USA > Indiana > An illustrated history of the state of Indiana: being a full and authentic civil and political history of the state from its first exploration down to 1879 > Part 21
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do
152
155
18
.
Persons in prison June 1
907
284
59
..
In collecting the statistical tables for this work, the com- pilers have consulted the census reports of 1850, 1860, and 1870, and also obtained much valuable information from travel through the State. The above table gives the statistics of the population, pauperism and crime in Indiana from 1850 to 1870. In another part of this work a sketch will be found giving the same information covering a period from 1870 to 1875.
In this short chapter mention has been made only of the most distinguished features of the charities of the State. The reader will find special mention of the several benevolent institutions in the histories of the counties according to their location.
CHAPTER XXXV.
WEALTH AND PROGRESS.
TT would be impossible to sum up, in a single chapter, or a single yoluune, all the wealth of Indiana; or to measure the progress of the great industries of the State. By studying the following table, and comparing these statistics with a sim- ilar showing of other States, the reader will be astonished to learn, perhaps for the first time, that Indiana is no longer a third rate State in the American Union; and liad she sufficient territory within her limits, she would not long rank in the class of second rate States. Indeed it is only in point of terri- tory that Indiana can be ranked a second rate State. In regard to population, wealth, progress, enterprise, commerce, manu- factures, agriculture, intelligence, the State of Indiana, in comparison with other States, acre for aere, or square mile for square mile, is, in all senses, a FIRST RATE State. In many things she excells even the leading State of the Union.
POPULATION.
THE compilers of this work having visited all the cities, towns and villages in the State for the purpose of collecting the material for the county histories, were enabled to gather much valuable information concerning the probable number of inhabitants now living within the limits of the State. In 1850, the total population of Indiana was 988,416; in 1860 it Tras 1,350,428; in 1870, it was 1,680,637; and from a careful estimate, by townships, the compilers of this work have arrived at the conclusion that the population of this State, in 1875, will be OVER TWO MILLIONS. The following table, showing the population in 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1875. of all the towns 305
20
306
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
and cities in Indiana, containing over one thousand inhabit- ants, will exhibit the unparalleled growth of the State during the past five years:
POPULATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES AND VILLAGES IN INDIANA IN 1850, 1860, AND 1870, WITH RELIABLE ESTIMATES FOR 1875.
Cities.
1850.
1860.
1870
1875.
Anderson
382
1,169
3,126
3,650
Angola.
226
1,072
1,460
Attica.
1,698
2,273
3,100
Aurora
1,945
2,984
3,304
4,111
Bloomington
1,295
1,038
1,620
Bluffton
477
760
1,131
2,150
Booneville
195
621
1,039
1,722
Bourbon
874
1,503
Brazil
84
2,186
4,200
Brownstown
1,142
1,544
2,162
5,000
Cannelton
2,155
2,481
4,000
Carthage
908
943
1,077
2,500
Charlestown
243
2,204
3,090
Columbus
1,004
1,840
3,359
6,500
Columbia City
885
1,663
2,600
Connersville
1,347
2,070
2,496
4,000
Corydon
429
707
747
1,500
Covington
1,164
1,347
1,888
2,370
Crawfordsville
1,429
1,839
3,701
5,400
Danville
338
883
1,040
1,600
Decatur
231
531
858
1,200
Delphi
1,354
1,395
1,614
2,000
Dublin
658
895
1,076
1,800
Edinburgh
1,097
1,799
2,500
Elkhart
1,804
2,760
3,265
5,000
Evansville
3,156
11,389
21,830
30,000
Franklin City
873
1,710
2,707
3,500
Frankfort
572
764
1,300
2,500
Fort Wayne
4,201
17,718
27,150
Greencastle
1,375
2,092
3,237
4,500
Greenfield
738
1,203
2,300
Greensburgh
769
2,042
3,133
5,000
Gosport
584
860
1,500
Hagerstown
594
638
830
1,500
903
1,600
Cambridge City
481
800
Centreville
3,000
Goshen
307
POPULATION.
