Plat book of Randolph County, Indiana : compiled from county records and actual surveys, Part 3

Author: North West Publishing Co
Publication date: 1909
Publisher: Des Moines, Iowa : Northwest Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 126


USA > Indiana > Randolph County > Plat book of Randolph County, Indiana : compiled from county records and actual surveys > Part 3


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4


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49-50


THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT SURVEYS.


Onthued from Reports and Instructions of 1. U. S. General Land Office.


+ Home jude surveys de controlled by several anteil points, and by


second pentrual meriam. In surveys are controlled by the sind, thard, and both grunpal merai. When by the birth pranegul meinland. Mhome sott by the both and titch principal mr. rabatt. For Dakotas by the little and single permispal an returns, aber by principal murali. Kitts, Nelraskt, ondt the gre tter portom wi Colorado and Wyonong by the sixth pompal meralin. Michigan by the Mielug in sternban. Ploredi by the f'ildriver meridian. Alt- Iran's by the Huntsville and St. Stephan moradias. Messosappi by the of the Mississippi River, by the St. Helens no salat, and in the west by the Louimann meridian. New Mexun by the New Mexico ht- ralian. Arismes by the tid and Salt River merukan. Urch by the Great Salt Like meralian. Newals by the Mount Dieblo murrells. lencho by the Boisr minhan. Montana by the Moutant mernfiatu. California by the Mommas Dieblo, the San Bernardino, and the Ham- Wollt meridian. Oregonand Washington by the Williamette meridian,


TOWNSHIPS AND RANGEL


Township lines are run east and west parallel with and six miles from the base line and from each other, and the spaces bersren the lines ture kuown as tinu-hips north or south, and designated by artar- In 's according to their umucrient distance from the base bue. Range hues are run north and south on a true meridian, six miles from an 1 smallel, as near a- may be, with the principal merulian, and the prices between them are known as ranges, and are described as cost of west vi the principal merkbau, and consecutively numbered trom that line, Diagram No, I, ou reverse pige, will illustrate the system of' num- bering town-luips and ranges, north and south and east and west from the principal meridians and base lines ; numbering est or west until they reach the west meridian, and forth or south until they reach the uext base line.


Thus, any certain township or range ean readily be found within the territory embraced by this system if the numbers of the same are known referring to principal meridian and base line.


The bodies of land six niles square, formed by the intersection of the township and range lines, are called


CONGRESSIONAL TOWNSHIPS,


and contain, as near as imay be, 23,040 acres. Congres-ionil town- ships are described and located as being north or south of the 'mse livre and east or west of the principal meridian from which that particu- lar survey is made. Thus township one north, range there west of the fifth principal merchan, would be the first township worth of the base line and in the third range west from the principal merrli.in. The how requires that the lines of the public surveys shall be governed by the true meridian, and that the townships shall be sic n'es equerre, two things involving, in connection, a mathematical impostiality, for, strictly to conform to the meridian necessarily throws the township out of square by renson of the convergency of the meridians, and heure, by adhering to the true merichan results the necessity of depart- ing from the strict requirements of law, as resprets the precise aren ut townships and the subdivisional parts thereof, the townships assuming something of a trapezoidal form, which inepadity develops itself more anul more ns such the higher the latitude of the surveys


For that reason standard- and ausibarw, which are also called ent- rection lines, and auxiliary or guur meridi ins are run freut Limite to Line, and are designated by number, and as north, south, va-t, or west, as the wise may be, from the ir respective base him and prim tal ne- rrlians ; parallels and auxiliarit's are now run at intervals of twenty- Fmir miles, dividing Ulv; country into tracts if' twenty-four miles square, or sixteen townsinje.


