USA > Indiana > St Joseph County > History of St. Joseph County, Indiana > Part 55
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On the 5th of June it was decided to hold the fair for that year at Mishawaka, and a list of premiums was made out and ordered published.
The fair for the second year of the society was therefore held in Mishawaka, the good citizens of that place paying all the expenses thereof. The annual address was delivered by John B. Niles, of La Porte.
No account of the current receipts and expenditures of the society appears on the records for the years 1852, 1853 and 1854. The secretary was allowed ten dollars for his services for the year
564
HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
1852. The Mishawaka Fair was a very satisfactory exhibition for that day, and the members of the society were well pleased with their efforts.
On the 8th of January, 1853, the annual election of officers of the society was held. John J. Deming was elected President; E. F. Dibble, Secretary; Thomas P. Bulla, Treasurer. Directors: S. C. Sample, Portage; William Miller, German; Reynolds Dunn, Warren; Harmel Reid, Olive; Franklin Pearce, Liberty; J. D. Robertson, Greene; William Robertson, Union; William Clugston, Madison; Evan Chalfant, Clay; Elias Smith, Penn; Alexis Foote, Centre; E. M. Irvin, Harris.
On the 16th of July, the list of preminms for 1853 was adopted, and it was agreed to hold the fair this year at South Bend.
The third annual fair was held at South Bend on the 4th and 5th days of October, 1853. Two acres of land on Washington street, three blocks west of the court-house, were leased and fitted up for that purpose. The same land afterward became the property of the society. The South Bend Forum, published at the time of the fair, had the following comment upon it:
"Those who can remember and compare things, affirm that this exhibition was inferior to that of last year at Mishawaka, in all respects, except the stock and pomological departments."
The amount distributed in premiums at this fair was $198.50.
On the 7th of January the society held its annual meeting for the election of officers. J. D. Robertson was chosen President; E. F. Dibble, Secretary; John T. Lindsey, Treasurer.
Directors-Elmer Rose, Aaron Miller, John Druliner, Samuel Loring, Daniel Green, Christopher Hellinger, Thomas P. Bulla, Elias Smith, Alexis Foote, E. M. Irvin.
Executive Committee-John M. Veasey, Daniel Matthews, John H. Harper.
The society this year paid out in premiums $228.50, awarded at the fair held on the 19th and 20th of October. A vote of thanks was tendered Mr. Dibble for the efficient manner in which he dis- charged the duties of secretary. E. Burke Fisher for a time was secretary pro tem. during this year, and by his suggestion a plan of voluntary donations was adopted of money to the society's treasury, which afforded material aid in time of need, and so its officers were enabled to report a steady annual increase of entries and specimens.
The society met Jan. 5, 1855, and elected the following officers: Elmer Rose, President; William G. George, Secretary (before the year expired Mı. George resigned and R. Burroughs was selected to fill the vacancy; Mr. Burroughs likewise resigning, Dwight Dem- ing was chosen); D. Matthews, Treasurer. Directors -- Minor T. Graham, E. M. Irvin, W. F. Bulla, M. W. Miller, M. Tibbitt, Thomas M. Holloway, Benjamin Rupel, Lot Vail, Stephen Fields, Alexis Foote, Squire Rush, Joel Garst. Executive Committee- . W. G. Whitman, B. F. Price, T. S. Cowles.
565
HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
This year was inaugurated the plan of connecting agricultural books with the premiums and diplomas. The number of articles entered for premiums was largely increased, amounting to 402. The total receipts was also largely increased, amounting to $470.51, including memberships. Of this amount $196.68 was paid ont for premiums. Other expenses this year were in excess of any previous year, the register of orders paid, including premiums, was $580.93, leaving a balance of only $5.43. Elmer Rose was sent as a dele- gate from the society to the meeting of the State Board of Agriculture.