Cities.
1856.
1860.
18.0.
18:5.
Hartford
250
S78
1,693
Huntington
529
1,662
2,925
4,200
Indianapolis
7,686
18,113
48,244
106,000
Jamestown
603
1,000
Jeffersonville
2,000
4,009
7,254
10,000
Kendallville
2,164
3,500
Kentland
802
1,500
Knightstown
1,528
2,500
Kokomo
1,038
2,177
5,000
La Fayette
5,997
9,254
13,506
18,000
La Grange
646
1,03S
1,875
La Porte
1,782
4,972
6,581
S,000
Lawrenceburg
2,604
3,159
4,300
Lebanon
780
890
1,572
2,500
Lexington
272
337
440
750
Ligonier
1,514
2,500
Liberty
420
567
700
1,000
Logansport
2,199
2,928
8,950
14,000
Mooresville
550
780
1,229
1,800
Martinsville
334
612
1,131
2,000
Mount Vernon
1,111
1,930
2,880
4,800
Marion
703
1,65S
2,500
Middletown
188
364
711
1,000
Madison
7,714
7,883
10,709
13,000
Michigan City
983
3,304
3,985
5,500
Mitchell
1,410
1,486
2,617
4,000
Milton
755
789
823
1,200
Monticello
SS5
1,663
2,500
Muncie
662
1,766
2,992
5,000
Newburg
525
999
1,464
2,000
Noblesville.
659
1,090
1,435
2,500
New Castle
666
402
1,556
2,000
North Madison
953
919
1,007
1,500
North Manchester
1,500
North Vernon
778
1,758
2,500
New Harmony
812
S36
2,500
New Albany
7,786
12,620
15,395
20,000
Orleans
905
1,500
Patoka
99
409
844
1,500
Princeton
782
1,357
1,847
4,000
Plainfield
250
795
1,050
Plymouth
3,500
Pierceton
293
1,063
1,500
Peru
1,256
2,486
3,617
7,400
Petersburg
386
681
923
1,200
1,0S7
1,500
Mishawakee
308
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
Cities.
1850.
1860.
1870.
1875.
Rising Sun
1,648
1,716
1,760
2,500
Rockville
714
711
1,187
2,000
Ridgeville,
716
1,000
Richmond
1,992
6,399
9,445
15,000
Rushville
734
936
1,696
2,500
Rochester
645
1,528
2,000
Rockport
410
834
1,720
2,500
Seymour
930
2,372
3,000
Shelbyville
OSG
1,9-16
2,231
3,500
Spencer
335
971
1,500
South Bend
1,634
3,785
7,206
12,000
Sullivan
935
1,396
2,000
Salen
1,153
1,298
1,294
2,000
Thorntown
1,005
1,526
2,000
Tell City
1,030
1,660
2,500
Tipton
107
506
892
1,500
Terre Haute
3,824
8,379
16,103
20,000
Union City
1,849
3,763
5,440
8,000
Valparaiso
520
1,690
2,765
3,500
Versailles
412
495
1,000
Vevay
1,195
1,200
1,600
Wabash
964
1,501
2,881
4,000
Warsaw
304
2,206
4,000
Williamsport
279
520
988
1.500
Winamac
200
006
1,500
Winchester
502
1,456
2,500
Westville
206
987
1,200
Washington
2,901
4,000
Waterloo City
343
1,259
2,500
Worthington
1,500
WEALTH, TAXATION, AND PUBLIC INDEBTEDNESS OF INDIANA
FOR 1870.
Assessed valuation of real estate. $ 460,120,974
Assessed valnation of personal estate. 203,334,070
True valuation of real and personal estate. 1,268,180,543
TAXATION.
State
2,943,078
County
4,654,476
Town, city, etc 3,193,577
1,000
West Logan
1,439
2,500
Vincennes.
