USA > Indiana > Decatur County > History of Decatur County's part in the World War, 1914-1918 > Part 6
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The Greensburg company was in command of Charles McKell. The guards were called out to guard the Hamilton field, just north of town, in which the first four aeroplanes that came, landed. They acted as traffic police when the traffic posts were first placed on the public square. They were on the lookout for any pleasure riders on gasolineless Sundays.
Under the command of Capt. McKell the boys were splendidly drilled in military tactics. Their uniforms were brown like the soldiers.
FOURTEEN MINUTE WOMEN
The "Fourteen Minute Women" of Decatur county was an organization of women appointed by the women's department of the County Council of Defense.
Their duty was to present to the people war measures and instructions per- taining to women's war activities.
Chairman
Amount
Greensburg
6,381
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IN THE WORLD WAR
Many addresses were made on the registration of women, Child Welfare, Liberty Loans and other war measures.
The members of the organization were: President, Mrs. Anna C. Goddard; secretary. Mrs. I. Carl Mitchell; Miss Hanna Baker, Miss Ethel Shelhorn, Mrs. Carrie Stewart Newlin, Mrs. Lock Bracken, Miss Emma Donnell, Mrs. Robert Donnell, Springhill; Mrs. Clint Emmert, Clarksburg : Mrs. H. S. McKee, New Point ; Mrs. Edward O'day, R. R. 9, Greensburg; Miss Ida Wilhite, Mrs. Will Porter, Mrs. Charles L. Bray, Miss Freda Levenstein ..
Prepared and submitted by Anna Goddard ( Mrs. J. F.)
WORK OF MISS CARRIE STEWART-HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENT
One of, if not the most efficient assistants in the conservation of food in Decatur county, was Miss Carrie Stewart, domestic science teacher in the Greens- burg high school.
At the close of school in the spring of 1917. Miss Stewart went to Purdue, at her own expense, and took a special course in the cold pack method of canning, and in the drying of fruits and vegetables ; then she spent the entire summer going into the township centers and conducting classes-in this way encouraging the women of the county to do their part in the winning of the war.
And when the use of those dreadful substitutes were forced upon us, Miss Stewart devoted hours of her vacation each day to the making and trying out of combinations that were at least eatable. Then when she had succeeded the women were notified to go to the kitchen at the high school with pencils and paper. The young ladies of Miss Stewart's cooking class demonstrated the con- struction of various articles of food with the substitutes which were passed round for everyone to taste. The recipes were copied in the note books. Many of these recipes appeared in the daily papers for the benefit of those who had not attended the demonstrations. When the order came to the County Council of Defense to appoint such a worker to assist the food administration, Miss Stewart was officially appointed, to continue her work. Before ordering the substitutes the merchants consulted her to know which ones they would need the most of. Some were used more extensively than others.
The women of Decatur county surely found Miss Stewart "an ever present help in time of trouble," and their troubles with the substitutes were something
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DECATUR COUNTY
long to be remembered. The women, and perhaps the men, who had to eat what was prepared, will always oppose war if for no other reason than the dread of the substitutes they were compelled to use in place of flour, lard and sugar.
The wonderful work of Miss Stewart was done as her "bit," which proved to be a very big "bit."
Upon her marriage and moving to Indianapolis, she resigned in the spring of 1918, and the council of defense appointed Miss Ida B. Wilhite, as her successor.
HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENT
The home demonstration agent, Ida B. Wilhite, came to Decatur county May 6, 1918.
The first two days were spent in assisting the Child Welfare Committee, in making records in the weighing and measuring test for children.
The organization of the United States Food clubs had been very thorough, there being thirty-three United States Food clubs in the county, each club being under the direction of its respective township chairman.
How to spare the great amount of wheat needed by our allies was the ques- tion of the hour in food conservation just then. Since we had a great surplus of potatoes logically, the first campaign the home demonstration agent put on was a "Use More Potatoes" drive.
"Be a Potatriot" was the slogan for each demonstration. From one-half to one cup of mashed potatoes was substituted for a part of the flour in all bread, muffin, and dark cake recipes.
