USA > Indiana > The war purse of Indiana; the five liberty loans and war savings and thrift campaigns in Indiana during the world war > Part 21
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At the conference Mr. Oliver announced that about $55,- 000,000 of Indiana's $58,323,860 quota had been taken in sales and pledges. In a full page appeal to the state in the same Bulletin the state committee declared that: "If your county is one of the slackers-no other word so plainly expresses the idea-you have a big job ahead, but with real fighting spirit, and a fighting organization, you can go over in a whirlwind campaign. Put on the Victory drive-make the slogan of your campaign 'Volunteer for Victory'. Make it clear this is a Volunteer effort-but there will be a Board of Review and the Board will not let any person of means es- cape with less than a Limit Subscription. We have sales and advertising plans worked out for the Victory drive-but the details must fit each county in which the campaign is waged. Finally, all pledges must be redeemed. To accomplish this there is to be a nation-wide 'Honor Week'. You are expected to hook up this effort with the situation in your county."+1
On November 4th the state committee printed a list of the counties in the state that had sold only ten dollars or less per capita in War Savings. The counties were: Brown, Jasper, Lawrence, Pike, Starke, Clay, Lake, Parke, Spencer, Vigo and. Warren. "Some are large and some are small-there is no distinction on that score", said the Bulletin. "No, the chances are that in these counties War Savings have not been pushed -this is speaking plainly, but certainly now is the time to look at facts squarely. What are these counties going to do about it? The record will rest against the county-the black mark of failure will stand long after the names of the ones
41. Ibid. Vol. 1, No. 44, November 4, 1918,
219
THE WAR PURSE OF INDIANA
responsible have been forgotten. There is still time to get by, but nothing less than a smashing Victory drive will do it."42
Hammering at the "ten per cent. or less counties" kept up throughout the month of November, for on November 2d the total sales in the state had reached only $42,538,116.25, or a per capita of $14.58. Meetings were being held in some coun- ties early in that month to which representative, well-to-do citizens were invited. Attempts were made to pledge each of these citizens to be personally responsible for the limit in War Savings stamps-$1,000. This plan resulted in sending at least one county "over the top" in the Third District.43
On November 9th, two days before the Armistice, Indiana had actually sold War Savings securities to the amount of $44,372,632, and had exceeded the $15 mark in per capita sales with $15.18. And it was announced on November 18th, that up to October 1st, Indiana stood sixth in the Nation, with Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, Oregon and Kansas the only states ahead of her. At that time nearly eight dollars for every individual in the United States had been collected ac- cording to reports from national headquarters, or a total of more than $800,000,000. The announcement also said that sales were going forward at the rate of $100,000,000 a month. The signing of the Armistice undoubtedly caused a "let up" in many counties in sales of the stamps, yet in other instances the thankfulness of the people generally, over the closing of the war, resulted in further purchases of the securities, and perhaps more often, in the redemption of the pledges made in June.
The week following the signing of the Armistice, the W. S. S. Bulletin (November 18th) on its front page shouted to the public in Indiana, "Give Thanks! Buy Stamps. Make Thanksgiving Week a real, honest-to-goodness Victory Week for Indiana. The old Hoosier state-doing better than many other states-is still a laggard in War Savings. Until we have sold our quota in W. S. S. there is a blot on our record. Let us "come through" in War Savings! Let us make it a clean sweep by Thanksgiving. Give Thanks! Buy Stamps!"
On November 25th, seventeen Indiana counties had sold in War Savings stamps $20 or more per capita. Eight had sold more than $19 per capita; eight had sold more than $18; eight