The sixth annual election for officers of the society was held Jan. 5, 1856. The following officers were elected: John H. Harper, President; Dwight Deming, Secretary; Daniel Matthews, Treas. urer. Directors-E. Rose, H. Myers, D. D. Jewell, John H. Kingery, Frank Kinney, T. L. Holloway, Alexis Foote, Thomas R. Tutt, Samuel Witter, M. Hnpp.
Samuel Witter, Thomas L. Holloway, William F. Bulla, under appointment of the society, submitted at this meeting the list of premiums for the year, which were awarded at the close of a very brilliant fair held the 7th, 8th and 9th of October. The pav of officers is recorded this year as follows: E. Rose, delegate to State Board, $25; D. Deming, Secretary, $25; D. Matthews, Treasurer, two years, $30; N. T. Townsend, of the Ohio Agricultural College, Cleveland, for annual address, $15. The amount paid the secretary and treasurer was that fixed for annual compensation. The total receipts this year were $675.62; expenditures, $655.15; leaving a balance in the treasury of $20.53.
On the 6th day of January, the seventh annual election of the officers of the society was held, resulting as follows: Samnel Wit- ter, President; Jonn M. Veasey, Secretsry; Daniel Matthews, Treasurer. Directors -- H. Doolittle, George Milburn, Jacob Snyder, Joseph Miller, Jacob Shimp, T. L. Holloway, Isaiah Rose- berry, Peter Stambangh, John Metzger, Samuel R. Jennings, Powers Greene, W. H. Robertson.
Delegate to the State Board of Agriculture-John H. Robert- son.
The treasurer's report this year gives the total receipts $889.27; expenditures, $654.59; balance in the treasury and subject to draft, $344.68.
THIRD ORGANIZATION.
The society this year was reorganized, and lots number 19, 20, 21, 25 and 26, in the State Bank's first addition to the town of South Bend, were purchased and improved for a third organization under a new constitution, conformably to the amended statute for the encouragement of agriculture, approved Feb. 17, 1852, and the regulations of the State Board of Agriculture.
March 15, 1858, at a special meeting of the society held for that purpose, on motion of Elmer Rose it was resolved unanimously to reorganize the body and to adopt a constitution.
566
HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
Under the new constitution the following were elected officers: John Druliner, President; William F. Bulla, Vice- President; William Miller, Treasurer; Milton W. Stokes, Secretary. Direc- tors -- Elmer Rose, G. C. Merrifield, Jacob Snyder, John Kingery, Jacob Rush, Jeremiah White, John Smith, P. S. Stambangh, E. M. Irvin, Thomas R. Tutt, John F. Ullery and John Moore.
Subsequently, under formal and appropriate legal orders of the society, the old grounds were abandoned and sold, and new grounds purchased as already stated. The new fair grounds embraced seven and one-half acres, all within the corporate limits of South Bend. The whole was enclosed by a tight board fence, seven feet high. In the inclosure, the native trees were all left standing. An office building, 16x20 feet, was erected on the eastern extremity of the grounds; and on either side were gate-ways for the ingress or egress of persons on foot. Near the center of the ground was a building erected for a floral hall, 24x48 feet, enclosed; two large folding doors at each end, and four windows on each side.
The eighth annual exhibition was held in the new grounds Sep- tember 28, 29 and 30, 1858, and was well attended.
The ninth exhibition was held three days of the last week in Sep- tember, 1859. Bad weather interfered with the success, but there was a fine display of articles, and a very large attendance.
The society now seemed to be in a flourishing condition, and for several years it was quite prosperous, but misfortune finally over- ook it, and suspension followed. The last annual fair was held September 16-20, 1872. The next year, in connection with the Northern Indiana Fair, an exhibition was held, since which time it has not had an organized existence.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY FOR 1880.
Wheat.
Corn.
Oats.
Orchards.
Potatoes.
Grass.
ducts.
Olive .
4878
1466
988
276
64
3887
115
Warren
3078
1617
301
238
112
3322
284
German
8409
1910
328
264
46
3008
295
Clay
2926
1509
319
265
126
2296
178
Harris.
2490
1386
361
202
100
3329
163
Penn.