A common sorrow draws people closer together and just then there was a common cause for co-operation among housewives, namely, that row of little yellow and brown bags of "substitutes" adorning the pantry shelf, for with every pound of flour an equal amount of substitutes must be purchased. It was not an easy matter to dispense almost entirely with methods of cooking that had become second nature to the housewife. Even though she had become grand past mis- tress of the art of turning out fat juicy pies, snow white feathery rolls, crisp doughnuts, etc., she had now to learn many more new proportions and combina- tions of food materials.
Just how loud and how long to "toot the tute in substitute," she was not sure, but it must be done. Like Banquo's Ghost, the little brown bags would not down, and our foods must be conserved. It was found that by mixing two or more of the substitute flours, much better results were obtained.
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IN THE WORLD WAR
Demonstrations in bread-making with substitute flours were given in twelve different localities of the couny in school buildings, church kitchens, lodge halls, and private homes, reaching four hundred and thirty-nine (439) housekeepers.
The most successful demonstrations were those conducted in Red Cross sewing rooms at all day meetings. Yeast bread was started early in the morning, quick-loaf breads and muffins baked for the noon-day meal of substitute flours, and eaten with other foods when hunger lent zest to the appetite, did more to convince the women that really palatable breads could be made of barley, corn flour, oats, etc., than any other kind of demonstrations.
No demonstration was given in "Breads" at which barley flour was not used. This seemed to give more trouble than all other substitutes combined. Attractively shaped pans were used, fancy glaze for loaf breads, and everything was done to make as favorable impression as possible for the products of the much abused barley flour.
Vegetables, oils and syrups were always used at all bread demonstrations.
When no equipment for making could be taken to the place of meeting, the bread was baked in the morning and served as thin sandwiches; the butter was contributed by some woman in the neighborhood.
Charts showing the proper proportion of all flours to substitute for wheat flour, were distributed at every meeting or placed where all could copy, with numbers of recipes. The women were always asked to give tested recipes or relate a problem encountered in the use of any kind of substitutes. A good collection of recipes was obtained in this way and published from time to time over the signa- tures of the women that had tested the recipes.
Canning Campaign
Preparation for a canning campaign was begun early in the spring. Dealers in hardware ordered labor-saving devices for home canning, as racks, jar lifters, steam cookers, etc. In some of the smaller towns of the county not a rubber could be bought that would stand the test for rubbers used in cold pack canning.
Little wonder that a woman is not enthusiastic over canning corn and peas, if the entire output of a days' hard labor blew up and peppered the cellar walls a
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DECATUR COUNTY
few days later. It is absured to preach, "A can of fruit, and can of vegetables for every day during the winter season," if there is not equipment at hand to do the work. After one or two such failures the worker is tempted to resort to the embalming fluids and powders as salicyclic acid, canning powders, etc., to insure keeping the vegetables.
The dealers are always willing to carry any article that the housewives want, and the housewife wants the best her money will buy.
Records of food preservatives were received from fifty-two housewives. Owing to the epidemic of influenza many of the township leaders could not collect their records.
The records came in from communities in which demonstrations had been held, showing that the women were willing to co-operate when interest was aronsed.
Statistics from Records
Records returned 52
Number quarts of fruits and vegetables canned in fifty-two homes 4,827
Number jars lost 25
Kinds of vegetables lost
Peas, corn and beans
Number quarts dried vegetables 191
Number gallons brined 155
Number dozen eggs preserved 162
Canses of failure due to poor rubbers.
The Liberty War Garden Exhibit, held September 19 to 21, showed the high grade of work done by the women of Decatur county in the canning of fruits and vegetables. This fact is vonched for by Miss Geraldine Hadley of Extension Department of Purdue University, who had the difficult task of selecting the best can each of string beans, peas, corn, carrots, soup mixture, beets, pepper, lima beans, tomatoes, apples and plums from the large number of cans on display.
Miss Hadley, Mrs. Carrie Stewart Newlin, and the home demonstration agent gave talks on the different phases of cold pack canning. During the three days 1,675 people visited the exhibit.
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IN THE WORLD WAR
CLUB WORK FOR GIRLS
Two canning clubs were organized at Burney, Indiana.
The junior girls met once each week in the domestic science kitchen with the home demonstration agent in charge.