42. Ibid. Vol. 1, No. 44, Nov. 4, 1918.
43. Ibid. Vol. 1, No. 45, Nov. 11, 1918.
220
INDIANA WORLD WAR RECORDS
had sold more than $17; four more than $16; and seventeen more than $15. Johnson County still was leading the state with per capita sales of $26, and Fayette County was second with $25. Spencer County was trailing at the end of the ninety-two counties with per capita sales of $6.84; Starke County had sold but $7.44; Lawrence County had sold but $7.98; Brown County had sold but $8.20, and Lake County with a quota of $2,917,820 had sold only $8.66 per capita, or a total sale of $1,265,890.25. Declaring that the War Savings campaign was of even increasing importance with the com- ing of peace, Director Oliver issued a statement late in No- vember urging War Savings workers to continue their efforts with even greater enthusiasm. "With the tremendous obliga- tion of demobilization and reconstruction, it is urgent that every American citizen practice conservation to the utmost and make permanent the thrift habit which has been devel- oped in the past year by the War Savings campaign."44
On December 9th the fight was still being kept up to put Indiana "over the top". "Hoosiers!" said the appeal, "our war work is not done. Fighting has ceased, but we shall not be through with war until: Peace is permanently established ; our army is brought back and demobilized; all war bills have been paid, and normal industrial conditions have been estab- lished. Therefore, it is just as imperative that we sacrifice and save today as when hostilities were in progress. The United States faces a tremendous, appalling obligation. Hungry nations will have to be fed, shell-torn and burned cities and towns will have to be rebuilt, broken spirits and bodies repaired. The United States will have to help do it. We shall have to loan the money for reconstruction. In the name of all that is financially sound and humanly sensible, save on! Save now! Buy W. S. S."45
On December 14th the state's total had risen to $48,167,015, or a per capita of $16.50. The United States Treasury sent an appeal to Indiana headquarters urging that every pledge be redeemed. The Treasury department authorized an an- nouncement in the closing days of 1918, that from January 1 to January 10, 1919, banks would receive War Savings Cer- tificate stamps, Series of 1918, for collection or for exchange of the same for War Savings Certificate stamps, Series of
44. Ibid. Vol. 1, No. 51, December 23, 1918.
45. Ibid. Vol. 1, No. 49, December 9, 1918.
221
THE WAR PURSE OF INDIANA
1919, and United States Thrift stamps, with cash adjust- ments. 46
The last appeal of the year said :
"The End of the Year! The heading of this little article hasn't a very enthusiastic ring-and, yet it just about states the War Savings case in Indiana. When the returns are all in for the year Indiana will doubtless be shown as one of the leading states east of the Mississippi-in point of sales. But, such a record does not justify enthusiasm. Nothing short of reaching the maximum-placing Indiana 'over the top' in W. S. S. would call for Hoosier applause. As the situation rests even Indiana may well feel that the state has not meas- ured up to its best in every war activity."47
Thirty-six counties at the close of the year still were be- hind their quota. The inroads the influenza epidemic of 1918 had made in War Savings work were referred to by officials at the close of the year as one of the reasons for In- diana's failure.
Results of 1918 W. S. S. Campaign
A summary of the results in the W. S. S. campaigns in In- diana for the year 1918 stated that while Indiana did not go 'over the top' in War Savings, a record was made which would compare favorably with that of any of the other states. The total sales per capita during the year were $17.74-a signifi- cant figure when compared with the per capitas of other states. The summary of the state's work showed that In- diana's total sales were bona fide, whereas several of the states that had reported that they were 'over the top' along in No- vember, soon after the Armistice was signed discovered that they were 'over' simply in pledges, and many of those pledges had not been made good.
In referring to the effect which the signing of the Armistice had, and the influenza epidemic, the summary pointed out that another feature had to be taken into consideration in any re- view of the situation in Indiana-the signing of the Armistice and the epidemic of influenza. It is altogether probable that but for the signing of the Armistice at the time it was signed (November 11, 1918), there would have been no difficulty in actually selling the remaining six and one-half millions of
46. Ibid. Vol. 1, No. 52, December 31, 1918.
47. Ibid. Vol. 1, No. 53, February 4, 1919.
222
INDIANA WORLD WAR RECORDS
War Savings. . It should be thoroughly understood that there was no desire to deprecate the joyful tidings that came to the nation and Indiana on November 11th, but it is a fact that with the coming of peace, the bottom naturally dropped out of all war activities. Then with the spread of influenza in November and December, it was in many parts of the state impossible to hold meetings at just the time the final drives were being put on. That this had a dire effect on the final showing in many counties, there can be no doubt.48
The summary showed the per capita sales by congressional districts in the state. The Twelfth and Sixth congressional districts led with $21.21 each, and the Fifth congressional district trailed at the end with per capita sales of $13.75. Total post office sales during the year were recorded as $45,- 718,519, and total Federal Reserve Bank sales as $6,- 007,387.50. The final summary for the year of 1918 was set out by counties. It showed Fayette County with an apportion- ment of $301,700, having sold $447,283.50, or a per capita of $29.64, as the first county in the state. Thirty-nine counties had exceeded their apportionments for the year; the remain- ing counties had failed to meet their allotments. The coun- ties in the order of their success in sales and their sales records follow :
