USA > Indiana > Wayne County > History of Wayne County, Indiana, from its first settlement to the present time : with numerous biographical and family sketches > Part 1
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39
1800
1
HISTORY
OF
WAYNE COUNTY,
INDIANA,
147
FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME;
WITH NUMEROUS
BIOGRAPHICAL AND FAMILY SKETCHES.
BY ANDREW W. YOUNG,
AUTHOR OF "SCIENCE OF GOVERNMENT," "AMERICAN STATESMAN," "NATIONAL ECONOMY," ETC.
EMBELLISHED WITH UPWARDS OF FIFTY PORTRAITS OF CITIZENS,
AND VIEWS OF BUILDINGS.
CINCINNATI: ROBERT CLARKE & CO., PRINT. 1872.
INTRODUCTION.
MORE than two years ago, I engaged to revise the manu- script of a history of Wayne county for publication. After several months' labor had been bestowed on the revision, the proprietor concluded to relinquish the enterprise. At the solicitation of a number of honorable gentlemen, who were desirous that a history of the county should be writ- ten, and who expressed the belief that this desire was gen- eral, I consented to undertake the publication on my own responsibility.
But of the material in my hands, little related to any part of the county beyond the limits of Wayne township. Be- lieving that nothing short of a regular and well-arranged his- tory of every township would meet the general expectation, it was deemed necessary to alter the plan of the work, and to commence anew the collection of material. For this pur- pose, every township was visited in person, in order to avail myself of the most reliable sources of information. But in this work a serious difficulty was soon met. The statements of different persons were widely at variance. The con- fident assertions of some were contradicted by others; and important events were left in uncertainty. Hence it became necessary to visit many persons in different, and often distant parts of the township, to determine doubtful points.
Nor was a single journey to every township sufficient. With a view to the nearest approach to accuracy, the county was traversed a number of times. And to remove all
iv
INTRODUCTION.
remaining doubts, these numerous visits to the townships were supplemented by a large amount of correspondence with their most reliable citizens. Yet, necessarily depending upon hundreds of fallible memories, it would be no marvel if some inaccuracies were discovered. In several instances informants have corrected their own statements made with great assurance. Hence, it need not be thought strange if some of the best authenticated facts shall be disputed. On this subject, I only add, that if, with all the pains taken to insure a correct history, the object has not been attained, it may confidently be pronounced unattainable. Every reason- able effort has been made to carry out the original purpose of producing a history that should " fulfill the public expecta- tion, and reflect credit upon the county."
The foregoing observations will account, in great part, for the unexpected delay in the issue of the work. For this de- lay, the public will find ample satisfaction in the extra matter which it contains. By an economical use of space, and the addition of about sixty extra pages, subscribers will receive twenty per cent. more matter than was promised. A history of the county might have been issued earlier; but I could not conscientiously offer the public a work that was not satisfac- tory to myself, and presumed its patrons would rather be served a few months later with a good book, than earlier with an indifferent one.
In another particular they will be more than satisfied. Although no definite number of embellishments was prom- ised, the highest expectations have been far exceeded. Instead of twenty, the number which, it was hoped, might be obtained, the patrons of the work are presented with fifty portraits of present and former citizens of this county. Of these, ten were engraved on steel, and forty are lithographs, of which four represent the worthy wives of pioneers; two of whom-one in her 84th year, the other nearly her equal in
.
V
INTRODUCTION.
years-are yet living. These portraits, with the views of several buildings, have cost upwards of twenty-five hundred dollars.
That the work will escape a rigid criticism, is hardly to be expected. Matter which some may appreciate, others will consider of minor importance. Some will read with little interest the adventures and experience of the early settlers, with which they are already familiar. They should bear in mind, that portions of the work are written not so much for the present generation, as for the generations which are to follow. Many remember with what eagerness they listened to the tales of pioneer life from the lips of their ancestors. Before the present generation shall have passed away, not an individual will remain to relate the experiences of the first settlers, which have so deeply interested us. This interest will not abate with the lapse of time. The written narrative of incidents of " life in the woods," will be no less acceptable to those who come after us, than was the oral relation to ourselves.
