USA > Indiana > Fountain County > Past and present of Fountain and Warren Counties, Indiana, Volume 1 > Part 2
USA > Indiana > Warren County > Past and present of Fountain and Warren Counties, Indiana, Volume 1 > Part 2
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Hall, James E.
761
Hartz, Alonzo 931 1
Hartz, Henry 936 1
Haupt, Fred R. 862 1
IInynes, John
749
Ilead, Ira A. 571
Heath. Rev. Alfred R. 616
Heischman, John G.
Held, John 319
Helms, Allen W. 531
HIelins, Frank Z. 696
Henderson, Joseph 925
Henry, Young 734
Herricks, Jolm 1
Hilliard, Garrett V. 1 1
922
Hobart, Edwin S. 1 1 983
Holtz, Fred
572
1
Horn, Josephus 946
Host, Paul 608
Hottenstein, Robert C.
919
Houser, George M.
420
Howard, Worten
812
Hudler, Bert O. 508
Huff, Charles E.
480
Ilughes, Edward B. 756
Hunter, William P.
835
Huston, J. C.
902
J
Jackson, T. M. 404
Johnson, Earl E., M. D. 950
Johnson, G. W. 926
Johnson, John A. 615
Jones, Evan 735
Jones, Howard W. 848
Jones, James C.
816
Jones, Oliver S.
373
Jones. Percy L. 810
Judy, John F. 792
Judy. Ole R.
K
Keister, Edwin
Keister, Jantes
Kerr. Charles D.
Kerr. Guy W. 495
Kerr. Lew
Keyt, Byron E. 747
King, James W. 750
King, William Burr 753
Kirk, Elliott W., M. D.
533
Kirkpatrick, Edwin J.
674
Kitchen, George W.
875
Kramer. Henry L.
8.51
Krout, Robert
301
L
LaBaw, S. B. 705
Lake, Israel
876
Larch, Aaron 032
LaTourette, Schuyler
472
1
Lawsou, Henry
415
Lawson, William A. 543
Leak, Robert
870
Leas, Elmer E.
736
Leath, Azariah T.
S16
1
Lewis, Oliver P.
386
Livengood, Arista T. 378
Livengood, David
483
Livengood, Manford
500
Lowe, Albert B.
375
Lucas, Charles C.
399
Mc
MeCollongh, Alvin R., M. D.
953
McCabe, Hon. James
705
McClatehy, Robert 968
McCord, John G.
938
McCord, Robert A.
511
MeDermond, J. Frank
459
MeDonald, Malcolm A.
820
MeFerren, A. E. 563
McGahan, Alexander
779
McGanghey, Jacob
109
MeGaughey, Oliver W.
40S
1
BIOGRAPHICAL, INDEX.
MeGeorge, T. J., Jr.
MeGulvrey. William 507
MeKiney, Prestley T. 50G
MeKinzie, Elmer E. 577
MeMannomy, James 492
MeNett, Jasper
M
Madden, Anson G. 395
Malada, William 960
Mallory, Edmond R. 552 1
Mankey, John
SGT
Marksbury, James F.
663
Marshall, Lucian G.
83-1
Marshall, Miles 406
Martin, Charles E. 556
Martin, Harry C. 677
Martin, John S. 530
Martin, Jobu W. 510
Martin, Thomas E. 550 1 1 1 1
Massey, William R. 1
437
Mecker, Jomm M. 1 1
773
1 Meeker, Theodore M. 410
Mellott. John B. 451 1 1 1 1
Mellott, William J.
752
Melton, Payton
724
Messmore, William L. 548
1 Metsker, John W. 418
Miller, Robert J. 1 1 1
720
Miller, Thomas
476
1
845
Mills, Jolm W.
822
1
Moflit, J. Edward 844 1 1
Moffitt, John T. 838 1 1 1
Motlitt, David H. 603 1
1 Moore, Thomas C. 9-17
Morchouse, Hartson
Mondy, Robert Bernard 1
855
Munson, William 757
Myers, Noah R.
388
Myers, William B. 123
N
Nave, Frank A. 697
Nehrig, Herman 586
Neil, Will S. 796
Nern, John C. 786
Nierengarten, Edward 701
Nuss, William M. 589
0
Ogborn, Frank B.
