USA > Indiana > Hendricks County > Standard atlas of Hendricks County, Indiana: incl. a plat book of the villages, cities and townships patrons directory 1904 > Part 3
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JOHN E VESTAL Counts Treasurer
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MR. AND MRS H J SALLEE.
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REV. AND MICS W M BENSON
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MR AND MRS. I # PALMER.
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PAGE 39 Department
DAVID D MILLS County Auditor
E E YORK Supt Indians ftrfarm School for Has. Plainteld.
W. H LINES (Junior Member E. P Lines & Son Prot- Maple Grove Stock Farm. Dans 11 .
MR AND MRS BENJAMIN A HERON Increased
P. W WAIDAHAPUH
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Emery Alin rison, C'. M. Hobbs, Brblg's INIEL
Mit. AND Mit- It W BLAKE
Portrait
JAMES D PRATT.
J M WILL>
HON. WM B VESTAL
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WILLIAM O HOADLEY
ISAAC W POSTER
SAMURL. JANES
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R. A LIMOND'UN
JEHU > HADLEY
JAMES M TISCHER
WILLIAM TINU HER
FIHAS RENDALL
PAGE 61 Department
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M & GLIDEWELL.
N' B THOMAS M. D
HARRY SANDERS
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F.I.HIRI M MORPHIS
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UNITED STATES LAND SURVEYS.
ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM F UNITED STATES LAND SURVEYS COPYRI DET. 1050.
METES AND BOUNDS.
P to the time of the Revolutionary War, or until about the beginning of the present centos, land, when patrolled out, and sold or granted, was described by " Metes and Brands," and that system is still in existeque m the following cates, Of 10 those portions of them which had been sold or granted when the present plan of survers was adopted, MIZ : New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia. North and South Carolina, Gear_6. Tumesser, Kentucky, Texas. and the six New England States. "To deserie land by .. Metrs and Bounds, " is to have a known ke ;- mark for a plaire of fremming. and then follow a bne perording to the comptes-herdir (or magnetic bearing), or the course of a stream, or track of an ancient high- way. This pdan has resulted in endless confusion and litigation, as land-marks decay and change, and it is a well-known fact that the compass-neelle varies and does not always point due North.
As an example of this plan of divouing lails, the following description of a farm land out by " Mutes and Bounds," is given: " Beginning at a stone in the Bank of Doe River, at a point where the highway from A. to B. cross said river (see pont marked t. on Diagram 1); thence 109 North of West log pads to a large starup; theme. In North of West ! r .Is; thence 15" West of North so rods to an oak tree tave Witness Tree in Diagram In thenve dne Hast Jon woods to the highway; t cher following the course of the highway 50 rods dur North; thener 29 North of East DO rods; theree 45" East of South Get route; 1! nee 10º North of East Bull rods to the Due Riser: thebee following the course of the river Southwesterly to the jowe of beginning " This, which is a very simple and moderate description by .. Metes and Bommels," would leave the boundaries of the farm as shown in Diagram 1. .
DIAGRAM I.
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INDER
RIPLANATION
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MERIDIANS AND BASE LINES. DIAGRAM 2.
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Scale of Miles.
appears to all other Principal Mercians and their For Lines. Commebeing at the Principal Merahan, at inter- sale of mix miles, lines . ro rin Northand South, para.el to the Meralian, This p sh 14 followed luth East and West of the Marilin thto ghunt the territory oncallof by the Moralinni,
& LT, IN THE USBILL OF THE LIDAMIAN DI CON NESHAT WASHINGTON D. C
Sa, IN
T HE present system of Governmental Land Surveys was adopted by Con- gress on the 7th of Muy, 1785. It has been in use ever since and is the legal method of describing and dividing lands. It is called the + Rectangular Syster ." that is, all its distances am! bearings are measured frum" two lines which are at right angles to enel otlier, viz. :-. These two lines, from wh. h the measurements are nive, are the Principal Meridianis, which run North and South, and the Base Lines, which run East and West. The-e Principal Meridians are es- tablished, with great aocu- racy. by astronomical obser- Vations. Each Principal Meridian has its Base Lire, and these two linesform the basis or foundation for the surveys or measurement of all the lands within the t. r- ritory which they control.