Hence, to commemorate the events and occurrences of the past-to transmit to our descendants a faithful history of our own time-is a duty. Many to whom such a history shall be transmitted, will estimate its value at many times its original price. Without it, little will be known of early times, ex- cept what shall have come down to them by tradition, always imperfect and unreliable.
Pioneer history, however, constitutes but the smaller por- tion of the work. The reader will find a great variety of other matter, civil, ecclesiastical, educational, commercial, agricultural, statistical, and biographical, which will render it convenient and useful as a book of reference, now and here- after. And the consideration should not be overlooked, that works of this kind will prove a source of valuable informa- tion to future historians.
vi
INTRODUCTION.
Some of the events recorded may be considered unim- portant. As isolated facts, they may possess no great im- portance. A man's character is formed, in great part, by a combination of traits scarcely noticeable separate and alone. So the aggregate of many minor incidents constitutes a ma- terial part of the most valuable histories. Yet nothing has been admitted in this work, that was not designed to con- tribute to its interest or value.
A general desire was early manifested by present settlers, to see the names of themselves or their ancestors associated with the history of the county. To gratify this desire-both natural and proper-the names of a large portion of the early and present settlers in every township have been given; and others would have been added to the number, if the necessary facts had been more easily accessible. The omission is not justly attributable to a discriminating partiality.
The attention of the reader is invited to the plan and arrangement of the work. Matter of general interest and application, embracing the early history of the state and of the county, has been first introduced, and is carefully ar- ranged under appropriate heads or titles. This greatly facil- itates the finding of historical facts. The general history of the county is followed by a particular history of each of the several townships in alphabetical order. The sketch of each township embraces the names of early and present farmers, mechanics, business and professional men; notices of its mills, manufactures, schools, and religious societies. This will aid in the search for matter relating to any of the town- ships.
Biographical and genealogical sketches form a distinguish- ing feature of the work, and are annexed to the history of each township. Probably no part of the work will be more frequently referred to. Aware of the various estimates of
.
vii
INTRODUCTION.
human character, it was deemed prudent to avoid all eulogy of the living. I have not ventured beyond a simple state- ment of the more noticeable incidents and events of the life of any living subject. It should be here observed, that sketches of persons are not in all cases inserted in the his- tories of the townships in which they now reside; several will be found in the histories of townships in which they passed an earlier and perhaps a more eventful period of their lives. To aid the reader in finding any sketch, an index of the names of persons thus noticed-about two hundred in num- ber-is inserted at the end of the work, with references to the pages on which they are to be found.
To my numerous friends who have given me assurances of their interest in this history, I tender my grateful acknowl- edgments. All who have been applied to for information have cheerfully rendered the desired service. Those who have been chiefly consulted in the several townships, are the following : Abington-James Endsley, Joshua Dye, Nicholas Smith, George H. Smith, Andrew Hunt. Boston-Wm. Bulla, Joseph M. Bulla, Dennis Druley, - Davenport, John J. Conley, Jacob Rinehart, James P. Burgess. Center- Oliver T. Jones, David Commons, Lewis Jones, Joseph C. Ratliff, Jacob B. Julian, Joseph Holman. Clay-Daniel and John Bradbury, Nathan and Wm. C. Bond, Jonathan Bald- win, Wm. H. Bunnell, Lorenzo D. Personett, Thomas M. Kerr. Dalton-Charles Burroughs, Joseph Davis, John Davis, John Aaron Locke. Franklin-Wm. Addleman, Ed- ward Fisher, James White, Hosea C. Tillson. From a series of published letters of Mr. Tillson, on the early settlement of the Whitewater country, kindly loaned to me, several- interesting reminiscences of pioneer life have been appro- priated. Green-Joseph and Allen Lewis, Charles B. Ballin- ger, Jesse Cates, Ezekiel Johnson; also, John Green, of
viii
INTRODUCTION.