The Senior Club of eight girls put on an entertainment that netted $11.00. A part of the money was used to buy coal oil for the canning lessons. The balance on hand was used to defray expenses of the coming season. The senior girls gave an excellent demonstration of cold pack canning of corn and string beans at the Burney Chautauqua.
The "talent" viewed the work of the girls with as keen interest as did the girls later view the magician.
Our aims for the club work were far from realized, but a beginning was made and much more can be accomplished along this line the next season.
Brief Summary of Work
Demonstrations 31
Number reached 945
Talks 20
Number reached
1,008
Number reached
1,675
U. S. Government bulletins distributed through
Garden exhibit 1,160
Bulletins compiled
1
Number letters sent 418
Telephone calls 253
Office calls 109
Articles written 36
Committee meetings, conferences with members of various clubs 24
Prepared and submitted by Miss Ida B. Wilhite.
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DECATUR COUNTY
YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION
When this call came the work was placed in the hands of Miss Mary Rankin, chairman, Miss Cora Self, treasurer. No canvass for funds, but through an- nouncements in the papers and those desiring to help took their contribution to Miss Self, at the Third National Bank.
There were three hundred and thirty-two individuals who contributed, and the following organizations :
Daughters of the American Revolution
$10.00
Greensburg Department Club
10.00
Карра, Карра, Карра 5.00
Daily Bible Class M. E. Church
10.00
Mrs. Bracken's S. S. Class M. E. Church 1.00
Mrs. Diewert's S. S. Class M. E. Church 1.00
Woman's Relief Corps
5.00
Lois Chapter O. E. S. 10.00
Stimson Bible Class Baptist Church
2.00
Woodward S. S. Class Baptist Church
9.25
G. G. G. Sewing Club
2.00
Women's Temperance Union
15.00
Ladies' Aid Society, Forest Hill
5.00
Philo Rebecca Circle
10.00
Total
$540.60
Respectfully submitted,
MISS CORA C. SELF
THE ARMENIAN DRIVES
When the people were asked to help the poor, downtrodden, persecuted Armenians, 'twas thought the response would not be very liberal, but under the direction of C. L. Bray, the offering for 1917 was $1,504.50.
The Armenians were promised their freedom from future persecution from the abominable Turks, and permission to return to their homes and live in peace, if they would not take sides with the allies against the Turkish army. But the Armenians had been massacred every ten years for hundreds of years, because
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IN THE WORLD WAR
they would not renounce Christ, and become Mohammedans. The Armenians knowing that the promises of the Turks were never kept, refused the offer, and 800,000 men and boys fled, and joined the armies of our allies, and hundreds of the women acted as Red Cross nurses in our hospitals.
The debt America owes those brave Armenian men, when they stood as a wall between the Germans and the oil fields which they were so anxious to obtain, can never be estimated.
The second drive for funds for these people was made in 1918, with C. L. Bray county chairman, and Mrs. Dan S. Perry chairman in Greensburg. The subscriptions, which far exceeded the ones of 1917, were placed in the hands of the county chairman, but the total amount was never given and the bank did not receive it, so no report can be made.
Since the close of the war, in two drives which were made, the people of Decatur county have been most liberal in contributing clothing for these people.
The American Red Cross has taken over the Armenian orphanage, in which 100,000 children are being cared for, but there are 100,000 more children unpro- vided for, who are subsisting on grass and roots, with no clothing and shelter. These children have been separated from their parents, and driven hundreds of miles.
May the Christian Nations of the earth exterminate the Turkish Govern- ment very soon, and give the Armenians, the oldest Christian people on the globe, their freedom.
GIRL VOLUNTEERS FOR WAR WORK
On May 16, 1918 at the home of Mrs. J. F. Goddard, a company of "Volun- teer Girls for War Work" was organized.
The object was to give personal and co-ordinated service when called upon by an organization, committee or authorized person to help win the war for Democracy.
The girls responded to calls from the Red Cross, distributed literature for the United War Work campaign, sold flowers from near-by villages for the Red Cross, and responded to all calls for war work.
The uniforms were white, blue hat, blue arm band with a small American flag on the front of the hat.
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DECATUR COUNTY
The company was given military drill each week under the direction of Professor J. W. Ray whose ability as a drill master was attested by the prizes hie had won for superior work.
