USA > Indiana > Boone County > Boone County, Indiana, farm directory, 1920 > Part 3
USA > Indiana > Boone County > Boone County, Indiana, farm directory, 1920 > Part 3
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
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Knotter Head Troubles
All binders are very similar. They combine the same principles, and al- though the detail of the mechanism arm. Look for such adjustment and may differ somewhat, still for every use same to hold the dog back tighter. . vital part on one make of machine
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, BOONE COUNTY
KNOTTER. BILLS
DISC
.
there can be found on cach other machine a part similar in function, very similar in shape, and often very similar in position. This is particu- larly truc in the knotter head or that portion of the binder head which ties the knot. In discussing these troubles then, let us bear in mind that every make of binder has in some form each part shown in the second illus- tration, and that the functions of these parts are the same though the position and shape may vary slightly.
The disc is that part which holds the end of the twine while the bundle is being formed. The bills, also shown in the illustration, are those parts which tic the knot. It is the function of the needle to bring up the needle end of the band, place it over the . bills and into the disc where the disc · catches. it and securely holds both ends. The bills then revolve, forming a loop about themselves, and after revolving part way they open, seize both ends of the band, as shown in
the illustration, and hold the ends of the band while the stripper arm pulls the loop off the bills-hence the ends of the band are pulled through the loop and the knot is tied. If these operations are kept clearly in mind the operator will find his tying trou- bles greatly simplified.
1
Each operator should be able to tell just where his trouble lies by ex- amining the failing band and noting where it is found.
In the third illustration, Figure 1 found clinging to the bills with the simple knot tied around the bills and the loose end cut square and smooth, indicates that the disc spring is too loose and the twine tension is too tight.
The same band found cast with the bundle instead of clinging to the bills would indicate that the disc is but slightly loose, yet too loose. The band indicating such trouble is shown in Fig 2.
Fig. 3 found clinging to the bills
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1
PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
FOUND WILLS
FOUND WITH BUNDLE'
FOUND 01.1.8
WITH BUVOLE
Fix. 5
Fix. ~
Pig N
Fig. 10
ALGUNO BUNDLE
10 NEED· E
1
but with the free end crushed and ragged indicates that the disc is too tight and that the twine tension is also too tight.
Fig. 4 found cast with the bundle instead of on the bills indicates that the twine tension is perfect but that the disc is slightly too tight.
Fig. 5 found with the cast bundle and with both ends crushed and ragged indicates that the disc is very tight.
Notice the bent crinkled ends in Fig. 6 and that the band is formed with the bundle. The ends have been in the knot but have pulled out. The bills may be too loose or the "hump" on the underside of the upper bill may be worn away sufficiently so that the bills cannot hold the ends of the band securely enough when the loop is pulled off. This probably has caused a loose· knot which pulled out when the bundle spread. If the bills are too loose tighten the bills spring. If the little "hump" is worn away file away a little of the stock behind the hump, using a rat-tail file.
Fig. 8 is the familiar band which seems to be tied perfectly when the bundle is first cast, but when the shocker grasps the bundle the band gives way and appears as shown. If the disc is at the proper tension, then the trouble is probably that the bills do not open wide enough to grasp both ends of the twine in the disc. If the bills cam roller on the back of
the upper bill is worn one-sided, sup- ply new parts. If the whole bills shaft has dropped down due to wear below the bills, pinion gear, place a very thin washer under pinion to bring the bills up against the knotter head frame where they belong. It sometimes happens that a very loose twine tension allows sufficient slack in the twine to arch slightly over the bills instead of being pulled down · tightly over them. The upper bill will then nose in between the bands' ends instead of grasping both of them and a simple slip knot is tied instead of a hard knot.
Fig. 9 indicates a needle trouble. For some reason the needle has not placed the twine in the disc. Most likely the needle has carried up some green stuff of some kind which mo- mentarily clogs the disc. If this band occurs frequently, however, then prob- ably the eye of the needle has be- come so badly worn back, due to too tight a tension, that the needle can not advance far enough to place the twine in the disc. The needle should advance until it just barely touches the stripper or breast plate. If it does not advance that far it is prob- ably slow and the needle pitman should be shortened slightly.