6777
3945
1570
786
254
5028
481
Portage.
1893
1012
296
184
64
2244
216
Centre.
2064
1220
364
230
46
1320
78
Greene.
3406
1904
389
303
35
1807
35
Union
3839
2449
1205
407
183
1779
183
Liberty
4406
2814
1097
444
68
3522
110
Madison
3545
8778
1318
520
168
1546
175
Lincoln.
2327
1205
277
159
80
1948
155
T.of New Carlisle
T. of Mishawaka
3011
315
117
28
7
509
13
T. of Walkerton.
118
66
8
2
36
2
City of So. Bend.
190
45
7
1
89
1
Pro-
567
HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
RATE OF TAXATION AND TAXABLE VALUATION OF REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY FOR 1879 AND 1880.
Township, City or Town.
Tax per Rae o $100 1880.
Real Estate
Personal Property
Taxable Polls.
1879
1880
1879
1880
1879
1880
Olive Township.
1 04
778,630
814,850
249,920
250,320
204
218
Warren
1 05
388,925
448,600
113,445
116,890
146
142
German
1 06
44 2,680
458,465
119,100
158,245
117
128
Clay
95
33 0,155
427,710
76,865
89,680
149
136
Harris
=
83
29 7,480
318,920
80,010
88,440
81
84
Penn
1 00
₦ 19 3,690
1,302,190
265,230
254,950
414
364
Portag
",
86
56 1,560
601,890
92,600
111,630
118
105
Centre
1 00
39 1,390
409,100
111,180
135,340
155
138
Greene
1 07
39 7,570
402,850
158,770
157,080
180
150
Union
=
1 04
46 7,635
555,310
153,565
180,660
358
294
Liberty
1 04
44 5,615
417,835
137,775
159,875
371
379
Madison
=
1 14
41 8,865
452,090
101,015
131,810
285
297
Lincoln
=
. 35
17 5,710
249,940
48,840
55,460
125
117
New Carlisle.
2 02
7 0,235
80,580
50,075
57,900
98
105
Mishawaka.
14 4
64 5,765
525,415
246,735
254,515
374
387
Walkerton.
66
6 9 400
88,000
51,610
59,720
130
131
South Bend*
61
3,15 ,725
3,180,960
,721,554
1,822,700 2077 1944
Total $10,267,030 $10,734,705 $3,777,930 $4,085,215 5382 5119
*Special school levy and taxation for city purposes not included.
·
COUNTY EXPENDITURES FOR THE YEAR ENDING MAY 31, 1880.
Amount paid County Officers except County Superintendent. $5041.82
Grand and Petit Jurors, bailiff's, and all Court allowances.
2584.68
= on account of Coroner's Inquests. .
167.95
1787.25
=
on account of County Superintendents and Institutes.
1292.76
44
on account of prisoners and criminals ..
788.20
=
">
on account of benevolent or reformatory institutions.
986.71
1243.52
240.00
=
on account of books, stationery, printing and advertising .. on account of redemption of County Bonds, proper ..
3000.00
44
on account of Commissioners' Court ..
439.20
= on account of bounty on wolf and fox scalps. on account of County Asylum (poor-house farm).
42.00
2893.37
on account of insane paupers.
939.87
on account of fuel and lights.
748.38
on account of ditches.
9.00
on account of elections
45.89
Total
$35,239.55
on account of roads, viewing, surveying and bridges. = = = on account of enumeration, appraising, assessing, etc.
2717.61
(total) on account of poor, not including investments in poor farms or buildings or repair of same ..
9041.63
on account of repairs of public buildings and care of same on account of interest on County bonds ..
1261.71
568
HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
OFFICIAL CENSUS OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
TOWNSHIPS.
Popu'n in
1870.
Popu'n in
1880.
Gain in
10 years.
Loss in
10 years.
No. of
Farms.
Olive.
1560
1901
341
157
German.
551
579
28
129
Clay.
1442
1476
34
107
Harris.