Wayne, and Samuel K. Boyd, of Centerville, both early set- tlers of Green. Harrison-Isaac N. Beard; also, S. K. Boyd and A. M. Bradbury, early, though not present residents of the township. Jackson-Benj. Conklin, Gen. S. Meredith, Sam- uel Morris, Dr. Samuel S. Boyd, Jacob Custer, Axum S. Elliott, Jacob Vore, Nathan S. Hawkins, Dr. Lemuel R. Johnson, David N. Berg, John I. Underwood, Henry H. Bruce. Jefferson-Nehemiah Cheeseman, Wm. C. Bowen, Wm. Stonebraker, David Bowman, Samuel Eiler, Andress S. Wiggins, Isaac A. Pierce. New Garden-William and Hiram Hough, George Shugart, Luke Thomas, Harvey Davis, Dr. Timothy W. Taylor. Perry-John Osborn, John M. Will- iams, Thomas Marshall, Henry Hollingsworth, Ira H. Hutch- ins. Washington-Othniel Beeson, Charles H. Moore, Charles N. McGrew, James Callaway, Dr. Joel Pennington, John Zell, Isaac Doddridge. Wayne-Hugh Moffitt, Nathan Haw- kins, Jeremiah Cox, Enoch Railsback, Benj. Hill, Daniel P. Wiggins, Achilles Williams, Jeremiah Hadley, Cornelius Ratliff, Miles J. Shinn, Lewis Burk, James M. Starr. Im- portant matter, also, has been obtained from the Memoir of Judge Hoover, Dr. Plummer's Historical Sketch, and the manuscripts of J. M. Wasson, before referred to as the orig- inator of the history. Special acknowledgments are also due to Mr. John C. Macpherson for his valued contribution of the "War History," which will stand as an enduring tribute to the patriotism of the citizens of Wayne county. The editors of the newspapers of Richmond are also entitled to a grateful recognition for ready and frequent access to the files of their journals.
Lastly, I congratulate myself on the termination of my arduous and protracted labors. Of the difficulties and per- plexities which have attended them, no one else can form even an approximate estimate. More "midnight oil" was probably never consumed on any publication within a
.
ix
INTRODUCTION.
similar period. If those for whom the labor has been per- formed shall be satisfied, my highest object shall have been attained.
RICHMOND, January, 1872.
A. W. Y.
NOTE.
A few errors, not discovered in season to admit of correc- tion where they occur, are duly corrected on page 454.
CONTENTS.
PRELIMINARY HISTORY.
Discovery and settlement of America, 17. Indian border warfare, 18. Western lands ceded to the general government; North-western Territory formed, 19. Gen. St. Clair appointed governor; his acts, 20. Treaties of peace with the Indians; acquisition of territory ; Wayne appointed governor, 21, 22. Division of the North-western Territory; Gen. Harrison appointed governor, and negotiates treaties; slavery in the territory, 23, 24. Division of Louisiana; first general assembly, 24, 25. Division of Indiana; its government, admission as a state, and its boundaries, 25, 26.
SETTLEMENT OF WAYNE COUNTY.
Territory of the county, 26. Rue and Holman settlement; the Hoover and Richmond settlements, 28, 29. Increase of immigration, 29-32. Log cabins, description of, and their furniture, 35, 36.
EARLY LABORS, CONDITION, AND CUSTOMS OF THE SETTLERS.
Manner of clearing land, 37-9. Fare of the early settlers; difficulty of getting bread; corn graters, 39-42. Various kinds of bread, and other food, 42, 43. Injury to corn fields, 44. Native pastures; wood ranges; hog and deer hunting, 44-6. Wild animals; wolf trapping and wolf bounties; sheep-killing dogs; porcupines, 46-9. Early cooking, 49, 50. Early tillage; the pioneer plow and harrow ; seed- ing, harvesting, threshing, and cleaning wheat, 51-3. Corn harvest- ing and corn huskings, 54, 55. Household manufactures; flax culture; manufacture of linen cloth, 55, 56. Manufactures of wool ; itinerant spinsters, 56, 57. Family dyeing and tailoring, 58. Early tanning and shoe making; anecdotes of ministers wearing boots, 59, 60. Sugar, its manufacture and price, 61, 62. Early stores, and prices of goods and produce, 62-4. Reflections on pioneer life; Mrs. Julian's letter, 66, 67. Education: early school-houses and schools, 68-70. Religious societies and early meeting-houses, 71. Indian troubles ; supposed causes of Indian hostility ; cases of savage atroc- ity ; battle of Tippecanoe, 72-74. Forts and block-houses ; flight of settlers, 75, 76. Treaty of Greenville; imprisonment of Quakers, 76. Condition of settlers after the war, 77. Prices of goods, pro- duce, and labor; old coins, and manner of reckoning, 78. Difficul- ties in paying for lands, 79.
xii
CONTENTS.
