A portrait and biographical record of Boone, Clinton and Hendricks Counties, Ind. : containing biographical sketches of many prominent and representative citizens, together with biographies and portraits of all of the presidents of the United States, and biographies of the governors of Indiana, Part 2

Author:
Publication date: 1895
Publisher: Chicago, Ill. : A.W. Bowen & Co.
Number of Pages: 1080


USA > Indiana > Boone County > A portrait and biographical record of Boone, Clinton and Hendricks Counties, Ind. : containing biographical sketches of many prominent and representative citizens, together with biographies and portraits of all of the presidents of the United States, and biographies of the governors of Indiana > Part 2
USA > Indiana > Clinton County > A portrait and biographical record of Boone, Clinton and Hendricks Counties, Ind. : containing biographical sketches of many prominent and representative citizens, together with biographies and portraits of all of the presidents of the United States, and biographies of the governors of Indiana > Part 2
USA > Indiana > Hendricks County > A portrait and biographical record of Boone, Clinton and Hendricks Counties, Ind. : containing biographical sketches of many prominent and representative citizens, together with biographies and portraits of all of the presidents of the United States, and biographies of the governors of Indiana > Part 2


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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Kreys, G. 1029


Kurtz, H. F 925


Carter, A. W 1023


Fleece, C 959


Hill, S.


952


Carter, J. 1024


Carter, J. D 1082


Foster, J. 977


Hoak, A


1052


Carter, S. 1082


Foster, J. H. 1015


Hoak, C.


1052


Cassity, L .. 934


Catterson, J 1055


Catterson, J. P.


1055


Fowler, S.


976


Hodges, D. L. 992


Hodges, W. 992


Hodson, E. W. 985


Hodson, J. B. 983


Hoffman, D. 962


Hogate, C. F. 1047


Hogate, J. D. 1047


Holcombe, J. W. 932


Christie, T.


.1029


Goodrich, E 995


Goodrich, I. 995


Hornaday, I. .1034


McClain, G. B. 1072


Clay, J. H. 1044


Goodrich, J. 995


Hornaday, S .. 1051


McClain, G. D. .1099


Clay, L. B. 1044


Gorsell, J. 1065


Hostetter, D .. 1045


McClain, M. S. .1035


Clay, S .. 1044


Gossett, B. 1077


Hostetter, J. D ... .. 1045


McCloud, W. H. H .. 1019


Cline, I. C. .1076


Graham, T. F. 1066


Hostetter, S. 1045


Hufford, G. .1074


Adams, J. 972


Cline, W. C .. .1076


Hadley, D. 920


Hill, D. F


952


Kurtz, J. 925


Lakin, W. N. 1079


Lamb, A. 964


Lamb, J. 964


Lambert, J. 1060


Leak, G. W., Jr 981


Leak, T. J. 981


Champion, J. M. .1001


1001


Gambold, J. C. 996


Christie, Family ..


. 1027


Christie, J ...


.1028


Christie, J. P


.1030


Gibbs, H. H. 1036


Christie, L


.1030


Glover, A. R. 1090


Hornaday, E. C .1051


McClain, B. S 1035


Christie, W 1028


Foster, R. J. 977


Hoak, J. 1052


Hoak, M. 1052


Catterson, R .. 1055


Gambold, E. A. 996


Leathers, J. M. .1062


Leathers, L. M ... .1062


Garrison, J. B. .1092


Lindley, A 913


Little, A. 1021


Little, S 1021


McCormick, J. K ... 925


Husey, J. 984


Barlow, J. M. 1033


Davis, J. 946


Davis, R. F. 969


Day, E. 975


Day, T


975


Beason, W .. 1092


Dillon, M. 1052


Bedford, T. L. 952 --


Johnson, W. K.


.1068


Jordon, G. W. .1070


Jordon, J. A. 1070


Bone, G. M. 954


Dooley, T. S. 943


Duncan, G. H. 957


Bowen, N. E., Mrs .. 937


Duncan, H 958


Boyd, O. P. 1017


Dyer, C .. 1010


Hedge, D. 970


Hedge, G. W 970


Hedge, W 970


Hedges, A 1078


Henderson, W 992


Kennedy, J ... 1059, 1060


Brown, S .. 999


Brumfield, W. E ... 1050


Emmons, J. M. 947


Bryant, R. B. 1095


Burgess, T. 914


Etchyson, P. 999


Euliss, M. A.