48. Ibid. Vol. 1, No. 53, February 4, 1919.
1
County
Apportionment
Total Sales
Per Capita
Surplus
Deficit
1. Fayette.
$301,700
$447,283 50
$29 64
$145,583 50
2. Johnson.
410,340
553,553 00
26 98
143,213 00
3. Ripley . .
389,040
492,858 50
25 32
103,818 50
4. Decatur
375,860
475,521 50
25 20
'99,661 50
5. Ohio
86,580
108,636,75
25 08
22,056 75
6.
Cass .
753,920
944,831 50
25 00
190,911 50
7. Union .
125,200
152,169 75
24 30
26,969 75
8.
Dekalb
501,080
594,687 50
23 72
93,607 50
9.
Rush .
386,980
454,955 75
23 50
67,975 75
10.
White
352,040
409,545 25
23 26
57,505 25
11.
Noble. .
487,100
565,607 75
23 22
78,507 75
12.
Newton .
210,860
241,965 00
22 94
31,105 00
13. Tippecanoe.
821,740
934,280 50
22 72
112,540 50
14. Shelby .
540,540
612,439 25
22 64
71,899 25
15.
Jackson . .
494,940
556,495 75
22 48
61,555 75
16.
Huntington
580,800
648,333 00
22 32
67,533 00
17. Whitley .
337,840
375,791 00
22 24
37,951 00
18. Steuben .
285,480
316,517 50
22 16
31,037 50
19.
Perry . .
361,560
398,978 25
22 06
37,418 25
20.
Posey . .
433,400
471,318 00
21 74
37,918 00
21. Floyd .
608,420
658,559 25
21 64
50,139 25
22. Morgan.
434,180
467,757 50
21 54
33,577 50
23. Hancock .
380,600
409,428 00
21 50
28,828 00
.
-
·
.
THE WAR PURSE OF INDIANA
223
-
INDIANA WORLD WAR RECORDS
224
County
Apportionment
Total Sales
Per Capita
Surplus
Deficit
24. Blackford .
316,400
338,166 50
21 36
21,766 50
25. Fulton ..
337,580
359,898 00
21 32
22,318 00
26. Harrison .
404,640
430,678 50
21 28
26,038 50
27. Putnam.
410,400
436,403 75
21 26
26,003 75
28.
Clinton.
533,480
567,263 75
21 20
33,783 75
29.
Carroll.
359,400
379,904 00
21 00
20,504 00
30.
Jefferson .
409,660
429,964 25
20 98
20,304 25
31.
Randolph
585,500
607,927 25
20 76
22,427 25
32.
Knox.
877,620
907,369 50
20 66
29,749 50
33. Sullivan.
472,700
765,825 00
20 62
23,125 00
34.
Montgomery
505,760
516,623 25
20 42
10,863 25
35.
Crawford
241,140
246,368 50
20 40
5,227 50
36. Franklin .
306,700
310,257 50
20 22
3,557 50
37.
Allen.
2,102,960
2,123,739 75
20 18
20,779 75
38.
Scott
166,680
167,875 50
0 14
1,195 00
39.
Dearborn
427,920
428,680 75
20 02
760 75
40. Wells ..
448,360
447,152 50
19 95
$1,207 50
41. Gibson
603,280
591,104 25
19 60
12,175 75
42.
Hamilton
540,520
529,709 50
19 60
10,810 50
43.
Daviess
554,940
538,312 50
19 40
16,627 50
44. Porter
430,700
418,787 25
19 35
13,912 75
45. Delaware
1,054,360
1,018,740 50
19 32
35,619 50
46. Lagrange.
302,960
285,596 75 |
18 85
17,363 25
.
.
. . .
+
15-21521
47. Tipton
349,180
328,969 50
18 84
20,210 50
48. Wayne .
945,020
885,708 25
18 74
59,311 75
49. Miami .
601,680
563,116 00
18 72
38,564 00
50.