CIVIL HISTORY.
Formation and organization of Wayne county; county and township officers; first courts and jurors, 80. County seat; public buildings ; removal of the county seat, and early taxation, 81-3. Acts of county commissioners : organization of townships; regulating innkeepers' charges, 83, 84. Removal of county business to Centerville, 85.
WAYNE COUNTY OFFICIAL REGISTER.
Names and classification of county commissioners; board of justices, 86, 87. List of judges, clerks, sheriffs, auditors, recorders, treasurers, and justices, 87-9.
NEWSPAPERS.
Newspapers at Richmond, 90-2; at Centerville, 92-4; at Cambridge City, 257-9.
ANTISLAVERY HISTORY.
Log convention, and its results, 94-6. Abolition movement : Lundy and Garrison; views of abolitionists; antislavery parties, 96-8. Rich- mond antislavery society, 98-100. Rescue of fugitives, 100-2.
TEMPERANCE HISTORY.
Drinking customs, 103. Temperance associations ; attempts at prohibi- tion, 104-6 .. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
Roads : National road; turnpikes, 107, 108. Canals, 108-10. Railroads, 110, 111.
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES.
First society ; state board of agriculture, 111, 112. Cambridge City dis- trict agricultural society, 112, 113. Wayne county joint stock agricultural association; Richmond horticultural society, 112-14. Richmond industrial association, 410.
OLD SETTLERS' MEETINGS.
Meeting at Centerville in 1869: Speeches of O. P. Morton, Joseph Hol- man, Col. James Blake, John S. Newman, John Peelle, B. C. Hobbs, Col. Enoch Railsback, Jacob B. Julian, Noah W. Miner, 115-122. Exhibition of curiosities, 122, 123.
CRIMINAL TRIALS ..
Trial and execution of Henry Crist and Hampshire Pitt for murder, 123-5. Whipping a legal penalty, 126.
WAR HISTORY.
War begun in South Carolina; public meetings and enlistments, 126-8. Relief of soldiers' families, 128-130. Calls for more troops; extra-
xiii
CONTENTS.
ordinary contributions, 130-3. Morgan invasion, 134. Large money contributions, and raising of more troops, 134-6. Last contribution; end of the war; assassination of President Lincoln, 136, 137.
POPULATION AND TAXES.
Population of the several townships and towns; property and taxes, 138, 139.
POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS.
Lists of all post-offices and postmasters in the county, 140-3.
TOWNSHIP HISTORIES.
ABINGTON.
Formation and early settlement of the township, 144-6; mills, ma- chinery, and merchants, 147; mechanics, 148, 450; physicians, 450. Religious societies; laying out of the town, 148. Biographical and genealogieal sketches, 148-150.
BOSTON.
Formation of the township, and early settlement, 151-5. Physicians, merchants, justices, 155. Mills and machinery, 155, 156. Religious societies; laying out of the town; F. and A. M., and I. O. O. F. lodges, 156-8. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 158-160.
CENTER.
Formation and area of the township, and its early settlers, 161-5. Mills and machinery, blacksmiths, and tannery, 165, 166. Town of Cen- terville laid out, 166. Innkeepers, mechanics, merchants, physicians, and lawyers, 167-9. First national bank; machine shop and saw- mill; engine house and town hall, 169. Newspapers, 169, 170. Pub lie school-house, 170. Religious societies, 170-3. Lodges, 173. Biographical and genealogieal sketches, 173-194.
CLAY.
Formation of the township, and early settlement, 195-9. Mills and ma- chinery, blacksmiths, merchants, physicians, justices, 199, 200. Religious societies, 200, 201. Town of Washington laid out; block- houses, 201. Lodges, 201, 202. Biographieal and genealogical sketches, 202-4.
DALTON.