Diagram 2 shows all of the Principal Meridiansand B .sc Lines in the central port:ot of the United States, a'nl from it the territory gos- erned by each Meridian att Paw Line may be readily distinguished. Each Wer dt ian and Base Line is marked with ita proper number or nan,e, as are also the Stand- ard Parallels and guide tor an erimary) Morihans,
Diagram 3 illustrates what is meant when this method is termed the " Rectanen'ar Syst m," and how the me .. s- urements are based on hires winen ron at right angle- to each other. The heavy line rumang North and Sus th (marked A. 1.) represents the Principal Meridian, in thisfare Bus the5th Principal Merphan. The heavy line runt'ng East and West (markedl B. B. ) 14 the Ber Lite. There fines are used 14 the starting points of basis of all meusnrenments ur sur- veys made in territory con- troller by the 5th Principal
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UNITED STATES LAND SURVEYS.
sinon 18 called a Range. Hanges are number from one med, come cing at the Menn; and the numbers are undused by lin rs. Før tustaner. the first division for href sty nuiesy west of the Merubin , Bange I, We: the mu \; 1, Ringe IL, West; then comes Range III , beret, the words Hast or West being als is used to imitate the direction to the Boneand Mention, Se Pagan .. morning at the Bas lane, at intervals of six miles, Imesare run Fast and West parallel with the Base b. 30. These are designated as Township They divide the band into straps or divisions et males wide, extending Fast and West, parallel with the Base Late. This plan is followed both and South of the Base Line and the territory governed by another Principat Monday and Base Line is realel. These divisionser Townships ale ed from one apsard. both Nach and South at the Base Low, and their numbers and indicated by tignies. For Just mee ; The best si mile division ( the Base lane is Township & North ; the Best i- Townstop! North ; then comes Townships, 1, 8, and to North, and so on. The same plan is ( South of the Base Lane; the Townships bring designated as Township & South, Township ! South, and so on. The " North" or "South " (the N. or S. being generally usedl oulicates the dueet on troin the Base Line. Ser Pilgram 3. ese Township and Range lanes, crossing each other. is shown in Diagram di, form squares, which are called "Townships" or " Government Tos tiships," Fre six mules square, or as nearly that as it is perethis to make them. These Townships are a very important tou are in lavading or describing a parer "The location of a Government Township, however, is very readily found when the number of the lawtaip and Rimer is given, by merely g the unmber indicated from the Base Livand Prenat Mandian. As an example of this, Townships North, Katze 4. West of the Fish Pourupat a, is at once located on the square marked A on baggins, los counting right there north of the Base Jane and boots Best of the Meridian.
OWNSHIPS OF LAND.
TOWNSHIP'S are the larger sub- D divisions of land ritu out by the United States Surveyors. In the Governmental Surveys Township ire the first to be run, and a Township , is established every six uules and 1. This is called "Townshipping." he Township Corners have bei ti cale. cateil, the Section and Quarter Section gare established. Each Township ts les square and contains 23,040 acres, quare miles, as near as it is possible ke them. This. however, is fre- y made impossible br: (Ist) the pres- I lakes and large streams; (and) by boundaries not falling exactly on hip Lines ; (3rd) by the convergence ridiaos or curvature of the earth's e; and (4th) by inaccurate surveys. ch Township, unless it is one of the ional cases referred to, is divided 6 squares, which are called Sections, Sections are intended to be one or 320 rods, square and contain 640) of land. Sections are numbered :atively from 1 to 36, as shown on am 4. Beginning with Section 1 in fortheast Corner, they run West to n East to 13, then West to 18, and , back and forth, until they end with on 36 in the Southeast Corner.
iagram 4 shows a plat of a Township is divided and platted by the govern- surveyors. "These Townships are 1 Government Towuships or Congres- I Townships, to distinguish them from Townships or organized Townships, quently the lines of organized Town- do not conform to the Government iship lines.
SECTIONS OF LAND.
TAGRAM 5 illustrates how a section may be subdivaled, although the 139 6 R. Diagram only gives a few of the (43 # -- many suhdivisions into which a - on may be divided. All Sections ept fractional Sections) are supposed to be 210 rods, or one mute, square and therefore Bin 640 acres-a number easily divisible. Sections are subdivided into fractional parts to sinit convenience of the owners of the land. A half section contams Sso artes: a quarter-section ains 160 acres; half of a quarter contains su acres, and quarter ut a quarter contains to aires, so on. Each piece of laid is descritid according to the portion of the section which it races-as the Northeast quarter of Ser zh 10; or the Southeast quarter of the Southeast ter of Section 10. Diagram 5 shows how many of these suthvisions are platted, and also vs the plan of designating and describing them by initial letters as each parcel of land on the gram is marked with its description.