408
450
42
74
Mishawaka.
2617
2640
23
Penn.
2365
2321
44
369
Portage.
777
770
7
105
South Bend, 1st Ward.
1363
2197
834
2d Ward.
1743
3286
1543
3d Ward.
2679
3236
557
=
4th Ward.
1421
2280
859
5th Ward.
2393
2393
Warren.
760
777
17
129
Greene.
964
1000
36
161
Centre.
717
768
51
130
Madison
1697
1906
209
330
Union.
1801
2015
214
310
Liberty
1394
1939
545
264
Lincoln
1063
1389
326
158
25322
33323
8052
51
2423
The net gain in the county in ten years was 8,001. The largest gain anywhere in the county was in the Third and Fifth wards. In 1870 these two wards constituted the Third ward, and the popula- tion was 2,679. The population now in the same territory is 5,629 -an increase of 2,950, or more than 110 per cent.
The deaths in the county from May 31, 1879, to June 1, 1880, were 400, divided as follows: Olive township, 17; Clay, 16; Mish- awaka and Penn townships, 84; Portage township and First ward of South Bend, 30; Third and Fifth wards, 93; Second and Fourth wards, 54; Warren, 3; Greene, 6; Centre, 8; Madison, 17; Union, 31; Liberty, 24, and Lincoln, 17.
AGED PERSONS IN THE COUNTY.
The following list of persons over 75 is compiled from the cen- sus report as furnished by the different enumerators, now on file in the clerk's office at South Bend:
In the 1st ward of South Bend and Portage township E. W. Hoover reports 17 persons above 75 years. They are: John Boyes, 79; Madore Cratee, 77; Charity Cobb, 79; Sophia Coquillard, 76; Elizabeth Cleveland, 88; Dolly Caldwell, 86; John Degraff, 85; Benjamin Eckler, 76; Susannah Elbel, 80; Elizabeth Embick, 80; Jacob Hardman, 76; Henry Holtz, 83; John Kleindinst, Sr., 77; Lovina R. Pfleger, 79; Andrew Sherburg, 70; Rebecca Stnde- baker, 78: Lena Schidler, 79; L. Hain, 82; C. M. Heaton, 75; Thos. Fifield, 78; Mrs. Mary Kent, 76.
569
HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
In the 2d and 4th wards Major Witherill reports 15, as follows: Joseph Bradt, 79; Frank Baner, Sr., 78; James G. Bentley, 86; Catharine Emerick, 83; Sarah Kindig, 84; Joseph Megler, 80; Jacob Miller, 85; Wm. G. Norris, 77; Samuel Perry, 78; Frances Perro, 75; Dr. S. Raff, 76; Thos. Rockhill, 79; Mary Shuman, 76; Eveline Tilden, SO; Christine Yeada, 77; Dr. Ham, 80; J. B. Arnold, 79.
In the 3d and 5th wards John M. Deffenbaugh reports 26 as fol- lows: Adam Bernhard, 75; Catharine Bernhard 75; Agnes Butch- coski, 90; Barbara Fritzer, 76; Susannah Goodwin, 78; Hester Good, 79; Rosa Hantz, 80; James Hney, 75; Sarah Hall, 80; Anna Hack, 76; Henrietta Judia, 75; Joseph Keasey, 86; Max Konzen, 76; Elizabeth Konzen, 76; Martin Lasetski, Sr., 78; Charles Loring, 79; Catharine Ordt, 79; John D. Robinson, S9; Henry SIusser, 82; Ann B. Sample, 79; Doretta Schanchs, 80; Ephraim Trueblood, 79; Margaret Trueblood, 76; Samuel Wal- dorf, Sr., 77; Nancy A. Whitlock, 76; Charles Morgan, 80; T. J. Seixas, 77. Oldest man in the city, Judge Robertson; oldest lady, Mrs. Butchcoski; both in the 3d ward.