Make all binder head and knotter head adjustments gradually. A quar- ter of a turn of the studs on the disc and knotter bills springs is ample to remedy most troubles in those parts.
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, BOONE COUNTY
The Story of Frank Mann's Wonderful Farm
(Reprinted from Prairie Farmer.)
Systematic Use of Limestone, Phosphate and Clover Have Given Him Steadily Increasing Yields
So many of our readers have asked us for a complete story of Frank Mann's farm that we have asked him to prepare it and are publishing it herewith. The increase in crop yields, following his methods of soil treatment, are shown in the following table:
First Rotation
Second Rotation
Third Rotation 81
Fourth Rotation
Highest Yields
Corn
72
75
85
93
Oats
70
81
93
98
115
Wheat
32
41
51
57
63
1
B OIS D'ARC farm consists of nearly 500 acres adjoining the city of
Gilman, Iroquois county, Ill. The farm lies near the edge of what is called the Iroquois Lake basin, and though in its natural state it was too wet for all the land to be successfully farmed, it was not wet enough to be classed as swamp land. It is essentially the undulating prairie land of the Corn Belt.
Previous to 1878 considerable sur- face drainage was secured by means of open ditches following the natural water courses, and farming had been done on the higher parts of the fields. Considerable tiling was done between 1878 and 1886, when the land was in- cluded in a drainage district, which provided better outlets, with large tile laid in some of the old open ditches.
The farm is divided principally into 80-acre fields, though there are some subdivisions of these, because of the difference in the soil types, and for convenience in operating.
Many Types of Soil.
There are a large number of soil types on this farm, and a soil expert would probably classify them into about 17 different types, though in farming only a few general differences are recognized. In general, the soil is called the brown silt loam of the Early Wisconsin glaciation, and it varies from the light phase to the heavy phase of brown silt. Of the surface soil on the farm there is a light sandy silt, light silt, medium silt, and a heavy phase, approximating black clay loam. There are many variations in the subsoil; sand, several fect in depth; a pervious mixed clay and silt; yellow silty clay; a rather tight or impervi- ous clay, and a dark silty clay.
Tiling was continued for a few years until most of the fields were supplied with lateral strings about four rods apart, and with mains and submains, Most of the farm is of the level or gently undulating land with but a few feet difference in elevation be- tween the higher and lower parts of the fields; and a: a rule, the higher the ground the lighter the soil. On with a capacity to remove standing water within about 24 hours after a heavy rain. Most of the mains and submains are laid with a fall of about one inch per hundred feet, while the laterals h .ve from one to several . the high portions there may be inches fall to the hundred feet. about a foot of dark colored soil,
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PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
while on the low portions there may be two to three feet of dark earth.
About a hundred acres is of a different formation and lies higher than the rest of the land. This higher land is mostly a light sandy loam with a sandy subsoil, and the dark colored surface varies from a little less to a little more than a foot in its natural condition.
The Soil Analysis.
Analysis of various samples show- ed there was limestone in the surface or subsoil in the level and lower portions, in the subsoil of the higher portions, but nonc in the surface; and no limestone in either the surface or
subsoil of the higher land with the sandy subsoil. The phosphorus varicd from 1000 to 1200 pounds per acre in the surface soil of the level and undulating land, and from 800 to 1000 in the higher sandy land. The potas- sium in surface and subsoil is about the average of corn belt soils, and largely in excess of any possible re- quirements.
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In 1866 not a single tree was grow- ing on the whole farm, but in the few years following large plantings were made of young trees of several kinds for nursery purposes; a number of ash, maple, walnut groves were plant-, cd, some of which are still standing.
More or less livestock has been kept on the farm since about 1880. For about 10 years there were from 30 to 40 colts and horses, 100 to 200 hogs, and from 40 to 50 cows-the second herd of pure-bred Holsteins in the state. From 1900 to 1912 from 40 to 50 dairy cows were again maintained, and since that time only about a dozen cows, work horses and a few hogs comprise the livestock. As the fields nearest the barns had the poorest soils, practically no manure was ever hauled to the fields farthest from the barns; and one of these 80-acre fields has never had a load of manure, though it has been cropped every year since 1878 -42 crops in all.