I
309
WEALTH, TAXATION.
PUBLIC DEBT.
County debt, for which bonds have been issued 620,926
All other . 506,343
Town. city, etc., for which bonds have issued .. 2.342.067
All other 181,867
CROSSCUP & WEST-PHILA
MAJOR ELISHA G. ENGLISH. See page 21.
The total receipts into the State Treasury during the fiscal year 1870, were $3,589,SS9; of which $2,903,579 were from taxes; $360,688 from interest on school and sinking fund;
310
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
$85,900 from liquor licences; $15,626 from college fund; $140,870 from public institutions; $64,667 from militia fund; and $18,549 from other sources. The total disbursements from the State Treasury during the same year, were $3,532,- 537; of which, $36,198 were for the Executive Department; $5,880 were for Legislative expenses; $73,119 for the Judi- ciary; $125,200 for Penitentiary expenses; $62,566 for House of Refuge; $36,055 for Female Prison; $137,155 for Hospital for Insane; $68,042 for Deaf and Dumb Asylum; $35,594 for Soldiers' Home; $1,580,763 for educational purposes and schools; $44,881 for public printing; $1,108,778 for interest and redemption of public debt; $4,42S for military expenses; and $213,344 for repayments, and other purposes.
311
WEALTH, TAXATION AND INDEBTEDNESS OF INDIANA IN 1870 BY COUNTIES.
WEALTH, TAXATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.
VALUATION.
TAXATION NOT NATIONAL.
PUBLIC DEBT.
estate.
and personal
tion of real
Assessed valua-
personal es-
True valuation
All.
State.
County.
etc.
Town, City,
County.
etc.
Town, City,
The State
$663,455,044
$1,268,180,543
$10,791,121
$2,943,078
$4,654,466
$3,193,577
$1,127,269
$2,523,934
Adams.
2,761,720
3,761,720
84,615
13,101
55,234
16,280
Allen
13,063,500
39,193,500
374,851
58.595
132,893
183,363
45,000
510,000
Bartholomew
9,278,195
12.661,600
125,298
41,259
35,586
48,453
27.500
Benton ..
3,278,195
8,000,000
50,232
14,273
20,995
14,964
9,000
Blackford
1,392,535
4,250,000
33,315
6,719
16,932
9,664
25,000
8,000
Boone.
8,311,6:20
18,000,000
92,744
38,065
22.603
32,106
1,327,187
2,000,000
29,470
6,712
15,015
7.743
5,000
Carroll
6,951,905
14,000,000
145,170
74.514
41.732
28,9:24
28,000
Cars
9,659,185
20,000,000
123,584
42,750
42,892
37,942
3,000
€5,000
Clarke
9,660,654
20,000,000
179,695
43,270
45,140
91,285
5,216,579
12,000,000
68,769
21,378
26,082
21,300
6,948,060
15,000,000
138,029
33,925
79,772
24,332
1,641,010
3,000,000
27,212
8,312
16,253
2,647
5,000
5,437,525
10,875,050
70,547
24,844
23,171
22,532
8,812,870
13,219,300
145,468
39,097
64,054
42,317
22,000
105,000
Decatur
6,959,430
11,000,000
117,480
33,925
66,078
17,477
10,001
2,200
Dubois
3,052,190
6,000,000
49,543|
14,260
18,909
16,374
11,285,772
33,857,000
187,756
46,900
66,600
74,256
75,000
37,000
Fayette
7,579,870
12,678,780
80,996
33,197
13,274
34,612
38,609
40,035
Fountain
6,798,5225
10,000,000
14,393
32,637
69,371
42,385
Franklin
8,220,770
20,000,000
141,831
36,957
64,612
40,262
Fulton
3,106,150
4,659,225
65,613
14,956
23,296
27,361
35,115
Gibson
9,333,167
20,000,000
126,114
41,140
51.351
33,623
Grant
5,644,210
13,110,574
120,321
26,571
59,417
34.333
2,000
Greene.