As has already been stated, all wetions fexcept Fractional Sections which are explained else- re) are supposed to contain 640 aeres, and even though mistakes have been made in surveying, s frequently the rage, making sections larger or smaller than of0 acres, the Auxvernment recog- s no variation, but selis or granta rach regular seetion as containing 4 40 aeres ** more or le ... " The Government Surveyor+ are not required to sedivide sections of running lhes within n, but they usually establish Quarter Posts on Sertan Lines on rath bule of a section at the ita marked A. B. C. and D. on Diagram 5. After establishing Township corners, Section Lines are the next to be run, aml sertion rur- arra aty estavibed. When they are can fully DIAGRAM 5. Inomol the Quarter Po-tv are located at pointsas war . equi-tant between Sertion Corners as postle. ''Th. 4e corners when established by Government Surveyorscannot be changed, rien though it is conchisnels shown that mistakes have been made whirs con some sections for quarter -retoma to be rather larger or smaller N. E. 1/4 than others. The laws, however, of all the Stades provide pertam rules for locul surveyors to follow in dividing Sections into smaller pare la of land than has been outlined in the 10 Governmental surveys, For instance, in david- 160 A. ing a quarter sertion into two parels, the dis- N. 1/2 of S. E. 1,4 amer between the Government Corners is care- fully measured atel the hew pont is located at a 80 A. pontot respondes ent between them. This plan is falls, and is running out "eighties," " fortes." N W. 1,2 320 ACRES. S. E. 44 "twintig," mr. In this way, if the lesern- triHE divisjon overrans or falls short, each of S. E. portion gast of love the proportion. This in hot there are, However, with Fraction So . trong * BURDIVIDING A SECTION. slunce the North ar West sale of a Township, it paring a lake or large stre in.
DIAGRAM 4
100
100 R,
03 A.
I R.
O A.
R
84 A.
U2 A.
CO A
70 A
EUW SLUTS VOLTE
.
FRACTIONAL PIECES OF LAND.
& ONGRESSIONAL Townships vary considerably as to size and boundaries. Mistakes made in surveying and the fuet that Meridians converge as they run North canse every Township to vary more or less from the 23.040 acres which a perfect Township would contain. See Diagram 4. In arranging a Township into Sections all the surplus or deficiency of land ia given to, or taken from, the North and West tiers of Sections. In other words. all Sections in the Township are made full- 640 acres-except those on the North und West, which are given all the land that is left after forming the orher 25 Sections.
Diagram 4 illustrates how the surplus or deficiency is distributed and the Sections it affects. It will be seen that Sections 1, 2. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18. 19, 30 and 31, are the "Fractional Sections." or the Sections which are affected if the Township overruns or falls short. Inside of these Fractional Sections, all of the surplus or deficiency of land (over or under ('iu acres) is carried to the " forties" or " eighties" that touch the Township Line. These pieces of latul are called "Fractional Forties" or " Fractional Eighties." as the case may be. Diagrams 4 and 6 show the manner of marking the acrenge and outlining the boundaries of these " Fractions."
Diagram 6 illustrates how the eurplus or deficieties of land inside of these Sections is distributed and which "forties"or "eighties" it affects. From thus arrangement it will be seen that in any Section that touches the North or West Township Ianes, the Southeast Quarter may be full-100 avere-while another quarter of the same Section may be much larger or smaller. Frequently these fractional "fortire" or "eighties" are lotted as shown in Diagram G. They are always describe ias fractional tructs of land, as the "fractional h. W. + of Section 6, "etc. Of course those portions of these Sections which are fint affected by these variations are described in the usual manner-as Nor theast + of section 5. As a rule Townships are narrower at the North than at the South side. The Meridians of Longitude (which run North and South) converge as they run North at South from the Equator. They begin at the Equator with a definite width between them and gradually converge until they ad av et at the poles. Now, as the Jango linesare zan North and South, it will at unee le seen that the convergence of Meruhaus will cause every { ofgre sional Township (North of the konat ar) to be narrower at its North tuan at its South side. as stated. See Ihayran In adilitien to t! H fact, mistakes of miensurement are constantly and almost unavoidably made
DIAGRAM 6.
LOF 3.
LOT 1.
=
85
83
80.6
62 AC.
ACRES.
ACRES.
ACRES.
13 R.
40
=
SO ACRES.
29 AC.
ACRES. 7
100 luks
for 4.