A number of girls too young to drill with the senior company desired the work, so a junior company was organized under the direction of Miss Phoebe Bentley and Miss Dorothy Siling.
These girls also did splendid work.
The officers and members of the senior Girl Volunteers for War Work were:
Major
Mrs. J. F. Goddard
Captain Mrs. Carrie Stewart Newlin
Adjutant Mrs. Alva Reed
Lieutenants : Mrs. Helen Kennedy Russell, Mrs. Alice Jenkins Reed, Mrs. Gail Boyd Butterfield, Miss Mary Ainsworth, Miss Charlotte Huber, Miss Mable Day, Miss Goldie Howard, Miss Margaret Kessing, Miss Florine Tillson, Miss Rachel Turner, Miss Elizabeth Dashiell.
Right Guide: Mrs. Catherine Sturgis Bruner.
Left Guide : Miss Christena Flint.
Color Sergeant : Miss Nelle Baumgartner.
Drum Sergeant : Miss Mary Helen Stout, Miss Mary Ehrhardt, Miss Marie Sneeden.
Roll-Senior Girl Volunteers for War Work: Dorothy Allen, Mary Ains- worth, Mary Applegate, Gladious Aldrich, Mary L. Bird, Helen Bussell, Gail Boyd Butterfield, Lula Baker, Miriam Buck, Leona Buck, Ruth Burkette, Nelle Baumgartner, Helen Bobrink, Lean Braden, Lida M. Cotten, Carol F. Craig, Mary E. Craig, Florine Craig, Marguerite Craig, Helen C. Clark, Martha Craw- ford, Mareta Douglas, Elizabeth Dashiell, Mildred Davis, Mable Day, Ellen Erd- mann, Mildred Emmert, Mary E. Ehrhardt, Irene Eubank, Louise Ewing, Freda Fuchtman, Reba Ford, Christena Flint, Iva Fisher, Gladys Gookins, Mable Gil- bert, Vida Gaunt, Goldie Howard, Stella Handiges, Madaline Hall, Charlotte Huber, Frances Harrison, Freda Hart, Blanche Huff, Velma Holmes, Rose Idle- wine Overton, Marjorie Jerman, Caral Nelle Jerman, Dorothy N. Jenkins, Louise Jones, Helen Kutz, Dorothy Kroft, Margaret Kessing, Marie Link, Gladys Long, Margaret Link, Erma Lowe, Edna Lowe, Nelle Browning Lathrop, Lucy Long Maudlin, Mary Ruth Laudig, Dorothea Miller, Mary McWilliams, Maud McMil- lian, Honora Roberts McCoy, Mary Louise Marsh, Imogene Marsh, Rose Marlow,
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IN THE WORLD WAR
Amanda Martin, Versie Mobley, Edythe J. Nordmeyer, Thelma Osting, Myrtle Osting, Mildred Robison, Ella B. Ross, Mildred Rybolt, Alice Jenkins Reed, Marie Robbins, Mable Clair Rodgers, Helen Kennedy Russell, Louise Riley, May L. Renegar, Adalaide Robinson, Lela Rimstead. Hettie Rickets, Mable Riley, Marie Stewart, Della Showers, Irene Sparks, Thelma Swift, Carrie Smith, Catherine Sturgis Bruner, Mary Helen Stout, Martha Smith, Cecelia Spitzmesser, Marie Sneeden, Clara Sparks, Ella Sallee, Florine Tilson, Rachel Turner, Helen Thom- son, Hazel Thompson, Nellie VanKirk, Helen Woodfill, Mable Welsh, Victoria Woolverton, Ethel Watson, Katherine Weaver, Gladys Ireland Williams, Rena Wilson, Margaret Wamsley, Vera Sturgis.
Roll Junior Girls Volunteers. Frances Applegate, Opal Allen, Louise Adams, Bernice Brown, Mable Butler, Violet Baldwin, Margaret Ella Dowden, Dorothy Deem, Mary Catherine Emmert, Marjorie Forkner, Rena May Gilchrist, Louise Hill, Eleanor Miller, Norma Martin, Margaret McMunn, May Louise Ross, Cath- erine Stewart, Kathlene Sanders, Irene Sparks, Mary Louise Thomas, Margaret Turner, Elizabeth Woodfill, Margaret Woodfill, Catherine Woodfill, Mable Zet- terberg, Miss Phoeby Bently, Miss Dorothy Siling.