6,137,205
10,000,000
61,073
11,081
20,756
29,236
2,213
Hamilton
7,576,730
18,000,000
146,185
34,534
70,651
41,000
42,000
Harcock
6,111,3701
10,000,0001
71,608|
27,608
20,856|
23,346!
15,150
-
·
·
.
1
.
,
,
1
.
.
.
.
Delaware
8,163,515
15,000,000
208,443
36,873
55,237
116,333
37,000
,
.
Floyd .
9,836,973
14,755,458
122,233
43,374
72.745
. 6,118
-
.
L
-
,
-
De Kalb
3,886,892
11,660,678
83,848
18,731
27,159
37,958
Clay
Clinton
Crawford.
Daviess
Dearborn
Elkhart
36,250
Brown
4
4
COUNTIES.
tate.
of real and
WEALTII, TAXATION AND INDEBTEDNESS OF INDIANA IN 1870, BY COUNTIES-Continued.
VALUATION.
TAXATION NOT NATIONAL.
PUBLIC DEBT.
estate.
and personal
tion of real
Assessed valua-
tate.
personal es-
of real and
True valuation
All.
State.
Connty.
Town, City,
County.
etc.
Town, City,
Harrison
$1,894.250
$9,000,000
$67.979
$23,334
$25.738
$18,907
$33,500
Hendricks
11.499,172
20,000,000
157,547
50,679
52,412
51,456|
38,114
Henry .
10,087,780
20,000,000
196,178
47,473
121.278
27,427
Howard
5,185,975
12,000,000
92,626
21,15€
42,095
26,374
Huntington
4,534,545
10,000,000
98,975
21,761
70.52
6,692
74.873
$10,907
Jackson
8,121,218
20,000,000
104,507
35,508
44,865
24,128
3,000
Jasper.
2,361,449
5,000,000
34.584
11,204
12,331
11,049
2,000
Jay -
3,360,755
8,000,000
67.500
16,096
29,474
Jefferson
8,973,659
13,000,000
131,618
40,2701
60,0031
31,345
42,00
Jennings .
4,211,591
9,000,000
67,513
19,800}
27.569|
20,174
Johnson
9,913,065
15,000,000
183.476
42,601
108,114
32,761
25,000
Knox.
8,049,570
10,500,000
129,461
35,985
55.453
38,033
18,300
37,000
Kosciusko.
7,517,640
15,000,000
119,500
35,000
43,000
41,500
22,218
1,435
Lake ..
2,979,705
8,939,115
45,684
6,311
16,616
02.757
La Porte.
10,251,936
20,000,000
163,197
45,253
78.829
39,115
5,000
Lawrence.
7.825,000
12,000,000
103,4:1
31,700
41,000
27,771
13,000
Madison
8,118,145
16,236,290
98,228
33,281
40,590
24,354
22,501
Marion
41,058,045
75,000,000
699.317
178,374
231,943
296,000
155,000
5,263,010
10,000,000
89,965
26,655
38,230
21,980|
2,217,719
4,470,876
36,8227
10,781
13,392
12,659
9,065
Miami
5,356,555
12,000,000
96,897
25,8322
41,919
26.116
64,000
48,000
6,005,774
6,800,000
102,841
26,550
33,750
42,541
Montgomery.
12,563,680
20,000,000
177,473
55,646
87,518
34,309
Morgan.
8,320,400
12,000,000
128,538
36,366
53,532
38,630
30,000
Newton
4,763,206
7,500,000
114,200
21,200
73,000
20,000
18,000
Noble
5,757,500
17,274,500
79,788
27,203
25,845
26,740
Ohio
1,689,903
2,505,320
34,289
7,839
20,889
5,561
11,110
Orange
4,828, 231
10,000,000
60,737
21,950
20,296
18,491
10,000
Owen
5,4822, 250
8,223,375
76,991
25,143
33,788
18,060
9,912,150
15,746,3001
133,1401
43,8461
42,5631
46,731]
.