Union township, 17, reported by P. P. Ducomb: Ruth Brock, 78; Nathan Corderay, 80; Martha Corderay, 75; Sophia Conrad, 78; Christine Dowell, 77; Thomas Hughes, 80; Jane Jaines, 80; Mary Knepp, 79; Nancy Kern, 80; Matilda Manuel, 79; Simon Paulns, 76; Joseph Penrod, 78; Jane Palmer, 75; Catharine Rupert, 76; Aaron Reynolds, 82; Elizabeth Reynolds, 80; Charles Smith, 83. Oldest gentleman, Charles Smith; oldest ladies, Mrs. Reynolds, Mrs. James and Mrs. Kern.
Madison township, 10, reported by John Wier: Andona Aut- enberger, 88; Sophia Cinsmer, 80; Isaac Culp, 76; John Dock- look, 86; Jacob Getz, 84; Christian Heminger, 75; Philip Kline, 78; Balser Manges, 77; Mary Markes, 77; Thomas Fifield, 78. Oldest gentleman, Mr. Antenberger; oldest lady, Mrs. Cinsmer.
Liberty township, by J. C. Miller, 13, as follows: Samuel Betz, 79; Jacob Hildebrand, 83; Hannah Hildebrand, 77; Greenberry King, 79; Elizabeth Leitner, 75; Elizabeth Reinehart, 83; Anna Rupe, 78; Conrad Swank, 75; Dorcas Swank, 79; Mary Smick, 86; Samnel Williams, 77; Charles Williams, 79; Eleanor Wil- liams, 76. Oldest gentleman, Jacob Hildebrand; oldest lady, Mary Smick.
Olive township, 23, reported by James Curry: Joseph Adams, 76; Nancy Adams, 77; Samnel Bates, 79; James Caterlin, 75; Jane Davis, 77; Barzella Drollinger, 79; Nancy Drollinger, 77; Isaac Faurote, 75; Maliala Faurote, 78; Mary Flannigan, 75; Mar. garet Frisby, 80; John Fredinberger, 75; Anna Goolbeck, 84; Christian Herpolshimer, 75; Anna Herpolshimer, 77; Maggie Harmon, 80; Andrew Kush, 90; Anna Kush 80; Elizabeth Lane, 79; Nancy Nango, 90; John Nauok, 86; Benjamin Nickerson, 84; Gabriel Reed, 79. Oldest gentleman, Andrew Kush; oldest lady, Nancy Naugo.
570
HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
Clay township, Mr. Molloy, enumerator; 8, as follows: Michael McRedmond, 76; Lewis Neyron, 86; John Pecan, 80; Harriet Redmond, 80; John Statesman, 75; Eliza Stutesman, 75; Eliza- beth Ullery, 76; H. C. Webster, 76. Oldest gentleman, Dr. Ney- ron of Notre Dame; oldest lady, Mrs. Redmond.
Penn township, including Mishawaka, 36, reported by Messrs. Judkins and Sumption: Harriet Beart, 78; Elizabeth Boltinghorn, 77; Moses Bascom, 83; Mary Crooks, 78; Mary Carreus, 78; Henry Delcamp, 80; Elizabeth Eberhart, 80; Julia Edwards, 76; Stephen Griffins, 84; David Griggs, 90; Ruth Griggs, 75; Abbie Halburd, 75; Sabrina Ham, 76; Sophia Hallenbeck, 75; Christian Hopricks, 84; George Jacobs, Sr. 90; Esthier R. Kerr, 80; An- drew H. Long, 86; Mary Maut, 75; Elizabeth Matthews, 77; Margaret Ossia, 85; Alphona Pecher, 85; Hannah R. Pettit, 77; Mary A. Smith, 78; Sally Sinith, 81; Hannah Faurell, 79; Ryan Van Pelt, 79; Lavina Doolittle 79; Polly Jones, 77; Mathias Klein, 87; Alvina Moon, 75; Mary Ocker, 79; Mary Pegg, 85; Nancy Patterson, 76; Israel Schmid, 80; Louisa Zager, 75; Gil- man Towle, 76. Oldest gentlemen, David Griggs, and George Jacobs, Sr .; oldest ladies, Margaret Ossia and Mary Pegg.