Congressional townships are subdivided into thirty six tracts, called


carl containing as near as may be stoners. The thirty six sections inst which a township is saldiruled are mouletol, conny nom; with nomaler og at the method angle of the tomushop, and theevening what to member wax, and the sve proceeding cast to number twelve, and An un, alb riste ly, until they mother thorty-aix m the southeast angh .


or delierenty in aria on the gorth att wist ude s of the townday,


Sections are disabi into wirten by strought lines con from the pos


.tr. wpling to their fattoa with a gud bu their common comer,


Lion corners and1 In tweet Uir quarter ratuers and the comoin centir of the section . ptin the last half made of the house- chong an Hu Bottling west board of a township, when they should be placed it twenty chans, proportionale measurement, to the north of west of the quarter weetion corner.


Fraction at sections and those continuing me andered rivers and lakes are also divided into It are lots, as most as may be ; these fractional lats are numbered front one upwards in each section. By in samma- Line of Thegrand No. 2, un covers page, and of the mesps on other pros of tius work, the careful student will bo enelded tu describe nr ine ter any piere of land, Numbers 1. 2-6 are the numbers at the mean- deres lots with areas shown : a, north quarter corner; b, east quarter corner; e, south quarter corner, and id, west quarter corner,


Proceeding down stream, the bank on the left brand is Lermed the "Irft bank" and that on the right hand the " right bank." These terius are Lo be universally used to distinguish the two banks of a river ur stre.m.


ILE-ESTABLISHMENT OF LOST CONNERS.


The original eurners, where they can be found, must stand as the true corners they were intended to represent, even though not exactly where strict professional caro might have placed them in the first iu- stance.


Missing corners should be re-established in the identical localities they originally orcupied. When the point cannot be determined by the existing landmarks in the field, resort must be had to the field notes of the origmal survey. The law provides that the lengths of the lines, as stated in the field notes, shall be considered as the true lengths thereof, and the distances between corners set down in the fell notes constitute proper data from which to determine the true locality of a missing cor- ner ; hence the rule that all such should be restored at distaners pro- portimate to the original measurements between existing original cor- users. That is, if' the measurement between two evoting corners dif- fers from that stated in the field notes, the excess or deficiency should be distributed proportionately among the intervening svetom lines be- tween the said existing corners standing in their original places. Mi --- ing corners on standard township and rauge Imer's should be restored hry proportionate muisurement between the nesnost existing orermal corners ou those lines. Missing section corners in the interior of town- ships should be re-established at proportionate distances between the nearest existing original corners north and south of the missing con rs. As has been observed, no existing original corner can be disturbed. and it will be plain that any excess or di ficicher ia measurements he- tween existing corners cannot in any degree affect the distinctes beyond sindl existing corners, but must be added or subtracted proportimately to or from the intervais embraceil between the corners which are still staniling.


OFFICIAL SUB-INVISIONS BY COUNTY OFFICIALS.


Varumis Stales require their county auditor, or recorders to cause a survey and plat of "irregular tracts" of lund to be made and pherd agro even when, for assessment purposes, the descriptions are too indefinite. These breme official, atul title will piss as the same ap- pers of record, by the number of each lut being given on the plate Drizram No. 3, on reverse page, shows a practical sululivisim of a section for assessment or other purposes, with a proper description of' enchi fractional part of the quarter section.


- METES AND BOUNDS.


In the Eastern and New England States the system of surveying and describing lands ly metes and bounds as followed prior to the istablish- ment of the rvelangular system of surveys still exists, The system at its best is imperfect and uncertain in its working, having no known Imes for base of surveys, and seldom any nibeial plats fur reterefers 15 to initial points. Tagram No. 1 shows a tract of land described and platted by "metes and bounds, " as the same would appear in deeds.


STANDARD TIME.