1
Parkc.
·
4
1
,
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
4
4
4
.
.
t
1
1
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
312
9
10,906.975
20,000,000
66,140
23,697
20,195
21,930
15,000
La Grange.
Marshall Martin
Monroe
.
·
COUNTIES.
etc.
313
WEALTII. TAXATION AND INDEBTEDNESS OF INDIANA IN 1870, BY COUNTIES - Continued.
VALUATION.
TAXATION NOT NATIONAL.
PUBLIC DEBT.
estate.
and personal
tion of real
Assessed valua-
tatc.
personal
True valuation
All.
State.
County.
etc.
Town, City,
County.
etc.
Town, City,
Perry .....
$2.323.685
$5.000,000
$60.432
$14,725
$20,847
$15.860
$21,838
Pike - -
3,265,210
5.000,000
61,444
16,278
31,413
16.713
8,000
$2,000
Porter
4,942.965
1.1,828,895
101,628|
21.787
38,992
37.849
30,000
Posey ..
8,005,015
9.451.086
89,998
36,064
26,961
26,970
10,000
Pulaski
1,911,215
2,500,000
36,788
9,667
14,986
12.125
4,515
8,600
Pumnamn
12,232.215
16.819,900
153.201
53,958
57,295
41,948
Randolph
8,067.79
13. 146,208
120,903
37.418
30,373
53,112
Rush ..
12.286.780
15,000,000
122.257
52,749
20,790
48,718
6,000
15,700
Ripley
3,874.075
8,000,000
63,836
15,545
46,1691
2,313
9,300
Scott
1.702,850
3.400.000
21,317
7,136
8.6661
8,515
5,000
Shelby
10,773.225
25,709,275
205.278
47,55-1
118,566
9,158
2,380
12,267
Spencer.
5,321,515
12,000,000
97,100
21,400
44,000
28.700
50,000
Starke
913.701
1,200,000
21,150
5,150
11,500
7.500
14,000
Steuben
3.021,816|
9,350,000
60,735
11,636
22.679
23,420
1.500
St. Joseph.
10,496.885
20,000,000
127.016
46,851
38,127
42,029
23,000
75,000
Sullivan
5,875.800
8.000.000
72,816
22.592
25,506
, 19,551
3,683.005
10,919,015
66,761|
17,183
31.332
18,311
10,000
Tippecanoe.
20,857,915
45,000,000
356,901|
91,233
200,003
65,665
Union
4,555.290
10,665,870
61,512
20,189
20,716
20.637
Vanderburg
13,736,100
30,000,000
452,410
61,052
27,880
163.978
65,000
818,169
Vigo.
22.000,000
30,000,000
213.927
71,400
85,600
56,974
16,000
100,000
Vermillion
4,795,000
10,000,000
114,6:21
21,333
79,435
13,853
18,000
Wabash
6,107,575
14,169,092
116.795
38,3422
42,122
36,331
Warren
6,410,435
10,000,000
101.539
26,283
35.252
40,000
6,000
Warrick
5,141,975
8,500,000
142,718
23,920
79,444
39,354
5,000
15,000
Washington
7,213,947
15,000,000
35,000,000
216,847
86,474
149,608
10,765
32,400
240,000
Wells
2.718,920
6,000,000
81,823
13,310
49,392
19,091
50,000
4,000
Whitley
4,110,290
12,000,000
67,720
19,761
25,431
22,528
49,000
White ..
4,251,635|
5,341,545|
74,506
19,211|
33,4061
21,889|
12,093
21.156
1
I
I
I
.
.
.
1
.
I
.
.
.
4
Tipton.
2,905,120
4,000,000
51,538
12,613
27,193
14,732
17,500
.