#32 AC.
Lor 7.
80 ACRES.
160 Binks
4 37 AC.
160 fd-
PLAT OF A FRACTIONAL SECTION,
+ in running both Townshipand Range hans, and if an not starting points were estaldished the lines would become confus ) and unrehadde, and the size and hap. of Townshipa materially atteved by the time the surveys had extended even a hundred miles from the Base Line und Princi- fral Moruhan. In order to correct the marvels and variations rubbed by the difference of latitude and straighten the linea. "Correction Lines" for Cade Meridians and Standard Paral pi-fare established st frequent interv df4, b-nally as follows: North of the Bar Line a Correction line it run E. t and West parallel with the Base Line, Hanally every twenty-four holes. South of the Ban Lina Correction Linessusually + -1abh-hed every thirty miles. Both Fit und We- of the Principal Meridian "Uneaction faites" are usually estahh-hind every 14 miles, All Correction James are located by careful measurement, and the Nur- Feeding bursahe arg haned upon
DIAGHIAM 3
.
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.
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TO ... U.P.
6
6
4
3
2
82 9.
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8
8
7 8.
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04 R
18
17
18
15
14
18
100 B A.
35 A
2 . 24
19
20
2
22
2
TIMBER
113 4 A
10
.
122.6 9.
29
28
27
26
26
-30
126 R,
120 4 R.
132 6 A
136.2 A.
31
32
33
34
36
38
23
10
- 11 .
12
Ird .
*
.
160 ACRES.
52525252725
ENTERED A COMOIN . TO A T OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR 1829, BIY . FOR A GOLE & CO . IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONINTESS AT WASHINGTON, D. C.
SUPPLEMENT 10.
DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM
CIVIL GOVERNMENT,
WILH & REVIEW OF I'NE
DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE PRINCIPAL OFFICIALS CONNECTED WITH THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF NATIONAL, STATE, COUNTY AND TOWNSINY GOVERNMENT.
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.
T HE GOVERNMENT of the Umted State's is one of linnteil and specific powers, strictly outlined and defined by a written con- stitution. The constitution was adopted in its;, and, with the amendutents that have siice loin made, it forins the basis of the entire filrid of governowat under which we live. The constitution created three distinct branches of government, each of Bluch is entirely separate and distant from the others. I'mny are the executive, legislative and judicial departments The constitulion site- cifically vests the executive power in the Presuluat, but all members of the cabinet are usttally elisaed with the ryecutive department; the legislative power is held by Congress, and the jinheis; authority is vested in the Supreuie Court and various other courts which Congress has provided for in pursu see of the provisions of the constitution
It has byen the aun of these pages to exp.um each of these different branches of government, and to briefly review the duties and powers of the principal officials connected with e ich department
The President and Vice-President are elected In popular vote, but the vote of each State is separate, so that a cindidate thiy have a lange majority of the aggregate popular vote of the country aml yet fail to be elected. The Presidential election is hell on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, when Presidential electors are chosen in and for the various States, each State having as many electors as it has rejt- resentatives in both branches of Congress. The electors are chosen by the ballots of the people of their States, and all the electors of a State constitute an electoral college. The electors meet in each State at the capital on the first Wednesday in December following a National eler- tion and vote for Presulent and Vice- President, certificates of which are forwarded to the President of the Senate, at Waslnugton, who, ou the secondl Wednesday in February opens the certificates and counts tbe votes in the presence of both Houses of Congress and declares the result; and the final step is the inauguration, which takes place on the 4th of March. The law provides that if neither of the candidates have a major- ity then the House of Representatives shall elect a l'resident frout the three candidates receiving the highest electoral vote. In elections of this kind each State is entitled to only one vote, and two-thirds of the States form a quorum.
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
The President is the highest executive officer of the United States. He is elected for the tertn of four years, and receives a salary of $50,000. per annum. He must be thirty- five years old or more, and a native- born citizen of the United States. The President is charged with a general supervision over the faithful execution of laws passed by Congress, and has supervision over all executive departments of the government. He appoints a Cabinet of eight officials who become the heads of the various departments, and these departments are intended to he managed anil conducted as the President directs. The President is Commander-in- Chief of the Army and Navy. He has power to grant pardons and re- prieves for all offenses against the United States, except in cases of fin. peachment ; has power, with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties. He nominates, and with the advise and consent ot the Senate, appoints Ambassadors and other public Ministers and Consuls, all Juilges of the United states courts, and all other executive officers of the I'nited States, except in such cases where the appointments may be vested in the various "departments." When the Senate is not in session he can appoint, subject to its action when it reassembles. He has power, in certain extraordinary occasions, to call together both Houses of Congress, or either of them, in extra session ; and is required from time to titne to communicate with Congress, as to the state of the I'mion, and offer such suggestions or recommendations as he may deem proper. He is empowerel to approve or weto all measures adopted by Congress. but it is provwled that any measure may be passed over his veto by a two-thirds vote of Congress.