1099


Byrum, J. 997


Davis, C. W. 969


Hadley, S., Sr 917


Hunter, C. 941


Barber, J. W 960


Huron, B. A. 1085


Barber, T .. 960


Barlow, H. R. 1033


Davis, E. 960


Hylton, W. 1067


Jessee, S 967


Beadle, S. 1091


Johnson, E. 1020


Beadle, W. R. .1090


Johnson, J 1020


Johnson, L. 1020


Keeny, G. 955


Keeny. J. F. 1062


Keeny, J. H. 1062


Keeny, J. I. 955


Keeny, M. 955


Kelso, G. 994


Kelso, W. 994


Brown, N 999


Emmons, J. 947


Kersey, J 983


Kilgore, W 973


King, E. D. 935


King, W. A 935


Bourne, J. N. .1078


Dyer, D. F 1077


Dyer, W. F


1010


Hunt, C. Z. 942


Alexander, H ... .. 1011


Cosner, M. 1015


Hunt, D. 940


Alexander, T. B ... 1012


Cosner, W 1001


Alexander, W .... .1011


Couch, J. . 939


Anderson, T. T .. .. 1082


Couch, J. E. 939


Hunt, Ira 984


Crews, W 1000


Hunt, H 1076


Hunt, I. 1031


Huron, F. H 1085


Bartholomew, E. . 991


Dillon, W. 1064


Fleece, J. H. 958


Hill, W 1041


Fowler, A. 976


Champion, T ...


Gibbs, G. 1036


Hufford, J. A ....... 1069


12


INDEX.


HENDRICKS COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES.


McCullum, J. 988


McFall, J. 940


Pattison, G. T .. .1086


Sellers, J. B. 932


Mabe, J. M .... 1094, 990


. Pennington, H. 967


Sellers, J. C .. 933


Mabe, S. 990


Pennington, P 967


Sharp, J .. 945


Marshall, A .. 935


Marshall, J. S 935


Martin, J. R. 1070


Martin, J. S. 942


Martin, P. B. 942


Mason, J.


986


Pierson, D. A. 1078


Shultz, T. 971


Mason, M 986


Pike, W. 1100


Smith, A. F. 1083


Smith, D. 1083


Masten, M. 1042


Plummer, T 1059


Smith, E. J. 1095


Smith, J ... 1066


Mattern, J. 1048


Pratt, J. D. 1093


Smith, S. H., Mrs. . 1008 Smith, W. B. 1009


Mattern, J. Q.". 1047


Maxwell, A. 1087


Ragan, A. 921


Smith, W. J. .1066


Maxwell, H 1087


Rains, H. .1022


Spicklemire, A 947


Merritt, G. S. 1058


Rains, J 1022


Stanley, C. S. 999


Merritt, G. W 1058


Randall, T. 945


Starbuck, S. 1087


Stiles, J. 1007


Miles, J. G .1079


Reagan, J .. .1083


Miller, D. M.


961


Reagan, J. M. 1059


Taylor, J. A. 1050


Taylor, J. T. .1050


Taut, W .. 1063


Templin, J. W. 1053


Templin, S. .. 1053


Thomas, B. F. 1093


Thomas, D. F. 931


Thomas, E. D. 930


Thomas, M. 930


Thompson, T 1088


Wills, G. W .. 1058


Wilson, W .. 922


Wilson, W. B. 922


Winnings, J .. 1099


Oliver, J 997


Oliver, S. 997


Oliver, S., Sr. 998


Osborne, J. A .1096


Pace, W


1002


Sandusky, J. .1055


Underwood, H. H .. 955


Young, M. 974


HENDRICKS COUNTY PORTRAITS.


Hadley, Jehu ...... 1004


Hadley, Job ........ 912


Nichols, T.


928


Wilson, W. B.


.....


923


Hadley, Jehu, Mrs .. 1005


Halfaker, J. H ..... 979


Sandusky, T. J .. .. 1055


Underwood, J .. 1030, 956 Underwood, N ... .. 1031


Vandever, J .. 509


Van Nice, L. L. 926


Vaughn, J. L. 1014


Vaughn, T.


1014


Vestal, B.