1
,
.
.
.
.
1
4
0
.
12,401
20,668
4,705
Wayne
20,231,500
es-
of real and
COUNTIES.
WEALTH, TAXATION AND INDEBTEDNESS.
I
9
Switzerland
314
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FROM 1816 TO 1873.
Years.
Population.
Value of Taxa- bles.
Receipts.
Expenditures.
1816
$10,000.00
1817
17,953.15
$21,428.33
1818
17,485.59
20,047.39
1819
12,412.01
11,869.24
1820
147,187
17,000.17
20.036.24
1821
47,516.67
23.866.14
1822
25,174.45
46.395.17
1823
35.643.44
27.044.02
1824
61,705.89
36,852.09
1825
21,544.18
41.170.01
1826
30.867.10
32.063.50
1827
46,515.88
33,208.19
1828
43,321.08
51,126.31
1829
41,023.60
42.247.93
1830
343,031
65,314.48
41,408.23
1831
115,162.04
105.173.90
1832
97,683.34
110,194.53
1833
122.139.38
136,776.97
1834
106,797.08
121,372.23
1835
107,714.63
103.901.46
1836
120,126.83
126,264.14
1837
98,206.97
98,206.97
1838
195,965.54
172.494.01
1839
186,653.01
179,658.25
1840
685,866
1,644,158.13
1,684,936.90
1841
451,637.22
421,874.15
1842
109,173,610
1,748.859.98
1,177,218.73
1843
103,709,853
891.934.17
1,028,592.38
1844
115,590,065
1,132,413.76
831,955.26
1846
122,265,686
874.461.23
1847
191,558,060
794,025.31
1848
128,960.986
1,215,306.36
1.137,398.25
1850
137,443,565
1,432.442.78 981.398.95
1,150,988.66
1852
230,009,189
1.283,064.84
1,061,605.58
1853
266,097,614
1,620,943.74
1.509,305.32
1854
290,418,148
2,094.818.03
1,645,544.95
1855
301,858,474
1,201,683.90
1,200.090.82
1856
306,797,819
1,495,486.99
1.338,976.11
1857
317,932,958
1,774,675.14
1,748,756.69
1858
318,201.964
844.416.81
1,363,728.01
1859
435,367,862
1,288,445.72
1,218,185.64
1S60
455,011,378
1,658,217.88
1,621,107.48
1861
441,562.339
3,672,657.64
3,5-16,224.07
1862
421.406.936
3,486,304.55
2.974,976.46
1863
413.455,036
2,232,899.33
2,503,246.53
1864
516.805,999
2.391,291.15
1,752.529.70
1865
567,381,553
2,742,989.19
3,899,993.02
1866
578,484,109
3,957.035.23
3,663,179.63
1867
577,869,079
4,210.336.44
4,446,691.09
1868
587,970.549
4,279,687.07
3.842,342.52
1869
655,521,479
4,197,489_21
4,473,129.66
1870
1,680,637
662,283,178
3.589,889.40
3,532,369.04
1871
3,605,639.23
2,943,416.90
1872
2,415,269.59
2,686,601_70
1873
133,419.056
872,243.35
1,513,534.04
1851
210.973.643
1,844,240.58
1,472.494.14
1845
118,615.197
1,053,926.53 955,404.78 979,191.48
1849
988,416
1 350,428
$107,037,715 91,756,018 95,518,763
CHAPTER XXXVL.
AGRICULTURE - PIONEER HISTORY.