The writer commenced farming. operations in 1878, and by 1879 enough drainage had been provided to permit farming in 80-acre fields without much interference from the open ditches. --
Rotation Started in 1879.
On four 80-acre fields a rotation of
clover, corn, corn, oats was started,and clover was seeded with the oats in 1879. With but two or three breaks, due principally to grasshoppers, this rotation has been maintained ever since. The west 20 acres of two of these 80's included so much of the light sandy type of soil, which would not grow good clover, they were separated from the rest of the half section, and operated in a different method in connection with the rest of the light sandy types.
The fields with the thin sandy type of soil were used for pasture a part of the time. After two or three years of pasturing grain crops were grown for two or three years. After about three years the crops became so small they were again seeded to timothy and clover for pasture. Since 1904-8 these fields have been cropped regu- larly in rotation, because with the use of limestone and phosphate large crops of clover can be grown in rotation.
On the half section, where clover grew in rotation, common red clover was used for a few years, but later some alsike and timothy were included in the seeding. The first crop of clover was cut for hay, and the second crop was plowed under late in the fall, though frequently it was necessary to defer some of the plowing until early spring, and if possible before much growth had been made.
Until mineral treatments were com- menced in 1903 the average yield of hay was from one ton to 11/2 tons per acre, in first crop; and the growth to plow under, consisting of the second growth and residues of first years growth, was about a ton.
With the use of phosphate there came a large increase in the amount of clover grown, and the hay crop was increased from 2 to 212 tons, with . a corresponding increase in the late growth. The mixture used became common 'red, alsike, alfalfa and timothy, as this `gives a larger growth after the hay crop for plow- ing under.
What Is Clover Worth?
-
What is this clover worth when plowed under as suggested? Com- paring yields on land where corn and oats have been grown without clover, 'with yields on similar land where clover has been in rotation for many years, shows that the
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, BOONE COUNTY
clover has been worth 40 bushels of corn and 13 bushels of oats in cach rotation. Corn without clover yield- ed 34 bushels as an average for five years; oats without clover in the rotation, yielded 32 bushels. With clover in rotation, the corn yield was 54 bushels and oats was 47. When corn sold at 50 cents per bushel this gave a value of at least $12 to $13 per ton for the hay plowed under. With corn at a higher price the value of the clover would be correspondingly higher.
*
Trials have been made to scc whether more clover than the second , crop plowed under would give any increased value. In some cases the first crop was clipped and left on the ground for plowing under with the second crop; and in other cases mani- moth clover has been grown and the whole crop plowed under; but the effect of the larger amount of clover has been more or less injurious. It has induced a larger growth of stalks and straw, with shallower root sys- tems and more injury from drouth; later maturity; more smut, mold and scab, and more soft corn. It has caused more excess nitrogen with all of its attending evils.
Soybeans were grown when grass- hoppers destroyed the clover, but it was considered that when soys were allowed to mature, they were worse than a grain crop from a fertility standpoint The weight of the soy nodules was 500 pounds per acre (based on what was taken from a square rod), but in these nodules there remained but about 31/2 pounds of nitrogen; as, in maturing, the soys had so completely withdrawn the valu- able food materials from the roots, they were more exhaustive to the soil than would have been a grain crop. These soys probably took about 80 pounds of nitrogen from the soil and another 80 pounds from the air, but it was nearly all removed in the mature crop.
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Something More Needed. .
For years it was considered. that nothing more need be done than to grow clovers in rotation, but with the 'continued use of clover there was grown large stalks and rank straw, but without any material increase in the quantity of grain produced.
Enough stalks for 150 bushels corn per acre, and straw enough for as large a yield of small grain were fre- quently grown, and with yields ap- proximating 50 bushels. Farming was discouraging, as it seemed as if nothing could be done towards in- creasing actual yields, as about every improved plan had been tried.