Township formed, and its settlement, 204-7. Tannery, mills, 207. Mer- chants and physicians, 207, 208. Woolen mills; school-house; re- ligious societies, 208, 209. Towns of Dalton and Franklin ; justices, 209. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 210-12.
xiv
CONTENTS.
FRANKLIN.
Township formed; its settlement, 211-14. Mills, merchants, physicians, 215, 216. Religious societies, academy, 216, 217. Towns of Hills- borough and Bethel, 217. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 217-221.
GREEN.
Formation and settlement of the township, 221-4. Mechanics, mills, merchants, physicians, justices, members of legislature, 224, 225. Religious societies, 225-7; lodges, 226-7. Town of Williamsburg, 227. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 227-231.
HARRISON.
Township formed, and its settlement, 231-5. Early schools, mechanics, mills, 234, 235. Town of Jacksonburg; its mechanics, physicians, merchants, tanners, 235, 236. Religious societies, 236, 237. Bio- graphical and genealogical sketches, 237-242.
JACKSON.
Formation and description of the township; settlement of the east part, 243, 244. Town of East Germantown; its physicians, inns, mer- chants, blacksmiths, plow manufactory, 244-6. Religious societies, 246, 247. Settlement about Cambridge; mills and machinery, 247, 248. Vandalia and East Cambridge, 248. Cambridge City; its set- tlement and growth, 248, 249; its merchants, mechanics, physicians, lawyers, bank, public hall, 249-251. Manufactures: car manufac- turing company, Cambridge City manufacturing company, flax-mill, marble works, 251, 252. Flower and plant nursery, 253. Schools and religious societies, 253-5. Lodges, 255-7. Newspapers, 257-9, Settlement of the west and north parts of the township; school, and religious societies, 261, 262. Town of Dublin; its merchants, physicians, tavern, schools, mechanics, 262, 263. Mills and ma- chincry; Wayne Agricultural Works, 264. Justices; temperance; religious societies, 265, 266. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 266-272.
JEFFERSON.
Formation and settlement, 273-8. Mills, mechanics, physicians, mer- chants, lawyers, justices, representatives, 278-280. Hagerstown laid out, 280. Religious societies, academy, first temperance society and Sabbath school, 280-4. Biographical and gencalogical sketches, 284-9.
NEW GARDEN.
Township formed, and its settlement, 289-293. Mills and machinery ; mechanics, merchants, physicians, 293-5. Schools; religious socie- ties, temperance and abolition, 295-7. Shooting of an Indian; Shu- gart and Harris, and the Indian alarms, 298. Town of Newport laid out; lodges, 298. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 299-304.
XV
CONTENTS.
PERRY.
Formation and settlement of township, 304-8. Mills and machinery, 308. Merchants, tanners, physicians, blacksmiths, 309. Religious societies, schools, 309-12. Economy laid out; justices, 312. Bio- graphical and genealogical sketches, 312, 313.
WASHINGTON.
Formation and settlement, 314-320. Grist-mills, saw-mills, 320, 321. Carding and fulling mills, Milton Woolen Mills, Hoosier Drill Man- ufactory, merchants, physicians, mechanics, 322, 323. Religious societies, 323, 324. Town of Milton, 325. Biographical and genealog- ical sketches, 325-331.
WAYNE.
Formation of the township, 321. Names and residences of settlers, 332-6. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 337-358.
RICHMOND.
Early history of the town; borough and city governments, 359, 360. Charles W. Starr's purchase; naming of the town, 361. Early mer- chants, innkeepers, 362-8. Mechanics: blacksmiths, carpenters, cabinet-makers, 368-370; tailors, silversmiths, chair-makers, 370-2; hatters, saddlers and harness-makers, tanners, shoemakers, 372-4; wagon-makers, potters, 374, 375. Miscellaneous, 375, 376. Phy- sicians, lawyers, 377, 378. Manufactures and trade of Richmond : Gaar machine works; Robinson machine works, 379, 380. Quaker City works, Union machine works, Richmond mill works, 380-2. Stove foundry ; Richmond school furniture works ; sash, door, blind, and school furniture works; burial case manufactory, 382-4. Em- pire steel plow factory; Richmond plow works, 384, 385. Carriage and carriage wheel manufactories; malleable iron works; cutlery manufactory, 385, 386. Woolen manufacture : Richmond woolen mills, Mt. Vernon woolen mill, Fleecy Dale woolen factory, 387, 388. Rich- mond knitting factory ; cotton factory; Richmond loom works and school furniture, 388, 389. Paper mills; linseed oil mill; flouring mills, 389, 390. Wholesale trade: Groceries, dry goods, 390; drugs and medicines, queensware, iron stores, woolen machinery, 391. Banks, 392-7. Schools, 397-9. Religious societies, 399-408. Benev- olent societies, 408. Building associations, 409. Richmond Indus- trial association, 410. Lodges, 441. Odd Fellows' hall, 444. Public halls, 370, 445. Lyceum hall, 445.