T THE first object of the pioncer settler of Indiana was to provide the means of subsistence, and for a considerable time all the surplus produce was limited to a few articles, and usually disposed of to other settlers. Every one, as soon as possible, prepared a corn field, a garden, procured a few swine, one or two horses, and a few cows. These made up the capital of the pioneer farmers of Indiana. Many of the citizens of the State who are now rich, can to-day point back to a beginning of this kind, and we doubt not they often do so with pride, as they justly should. They frequently entered on the public lands with even less stock than that above enumerated; they were generally protected in the improvements they made, and after accumulating sufficient means, entered and purchased the lands. Many of the wealthy farmers of to-day in Indiana can look back to the period when they began to erect the little log cabin with only an ax and some provisions- their capital consisting wholly in a persistent energy. They rented land on improvement leases, by which they were to have the use of from ten to twenty acres from seven to ten years, and, in most cases, at the end of that time, they were abundantly able to buy land for themselves.
It was an easy matter in those days to maintain stock. The wild grass, nutritious roots, and several kinds of nuts and acorns, were so abundant that neither horses, cattle, nor hogs required much grain; and often, after a few years residence, the flocks and herds of the settlers were very numerous. This condition of things soon produced a surplus of corn, beef, pork, etc. Low prices created a market, and even before the
315
316
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
farmers were fully aware of it, a profitable commerce was established. Fluctuations soon crept into the market, how- ever, and the farmers became much exercised as to what arti- cles of produce to expend the most labor on. This led to a greater diversity of erops, and as a consequence, a wider range of commerce; and thus, step by step, year by year, the pro- duce market of Indiana has been extended, until to-day it is one of the largest in the Union - certainly the best regulated. Many causes combined to render a great diversity of crops necessary. The soil, though very rich, demands this, as it will not yield a large crop of one kind of produce for many years in succession, frequent changes being required. Hemp has been tried, and although at first unsuccessful, owing to an injudicious management, will eventually result in profit to the producer. Flax, tobacco, fruit of various kinds, and a great variety of seeds from which oil can be manufactured, are now cultivated to a great extent, and many valuable experiments are being made yearly in beet and corn sugar. The cultiva- tion of grapes in many parts of the State, is attended with profitable results.
Corn is the great staple of the State; many farmers have become wealthy in raising it. It is easily cultivated, and almost every farmer has from forty to one hundred and fifty acres. Two persons can prepare the ground, plant and attend to and gather from forty to fifty acres, and the product is gen- erally from thirty to seventy bushels an acre, averaging, per- haps, forty or forty-five. Good land, with the proper prepara- tion and care, will, in a good season, produce from seventy to ninety bushels to the acre. Corn, in former days, say from 1840 to 1850, usually sold at from ten to thirty cents a bushel. Millions and millions of bushels have been used at the former price to fatten hogs in the interior; but in this respect things have undergone a change- a change in favor of the farmer. As we pen these lines, September twenty-fifth, 1874, corn is in good demand in New York city at from 95c. to $1.00, while in the western markets the price is firm at from S5 to 95c., according to quality. This year, however, is not a representa- tive in regard to the price of corn of the last decade. The
317
AGRICULTURE - PIONEER HISTORY.
prices are ranging unusually high, owing to the lightness of the crop, in many parts, and, also, to the great demand exist- ing among pork producers for this cereal.
The cultivation of corn is admirably adapted to the climate and soil of the State, and to the customs of the farmers. The
CROSSCUP &WEST.PHILA.
G. W. ROBBINS, ESQ. See page 21.
soil is very rich, loamy, and with proper cultivation the corn does not often suffer either from cold, rains or drouth.
Following are statistical tables showing the growth of agri- culture in all its branches, from the year 1841 down to the present time:
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF INDIANA FROM 1841 TO 1870.
Productions.
1811.
1850.
1860.
1869.
1820.
Bushels of wheat.
4,049,375
6,214,458
16,848,267
30,600,000
27,190,000
Bushels of Indian corn
28,155,887
52,964,363
71,588,919
73,000,000
79,205,000
Bushels of rye
129,621
78,792
463,495
575,000
437,468
Bushels of oats
5,981,605
5,655,014
5,317,831
12,413,000
11,784,000
Bushels of barley ..
28,015
45,483
382,245
411.000
352,000
Bushels of buckwheat.