Ogle, Samuel T.
Orr. Bernard N.
?
Padgift, A. M.
Page, Bert E.
Palin, Hiram 11.
Parnell, George W.
Patton, Edward
516
Patton, Voley
Patton, William
517
1
Pavey, George B.
357
Peacock, Albert
S
007
Pence, F. R. 906
Perrin. Paul
Perry, John
Philpot, Elliot M.
914
Philpott, Clande B.
432
Philpott, Lee 515
Powell, Thonmis C.
579
Powell. Thomas M.
510
1
1
1
1
1
Purdue, Thomas
712
Purnell, Fred S.
175
Purnell, Samuel J.
557
R
Ramser, Charies 453
Ramser, Jolin 453
Randolph, H. C. 728
Randolph, Harrison
448
Randolph, Stephen T.
703
Rateliff, A. L., M. D. 576
Rateliff, Omer B. 38-1
Rateliff, Thomas R. 6830
Rateliff, William M. 630
Ray, Robert E.
312
Reed, Daniel C. 3-10
Reed, Joseph F.
155
Reed, Sampson
352
Reed, Stephen 428
Reed, Will B.
Reed, Worth 428
Remster, Smith 507 1
Rent, Lonis
861
Rhode, Jacob M.
052
Rhode, William C.
781
1
1
1 1 1 1
Mattox, Elijah D. 1
1 S80
1
1
Milligan, Orrie
1
1
BIOGRAPIJICAL INDEX.
Rice, Jolm T., M. D. 05-4
Rice. S . Anuel
150
Riester, Joseph 551
Siunion, M. 1 ..
Starkey, Joseph 632
Starnes, Charles, Sr. 580
Starnes, Heury 5.SI
Starnes, Hemy L. 501
Starnes Louis 501
Stephen, Alonzo F. 985
Stephens, John c. 371
Robison, Earl D.
1 (50) 1 1
Rodgers, Elmer E. 960
Romine, Enoch W. 800
Roseberry, Isaac A., M. D. 719
Ross, Harry F.
912
Ross, Will G.
912
Rossiter, Henry 941
Rowland. George. M. D. 350
Royal, J. Walter 897
Royal, Leonard S97
Rusk, Dennis 131 1 1 1
S
St. John, Joseph W. 769
Sayers, Alexander T.
Schermerhorn, Allen C. C64
Schermerhorn. William B. 977
Schoonover, Isaac E. 338
Sellers, Simeon S95
Shafer, Warren 910
Shultz, T. Chalmers 1 467
Shultz, Thomas 536 1
Shultz, W. W. 461 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 Simmerman, W. J. 978
1 1 E 1 Sines, George F. 411
1
Sisk, Jacob 963 1 1
1 1 1 Shuisser, William D. 784
Smith, Charles F. 407
1 Smith, Mark O. 1 1 GG1
1 Smith, Sylvester S92 1 1 3 1 1
1 Smith, V. P. 1 1
850
1 1 1 1 Smith, William C. 729
1 1 1 1 Snoddy, G. D. 442
1 Snoddy, M. W. 716 I I
1 1 Songer. James R. 110 1 1
Songer, Leander 422
Sowers, Samuel IT. 433
Spencer, Charles M. 521
Spinning, A. L., M. D. 381
1 1
Riggin, Lonis G.
1 1
1 3
Rinchart, Oscar 951 1 1 1
Ringel, Amos 712
Ritenour, Jolm F.
1
573
Robb. Bolivar
1 1
Robb, William W.
1 1
Stephenson, W H. IL.
Strader, Ehner T. 500
Strad r, Horace N.
Strader, Oliver IL. 474
Strader, Sherman S.
631
Stump, John H.
Summers, Allen
414
m
Taylor, William M. SOT
Teegarden, Jacob M.
642
Teegarden, Jolin R. 527
'Tengarden, Noah M.
526
Thomas, Chauncey R. 9.90
Thomas, Joseph B.
020
Thomas, W. W.
STO
1
Thomas, William A.
1
1
Thompson, James
161
Troxel, Jacob E.