About this time the Illinois Experi- ment Station began the systematic study of soils, and it was found that some soils responded to limestone, some to phosphorus, some to nitrogen and some to potash.
Fertility Experiments.
To parts of a field to be in second- year corn were given various applica- tions: 10 tons of Chicago yard manure per acre (manure contains all), dried blood to another part, rock phosphate, limestone and potash to other parts, in a spirit of inquiry to see what the soil wanted.
The manure gave an increase of 10 bushels of corn per acre; bone meal and rock phosphate 17 bushels in- crease; dried blood, limestone and potash had no beneficial effects in the following crop.
As the nitrogen of blood did not seem to be needed, it was assumed that the nitrogen of manure was not needed; as phosphorus in either form gave good returns it was considered that the phosphorus of the manure was the main cause of the increase it gave.
As the one crop removed about as much phosphorus as was applied in the manure; and as most of the phos- phorus of bone meal and rock phos- phate remained in the soil; and as the rock phosphate cost much less, it seemed to be the best remedy for the conditions. Its systematic use was commenced and has been continued ever since without missing a treat- ment in regular order.
In the first rotation on each field there was applied 1,000 pounds of raw phosphate per acre, and by operating the distributor while spreading, heavier applications were made to the higher parts of the fields, and lighter applica- tions to the lower. In this way there seemed to be better values returned from an application than if it had been distributed evenly
Since the first rotation, the regular application has been one ton per acre
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1
1
PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
in each four-year rotation; the appli- cation being made to the clover field before plowing. Intermediate applica- tions have also been made during the rotation on some fields, so that now the tilled fields have from 31/2 to five' tons per acre as the total amount ap- plied.
Yields Go Up.
During the first rotation on the half section where the crops are corn, corn, oats and clover, the average yield of corn was 70 bushels and oats 70 bushels. In the second rotation, with the second applica- tion of phosphate in connection with clover, the corn yield was 74 and the oats 78; in the third rotation, the corn was 81 and the oats 89 bushels; in the fourth rotation, with the fourth application of phosphate the corn yield was 85 and the oats 93 bushels. A few fields severely injured by extraneous causes, such as hail- storms, have not been included.
On the remainder of the farm, the fields contain more or less of the lighter sandy soil, and the rotation has been corn, oats, wheat and clover. As most of this ground has no limestone in either surface or subsoil, or a large humus supply, it was necessary to apply limestone as the first step to
grow clover, and from three to five tons per acre were applied as an ini- tial application.
Most of these fields had been given considerable manure in previous years, though almost none since the rotation was started. There are four fields in this rotation; one of 30 acres, one of 35 acres, one of 40 acres and one of 20 acres. Parts of some of these fields have grown alfalfa for a number of years, though a part of each field has been in the rotation.
Regular applications of phosphate have been made to the clover field before plowing in cach rotation, and extra applications have been made to the oats stubble before plowing for wheat, so that these fields now have had four tons of phosphate per acre, and one field has had five tons.
Some of these fields have been in pasture for several years before the rotation was, started, and manure had been applied. In the first rotation the corn yield was 72 bushels, oats 70, wheat 32; second rotation, corn 75, oats 81, wheat 41; third rotation, corn 81, oats 93, wheat 51; fourth rota- tion, corn 85, oats 98, wheat 57.
In two favorable seasons the corn made 93 bushels, the oats 102 and 115 bushels and the wheat 6212 and 63 bushels.
FRANK I. MANN Prairie Farmer's Soil and Crop Editor
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FARMERS AND BREEDERS, BOONE COUNTY
HOUSE OF MILLIKAN
ESTABLISHED 1838 Boone County's Pioneer Harness Store
Fine Harness and Strap Work Made to Your Order
Repairing and Oiling Neatly and Promptly Done
Complete Line of Fly Nets, Whips, Collars, Wool Blankets, Auto Robes and Shawls
Travelers' Goods Our Specialty
Complete Stock of Auto Accessories, Paints and Varnishes Auburn Tires & Tubes. All Sizes Carried in Stock, Cord or Fabric Expert Vulcanizing :: All Work Guaranteed
VITANOLAS
The Phonograph of Marvelous Tone
Plays .All Records Perfectly ' Every Machine a Work of Art Finished in All Woods
Hear This Most Wonderful of All Talking Machines Our Customers, Our Real Advertisement
Ralph A. Millikan Successor to W. W. MILLIKAN
Thorntown, Ind.