Adams .
436,800
406,497 50
18 61
30,302 50
51. Boone.
493,460
450,249 25
18 25
43,210 75
52.
Dubois.
396,860
359,719 25
18 10
37,140 75
53.
Henry .
663,340
600,075 00
18 09
63,264 75
54.
Kosciusko
558,720
504,985 00
18 08
53,735 00
55.
Jay.
499,220
451,212 25
18 08
48,007 75
56.
Switzerland
198,280
179,159 75
18 07
19,120 25
57. Warrick
438,220
394,864 50
18 02
43,355 50
58.
Clark
605,200
543,874 75
17 97
61,325 25
59.
Marshall
483,500
432,103 00
17 87
51,397 00
60.
Howard
730,720
643,675 25
17 62
87,044 75
61.
Grant .
1,028,520
902,275 00
17 54
126,245 00
62.
Wabash .
538,520
469,295 00
17 43
69,225 00
63.
Benton.
253,760
220,260 75
17 36
23,499 25
64.
Owen.
281,060
258,260 00
16 95
22,800 00
65.
Bartholomew
499,420
422,519 25
16 92
76,900 75
66.
Greene ...
859,260
711,185 00
16 55
148,075 00
67. Marion ..
6,243,060
5,159,146 50
16 53
1,083,913 50
68. Laporte ..
1,024,100
845,539 25
16 51
178,560 75
69.
St. Joseph.
2,057,480
1,686,518 75
16 39
370,961 25
70.
Vermillion .
430,040
350,477 50
16 30
79,562 50
71. Washington
348,900
284,062 00
16 28
64,838 00
72. Jennings.
284,060
228,666 25
16 08
55,393 75
73. Elkhart .
1,037,380
815,491 50
15 70
222,388 50
.
.
THE WAR PURSE OF INDIANA
225
.
.
.
.
.
County
Apportionment
Total Sales
Per Capita
Surplus
Deficit
74. Spencer .
413,520
323,000 00
15 62
90,520 00
75.
Madison
1,304,480
1,007,280 75
15 44
297,199 25
76. Hendricks.
416,800
320,584 50
15 38
96,215 50
77.
Orange.
348,740
255,235 00
14 64
93,505 00
78.
Fountain
408,780
295,899 75
14 48
112,880 25
79. Pulaski.
266,240
190,950 00
14 34
75,290 00
80.
Martin ..
259,000
185,255 75
14 30
73,744 25
81.
Vanderburgh
1,631,520
1,174,515 75
14 27
457,004 25
82.
Clay .
650,700
445,836 75
13 70
204,863 25
83.
Warren
217,980
142,668 25
13 09
75,311 75
84.
Parke ..
444,280
285,479 50
12 85
158,800 50
85.
Jasper
260,880
160,291 50
12 29
100,588 50
86.
Pike .
393,780
230,422 75
11 70
163,357 25
87.
Vigo .
2,136,600
1,246,872 75
11 67
889,727 25
88.
Monroe
505,760
287,599 75
11 37
218,160 25
89.
Lawrence
683,960
343,529 50
10 04
340,430 50
90. Lake.
2,917,820
1,424,715 75
9 76
1,493,104 25
91.
Starke
213,320
100,128 00
9 39
113,192 00
92.
Brown.
159,500
71,864 50
9 00
87,635 50
Totals
$58,323,860
$51,725,906 50
$17 74
49$6,597,953 50
·
.
49. Compilation from U. S. Treasury Report, 1920
226
INDIANA WORLD WAR RECORDS
-
227
THE WAR PURSE OF INDIANA
Taking the state as a whole, Indiana stood eighth in the list of states (including District of Columbia) in per capita sales during the thirteen months between the beginning of the campaign, in December, 1917, and January 1, 1919. The records show a per capita sale of $14 throughout Indiana in that period. Herewith appear the first ten states of the Union as follows:
State's Rank
Total Sales
Per Capita
1. Nebraska
$27,450,189 85
$21 18
2. Ohio
86,244,733 20
16 39
3. South Dakota
9,911,807 81
16 38
4. District of Columbia.
5,882,850 40
15 93
5. Iowa
35,955,734 85
15 13
6. Oregon
12,887,111 48
14 94
7.