What is known as the " new standard time, " was adopted by agrec- most of all the principal current the United statesat lee's fork, num, on Nov, 14, 15%). The system divides the Continent into five Three marrulians are biffeen degrees of longitude, cortexpentling In one hour of time, aput,


Intern Mamie, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia use the fifth ginis, and the i aruhuss use the i ath me ralian, which is that al l'h.l .- ch lpdat; the Shit, of the Mistripp Valley, Alabama, brerga. Plans, and westward, soloding Texas, Kansas, and the larger port N.w Thbans ; thn Perilares to the western harder of Arizona and Mint me ue the Đình ba rohim, which is that of lxuver; and the


A to seller passing fre ia um fuit to anella e will food his watch one .no. I traveling w -ward, his watch want to one hour faster ; ifeel- wild! Inand, if will be our bour slower than the In It which he cate P's.


ularad, and rienived tlwit apptosn'.


Čonedluk moured by W. s. Baywa the


The present system of surveying Government lands, Damit .


in the Western Territory." and af rod dy nel ange pas


in mente dePuls, With a low unimportant chungs, it his been ado, til Is the Dequien of Canada. The ordinare provided for towi region enbrand by the surveys under this has farm a part of ,' present state of China, and is usually styled * Đạt wayen Hinges." The township-, six makes square, were find out in ranges estimating north- wird frous the Chin River, the Jautrchips In ing umuwherei fnna - uth to north, and the ringy. from east in west. Ju these itttial aufv. s. only the web rior fines of the town laps were surveyed. nul andle corders were established on the los uslup hues, but the plats were worked in bored from one to thirty-six, coma neing with number one m tipos - must corner of the township, and running from santa to north in aute tier lo number thurty-six in the north wat emner of the town-taip. Thise tirst public surveys were made under the directum of th . Geugendur of the United States.


The act of Congress approved May 18, 19, provided for the appoint- meut of' a surveyor-general, atul directed the survey of the Lunis worth- west of the Ohio River and above the mouth of the Kentucky Hiv. r. "in which the tith> of the Indian trilx- have been extinguished." Under this law one-half of the townships surveyed, were sullivaled foto sections "by running through the samo, each way, parallel lines at the end of every two miles, and by making a corner on each of - ud lines at the end of every mile, " and is further provided that " the spy- tions shall be numbered, respwetively, beginning with the unmber one io the northeast section, and proceeding west and cast alternateh. through the township, with progressive numbers till the thirty-sixth In completed." This method of nu niwring the sections is still in use, and cau be seen by reference to Diagrun No. 2. on reverse p.121.


The act of Congress, approve.l Fornary 11, 1-05, direcis the stiud :- vision of the pubhe lands into quarter sections, and prin ddles that all the corners marked in the publie surveys shall be established as the proper corners of sections or subilivisions of sections winch they were intended to designate, amit that corners of half and quarter set tion ant marked sball be placed as nearly as possible "equidistant from those two corner, which stand on the same line.""


The ac. of Congress, approved Ap.1 27, 1412, provided . . That there shall be established in the Department of the Treasury an office to be denominated the General Land Off , tlw chief officer of which shall be called the Commissioner of the feueral Landt Office, whose duty it shall be, under the direction of the head of the department, to superin- teod, execute, and perforin all such acts and things touchit; or respect- ing the public lands of the United States and other latnis patented or granted by the United States, as have heretofore been directed by law to be done or performed in the office of the Secretary of State, of the Secretary and Register of the Treasury, and of the Secretary of War, or which shall hereafter by law be a -- gaud to the said office. "


"The act of Congress, approval July 4, 14%, provided for the reorgani- zation of the General Land Offer, nul that the executive dutus of -nul office " shall be subject to the supervision and control of the commi -- sioner of the General Land Office under the direction of the President of the United States. " The repealing clau-e is, " That such provisions of the act of the twenty-fifth of April, in the year one thousand eight hundred and twelve, entitled 'An act for the establishment of a Gene- ral Land Offee in the Department of the Treasury,' anul of all act, amendatory thereof as are inconsistent with the provisions of this act, be and the same are herchy repealed."