Phone No. 74
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PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
Fr
inne Ummiy State Bank
LEBANON, INDIANA ESTABLISHED 1911
CAPITAL, SURPLUS &
UNDIVIDED PROFITS
$126,000.00
RESOURCES OVER A MILLION
The service this Bank renders you is of the highest and most satisfactory character. No matter what your banking requirements are we can meet them.
OFFICERS
MORRIS RITCHIE President
B. F. HERDRICH Vice President
GEO. E. ADAMS, Cashier
CHARLES M. FORBES JAMES GARDNER
Asst. Cashier Asst. Cashier
DIRECTORS
Morris Ritchie Elbert Perkins J. W. Witt
Pat. Shahan Frank E. Hutchinson' Geo. E. Adams
M. C. Long C. O. Brown · B. F. Herdrich
Bonne County State Bank
The True Test of Our Service Is In Its Use
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mul gonna
FARMERS AND BREEDERS, BOONE COUNTY
Boone County Farmers' Directory
Abbreviations Used in this Directory
a-Acres; Ch-Children; O-Owner; T-Tenant or Renter; R-Rural Route; Scc-Section; Maiden name of wife follows directory name in parentheses (); figures at end of informa- tion-year became resident of county. Name of farm follows names of children in quotation marks. In case of a tenant, the farm owner's name follows the figures giving size of farm.
EXAMPLE
Abston, John C. (Luella M. Shirley) Ch Eleanor E .; "Williams Place" Lebanon R3 Perry Sec34 T33a James W. Abston Whitestown Tel. Whitestown
Means
Abston, John C .- Name.
(Luella (M. Shirley)-Wife's maiden name.
Ch Eleanor E .- Name of child. "Williams Place"-Farm name. Lebanon R3-Post office Lebanon R. F. D. 3. 1
Perry Scc34-Township Perry, Section 34. T33a-Tenant on 33 acres.
James W. Abston-Owner's name. Whitestown Tel. Whitestown-Name of telephone.
A
Abernatey, Bruce (Martha J. Whit- low) Lebanon R11 Center Sec33W T83a Sarah I. Bunis (1911) Hazel- rigg Tel. Hazelrigg
Abbitt, Columbus M. (Anna J. Tweedy) Ch Chester C., Ora E., *Zella E., *Laura F .; Zionsville R30 Union Scc13 O106a (1859) Citizens Tel. Zionsville
Abbitt, James A. (Dickie M. Bell) Ch Raymond B., Cecil C., *Alma A .; Lebanon R5 Union Sec31 T168a John W. Abbitt (1878) Whites- town Tel. Whitestown
Abbitt, Orville D. (Inez M. Conrad) Ch Velva, Veda, Conrad; "Abbitt Farm" Zionsville R30 Union Sec1 T102a IGeorge S. Abbitt (1892) Big Spring Tel. Big Spring
Abston, Albert L. (Margaret John- son) 'Ch James W., Orville, Ruby, Ruth, Bernice, Daphne, *Chester O .; Lebanon R2 Perry Sec34 O138 (1869) Whitestown Tel .: Whitestown
Abston, Chester O. (Agnes E. Fran- cisco) Ch Margaret L .; Lebanon R3 Perry Sec33 T40a Albert Ab- ston (1898) Whitestown Tel. Whitestown
Abston, James W. (Ella V. Smith) Ch Verlin, *John C., *Anna; Leb- anon R3 Perry Sec34 O113a (1865) Whitestown Tel. Whitestown
Abston, John C. (Luella M. Shirley) Ch Eleanor E .; "Williams Place" Lebanon R3 Perry Sec34 T33a James W. Abston Whitestown Tel. Whitestown