Kansas
26,495,217 75
14 03
8. Indiana
40,821,176 90
14 00
9. Vermont
5,120,236 27
13 90
10. Montana
6,501,569 80
13 75
This record, on analysis, also shows that regardless of popu- lation the State of Indiana raised the sixth largest state total from sales of such securities in the nation during the thirteen months of fighting, and that it actually exceeded the total sold in the city of New York, which recorded $40,001,850.79, with a per capita subscription of only $6.78.
Savings Work Goes Forward in 1919
Little active work was done in the W. S. S. campaign in In- diana or elsewhere during the first three months of 1919. In March, Robert E. Springsteen, Indianapolis postmaster, was named to direct the campaign in Indiana, and the state head- quarters was moved from South Bend to Indianapolis. Mr. Springsteen chose Fred Bates Johnson as vice-director for In- diana, and John C. Mellett as director of publicity. Mr. Johnson resigned in June, 1919, and Mr. Mellett became vice- director of the Indiana campaign, in active charge of the work.
The work done in 1919 was in four broad divisions-postal, industrial, educational, and women's organizational. The postal workers of Indiana were the first and last reliance in the sale of War Savings stamps. Due to Mr. Springsteen's efforts in keeping the army of postal employes in the state enthusiastic in their campaign, Indiana's record compared fa- vorably with any state in the country during the post-war
228
INDIANA WORLD WAR RECORDS
period.50 The Thrift campaigns were carried on during this period in the schools of the state under the direction of Ellis U. Graff; the work in the woman's organizations was under the direction of Mrs. Julia C. Henderson; while the work among factories and large commercial concerns was carried on by a staff of workers under the direction of Mr. Mellett.51
The main reliance of the War Savings organization in 1919 was again the War Savings society idea, developed on lines similar to the program followed in 1918. Approximately four hundred War Savings societies were organized in a two- months period during the summer of 1919.
Thrift Societies in Schools
Perhaps the most important phase of the 1919 activities was the real education in Thrift that was going forward in the schools of the state. Ellis U. Graff, superintendent of the Indianapolis schools, was named by Mr. Springsteen, as director of education for the War Savings organization. Through his efforts the State Board of Education adopted a resolution providing for the teaching of Thrift as a special part of the curriculum in schools everywhere in Indiana. This step towards making the Thrift idea permanent in Indi- ana became the object of emulation in many states subse- quently. Under the Indiana plan each city and town and county superintendent of schools was a definite part of the Thrift organization. Advertising material was used elabo- rately in the schools and the response from the school chil- dren in the formation of Thrift clubs and the consequent saving of their funds was important.
Printed Thrift lessons were distributed from the state or- ganization. In some schools Thrift stamps actually were on sale, while in others a dual system of buying stamps and mak- ing deposits at banks, was in vogue.
Early in May, 1919, Director Springsteen planned a wo- man's division for the state, and appointed Mrs. Julia C. Henderson as chairman. The plan also contemplated the ap-
50. Mr. Mellett, vice-director, reported that the officials of the Seventh Federal Re- serve Bank marveled at the manner in which Mr. Springsteen's fellow postmasters throughout Indiana stayed on the job and stimulated interest in the little securities when other campaign methods lagged.
51. Thomas J. Walsh was in charge of the work of organizing Thrift Clubs in factories and big stores of the state during the spring and summer of 1919. Woodburn Masson was in charge of the work in Indianapolis. Albert Stump, Charles A. Garrard and Fred J. Wade of Indianapolis, Clair Scott of Angola, Henry Miller of Blooming- ton, and Mrs. Valpey T. Fore of Lafayette assisted in this work.
229
THE WAR PURSE OF INDIANA
pointment of a county chairman in each of the counties in Indiana.52 Every woman's organization, of whatever char- acter, including clubs, churches, schools, colleges, War Mo- thers, Daughters of the American Revolution, the Franchise League, etc., were urged to appoint a local director, and unite with the state organization.
Mrs. Henderson was named Thrift director for the Indiana Federation of Women's Clubs, and this organization co-oper- ated with the Thrift movement in urging member clubs to join the general Thrift program.