Prepared by Mrs. Anna Goddard (Mrs. J. F.)
WAR CONFERENCE
A great war conference under the direction of the County Council of Defense was held in Greensburg, February 7, 1918. It was thought best to place this conference in the hands of some competent man who would act as chairman with a strong executive committee under him.
Frank L. Donnell was made chairman. Executive committee as follows : Louis Zoller, Harrington Boyd, S. P. Minear, John F. Russell, Charles Zoller, John Huber, Fred L. Thomas, Elmer C. Jerman, Will C. Woodfill, W. W. Bon- ner, George Menzie, Will Pulse, John E. Osborne, Glant C. Welsh, Charles H. Ewing, Sam A. Bonner, George E. Erdmann, Dan S. Perry, Thomas E. David- son, C. P. Miller, J. H. Christian, Sr.
This was one of, if not the biggest, patriotic meetings held in Decatur county during the war. Every man, woman and child in the county was urged to be present and if any stayed at home they were so few they were not missed. The object of the meeting was to arouse the people more thoroughly from their lethargy to a realization of the immensity of the task before the American people.
JOHN E. OSBORN Chairman County Red Cross Membership Committee
REV. WALTER H. REYNOLDS Chairman Civilian Relief
PROF. J. R. CRAWLEY Boys' Working Reserve
J. W. BECK Official Photographer Ap- pointed by President of the State Photographers' As- sociation
FRANK L. DONNELL County Chairman of Many Drives and War Gatherings
MRS. JOHN F. GODDARD Chairman of the 14 Minute Women and Major of the Giri Volunteers for War Work
FRANK M. MONFORT Exterminator of German Propaganda in the Public Library
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IN THE WORLD WAR
PROGRAM 9:15 a. m.
Educational Section K. of P. Theatre
Patriotic music.
Prayer
Rev. C. B. Jones
Address
Prof. F. S. Bogardus
Patriotic Music.
Organization Plans Chairman, Prof. E. C. Jerman
11:00 a. m.
Women's War Work Meeting K. of P. Theatre
Music.
Prayer
Rev. Father Francis
Charles Zoller County Food Administrator
Address
Dr. Lincoln
Address
Mrs. Grace Julian Clark
Mrs. Will Erdmann Chairman
11:00 a. m.
U. S. Boys' Working Reserve Y. M. C. A. Building Music.
Prayer
Rev. F. Z. Burkette
Address Carl G. Fritsche
From the Boys' Standpoint Chauncey Burke
From the Farmers' Standpoint Cort Hunter
Working Plans Prof. J. R. Crawley
Prof. G. M. Wiley
Chairman
12:00 Noon
War Savings Stamp Luncheon Y. M. C. A. Building
Blessing
Rev. Father Francis
Luncheon.
A. B. Wright
State Council of Defense
Chester Jewett
Indianapolis
Dan S. Perry Thrift Stamps for Bankers of County George Erdmann Thrift Stamps for Postmasters of County Prof. F. C. Fields. Thrift Stamps for Teachers of County W. W. Bonner Chairman
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DECATUR COUNTY
1:30 p. m.
Food Production meeting K. of P. Theatre
Music.
Prayer Rev. J. H. Doddridge
Charles Zoller Food Administrator
Dr. Lincoln State Council of Defense
Music.
P. D. Brown County Agricultural Agent
Address G. M. Frier, superintendent, Short Courses Organizations Plans.
Bart Mclaughlin
Chairman
2:00 p. m.
Camp Welfare Meeting Y. M. C. A. Building Prayer Rev. F. W. Hart
Judge Hugh Wickens Presiding
Address A. M. Bruner, Camp Taylor
H. P. Scott
Chairman
4:00 p. m.
Red Cross meeting Y. M. C. A. Building
Music.
Rev. W. H. Reynolds
Prayer
Report of Secretary Local Chapter Miss Kate Emmert
The Decatur County Red Cross John E. Osborne
The Junior Red Cross Will C. Ehrhardt
Vocal Solo Mrs. Alonzo Rader
Address. "The Red Cross' Mr. Harrison, Indianapolis Rollin A. Turner Chairman
7:30 p. m.