The President consults frequently with his Cabinet, and nearly all important official matters are discussed by that hody. In case the office of Presulent becomes vacant through the death, removal or resignation of the incumbent, the law provules that the office shall in turn he fillerl by the Vice-President, Secretary of State, and other Cabinet Ministers in regular order.
VICE- PRESIDENT
The Vice-President of the I'mited States is elected for the terms of ! and linl'in Bureaus,
four years, and rerenses a salary not Siger In case of the death, re- moval or resignation of the l'resident, the Vice-President succeeds him. ! Department, each of whom receives a salary of &1,400 per year, and is The chief duty of the Vice-President is to art as the presiding officer of ; allowed a deputy at avlary of 22Si per annum, one auditor takes an equal division of the members of that holly. The Vice-President ad- of the revenue and disbursements, appropriations and expenditures on
the Senate. He has no vote in the Senate, except in cases of a tie, for ministers the nath of office to the. Senators.
STATE DEPARTMENT.
The head of this Jepirtment is the Secretary of State, who is ap- printed by the President as a member of the Cabinet, and receivesa Salary of four per year. The how proveles that in caw the nlive of President becomes vacant through the death, romansal or resignation of birth the l'resident and Vice-I'ne sident, the artretaty of State assunis the duties of the Presider v The Secretary of State may be said to be thur offroal So ret try of the Presplent, and counter-tigos all commissions issued by the Presplent
The Secretary of the is the head of the IN partement of State and is the chu findenmatie offear of the P'inte .I State. In los department am
Ministers frente the I united States, for tos mistede chedes with Ministe is Intothe foreign paiblir Monsters, of citizens of this country in forcran lands, nr tomjon ctions arising the re tretn The Secret ory of St ile alse hi. charge nfl other business connected with foreign ders, extraction matters
the great work of performing and warm 2 for the duties inthned que the Following boreaus:
The Diplomatic Bureau, which looks after the affairs pertoning to
The Consular Bureau, corre godal mer cole mesures. The Bureau of Indexis and Archives, de datas al which are tu Open the office mal mares, fre gatte its abstract ed the daily corre spatule ner and an index ed it, and superintenel miserflane ous wark nf de partinin.
The Bureau of Accounts, m whin h all of the financesut the dejotrt. ment are leather atter. suela as the erstals and disasement of pre- gentile, at sind aunty trees and les es; also care of the handling And property of the department, ste. The Bureau of Rolly and Library, which is thu 'ed with the cha.
The Bureau of Statistics, lot the jnepetration of fupoortson Center. cual relations.
tiens to the se there are connected with the State Department the others
clerk, $1,400, Bu ades these there are the various comptrollers, audit- is, clerks ar I assistants, which number well up suto the thousands.
This department was organized in list. The land of this depart- ment, known as the Secretary of the Ited. . rv. is appointed by the I'ne <- wtent, is a member of the Cabinet, and receive's a sdary ut $5400 per The Treasury Department is one of the met important Inanches of the nationa! government, as it hay charge of the he metal il.Brsont the government, custos of jaibac bonds, reflectum of revenue and man ten mer of jailsie rtedit. Among the many important dunes involving upon ilus department are the le owings it attends tothe cal- . ction of all interuai res enues and dutes on muquels, and the fteven- soit of Brands in these departments. All claus and demands. einer by the D'uned Status or against them, and all the accounts in which the Umted States are miterested, either as debtors or creditors, must be set- ted and adposted in the Treasury Department This departnie: t also includes the Bureau of the Mint, in which the government com atul minteys are manufactured. The Treasury Department author,es the argam wwout of national banks and has supervision over there; has charge of the coast surveys, the fighthunses, marine hospitals, etc. It has charge of a'l moneys helmging to the Cited States; des.znates depositories of public moness, keeps a complete and accurate system ut accounting, showing the receipts and thishursements of the Treasury. and makes reports at stated intervals showing the condition of public finances, public expenditures and the public debt.
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