USA > Indiana > Indiana and Indianans : a history of aboriginal and territorial Indiana and the century of statehood, Volume V > Part 2
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The School of Agriculture enrolled 207 students in 1907. This enrollment had in- creased to 814 in 1916. During the period in which he served as Dean of the School of Agriculture Smith Hall, one of the very best buildings devoted to the dairy indus- try was erected, and a veterinary building, which is the best to be found in any agri- cultural college in the United States not making graduate veterinarians, a judging pavilion, a horse building, a beef cattle building and horticultural greenhouses were erected. In addition to this there was established a poultry department with a farm and excellent equipment for the instructional and investigational work in poultry husbandry. The work of the Animal Husbandry Department of Pur- due University under the direction of Professor Skinner has attracted attention not only in the United States but in foreign countries. From a very small beginning and with little money to do it the department has grown to the point where it has as good equipment in animal husbandry as any institution in the middle west. The pure-bred herds and flocks on the University Farm are made up of the very best animals, as is indicated by the success of the fat stock shown by this institution in the International Shows. Purdue has won the grand championship on fat steers three times within the last ten years, in 1908 on a pure-bred Angus steer, Fyvie Knight; in 1917 on a pure- bred Shorthorn steer, Merry Monarch : bred and fed on the University Farm, and in 1918 on pure-bred Angus steer, Fyvie Knight 2d, bred, and fed on the University Farm. No individual or institution has ever equaled this record. In addition to winning on these steers Purdue won all first prizes on Shorthorn steers with steers bred on the University Farm in the Inter- national Show in 1918. Each year Pur- due has carried away major prizes from
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this great show. Not only have grand prizes been awarded on Purdue cattle but on hogs and sheep as well.
The University Farm has grown from about 150 acres to one of more than 800 acres during his administration. It is coming to be one of the show places of the University, and in a few years should be one of the best features in the equipment of the University.
A brief survey of the investigational work carried on and directed by Professor Skinner includes the following subjects. Pork production, including bacon and lard types; relative value of protein in rough- age and concentrates for fattening cattle ; influence of age, length of feeding period and the use of silage on the efficiency of the ration and the profits in feeding beef cattle; a study of maintenance rations for brood sows, growing pigs and breeding ewes; comparative values of nitrogenous concentrates as supplements in steer feed- ing. He has with his co-workers published numerous bulletins on cattle, swine and sheep feeding. One of the first investiga- tors to take up the use of silage for fatten- ing cattle and lambs, Purdue Station has more data on the subject of silage for fat- tening cattle and lambs than any other and has done more to induce farmers to use silage in the middle west than all stations put together. Professor Skinner has a wide acquaintance with the stockmen of the United States, and Indiana farmers know him wherever he goes.
The publications to which he has con- tributed are noted as follows :
Bulletin No. 88-Purdue Experiment Station, March, 1901, Systems of Cropping with and without fertilization.
Bulletin No. 108-Purdue Experiment Station, July, 1905. Soybeans, middlings and tankage, as supplemental feeds in pork production.
Bulletin No. 115-Purdue Experiment Station, December, 1906, steer feeding.
Bulletin No. 126-Purdue Experiment Station, June, 1908, Supplements to corn for fattening hogs in dry lot.
Bulletin No. 129-Purdue Experiment Station, October, 1908. Steer feeding. Winter steer feeding, 1906-7, 1907-8.
Bulletin No. 130-Purdue Experiment Station, November, 1908. Steer feeding. Results of short vs. long feeding periods.
Bulletin No. 136-Purdue Experiment
Station, October, 1909, Steer feeding. Winter steer feeding, 1908-9.
Bulletin No. 137-Purdue Experiment Station, November, 1909. Dairy by-prod- ucts as supplements to corn for fattening hogs.
Bulletin No. 142-Purdue Experiment Station, May, 1910. Steer feeding. Fin- ishing steers, 1907, 1908, and 1909.
Bulletin No. 146-Purdue Experiment Station, June, 1910. Steer feeding. In- fluence of age on the economy and profit from feeding calves, yearlings and two- year-olds, 1906-7, 1907-8, 1908-9.
Bulletin No. 147-Purdue Experiment Station, June, 1910. Corn silage for win- ter feeding of ewes and young lambs.