From the wording of this act, it would appear that the control of the General Land Office was removed from the Tecasury Department, and that the Cominis-ioner reported directly to the P'resident ; but as a m.it- ter of fact the Secretary of the Treasury still had supervisory contra. for the art of Congress, approved Murch 3, 1519, by which the Ph part- ment of the Interior was established, provided " That the suretary of the Interior shall perform all the duties in relation to the fryeral Land Ofice, of supervision and appeal, now dochung I by the secretary of the Treasury." By this art the General Lind Office was transferred to the Department of the Interior, where it still remains,


THE RECTANGULAR SYSTEM OF SURVEY4.


The public linds of the United States are ordinarily surveyed into portangular ir tets boumaled by lin . conforming to the randomil junuit -. The principel lines are designated as meridian, far, town-lap, rune and seetion lines, and the bodes of land thus birmed ar kinwyn #4 transchips, wetrust, and lots. The first recorded war of the letter "township, " and "Action," as anteed to the pmthe I als of the United States is in an online reported to Congress Apr 2, 175. In Diagram No. 2, representing an entire township, euch "section" and " bt" is plainly indicated.


Initial points from which the inas of the jobdie surveys are to be extended must be r-bddi-bed wtu mir m ... . wiry mehr such -jp iti Instruction- av m y la preserite 1 me ph eine by the L'omtra- power of the General Land Onfer. The Boys of such hubal pants must be 4. le-tot with greet rare and die mas culin for the protitener and easy identification, and must be volebched aste manu ale. The me-


.


IIT


theirtuin writ


Hi to the bird


uch petitionmers the Ti vieners hange of such public utility


All lughways of twenty years width, respect- highway stal: the living out ard of commis- nshighwaysas d, an-1 such as be ascertaineil. Dard shall be on onnty, of which ac places alung which such peti- 2 and est.d .- li less than thirty o a line dividing taken from the


ned, altered or more than ore provided in this


1 road, or part inner prescribed


low paid.) The account of the thereof also the s or such part DE equitable under upon such road or according to tu an agreement wherein any קני reby sind hoards ents as may be wwnshp trustees suc. The county for the purpose verein set forth,


adopting the as ublish butice for ral circulation 10 rad that the sa ne or the inspection


'hen the assess- Tali be complete Is n7s of this act y erimissinners ssigners shall be


mit roads, etc


S.


2,


1


---


ST. LAWRENCE


NORTH EAST.


TERRITORY


PRINI & DWARII


ILANH


NEW


R


BRUNSWI"


1


Queher y


1


1


F


U


MAINE


1


Hangar C


Houtrout


Augusta


30


Ottawa


Hartland


Hour


Concord


A


Bostun


410 ..


Toronto


LAKE ONTARIO


Spracuir


NAWyfu HUSETIS


Cape Cod.


NEW


Albany


"hartford S


Thewuert


frundenre


1.ansing


LAKE


Eme


PENSYL VAN


JEHSŁY


Nibd


0


O


Fulumbns


VIRGINI


WASHINGTON


Charleston


Cape Charles


KENTUCKY


Raleigh


Cape Hatteras


ORTH CAROLINA


I


NE


sofr TH


T


CAROLATA


Thurte' (nn


-


Witamale'S Port Rapel


51-52


.1. DIACRAM Showing traction part of Section deserphed by Meios and Bounds"


Showing Wirral Pla Surveyors with the fit fractional Lots where


track


ROAD


EASTERN STANDARD TIME


INTERCOLONIAL STANDARD TIME


18


BE


St Tulu


VILOOS VAOK


HE


YORK


-


F


Bulinto


ARTE


ton


Barrisburch


Rettianti Cely


Industrie -


from Mer LINE


WES


-


VIR


0


T


dujach be the turmer cost in


-


KAKI.


51-52


יו


DIAGRAM


Stuwing fractional part of Section deserstedt In' Metes amt Bounds"


DIAGRAM


Marthard Quarter of La


Srlon !! in


Township M North of WAR'


(.) showing the


Fifth Pracyad Heredhard


PRINCIPAL MERIDIANS AND BASE LINES IN THE ". UNITED STATES Governing U.S. Surveys also Showing the BELTS OF STANDARD TIME.




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