Lincoln, W. J. Wolfe, enumerator, 5, as follows: Wmn. Bender, 76; Polly Haymaker, 83; Andrew T. Mitchell, 76; Truman Rose, 77; Ruth Wilcox, 77. Oldest gentleman, Truman Rose; oldest lady, Polly Haymaker.
Greene, James Carskaddon, enumerator, 7, as follows: Christina Haukey, 82; Elizabeth Jones, 81; Jacob Myers, 78; John Rupel, 82; Elizabeth Rambo, 85; Christina Swygert, 75; John Seward, 82. Oldest gentlemen, Messrs. Rupel and Seward; oldest lady, Mrs. Haukey.
Centre, Schuyler C. Carskaddon, enumerator, 3, as follows: Elizabeth Henson, 75; Susan Price, 77; Sophia Schaffer, 78. Old- est lady, Sophia Schaffer; no gentleman over 75 years.
Warren, Ashbury Lindley, enumerator, 3, as follows: Martin Nailin, 75; Elizabeth Reprogle, 75; Rustin Wright, 78. Oldest gentleman, R. Wright; oldest lady, Elizabeth Reprogle.
German, J. G. Keltner, enumerator, 6, as follows: Julia Cham- berlain, 80; Mary House, 78; Samnel R. Keltner, 84; Mary Shade, 76; Abraham Smith, 77; Margaret Zigler, 75. Oldest gentleman, S. R. Keltner; oldest lady, Julia Chamberlain.
Harris, A. D. Manning, enumerator, reports 8, as follows: Geo. Young, 82; Catharine Young, 78; William Snyder, 83; John Rohrer, 78; John Kerfus, 75; Michael Griffith, 80; Arbagast Zaehnle, 79; Horace Bonney, 78. Oldest gentleman, Wm. Snyder; oldest lady, Mrs. Young.
The oldest men in the county are David Griggs and George Jacobs, of Penn, and Andrew Kush, of Olive, each aged 90. The oldest women are Mrs. Butchoski, of this city, and Mrs. Nango, of Olive, each aged 90.
The total number above the age of 75 in the entire county is 197.
CHAPTER XIV.
THE PRESS OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY .- NORTHWESTERN PIONEER .- SOUTH BEND FREE PRESS .- ST. JOSEPH VALLEY REGISTER .-- MISHAWAKA TOO- SIN .- FREE DEMOCRAT .- ST. JOSEPH COUNTY FORUM .- NATIONAL UNION .- SOUTH BEND HERALD .- MISHAWAKA BEE .-- THE INVESTI- GATOR .- SOUTH BEND TRIBUNE .- INDUSTRIAL ERA .- SOUTH BEND ERA .- ST. JOSEPH COUNTY REPUBLICAN .-- WALKERTON VISITOR .--- SOUTH BEND COURIER .- TURNER'S SOUTH BEND ANNUAL .- NEW CAR- LISLE GAZETTE .- NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC .- AVE MARIA.
THE PRESS OF ST. JOSEPHI COUNTY.
As has already been stated, St. Joseph county was organized in Angust, 1830. One year after, John D. Defrees made his appear- ance at South Bend, a village of some thirty houses, and proposed to its citizens the establishment here of a newspaper. At this time there was no paper north of the Wabash in this State, or in Southern Michigan. Chicago, also, was without representation. In November, 1831, the first number of the Northwestern Pioneer was issued, by John D. and Joseph H. Defrees. Politically, the paper was Whig. After the first six months the name of the paper was changed to the St. Joseph Beacon, and continued as such eighteen months longer when it was suspended, the country not being sufficiently populated to support a newspaper.
The South Bend Free Press was the next venture in the news- paper line, and was established in 1836 at South Bend, by William Millikan. It was continued nine years, the office then being sold to Albert W. West and Schuyler Colfax, in September, 1845. The Free Press was discontinued, but on its ruins was established the St. Joseph Valley Register.
