, and its height about 172 feet. Another pyramid, situated in the north of Vera Cruz, is formed of large blocks of highly-polished porphyry, and bears upon its front hiero- glyphic inscriptions and curious sculpture. Each side of its square base is 82 feet in length, and a flight of 57 steps conducts to its summit, which is 65 feet in height. The ruins of Palenque are said to extend 20 miles along the ridge of a mountain, and the remains of an Aztec city, near the banks of the river Gila, are spread over more than a square league. Their literature consisted of hieroglyphics; but their arithmetical knowledge did not extend farther than their calculations by the aid of grains of corn. Yet,
22
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
notwithstanding all their varied accomplishments, and they were evidently many, their notions of religious duty led to a most demo- niac zeal at once barbarously savage and ferociously cruel. Each visiting, god instead of bringing new life to the people, brought death to thousands; and their grotesque idols, exposed to drown the senses of the beholders in fear, wrought wretchedness rather than spiritual happiness, until, as some learned and humane Monte- zumian said, the people never approached these idols without fear, and this fear was the great animating principle, the great religions motive power which sustained the terrible religion. Their altars were sprinkled with blood drawn from their own bodies in large quantities, and on them thousands of human victims were sacri- ficed in honor of the demons whom they worshiped. The head and heart of every captive taken in war were offered up as a bloody sacrifice to the god of battles, while the victorious legions feasted on the remaining portions of the dead bodies. It has been ascer- tained that during the ceremonies attendant on the consecration of two of their temples, the number of prisoners offered up in sacri- fice was 12,210; while their own legions contributed voluntary victims to the terrible belief in large numbers. Nor did this horrible custom cease immediately after 1521, when Cortez entered the imperial city of the Montezumas; for, on being driven from it, all his troops who fell into the hands of the native soldiers were subjected to the most terrible and proionged suffering that could be experienced in this world, and when about to yield up that spirit which is indestructible, were offered in sacrifice, their hearts and heads consecrated, and the victors allowed to feast on the yet warm flesh.
A reference is made here to the period when the Montezumas ruled over Mexico, simply to gain a better idea of the hideous idolatry which took the place of the old Boodhism of the Mound Builders, and doubtless helped in a great measure to give victory to the new comers, even as the tenets of Mahometanism urged the ignorant followers of the prophet to the conquest of great nations. It was not the faith of the people who built the mounds and the pyramids and the temples, and who, 200 years before the Christian era, built the great wall of jealous China. No: rather was it that terrible faith born of the Tartar victory, which carried the great defenses of China at the point of the javelin and hatchet, who afterward marched to the very walls of Rome, under Alaric, and
23
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
spread over the islands of Polynesia to the Pacific slopes of South America.
THE TARTARS
came there, and, like the pure Mongols of Mexico and the Missis- sippi valley, rose to a state of civilization bordering on that attained by them. Here for centuries the sons of the fierce Tartar race con- tinued to dwell in comparative peace until the all-ruling ambition of empire took in the whole country from the Pacific to the Atlan- tic, and peopled the vast territory watered by the Amazon with a race that was destined to conquer all the peoples of the Orient, and only to fall before the march of the arch-civilizing Caucasian. In course of time those fierce Tartars pushed their settlements northward, and ultimately entered the territories of the Mound Builders, putting to death all who fell within their reach, and causing the survivors of the death-dealing invasion to seek a refuge from the hordes of this semi-barbarous people in the wilds and fast- nesses of the North and Northwest. The beautiful country of the Mound Builders was now in the hands of savage invaders, the quiet, industrious people who raised the tem ples and pyramids were gone; and the wealth of intelligence and industry, accumulating for ages, passed into the possession of a rapacious horde, who could admire it only so far as it offered objects for plunder. Even in this the invaders were satisfied, and then having arrived at the height of their ambition, rested on their swords and entered upon the luxury and ease in the enjoyment of which they were found when the van- guard of European civilization appeared upon the scene. Mean- time the southern countries which those adventurers abandoned after having completed their conquests in the North, were soon peopled by hundreds of people, always moving from island to island and ultimately halting amid the ruins of villages deserted by those who, as legends tell, had passed eastward but never returned: and it would scarcely be a matter for surprise if those emigrants were found to be the progenitors of that race found by the Spaniards in 1532, and identical with the Araucanians, Cuenches and Huil- tiches of to-day.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.