Bulletin No. 153-Purdue Experiment Station, September, 1911. Steer feeding. Winter steer feeding, 1909-10 and 1910-11.
Bulletin No. 158-Purdue Experiment Station, May, 1912. Hominy feed for fat- tening hogs.
Bulletin No. 162-Purdue Experiment Station, November, 1912. Fattening west- ern lambs, 1910-11 and 1911-12.
Bulletin No. 163-Purdue Experiment Station, November, 1912. Steer feeding. Winter steer feeding.
Bulletin No. 167-Purdue Experiment Station, October, 1913. Steer feeding. Winter steer feeding, 1912-13.
Bulletin No. 168-Purdue Experiment Station, November, 1913. Fattening west- ern lambs, 1912-13.
Bulletin No. 178-Purdue Experiment Station, November, 1914. Cattle feeding. Winter steer feeding, 1913-14.
Bulletin No. 179-Purdue Experiment Station, November, 1914. Sheep feeding. Fattening western lambs.
Bulletin No. 183-Purdue Experiment Station, November, 1915. Cattle feeding. Winter steer feeding, 1914-15.
Bulletin No. 184 Purdue Experiment Station, November, 1915. Sheep feeding. Fattening western lambs, 1914-15.
Bulletin No. 191-Purdue Experiment Station, September, 1916. Cattle feeding. Winter steer feeding, 1915-16.
Bulletin No. 192-Purdue Experiment Station, September, 1916. Sheep feeding. Fattening western lambs, 1915-1916.
Bulletin No. 202-Purdue Experiment Station, Sheep feeding, Fattening western lambs, 1916-1917.
Bulletin No. 206-Purdue Experiment
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Station, Cattle feeding, Winter steer feed- ing, 1916-17.
Bulletin No. 219-Purdue Experiment Station, Swine feeding. Studies of the feeding value of corn by-products. Palmo Midds and commercial mixed hog feeds, 1917-18.
Bulletin No. 220-Purdue Experiment Station, Winter steer feeding, 1917-1918.
Bulletin No. 221-Purdue Experiment Station, Sheep feeding. Fattening west- ern lambs, 1917-1918.
Circular No. 8-Purdne Experiment Station, October, 1907. Beef production. I, Purchasing feeders.
Circular No. 12-Purdue Experiment Station, Beef production. II, Methods of beef production in Indiana.
Circular No. 14-July, 1908. Purdue Experiment Station. Beef production. III, Factors influencing the value and cost of feeders.
A summary of investigational work con- ducted will be found in the annual reports of the Purdue Experiment Station from 1900 to 1920.
FRANK J. WRIGHT, D. C., a leading chiropractor of the City of Indianapolis, was born March 19, 1866, and is a gradu- ate of the Palmer School of Chiropractie of Davenport, Iowa. Doctor Wright has offices in the Law Building, where he has successfully followed his profession during the past five years.
The following article written by him is an interesting exposition of the science he represents :
"The public in general may not know that art has a place in the education and the work of the chiropractor. Neverthe- less it has, but it is not the art that enables one to blend colors and to paint scenes that enthrall, that fills the soul with emotion. Art also has another meaning, and it is this which enters into the education and the work of the chiropractor.
"Webster defines this art as (a) the em- ployment of a means to the accomplish- ment of some end; (h) the skillful adap- tation and application to some purpose or use of knowledge or power acquired from nature; (c) a system of rules and estab- lished methods to facilitate the perfor- mance of certain actions; familiarity with such principles and skill in applying them to an end or purpose.
"In chiropractic the end to be aecom- plished is to place in harmonious action every organ of the body; to re-establish co-ordination between the brain that oper- * ates the body and the various organs of the body which are dependent upon this brain power. The means employed to do this primarily is chiropractic education. Included in this education is the peculiar training necessary in order to locate the cause of this failure of co-ordination be- tween the brain and the organs of the body, and the way or manner of removing it. The purpose in applying this power acquired from nature is to remove the canse of disease, permitting nature to op- erate the organs of the body naturally and normally.
"We have a system of rules and estab- lished methods to facilitate the perform- ance of certain actions, and we have the familiarity with such principles and the skill in applying them to an end or pur- pose. These rules or methods are now be- ing taught by recognized schools of chiro- practic. Dr. D. D. Palmer discovered the basic principles of chiropractic twenty- three years ago and practiced them for ten years before his son, B. J. Palmer, who had grown up in the environment of his fath- er's work, gained his father's consent to give the discovery to the world. His son caught the spirit and the inspiration of the discoverer and proceeded to develop it into a science, a philosophy, and an art.