St. Joseph Valley Register .- Volume 1, No. 1, was issued Sept. 12, 1845, at South Bend, with the names of Albert W. West and Schuyler Colfax as publishers-Schuyler Colfax, editor. In size it was 22x32, a six-column folio. In its salutatory, the editor says: " In politics we shall be inflexibly Whig, believing those principles the best and safest and wisest for the administration of our Govern- ment. With an abiding confidence that sooner or later those principles will gloriously and permanently triumph, we shali labor for them as zealously and faithfully when the prospect is dimmed by defeat or reverses, as when it is lit up by the sunshine of victory. Although we shall defend those principles sternly and earnestly, our arguments and language will be such as to offend no reasonable opponent. And if it should be our ill-fortune to be visited with
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572
HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
personal scurrility and abuse by any antagonist, we shall leave that part of the contest exclusively to him. We were not bred in that school; we know nothing about its arguments."
On the subject of slavery, the editor says: " We shall take the middle ground lying between the two dangerous extremes, which patriots should always aim to find. We shall be opposed both to Calhounism and Birneyism, viewing them both as ultraisms, and yet, like opposites, often meeting unconsciously. To the first we shall be hostile because it holds that outrageons doctrine that slavery is a national blessing and the corner stone of the republic; because it strives to enlarge the borders of that 'peculiar institution; ' because it would, if it dared, rack the glorious fabric of our union till it tottered and fell. To the other we shall be opposed because its course, we think, tends to rivet the chains of the slave more firmly to prevent a calm and argumentative discussion of the whole question through the South, and because its political organization . has only tended thus far, to assist the fanatics of the South in per- petrating slavery and enlarging the slave territory and slave power of the union. Without regard, therefore, to these two extremes, we shall be fixedly opposed to enlarging the borders of slavery even one inch, either so far as sailor power and weight in the national councils are concerned, and shall hail with happiness the day when the Southern States, after calm examination, shall in a constitutional and legal manner adopt a feasible plan of emancipation, either gradnal or immediate."
Agriculture, education and news were to find a prominent place in the paper. The first number contained the advertisements of John Brownfield & Co., George S. Harris and John Gilman, Jr., dry-goods and groceries; A. Delano & Co., hardware; R. Bur- roughs, copper, tin and sheet-iron manufactory; James Snodgrass, E. F. Dibble and R. L. Farnsworth, attorneys; South Bend Acade- my, C. M. Wright, Principal; L. Humphreys and John Tatman, physicians; Henry Johnson, wool-carding; several book advertise- ments, legal advertisements and tracts of land.
Albert B. West retired after the expiration of seven months, Schuyler Colfax becoming sole proprietor of the establishment.
Volmine 3, No. 1, commenced with an enlargement to a seven- column folio. This change the editor says cansed a considerable ontlay and added heavily to his weekly expenses for type-setting and paper. On the completion of the telegraph line, it began to receive telegraphic dispatches. On the 29th day of December, 1849, the Register boasted of a telegraphic feat. Dispatches were sent from New York at 4 o'clock P. M., and received at South Bend at 3:35 P. M .- apparently 25 minutes before being sent, the difference in longitude occasioning this strange fact. The editor said: " If Morse ever gets a line across the ocean, by way of Iceland, we shall expect him to furnish European news up to Thursday night every week for our Thursday morning's paper." The editor did not dream a line would ever be stretched across the ocean, and that not
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HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
by way of Iceland. In the same issne, in farther speaking of tele- graphic work, the editor says: "Last Saturday, the atmosphere being dry, cool and pure, and everything else propitious, the proper communications were made, and the operator at Buffalo wrote through beantifully to Milwaukee, 800 miles, without re-writing at Detroit. We received our report of that afternoon direct from Buffalo. This is the first time that this has been done, and we believe 800 miles is as far as writing has ever been sent by any of the operators on any of the lines in the world." But he has lived to see this eclipsed.
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