49,019
149,740
396,989
303,000
154,000
Bushels of potates.
1,525,794
2,083,337
3,866,647
4,750,000
5,436,000
Pounds of tobacco.
1,820,306
1,044,620
7,993,378
7,000,000
9,316,000
Pounds of butter.
12,881,535
18,306,651
22,506,470
22,915,385
Pounds of cheese.
624,564
605,795
590,213
283,807
Number of horses.
241,036
314,000
520,677
690,340
497,883
Number of asses and mules.
6,599
28,893
35,340
43,259
Number of sheep
675,982
1,122,493
991,175
1,011,120
1,612,680
Number of swine
1,623,608
2,263,776
3,099,110
3,580,120
1,872,230
Number of cattle
619,980
714,666
1,069,384
1,744,850
1,026,184
Value of domestic animals
$22,478,555
$41,855,539
$58,125,360
$83,594,222
Pounds of wool.
1,237,919
2,610,287
2,552,318
2,478,235
5,029,022
Pounds of hops-
38,591
92,796
27,884
16,280
63,884
Pounds of honey and beeswax
30,647
935,329
1,259,014
2,018,047
407,337
Tons of hay.
178,029
403,230
629,426
1,200,000
1,026,009
Pounds of sugar made-
3,727,795
2,921,192
1,541,761
1,049,321
1,332,332
Value of farms and implements
$367,270,072
$102,033,219
$673,049,280
-
.
-
-
-
HISTORY OF INDIANA.
318
319
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS.
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF 1850, 1860 AND 1870 COM- PARED.
1850.
1860.
1870.
Acres of land in farms, improved
5,046,543
8,212,183
10,104,279
Acres of land in farme, woodland.
7,189,334
Acres of land in farms, other unimproved.
7,746,879
8,146,109
82,635
Present cash value of farms ...
$136.355,173
$356,712,175
$634,804.189
Present cash value of farm implements
6,701,444
10,457,897
17,676,591
Total amount of wages paid during the year, in- cluding value of board.
9,675,348
Total value of all farm products.
3:24,910
1,258,942
2,858,086
Produce of market gardens.
72,864
546,153
487,479
Forest products
2,615.6,9
Value of home manufactures
1,631,039
986,393
605,639
Value of animals slaughtered or sold for slaughter
6.567,9351
9.824,904
30.246,962
Value of all live stock.
22,478.555
41,825.539
83,776,782
Number of horses on farms.
314,99
520,677
497,883
Number of horses not on farms
39,425
55,320
Number of mules and asses
6,599
28.893
43,259
Milch cows on farms.
281.5.54
363,533
393.736
Working oxen, number of, on farins
40,221
117,687
14,088
Other cattle, number of, on farms.
389,991
588,144
618,360
Cattle not on farms
79,3-10
156,804
Sheep, number of
1,122,493
991,175
1,612,680
Swine, number of.
2,263,776
3,099,110
1,872,230
Rye, bushels
78.792
463.495
457.468
Indian corn, bushels
52,964.363
71.588,919
51.094,538
Oats, bushels
5,655.014
5,317,831
8,590,409
Barley, bushels
45.483
382,345
356,332
Buckwheat, bushels
149.740
396,989
80,231
Tobacco, pounds
1,044,620
7,993,378
9,325,392
Wool, pounds
2,610,28℃
2,552,318
5,029,023
Wool, average of fleeces, pounds.
257-100
312-100
Peas and beans, bushels.
35.773
79.902
35.526
Potatoes, Irish, bushele
2,083.337
3,866.647
5,399,044
Potatoes, sweet, bushels
201,711
299.516
150.703
Wine, gallons-
14,055
102,895
19,479
Butter, pounds-
12.881,535
18,306,651
22,915,385
Cheese, pounds.
936,903
Milk sold, gallons
283.807
605.795
624.564
Hay, tons.
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