87S
V
Vail, Joseph
822
Van Der Volgen, Albert
557
Vandeventer, John K.
S2.1
Van Reed, Henry I.
750
Van Reed, Jomm
614
W
Waggoner, Lewis B. S04
Wagner, James S. 975
Wakeley, Charles 741
1
Wallz, John S.
863
1
Warfield, James G.
170
1
Warrenfelt, Jonas
730
Warrick, Russell
596
Riester, Selestin R. 1
10G
Spinning, William 11.
Stanfield, William V., M. D. 511
1
-
500
644
Wilklas. S. ..
Willeit Jent F.
1.4.
Willert Wir wur t.
Willson Drivits
694
Wasch. f .. .
832
FOUNTAIN COUNTY, INDIANA
CHAPTER I.
EARLY INDIANA HISTORY.
What is now known as the state of Indiana was originally discovered and hence claimed as the possession of France by that government. It was Joliet, a Frenchman of great experience as a navigator and discoverer, who was accompanied by that illustrious Catholic, Father Marquette, who first set the world in possession of the facts concerning the great Mississippi river and its wide, rich valley. Marquette had learned much concerning this stream through the Indians whom he was seeking, in the northern country, to convert to Christianity. In a letter written by Marquette from his mis- sion to his reverend superior, he wrote :
"While the Illinois (tribe) came to this point they pass a great river which is almost a league in width. 1. flows from north to south and to so great a distance that the Illinois, who know nothing of the use of a canoe, have never yet heard tell of its mouth; they only know that there are great nations below them, some of whom, dwelling to the east-southeast of their country, gather their Indian corn twice a year. A nation that they call Chaounan (Shawneese) came to visit them during the past summer; the young man that has been given me to teach me the language has seen them; they were loaded with glass beads, which shows that they have communica- tion with the Europeans. They had to journey across the land for more than thirty days before arriving at their country. It is hardly probable that this great river discharges itself into the ocean from Virginia. We are more inclined to think that it has its mouth in California. If the savages, who have promised to make me a canoe, do not fail in their word, we will navi- gate this river as far as possible with a Frenchman and this young man that they have given me, who understands several languages and possesses great facility for acquiring others. We shall visit these nations who dwell along its shores to open the way of our fathers who for a long time have awaited this happiness. This discovery will give us a perfect knowledge of the sea, either to the south or west."
1
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FOUNTAIN AND WARREN COUNTIES, INDLINA.
This knowledge came to the ears of the French authorities at Ouch c, and indeed over in Paris, and naturally enough stimulated further inquiry. There were three theories as to where the Mississippi river finally emptied its waters: One that it was discharged into the Atlantic ocean, south of the British colony of Virginia: second, that it flowed into the gulf of Mexico ; and third, which was the most popular theory, that it was emptied into the Red Sea, as the Gulf of California was called; and if the latter, that it would afford a passage to China. To solve this important problem in the world's commerce, it was determined, as appears from a letter from the governor, at Quebec, to M. Colbert, minister of the French navy at Paris, expedient "for service to send Sieur Joliet to the country of the Marcoutines, to discover the South Sea and the great river -- they call the Mississippi-which is sup- posed to discharge itself into the Sea of California."
Father Marquette was chosen to accompany Joliet on account of the information he had already gained from the various Indians he had niet, as he wrote Father Dablon, his superior, when informed by the latter that be was to be Joliet's companion, "I am ready to go on your order to seek new nations toward the South Sea, and teach them of our great God whom they huitherto have not known."
Before proceeding with a description of the wonderful history of this voyage of Joliet and Marquette, it will be well to note that Spain had a prior right over France to the Mississippi valley by virtue of previous discovery. As early as 1525, Cortez had conquered Mexico, portioned out its rich mines among his favorites and reduced the inoffensive inhabitants to the worst of slavery, making them till the ground and toil in the mines for their unfee1- ing masters. A few years following the conquest of Mexico, the Spaniards, under Pamphilus de Narvaez, in 1528, undertook the conquest and coloniza- tion of Florida and the entire northeast coast-line of the gulf. After long and futile wanderings in the interior, his party returned to the sea coast and endeavored to reach Tampico, in wretched boats. Nearly all perished by disease, storm and famine. The survivors, with one Cabeza de Vaca at their head, drifted to an island near the present state of Mississippi, from which, after four years of slavery, De Vaca, with four companions, escaped to the mainland and started westward, going clear across the continent to the Gulf of California. The natives took them for supernatural beings. They as- sumed the guise of jugglers, and the Indian tribes through which they passed invested them with a tribe of medicine men, and their lives were thus guarded with a superstitions awe. They are, perhaps, the first Europeans who ever went ow rland from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They must have crossed the
.