SUPPLEMENT.
Retail merchants, 446, 447. Charter Oak pork house, 447. Gas works, 448. Planing mill, steam bakery, 448. Hotels, 419. Cascade garden and nursery ; Sylvan Heights; Medical and Surgical Sanitarium, 449.
OMISSIONS IN TOWNSHIP HISTORIES SUPPLIED, AND CORRECTIONS, 450-2
EMBELLISHMENTS.
PORTRAITS.
1. John Barnes,
2. Isaac N. Beard, 238
3. John Beard. 232
4. John Beard, . 325
5. Mary Beard, 237
6. Dorcas Beeson, 327
7. Othniel Beeson, 328
8. Thomas W. Bennett, 411
9. Jesse Bond,
10. William Bulla,
11. Lewis Burk,
12. Elijah Coffin, .
13. David Commons, 176
14. Daniel B. Crawford, 416
15. John Finley, 417
16. Valentine Foland, 203
17. Abraham Gaar, . 160
18. Jonas Gaar, 418
19. John Green, 228
20. Samuel Hannah, . 178
21. Nathan Hawkins, 342
22. David P. Holloway, 421
23. Joseph Holman, 95
24. David Hoover, frontispiece. 49. Henry Study, 231
25. Henry Hoover, 348 |
337 | 26. Jonathan Hough, 299
27. Mary Hunt, 149
28. George W. Julian, . 185
29. Rebecca Julian, 66
30. John Kepler, 241
31. John King, 187
32. Joseph Lewis, 229
33. Jeremy Mansur, 188
34. Benjamin L. Martin, 351
35. John Mason, 286
36. Solomon Meredith, 270
37. Hugh Moffitt, . 31
38. Robert Morrisson, 32
39. Oliver P. Morton, 189
40. John S. Newman, . 190
41. William Parry, . 353
42. Oran Perry, 427
43. James M. Poe, . 430
44. Enoch Railsback, . 120
45. Cornelius Ratliff, 355
46. Daniel Reid, . 433
47. John Sailor, 360
48. John Stigleman, 193
50. Francis Thomas,
303
51. Daniel P. Wiggins, 438
VIEWS OF BUILDINGS.
Milton Public School-house, . 324 | Morrisson Library,
.
424
Odd Fellows' Hall, .
. 444
196
339 413
394
HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.
PRELIMINARY HISTORY.
AMERICA Was discovered by Columbus in 1492. Efforts were early made by Spain, France, and England to establish colonies in North America. More, however, than a century elapsed before many permanent settlements were made. In 1568, the Spaniards established a small colony in Florida. The French, in 1605, planted a small colony in Nova Scotia, and in 1608. founded the city of Quebec. In 1607, the English made a settlement at JJamestown in Virginia. New York was settled by the Dutch in 1614. In 1620, the " Pil- grim Fathers " landed on Plymouth Rock, and commenced the settlement of New England.
The tract of country called New England, granted in 1620 by James I., king of England. to the Plymouth Company, extended from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. This grant was substantially confirmed by William and Mary, in 1691, by a second charter specifying the territory granted as lying between 42 deg. 5 min. and 44 deg. 15 min. north latitude. Previously, however, to the latter grant, Charles I. [1663] granted to the duke of York and Albany the province of New York extending to the Canada line; its extent west- ward was not definitely stated. Under these conflicting grants, disputes arose between some of the states as to the extent of their respective territorial rights and jurisdiction. This controversy was not settled until several years after the Revolution.
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