.1025


Vestal, J. 1025


Walker, J. 1089


Wallace, L .. 1018


Wallace, W. D. 1018


Walton, J. S. 1080


Warren, Z .. .1080


Watson, T. J. .1065


Watts, G .. .1061


Watts, L. S. 1061


Weavel, S ... 1016


Weaver, A. C. 1056


Weaver, T. J. .1056


West, A 989


Miller, H. 1068


Miller, R. H. 1067


Miller, W. 961


Millman, J. 995


Mills. J ..


1049


Mitchell, W. C. 1091


Newlin, J .1084


Ritter, J. 1035


Robbins, B. 963


Robbins, M. D. L .. 963


Tinder, E 948


Tinder, J. 948


Tinder, J. W. 948


Rosborough, J 932


Trotter, J. M .. 1071


Ross, A. J 968


Trotter, J. W 1071


Woodard, J. H .. .1009


Woodard, P. C .. .1008


Woody, J. 918


Rudd, A 938


Tulley, W. F. 1027


Wynn, J. W. 1081


Underwood Family.1031


Williamson, C. 993


Newman, C. 984


Nichols, A. J. 1079


Nichols, E. D. .1086


Nichols, J.


1020, 929


Nichols, T


929


Reitzel, A. R. 987


Reitzel, D .. 987


Whicker, F 989


Whicker, J .. 989


Williams, J. 1000


Williams, W. W. 1000


Williamson, A 993


Rodgers, A. 962


Rodgers, J. 962


Ross, J. H 969


Tulley, P. R .. 1027


Rudd, J. 939


Sharp, M., Mrs. 944


Peugh, N. .1028


Phillips, E. 991


Shirley, F. M. 1067


Shirley, J. A. 982


Shirley, W. T 982


Phillips, S .. 991


Phillips, W. 991


Shultz, S. T. 971


Masten, J. 1042


Plummer, J. 1059


Masten, N. 1043


Prather, F. B 1077


Meyers, G. 1002


Randall, W 945


Reagan, J. S. 1059


Reese, J. S. .1019


Rhoades, J. L 1089


Richardson, J. 1018


Richardson, W 988


West, C. 1074


West, I. 1032


Whicker, A 989


Phillips, J. W .1089


Patrick, N. N .. .1088


.


1


7


PRESIDENTS


OF THE


UNITED STATES.


GEORGE WASHINGTON.


PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.


EORGE WASHINGTON was born in Westmoreland county, Va., Febru- ary 22, 1732. His parents were Augustine and Mary (Ball) Washing- ton. His great-grandfather, John Washing- ton, came from England to Virginia about 1657, and became a prosperous planter. He had two sons, Lawrence and John. The former married Mildred Warner and had three children, John, Augustine and Mildred: Augustine, the father of George, first married Jane Butler, who bore him four children, two of whom, Lawrence and Augustine, reached maturity. Of six children by his second marriage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Sam- uel, John Augustine, Charles and Mildred.


Augustine Washington, the father of George, died in 1743, leaving a large landed property. To his eldest son, Lawrence, he bequeathed an estate on the Potomac, afterward known as Mount Vernon, and to George he left the parental residence. George received only such education as the neighborhood schools afforded, save for a short time after he left school, when he received private instructions in mathematics.


He was an acknowledged leader among his companions, and was early noted for that nobleness of character, fairness and veracity which characterized his whole life.


When George was fourteen years old he had


a desire to go to sea, and a midshipman's warrant was secured for him, but through the opposi- tion of his mother the idea was abandoned. Two years later he was appointed surveyor to the estate of Lord Fairfax. In this business he spent three years. In 1751, though only nineteen years of age, he was appointed ad- jutant with the rank of major in the Virginia militia, then being trained for active service against the French and Indians. Soon after this he sailed to the West Indies with his brother Lawrence, who went there to restore his health. They soon returned, and in the summer of 1752 Lawrence died, leaving a large fortune to an infant daughter, who did not long survive him. On her demise the estate of Mount Vernon was given to George.


Upon the arrival of Robert Dinwiddie, as lieutenant-governor of Virginia, in 1752, the militia was reorganized, and the province divided into four military districts, of which the northern was assigned to Washington as adjutant-general. Shortly after this a very perilous mission was assigned him. This was to proceed to the French post near Lake Erie in northwestern Pennsylvania. The distance to be traversed was between 500 and 600 miles. Winter was at hand, and the journey was to be made without military escort, through a territory occupied by Indians. The trip was a perilous one, and several times he came near


GEORGE WASHINGTON.


PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.


EORGE WASHINGTON was born in Westmoreland county, Va., Febru- ary 22, 1732. His parents were Augustine and Mary (Ball) Washing- ton. His great-grandfather, John Washing- ton, came from England to Virginia about 1657, and became a prosperous planter. He had two sons, Lawrence and John. The former married Mildred Warner and had three children, John, Augustine and Mildred: Augustine, the father of George, first married Jane Butler, who bore him four children, two of whom, Lawrence and Augustine, reached maturity. Of six children by his second marriage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Sam- uel, John Augustine, Charles and Mildred.


Augustine Washington, the father of George, died in 1743, leaving a large landed property. To his eldest son, Lawrence, he bequeathed an estate on the Potomac, afterward known as Mount Vernon, and to George he left the parental residence. George received only such education as the neighborhood schools afforded, save for a short time after he left school, when he received private instructions in mathematics.


He was an acknowledged leader among his companions, and was early noted for that nobleness of character, fairness and veracity which characterized his whole life.


When George was fourteen years old he had


a desire to go to sea, and a midshipman's warrant was secured for him, but through the opposi- tion of his mother the idea was abandoned. Two years later he was appointed surveyor to the estate of Lord Fairfax. In this business he spent three years. In 1751, though only nineteen years of age, he was appointed ad- jutant with the rank of major in the Virginia militia, then being trained for active service against the French and Indians. Soon after this he sailed to the West Indies with his brother Lawrence, who went there to restore his health. They soon returned, and in the summer of 1752 Lawrence died, leaving a large fortune to an infant daughter, who did not long survive him. On her demise the estate of Mount Vernon was given to George.


Upon the arrival of Robert Dinwiddie, as lieutenant-governor of Virginia, in 1752, the militia was reorganized, and the province divided into four military districts, of which the northern was assigned to Washington as adjutant-general. Shortly after this a very perilous mission was assigned him. This was to proceed to the French post near Lake Erie in northwestern Pennsylvania. The distance to be traversed was between 500 and 600 miles. Winter was at hand, and the journey was to be made without military escort, through a territory occupied by Indians. The trip was a perilous one, and several times he came near


26


PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.


losing his life, yet he returned in safety and- furnished a full and useful report of his expe- dition. A regiment of 300 men was raised in Virginia and put in command of Col. Joshua Fry, and Major Washington was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. Active war was then begun against the French and Indians, in which Washington took a most important part. In the memorable event of July 9, 1755. known as Braddock's defeat, Washington was almost the only officer of distinction who escaped from the calamities of the day with life and honor. The other aids of Braddock were dis- abled early in the action, and Washington alone was left in that capacity on the field. In a letter to his brother he says: "I had four bullets through my coat, and two horses shot under me, yet I escaped unhurt, though death was leveling my companions on every side." An Indian sharpshooter said he was not born to be killed by a bullet, for he had taken direct aim at him several times, and failed to hit him. After having been five years in the military service, he took advantage of the fall of Fort Duquesne and the expulsion of the French from the valley of the Ohio, to resign his commission. Soon after he entered the legislature, where, although not a leader, he took an active and important part. January 17, 1759, he married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, the wealthy widow of John Parke Custis.


When the British parliament had closed the port of Boston, the cry went up through- out the provinces that "The cause of Boston is the cause of us all." It was then, at the suggestion of Virginia, that a congress of all the colonies was called to meet at Philadel- phia, September 5, 1774, to secure their com- mon liberties, peaceably if possible. To this congress Col. Washington was sent as a dele- gate. On May 10, 1775, the congress re- assembled, when the hostile intentions of Eng-


land were plainly apparent. The battles of Concord and Lexington had been fought. Among the first acts of this congress was the election of a commander-in-chief of the colo- nial forces. This high and responsible office was conferred upon Washington, who was still a member of the congress. He accepted it on June 19, but upon the express condition that he receive no salary. He would keep an exact account of expenses and expect congress to pay them and nothing more. The war was conducted by him under every possible disad- vantage, and while his forces often met with reverses, yet he overcame every obstacle, and after seven years of heroic devotion and match- less skill, he gained liberty for the greatest nation of earth. On December 23, 1783, Washington resigned his commission as com- mander-in-chief of the army to the continental congress sitting at Annapolis, and retired im- mediately to Mount Vernon.