Thrift Sunday was set apart by Carter Glass, Secretary of the Treasury, on June 22, 1919, and from hundreds of Indi- ana pulpits an appeal was issued. In Secretary Glass's letter to the ministers and priests, he pointed out that :
"The peace-time needs of the nation and the community are as great, and should be as inspiring to the churches, as are the war-time needs. Many of the things that we do under the pressure of war are equally necessary and valuable in times of peace, but it sometimes happens that it needs the shock and force of a war to bring these to our attention. In no case is this more true than in that of saving and thrift. Under the strain and menace of war we were obliged to prac- tice thrift and economy. We did it for the sake of the coun- try without thought of personal gain or personal interest. In this the churches stood solidly behind the government and ren- dered untold assistance."
Sales Slump in Post-War Period
Director Springsteen announced in June that in the 1919 campaign up to May 1, Indiana's per capita sales were $1.14, the total sales reaching $3,263,436.03. The sales of the small securities slumped everywhere after the war. Indiana, on this total, stood fifth in gross sales among the states of the Union and fifth in per capita sales. Illinois, Ohio, Pennsyl- vania and Texas were the only states leading Indiana in gross sales, while the District of Columbia, Ohio, Montana and Ver- mont excelled the Indiana record in per capita sales at that date. The state led the Seventh Federal Reserve District in
52. By May 19, the following counties had women chairmen: Mrs. F. A. Ulen of Corydon, Harrison County ; Mrs. Kate H. Smith of Danville, Hendricks County ; Mrs. F. L. Clark, of West Lebanon, Warren County, and Mrs. Ada K. Cahn, of ' Lafayette, Tippecanoe County.
53. Hoosier Thrift, June 23, 1919.
230
INDIANA WORLD WAR RECORDS
per capita sales at the close of May; Illinois and Iowa were close rivals.54
On June 23, 1919, Mr. Springsteen announced the standing of the Indiana counties at that time, and gave the per capita sales of each. Scott County, under the chairmanship of C. E. Garriotts, held the record with per capita sales of $2.27, for being the "thriftiest county" in the state. Newton County was second with a per capita record of $2.04, while Hunting- ton County with per capita sales of $1.88 was third. Other thrifty counties included: Brown County, per capita sales, $1.78; Fulton County, $1.69; Franklin County, $1.66; Black- ford County, $1.66; Boone County, $1.37; Johnson County, $1.26; Jay County, $1.25; Dekalb County, $1.21, and Marshall County, $1.21.55
During the summer of 1919 the people of the rural districts and the citizens of smaller townships were much "thriftier" than city folks. This was shown by reference to a table that appeared in Hoosier Thrift of June 23, 1919. Counties con- taining larger cities were lagging in their sales. Marion County (Indianapolis), showed per capita sales of 49 cents ; St. Joseph County (South Bend) 45 cents; Vanderburgh County (Evansville) 45 cents; Vigo County (Terre Haute) 42 cents; Allen County (Fort Wayne) 21 cents.
Close of the Thrift Stamp Campaign
The closing months of 1919 were devoid of much real activ- ity in War Savings sales, but the Thrift educational program continued. Thrift stamp sales dropped off following the con- clusion of the war. During the year 1919 the total amount sold in Indiana was reported as $5,139,769.37-a per capita sale of $1.79.56 Yet with this falling off, Indiana retained its
54. Shortly before the Victory loan drive closed the announcement was made that the Government would keep on sale, subsequently to the close of the last great loan drive, War Savings stamps of larger denominations than had previously been the ease. The announcement said: "To meet the demand for small denomination securities after the Victory Liberty Loan, $100 and $1,000 War Savings stamps will be issued. Plans for future government financing call for continuous sales of short-term securities of five- year maturities. This method is calculated to keep a steady stream of new money pouring into the Treasury day by day and week by week, and make further bond Issues unnecessary. These securities are in reality discounted notes, with the interest to maturity deducted when the purchase is made. They will bear relatively the same terms as the $5 Certificate stamps." Hoosier Thrift, April 28, 1919.
55. Hoosier Thrift, June 23, 1919.
56. The total cash receipts of the Government from the sale of Thrift stamps and War Savings stamps and Treasury Savings certificates, from the first month of their issue to October 31, 1919, amounted to $1,115,076,438.89. In December of 1919-the first month the War Savings securities were offered to the public-a total of $10,236,451.32
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