Mass Meeting K. of P. Theatre Music.
America
Audience
Conducted by J. L. Turner.
Prayer
Rev. W. H. Reynolds
Dr. Lincoln Jamestown, N. Y.
Will R. Hays Chairman, State Council of Defense Charles H. Ewing Chairman
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IN THE WORLD WAR
7:30 p. m.
Overflow meeting Y. M. C. A. Building
Same speaker as at Opera House.
Will C. Ehrhardt
Chairman
The above program arranged for only one overflow meeting but the court room had to be opened and overflow meetings were held all day.
The speakers were the best to be secured. Hon. Will R. Hays, the principal speaker, was chairman of the State Council of Defense, afterwards he resigned to accept the national chairmanship of the Republican party and Michael E. Foley, who delivered the address at the Red Cross meeting in the court house park, June 17, 1917, was made head of the State Council of Defense.
Dr. Lincoln had just returned from a trip for the Government to learn the needs of our army "over there."
These addresses were above the average and were heard by many hundreds of people. In all, the day was well spent by all who attended this council.
"Keep the Home Fires Burning" was the title of Mrs. Rader's solo and this was the first time the song was sung before a Greensburg audience.
The names of the committee were furnished by Frank L. Donnell, county chairman.
FOURTH OF JULY, 1918
The War Mothers had erected a large Honor Roll Board at the northwest corner of the court house with the names of their boys on it and had planned to dedicate it July 4th.
The County Council of Defense decided to hold a regular Fourth of July celebration in connection with the dedication of the Honor Roll Board and se- lected the following committee to arrange for and have charge of the day.
Chairman, Frank L. Donnell.
Executive committee: Louis Zoller, Harrington Boyd, John F. Russell, John Huber, Will C. Woodfill, George E. Erdmann, Dan S. Perry, Thomas David- son, C. P. Miller, Fred L. Thomas, S. P. Minear, Charles Zoller, John E. Os- borne, Charles H. Ewing, Sam A. Bonner, W. W. Bonner, George Menzie, Will C. Pulse, J. H. Christian, Sr., Hal T. Kitchen.
The day was indeed all that could be asked for for the Fourth of July. It was clear, but hot. We wondered if the lower regions could be more so.
IT
SURGICAL DRESSING WORKERS, JULY 4, 1918
SURGICAL DRESSING WORKERS, JULY 4, 1918
JUNIOR RED CROSS OF ST. MARY'S SCHOOL, JULY 4, 1918
LILLIAN VAN AUSDALL LEADING RED CROSS DIVISION OF PARADE, JULY 4 GIRL VOLUNTEERS, JULY 4, 1918 SHELBYVILLE AND ST. PAUL LIBERTY GUARDS, JULY 4, 1918
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IN THE WORLD WAR
The parade moved at ten o'clock and was in the following order :
Police.
Greensburg Band.
Liberty Guards from Shelbyville and St. Paul in uniforms and arms.
War Mothers, with banners. Each mother wore a white band on her arm on which were blue stars corresponding to the number of boys she had in the service.
Women's Relief Corps, dressed in white and carrying flags headed by their large Service Flag carried by twelve of the ladies who were also War Mothers, escorted by a Civil war soldier, and a soldier and sailor of the World war. Sev- eral dollars were thrown onto the flag.
Girl Volunteers and Junior Girl Volunteers in their white middy suits and blue hats led by their drum corps, and commanded by their drill master, Prof. J. W. Ray.
Red Cross workers in white with white veils, carried red silk parasols and formed a red cross in the white column, commanded by Donald Davidson of West Point.
Y. M. C. A. boys. K. of P. Lodge.
Shriners.
Knights of St. John.
St. Mary's Junior Red Cross Society.
Eagles' Lodge.
High School Drum Corps.
Odd Fellows.
Red Men.
Greensburg Business Men's Association, represented by "Tree on the Tower" float.
Fugit Township Red Cross workers, in a truck.
Clay township float.
Child Welfare work was represented by a float.
Daughters of Rebekah.
Odd Fellows Home Children with a large flag upon which much money was thrown.
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