Abston, John J. (Zinetta Phillips) Ch Floyd C .; Lebanon R2 Perry Sec11 O60a (1865) Whitestown Tel. Whitestown
Acton, Barton R. (Francis Dicker- son) Lebanon R2 Harrison Sec6 O70a (1856) New Brunswick Tel. New Brunswick
Acton, John T. (Mary A. Swoop) Ch Chester, *Wallace, *Ray; Leb- 'anon R2 Harrison Sec31 O85a Tel. New Brunswick
31
PRAIRIE FARMER'S RELIABLE DIRECTORY
Acton, Ray (Ercie Schenck) Leb- anon R3 Harrison Sec31 'T40a J. T. Acton (1890)
Acton, S. S. (Amanda E. Carter) Ch Verlie, Edith, Bruce, Clayton, *Lcona; "Catalpa Farm" Lebanon R2 Harrison Sec6 O8a (1856) New Brunswick Tel. New Brunswick Acton, Wallace (Ada Ragsdale) Ch Robert Hugh, Delbert Blaine; Leb- anon R2 Harrison Scc31 T80a John T. Acton (1890) New Brunswick Tel. New Brunswick
Adair, Charles B. and Son (Julia B. Naylor) Ch Frank; "Home Lawn Poultry Farm" Lebanon R9 Center Scc24W Ota (1860) Lebanon Tel. Lebanon
Adair, Chester (Flora Copenhaver) Whitestown R1 Eagle Sec32 T80a Jorden Smith (1892) Whitestown Tel. Whitestown
Adair, Daniel W. Ch *Bessic, *James; "The Valley Farm" 'Lebanon R3 Center Sec16W O271a (1905) Leb- anon Tel. Lebanon
Adair, Edward (Bertha Dicket) "Dickett Home Farm" Lebanon R5 Center Scc33E T168a John G. Dick- ct (1878) Lebanon Tel. Lebanon Adair, Jackson (Emma Mahler) Ch Ralph, Nora A., Marietta; Lebanon R4 Center Sec25E T100a Frank Nealis (1889) Whitestown Tel. Whitestown
Adair, James W. (Ethel Bocock) Ch Bernice, Helen, Howard, Lucile, . Mabel, Russell; "The Valley Farm No. 2" Lebanon R3 Center Scc16SE T271a D. W. Adair (1906) Lebanon Tel. Lebanon
Adair, Mary A. Ch *Peter; "Bryan . Homestead" Lebanon R6 Center Sec16NE O40a (1843)
" Adair, Mont M. (Edna M. Christy) "Schenck Farm" Lebanon R3 Perry Sec2 O64a F. A. Hughbanks (1894) Whitestown Tel. Whitestown
Adair, Peter (Eva Bradley) Ch *Audrie M., *Zulu R .; "Woodside Farm" Lebanon R6 Center Sec21NE O70a (1875)
Adair, Thomas (Lillie Bade) /Ch Flossie, *Howard, . * Mabel; "Oak . Lawn Farm" Lebanon R2 Center Sec7 O160a (1906) Lebanon Tel. Lebanon
Adair, William (Consuelo Stookey) Ch Delmas; Lebanon R9 Center Sec25E T238a Elmer Stookey (1897) Lebanon Tel. Lebanon
Adams, John L. (Lillic A. Smith) Lebanon R3 Perry Scc27 T100a Herschel Smith (1920) Whitestown Tel. Whitestown
Adams, Robert E. (Della Sicks) Ch Mary, Gershom, *Beulah, *Pansy; "Shady Grove Farm" Lebanon R12
1 Center Sec18S O691/2a (1861) Ad- vance Tel. Advance
Adkinson, Harley A. (Letha Barnes) Ch Paul L. V., Gladys L .; Sheri- dan R6 Marion Sec35 T4172a Willis Bohannon (1918)
Adncy, Frank B. (Fern Coons) Ch Elizabeth A., Frank B .; Lebanon R7 Center Sec30 T'283a I. S. Adney (1882) Lebanon Tel. Lebanon
Agan, Earl V. (Grace Fletcher) Ch Charles; "Crane Farm" Lebanon R10 Center Sec21W T172a Victor Crane (1898) Hazclrigg Tel. Hazel- rigg
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