.
27
FOUNTAIN AND WARREN COUNTIES, INDIAN.A.
Great River ( Mississippi) somewhere on their route, remaining "in history, in a distant twilight, as the first Europeans known to have sut foot on the banks of the Mississippi river."
It was in 1539 when Hernando De Soto. with a part of cavaliers, mostly the sons of titled nobility, landed with their horses upon the coast of Florida. During that and the following four years these daring adventurers wandered through the wilderness, traveling through portions of Florida, Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, crossing the Mississippi river, it is sup- posed, at some point within the present state of Mississippi. Crossing the great river, they pressed their way onward to the base of the Rocky moun- tains, vainly searching for the gold so marvelously described by De Vaca. De Soto's party endured hardships that would depress the stoutest hearts, while, with sword and fre, they perpetrated atrocities upon the Indian tribes through which they passed, burning their villages and inflicting cruel- ties which make us blush for the wickedness of men claiming to be Chris- tians. De Soto died in May or June, 1542, on The banks of the Mississippi. below the month of the Washita, and his immediate attendants concealed his death from the others and secretly, in the night, buried his body in the middle of the stream. The remnant of his survivers went westward and then returned back again to the river, passing the winter upon its banks. The following spring they went down the river, in seven boats which they had rudely constructed out of such scanty material and with the few tools they could command. In these boats, after three months' voyage, they arrived at the Spanish town of Pannico, on the river of that name in Mexico.
Later, in 1565, Spain, failing in previous attempts, effected a lodge- ment in Florida, and for the protection of her colony built the old fort at St. Augustine, whose ancient ruins stili stand out boldly today, as showing ยท where the first settlement was effected in this country. It also stands as a monument over the graves of the hundreds of natives there killed, after serv- ing in bondage, by their Spanish conquerors. These unfortunates had aided in the construction of the massive walls of masonry. converted into dun- geons, dark and gloomy, and in which they finally perished.
While Spain retained her hold on Mexico and enlarged her possessions and continued, with feebler efforts, to keep possession of the Floridas, she took no measure to establish settlements along the Mississippi, or to avail herself of the advantage that might have resulted from its discovery. The Mississippi river excited no further notice after De Soto's time. For the next century it remained a sealed mystery until the French, approaching from the north by way of the Great Lakes, explored it in its entire length and brought to public view the vast extent and wonderful fertility of its valleys.
28
FOUNTAIN AND WARREN COUNTIES, INDIANA.
Retracing our steps to the notes made in the carefully kept journal of Father Marquette, who, with Johet, descended the Mississippi, it may first be stated that Joliet and Marquette's voyage made one of the most thrilling and romantic chapters in the history of the country, especially to those inter- ested in the original of things connected with the states of Ilinois and In- diana. The following is extracted from Marquette's journal :
"The day of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin, whom I had always invoked, since I have been in the Ottawa country, to obtain of God the grace to be able to visit the nations on the river Mississippi, was in- cidentally that on which M. Jollyet arrived with orders to the Comte de Frontenac, our governor, and M. Talon, our intendant, to make the discov- ery with me. I was the more enraptured at this good news, as I saw my designs on the point of being accomplished, and myself in the happy neces- sity of chosing my life for the salvation of all these nations, and particu- larly for the Illinois, who had, when I was at Lapointe du Esprit, very ear- nestly entreated me to carry the word of God to their country.
"We were not long in preparing our outfit, although we were embark- ing on a voyage the duration of which we could not foresce. Indian corn, with some dried meats, was our whole stock of provisions. With this we set out in two bark canoes, M. Jollyet, myself and five men, firmly resolved to do all, and suffer all for so glorious an enterprise.