"The instructions of the chiropractie schools differs from that of medical schools somewhat in physiology, considerably in the philosophy of life as applied to the hu- man body, and very materially so in its system of locating and removing the cause of disease. In anatomy and symtomat- ology it follows closely the teaching of medical schools. The education of a chir- opractor includes the training of the touch to a degree of perfection which enables him to determine by palpation any devia- tion of, or in, the spinal column. It also teaches the art of adjustment into normal position of the spine or any portion of the spine which may be out of alignment.
"Much stress is placed upon the develop- ment of the sense of touch, and for the accomplishment of this one thing hours of work in training are devoted each day cov- ering a period of several months. So sen- sitive do the touch corpuscles of the finger
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tips become under this system of training that one hesitates to place them against any object whose surface is rough. The person who attempts to practice chiroprac- tie without this training is unprepared.
"The art of adjustment, the mastery of the adjustic move is equally as important as is the art of palpation. While attend- ing school I saw a review demonstration of half a hundred moves, which had been tried, and from which the present moves have been developed and adopted. We now have standardized rules for the adjust- ment of the various portions of the spine, and they are so well defined and so well established that, having mastered them, their application becomes an art. The chiropractor who has become thoroughly proficient in the palpation of the spine and master of the principles of adjustment is just as much an artist as are those of any other profession whose performance is one demanding high skill of execution.
"There are those who pretend to believe that as they are versed in anatomy and pathology of the human body they are qualified to practice chiropractic, but this is a mistake. They still need the philos- ophy of chiropractic, the chiropractic teachings of physiology ; while the drill in palpation of spines, the development of the touch and the mastering of the adjustic move are absolutely necessary and cannot be had outside of a school of chiropractic covering a course of not less than two school years. The actual clinical work that one does in his senior year of school work is the experience that enables the graduate to enter upon his work with a degree of certainty of success, and of as- surance to the public that he is prepared for his work. Chiropractie is a'science; it has a philosophy, and the application of these is an art.
"Chiropractie does not attempt to turn the world of healing upside down and de- nounce all other methods as of no value. It recognizes much good in other methods, but firmly insists that chiropractic is the best.
"I mention but one of the basic facts upon which chiropractie stands, as it will illustrate the point I wish to make. It is this, that every organ in the body and every part of the body must be supplied with power to operate, and that it is the nervous system that carries this operating
power to the various organs and parts of the body.
"Pressure or obstruction on the nerves will interfere and prevent delivery of nerve force, resulting in impaired or ab- normal function. Thus it is that resistive power is lessened, permitting the contrac- tion of that which we have learned to des- ignate as disease.
"Chiropractie further insists that in case of disease or as a preventive of disease it is necessary to have the nerves free from any pressure or obstruction, thus permit- ting the full transmission of nerve impulse or force. This enables nature to resist the contraction of disease or to restore the tissues to normal if already diseased.
"It is necessary, that wires conducting electricity shall be free from interference in order that the full power to operate may reach the object to be supplied. So with the nerves of our bodies. They, too, must be free from interference, free from pressure in order that they may carry the full amount of vital force or nerve energy, which are one and the same, to the organs they supply. Interference to the nervous system to the extent of preventing this will result in their failure to function nor- mally, and sooner or later in a condition known as disease.
"To insure proper distribution of the nerve force it is necessary to remove any pressure there may be on the nerves where they emit from or leave the back bone, which pressure often does occur. This permits the nerves to deliver their full amount of vital energy as nature may de- mand it, the delivery of which insures normal function-health. The chiropractor is educated both to locate and to remove this pressure or interference.
"The principles of chiropractie are ad- vanced principles, and they are right prin- ciples. It has been proved so beyond suc- cessful contradiction. Chiropractie is not a theory, it is a fact, a science, the princi- ples of which have never changed; where the elements of experimentation do not enter, and where the thing which the sci- ence has demonstrated and established as necessary to do becomes a positive thing to be done.