In February, 1789, Washington was unani- mously elected president. In his presidential career he was subject to the peculiar trials in- cidental to a new government; trials from lack of confidence on the part of other govern- ments; trials for the want of harmony between the different sections of our own country; trials from the impoverished condition of the coun- try, owing to the war and want of credit; trials from the beginnings of party strife.


At the expiration of his first term he was unanimously re-elected. At the end of this term many were anxious that he be re-elected, but he absolutely refused a third nomination. On the fourth of March, 1797, he returned to his home, hoping to pass there his few remain- ing years free from the annoyance of public life. Later in the year, however, his repose seemed likely to be interrupted by war with France. At the prospect of such a war he was again urged to take command of the armies. He chose his subordinate officers and left to


JOHN ADAMS,


29


PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.


them the charge of matters in the field, which he superintended from his home. In accepting the command he made the reservation that he was not to be in the field until it was neces- sary. In the midst of these preparations his life was suddenly cut off. December 12, he took a severe cold from a ride in the rain, which, settling in his throat, produced inflam- mation, and terminated fatally on the night of the 14th. On the 18th his body was borne with military honors to its final resting place, and interred in the family vault at Mount Vernon.


The person of Washington was unusually tall, erect and well proportioned. His features were of a beautiful symmetry. He commanded respect without any appearance of haughtiness, and was ever serious without being dull.


J OHN ADAMS, the second president and the first vice-president of the United States, was born in Braintree, now Quincy, Mass., and about ten miles from Boston, October 19, 1735. His great-grandfather, Henry Adams, emigrated from England about 1640, with a family of eight sons, and settled at Braintree. The parents of John were John and Susannah (Boylston) Adams. His father was a farmer of limited means, to which he added the busi- ness of shoemaking. He gave his eldest son, John, a classical education at Harvard college. John graduated in 1755, and at once took charge of the school in Worcester, Mass. This he found but a "school of affliction," from which he endeavored to gain relief by devot- ing himself, in addition, to the study of law. For this purpose he placed himself under the tuition of the only lawyer in the town. He was well fitted for the legal profession, pos- sessing a clear, sonorous voice, being ready and fluent of speech, and having quick perceptive


powers. In 1764 he married Abigail Smith, a daughter of a minister, and a lady of superior intelligence. Shortly after his marriage (1765) the attempt of parliamentary taxation turned him from law to politics. He took initial steps toward holding a town meeting, and the resolu- tions he offered on the subject became very popular throughout the province, and were adopted word for word by over forty different towns. He moved to Boston in 1768, and became one of the most courageous and prom- inent advocates of the popular cause, and was chosen a member of the general court (the legislature) in 1770.


Mr. Adams was chosen one of the first dele- gates from Massachusetts to the first conti- nental congress, which met in 1774. Here he distinguished himself by his capacity for busi- ness and for debate, and advocated the move- ment for independence against the majority of the members. In May, 1776, he moved and carried a resolution in congress that the colo- nies should assume the duties of self-govern- ment. He was a prominent member of the committee of five appointed June II, to pre- pare a declaration of independence. This article was drawn by Jefferson, but on Adams devolved the task of battling it through con- gress in a three days' debate.


On the day after the Declaration of Inde- pendence was passed, he wrote a letter to his wife which, as we read it now, seems to have been dictated by the spirit of prophecy. "Yesterday," he says, "the greatest question was decided that ever was debated in America; and greater, perhaps, never was or will be decided among men. A resolution was passed without one dissenting colony, 'that these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states.' The 4th of July, 1776, will be a memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe it will be celebrated by succeeding generations,


30


PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.


.


'as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as- the day of deliverance by solemn acts of devotion to Almighty God. It ought to be solemnized with pomp, shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illu- minations from one end of the continent to the other, from this time forward for ever. You will think me transported with enthusiasm, but I am not. I am well aware of the toil, and blood and treasure, that it will cost to main- tain this declaration, and support and defend these states; yet, through all the gloom, I can see the rays of light and glory. I can see that the end is worth more than all the means; and that posterity will triumph, although you and I may rue, which I hope we shall not."


In November, 1777, Mr. Adams was ap- pointed a delegate to France to co-operate with Benjamin Franklin and Arthur Lee, who were then in Paris, in the endeavor to obtain assistance in arms and money from the French government. He left France June 17, 1779. In September of the same year he was again chosen to go to Paris, and there hold himself in readiness to negotiate a treaty of peace and of commerce with Great Britain, as soon as the British cabinet might be found willing to listen to such proposals. He sailed for France in November, from there he went to Holland, where he negotiated important loans and formed important commercial treaties.