"It was on May 17, 1763, that we started from he mission of St. Igna- tius, at Michilimakinac, where I. then was.
"Our joy at being chosen for this expedition roused our courage and sweetened our labors of rowing from morning till night. As we were going to seek unknown countries, we took all possible precautions that, if our enterprise was hazardous, it should not be foolhardy; for this reason we gathered all possible knowledge from the Indians who had frequented these parts, and even from their accounts traced a map of all the new country, marking down the rivers on which we were to sail, the names of the nations and places through which we were to pass, the course of the Great River, and what direction we should take when we got to it.
"Above all, I put our voyage under the protection of the Blessed Virgin Immaculate, promising her that, if she did us grace to discover the Great River, I would give it the name of the Conception, and that I would also give that name to the first mission I should establish among the new nations, as I have actually done among the Illinois."
After some days they reached an Indian village, and Marquette's diary continues : "Here we are, then, at the Maskoutens. This word, in Algon-
20)
FOUNTAIN AND WARREN COUNTIES, INDIANA.
quin, may mean 'Gre nation.' and that is the name given by them. This is the limit of the discoveries made by the French, for they have not yet passed beyond it. The town is made up of three nations gathered here. Miamis, Maskoutens and Kickabous. | This village was near the month of Wolfe river. which empties into Winnebago lake, Wisconsin. | As bark for cabins in this region is scarce they use rushes, which serve them for walls and roofs, but which afford them no protection against the wind. and still less against the rain when it falls in torrents. The advantages of this kind of cabins is that they can roll them up and carry them casily where they like in hunting time.
"I felt no little pleasure in behokling the position of the town. The view is beautiful and picturesque. for, from the eminence on which it is perched, the eye discover- on every side prairies spreading away beyond its reach, interspersed with thickets or groves of trees. The soil is very good, producing much corn. The Indians gather also large quantities of plums and grapes from which good wine could be made if they choose.
"No sooner had we arrived than M. Jolly t and I assembled the Sa- chems. He told them we were sent by our governor to discover new coun- tries, and I, by the Almighty, to illumine them with light of the gospel; that the sovereign Master of our lives wished to be known to all nations, and that to obey his will I did not fear death, to which Iexposed myself in such dangerous voyages ; that we needed two guides to put us on our way; these, inaking them a present, we begged them to grant us. This they did very civilly, and even proceeded to speak to us by a present, which was a mat to serve us on our voyage.
"The next day, which was the tenth of June, two Miamis whom they had given us as guides, embarked with us in the sight of a great crowd, who could not wonder enough to see seven Frenchmen, alone in two canoes, dare to undertake so hazardous an expedition.
"We knew that there was, three leagues from Maskoutens, a river emptying into the Mississippi. We knew, too, that the point of the compass we were to hold to reach it was the west-southwest, but the way is so cut np with marshes and little lakes that is easy to go astray, especially as the river leading to it is so covered with wild oats that you can hardly discover the channel ; hence we had need of two guides, who led us safely to portage of twenty-seven hundred paces and helped us transport our canoes to enter the river, after which they returned, leaving us alone in an unknown country in the hands of Providence."
30
FOUNTAIN AND WARREN COUNTIES, INDLIN.A.
'This portage has given us the name of Portage City, at which location it was, and is situated in Wisconsin, where the upper waters of Fox river, emptying into Green bay, approach the Wisconsin river, which, coming from the northwest, here changes its course to the southwest. The distance across this neck is a mile and a half, over the beautiful prairie above described by Marquette.
Marquette's journal continues: "We now leave the waters which fou to Quebec, a distance of about five hundred leagues, to follow those which will henceforth lead us into strange lands.
"Our route was southwest, and after sailing about thirty leagues we perceived a place which had all the appearances of an iron mine, and in fact one of our party who had seen some before averred that the one we had found was very rich and very good. After forty lagues on this same route we reached the mouth of the river, and finding ourselves at forty-two one-ball north, we safely entered the Mississippi on the 17th of june with a joy I can- not express.