"Vital force is life, or it is the force that produces internal and external man- ifestations of life, therefore chiropractic is concerned with vital force and its normal
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distribution as being the most essential thing in the restoration of health. There are more than 200 chiropractors in the State of Indiana and more than 5,000 in the United States, with hundreds being added to the profession each year. Chir- opractic is looked upon as little less than marvelous, which can only be accounted for by reason of the almost universal re- sults it is giving in the way of health res- toration."
HERMAN A. MAYER is treasurer of the United States Trust Company of Terre Haute. This is one of the largest financial institutions of the state, and his position as treasurer, which he has held for some ยท six or seven years, is a high and important honor to Mr. Mayer, who was hardly thirty years of age when he was elevated to these responsibilities. The United States Trust Company was organized in 1903, has a capi- tal stock of half a million dollars, and its total resources are over five millions.
Mr. Mayer was born at Terre Haute August 20, 1880, has spent practically all his life in his native city, and is bound to it by ties of many personal associations and by the dignity of his individual success.
His father is the venerable Anton Mayer, who was a pioneer in the brewing business of Terre Haute and has been a resident of this city fifty years. Anton Mayer was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, January 12, 1842, grew up on the home farm of his father, Bartholomew Mayer, had a common school education, and early in life was employed for a year or so in a brewery. In 1858, at the age of sixteen, he came to the United States alone and went direct to Terre Haute. He remained in that city only a short time, and going to Cincinnati spent eight years in one of the leading breweries of that city and for three years was brew master. He acquired a thorough technical knowledge of all details of the brewing art, and this knowledge, together with a modest amount of capital which he had been able to save, he brought to Terre Haute in 1868 to engage in business for himself. Ile and a partner bought an old established brewing plant, but about a year later, through the death of his part- ner, he became sole owner. He developed a mere brewery from a small yearly capac- ity until it was manufacturing 25,000 bar- rels. a year. In 1889 Mr. Mayer sold the
plant to the Terre Haute Brewing Com- pany and retired from business. However, he has since kept in close touch with the financial affairs of Terre Haute and has many investments in real estate and coun- try property. On April 29, 1879, at Terre Haute, he married Miss Sophie Miller, a native of Germany who came to America with her parents at the age of three years. Mr. and Mrs. Anton Mayer had four chil- dren, Herman, Bertha, Ida and Gertrude, the last two now deceased.
Herman A. Mayer grew up in his native city, attended the public schools and St. Joseph College, and in 1904 entered the recently organized United States Trust Company as teller. In 1908 he was made treasurer, and has handled many of the important executive responsibilities of the institution for the past ten years. He is also treasurer of the Indiana Savings & Building Association and is a member of the executive committee of the Morris Plan Bank of Terre Haute. His affiliations are those of a public spirited and energetic citizen and include membership in the Chamber of Commerce and with other or- ganizations and movements which best ex- press the civic and business ideals of his community. He is a republican and a member of Terre Haute Lodge No. 86 of the Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks. In 1905 he married Miss Antoinette Brink- man, of Terre Haute, and they had two children, John Anton and Mary Hermine.
HON. JOEL P. HEATWOLE was born in Waterford, Indiana, August 22, 1856, a son of Henry and Barbara Heatwole. As early as 1876 he engaged in the printing business, and in 1882 he became a resident of Minnesota. Mr. Heatwole was a mem- ber of the Fifty-Fourth to the Fifty-Sev- enth Congresses, declining renomination. He is a republican in politics.
The home of Mr. Heatwole is at North- field, Minnesota.
ALFRED FREMONT POTTS, of Indianap- olis, a lawyer by profession, has become most widely known to the people of In- diana through his skill and success in pro- moting large business organizations, and particularly for his plan for the control in the public interest of public utilities. In this field he has done notable pioneer work and has undoubtedly contributed to the
Somman a Mayor
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solution of many vexatious problems con- nected with the relations of large public corporations with the people in general.
He was born at Richmond, Indiana, October 29, 1856. His father, Dr. Alfred Potts, died while serving as a surgeon in the Union army during the Civil war. Until twelve years of age Alfred F. Potts had only the advantages of the common schools. He educated himself by a course of persistent reading and early developed his inclination for organization work by the promotion of a literary club and a moot court. Later he read law, and was ad- mitted to the bar of Marion County by courtesy in 1876, while still under age.