Finally a treaty of peace with England was signed January 21, 1783. The re-action from the excitement, toil and anxiety through which Mr. Adams had passed threw him into a fever. After suffering from a continued fever and becoming feeble and emaciated he was advised to go to England to drink- the waters of Bath. While in England, still drooping and desponding, he received dis- patches from his own government urging the necessity of his going to Amsterdam to nego- tiate another loan. It was winter, his health


was delicate, yet he immediately set out, and through storm, on sea, on horseback and foot, he made the trip.


February 24, 1785, congress appointed Mr. Adams envoy to the court of St. James. Here he met face to face the king of England, who had so long regarded him as a traitor. As England did not condescend to appoint a minister to the United States, and as Mr. Adams felt that he was accomplishing but lit- tle, he sought permission to return to his own country, where he arrived in June 1788.


When Washington was first chosen presi- dent, John Adams, rendered illustrious by his signal services at home and abroad, was chosen vice president. Again at the second election of Washington as president, Adams was chosen vice president. In 1796, Wash- ington retired from public life, and Mr Adams was elected president, though not without much opposition. Serving in this office four years, he was succeeded by Mr. Jefferson, his opponent in politics.


While Mr. Adams was vice president the great French revolution shook the continent of Europe, and it was upon this point which he was at issue with the majority of his countrymen led by Mr. Jefferson. Mr. Adams felt no sympathy with the French people in their struggle, for he had no confidence in their power of self-government, and he utterly abhorred the class of atheist philosophers who he claimed caused it. On the other hand Jefferson's sympathies were strongly enlisted in behalf of the French people. Hence origi- nated the alieniation between these distin- guished men, and two powerful parties were thus soon organized, Adams at the head of the one whose sympathies were with England, and Jefferson led the other in sympathy with France. In 1824, his cup of happiness was filled to the brim, by seeing his son elevated to the highest station in the gift of the people.


--


THOMAS JEFFERSON.


33


PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.


·


The 4th of July,, 1826, which completed the half century since the signing of the Dec- laration of Independence, arrived, and there were but three of the signers of that immortal instrument left upon the earth to hail its morning light. And, as it is well known, on that day two of these finished their earthly pilgrimage, a coincidence so remarkable as to seem miraculous. For a few days before Mr. Adams had been rapidly failing, and, on the 4th, he found himself too weak to rise from his bed. On being requested to name a toast for the customary celebration of the day, he ex- claimed "INDEPENDENCE FOREVER." When the day was ushered in, by the ringing of bells and the firing of cannons, he was asked by one of his attendants if he knew what day it was? He replied, "Oh, yes; it is the glorious Fourth of July-God bless it-God bless you all." In the course of the day he said, "It is a great and glorious day." .. The last words he uttered were "Jefferson survives." But he · had, at one o'clock, resigned his spirit into the hands of his God. The personal appearance and manners of Mr. Adams were not particu- larly prepossessing. His face, as his portrait manifests, was intellectual and expressive, but his figure was low and ungraceful, and his manners were frequently abrupt and uncour- teous.


THOMAS JEFFERSON, third presi- dent of the United States, was born April 2, 1743, at Shadwell, Albemarle county, Va. His parents were Peter and Jane (Randolph) Jefferson, the former a native of Wales, and the latter born in Lon- don. To them were born six daughters and two sons, of whom Thomas was the eldest. When fourteen years of age his father died. He received a most liberal education, having been kept diligently at school from the time


he was five years of age. In 1760 he entered William and Mary college. Williamsburg was then the seat of the colonial court, and it was the abode of fashion and splendor. Young Jefferson, who was then seventeen years old. lived somewhat expensively, keeping fine horses, and was much caressed by gay society. yet he was earnestly devoted to his studies, and irreproachable in his morals. In the second year of his college course, moved by some unexplained inward impulse, he discarded his horses, society, and even his favorite violin, to which he had previously given much time. He often devoted fifteen hours a day to hard study, allowing himself for exercise only a run in the evening twilight of a mile out of the city and back again. He thus attained very high intellectual culture, and excellence in philoso- phy and the languages. The most difficult Latin and Greek authors he read with facility.




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