"Having descended as far as forty one degrees and twenty-eight min- utes, in the same direction, we find that turkeys have taken the place of game, and pisikious [buffalo] or wild cattle that of other beasts.
"At last, on the 25th of June, we perceived font-prints of men, by the water sides, and a beaten path leading to some Indian village, and we ro- solved to go and reconnoiter; we accordingly left our two canoes in charge of our people, cautioning them to be aware of a surprise: then M. Jollyet and I undertook the rather hazardous discovery for two men, single and alone, who thus put themselves at the mercy of an unknown and barbarous people. We followed the little path in silence and going about two leagues we dis- covered a village on the banks of the river, and two others on the hill a league from the former. Then, indeed, we recommended ourselves to God with all our hearts, and having implored his help we passed on undiscovered, and came so near that we even heard the Indians talking. We then deemed it time to announce ourselves, as we did by a cry which we raised with all our strength, and then halted without advancing any farther. At this cry the Indians rushed out of their cabins, and having probably recognized us as French, especially seeing a black gown, or at least having no reason to dis- trust us, seeing we were but two and had made known. our coming, they deputed four old men to come and speak to us. Two carried tobacco pipes well adorned and trimmed with many kinds of feathers. They marched slowly, lifting their pipes toward the sun, as if offering them to it to smoke, but yet without uttering a single word. They were a long time coming the
3 1
FOUNTAIN AND WARREN COUNTIES, INDLIN 1.
little way from the village to ms. Having reached us at last they stopped to consider us attentively.
"I now took courage, seeing these ceremonies, which are used by then only with friends, and still more on seeing them covered with staff- which made me judge them to be allies. I therefore spoke to them first, and asked them who they were. They answered that they were Illinois, and in token of peace they presented their pipes to smoke. They then invitel us to their vil lage, where all the tribe awaited us with impatience. These pipes for smok- ing are called in this country calumets, a word that is so much in use that I hall be obliged to employ it in order to be understood, as I shall have to speak it frequently.
"At the door of the cabin in which we were to. le received was an old man awaiting us in a very remarkable posture, which is their usual cere- mony in receiving a stranger. This man was standing perfectly naked, with his hands stretched out and raised toward the sun, as if he wished to screen himself from its rays, which, nevertheless, passed through his fingers to his face. When we came near him he paid us this compliment How beautiful is the sun. O Frenchmen, when thou comest to visit us! All our town awaits thee and thou shalt enter into all our cabins in peace.' He then took us to his, where there was a crowd of people, who devoured us with their eyes, but kept a profound silence. We heard, however, these words ad- dressed to us occasionally : 'Well done, brother, to visit us.' As soon as we had taken our places in the cabin. they showed us the usual civilities, the pre- senting of the calumet. You must not refuse unless you would pass for an enciny, at least for being very impolite. It is enough, however, to pretend to smoke. While all the old men smoked after us to honor us, some came to in- vite us, on behalf of the great Sachem of the Illinois, to proceed to his town, where he wished to hold a council with us. We went with a good retinue, for all the people who had never seen a Frenchman among them could not tire looking at us ; they threw themselves on the grass near us by the wayside ; then ran ahead of us; they threw themselves in front of us, and turned back to look at us again. All this was done without noise, and with the marks of great respect and entertained us well.
"Having arrived at the great Sachemi's town, we espied him at his cabin door between two old men ; all three standing naked, with their calumets turned toward the sun. He harangued us in a few words to congratulate on our arrival, and then presented us. his calumet and made us smoke; at the same time we entered his cabin, where we received all their usual greetings. Seeing all assembled and in silence, I spoke to them by four presents which I
32
FOUNTAIN AND WARREN COUNTIES, INDIANA.
made them take. By the first. I said that we marched in peace to visit the nations on the river to the sea; by the second. I declared to them that God, their creator, had pity on them, since after having been so long ignorant of Him. He wished to become known to all nations; that I was sent on his be- half with this design: that it was for them to acknowledge and obey Him. by the third, that the great chief of the French informed them that he spread peace every where, and had overcome the Iroquois: Lastly, by the fourth, we begged them to give us all the information they had of the sea, and of all nations through which we should have to pass to reach it.
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