In 1877 he formed a law partnership with John L. Griffiths, later reporter of the Supreme Court of Indiana and fur- ther distinguished by his long service as United States consul general to London. Mr. Griffiths was an orator of exceptional merit, while Mr. Potts was noted for his skill in the preparation of a case for trial. Early in its career the firm undertook some of the most utterly hopeless criminal cases that could be imagined, but they fought them with such vim that they re- ceived columns of free advertising through the newspaper reports, and very soon were in the paths of an active practice. This partnership lasted for twenty-five years and was abandoned rather than dissolved through the absorption of Mr. Griffiths in politics and of Mr. Potts in various enter- prises, one of which consisted in the re- demption of a certain portion of a resi- dence street from shanties which were re- placed by artistic high class residences and became known as "The Street of Political Good Fortune."
Mr. Potts first came into public promi- nence as an organizer in the year 1887. With the discovery of natural gas in In- diana there was naturally an effort on the part of capitalists to control the supply and reap the profits from it. On the other hand there was strong sentiment for giving the public the benefit. At this time, when the people of Indianapolis seemed hope- lessly barred from attaining the public benefit, through lack of funds, Mr. Potts brought forward the then novel proposi- tion of the Consumers Gas Trust. It was a proposal for a company in which the voting power of the stockholders was irre- vocably lodged in a board of self-perpet-
uating trustees, while the earnings of the stockholders were restricted to 8 per cent interest and the repayment of the face value of the stock. When this repay- ment was made the trust remained for the public benefit to furnish gas at cost. It was more than a solution of the existing problem. Many competent authorities and critics have regarded it as a practical plan for controlling all public utilities for pub- lic benefit, with all the advantages of mu- nicipal ownership and none of its disad- vantages. In fact, at this day when the nation is struggling with the problem of an equitable adjustment by means of "ex- cess profits taxation" of enormous profit- eering enterprises, it would seem that some of the fundamental principles involved in Mr. Potts' plan of thirty years ago has been rediscovered and revitalized.
The plan was at once met by claims that it was unsound and impracticable; but the ablest lawyers of the city pronounced it perfectly sound. The plan was at once adopted by the Board of Trade with the support of leading citizens in all lines. The company was organized and in two weeks the subscription for $500,000 of stock, which had been fixed as necessary for the start, was more than covered. The company did what was expected of it in securing cheap gas and made a saving to the public of $1,000,000 a year for fifteen years until the supply was ex- hausted. During that time it made a to- tal investment of over $2,500,000, all of which was paid out of the earnings of the company, together with 8 per cent in- terest on the stock, and the repayment of all the principal originally invested. Those interested in the principal involved will find a full presentation of the subject by Mr. Potts in the American Review of Re- views for November, 1899.
After the supply of natural gas was ex- hausted the trustees and directors desired to manufacture artificial gas. Rival in- terests caused the matter to be taken into court and on April 11, 1905, it was held that the company was limited to supplying natural gas and had no power to manufac- ture gas. The cause of the public seemed to be blocked until it was pointed out that the city had an option of purchase of the plant under the company's franchise, and this could be sold to another company. Then the following plan was adopted :
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The city gave the necessary notice of in- tention to purchase, and then assigned its option to A. F. Potts, Frank D. Stalnaker and Lorenz Schmidt, to be transferred to a company to be organized by Mr. Potts. This company was to furnish artificial gas at 60 cents per thousand feet, with the same features of voting trustees to prevent manipulation and limited dividends of 10 per cent and on the further condition that the property was to go to the city when the stockholders had received their money back. This proposal was accepted and after surmounting every legal obstacle that could be placed in its way the new company finally gained possession of the mains of the Consumers Trust on October 31, 1907. In the fight for this new public enterprise Mr. Potts visited England at his own expense and gathered the proof to show that gas could be manufactured and sold at 60 cents per 1,000 cubic feet. The company proceeded with vigor and be- gan supplying gas on March 31, 1909. Its action forced the other company to come to the same terms, and eventually to lease their plants for ninety-nine years to the new company, which is now supplying gas at 60 cents per 1,000, the lowest rate of any city in the United States. It is ob- vious that the same principles of organiza- tion employed in these gas enterprises can be applied to other public utilities, and that it furnishes a means by which the pub- lic can avoid being exploited in these mat- ters.
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