USA > Louisiana > The settlement of the German coast of Louisiana and the Creoles of German descent > Part 9
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Peter Bayer. Catholic; 23 years old. His wife. Two arpents of land, which he had bought for 210 livres, having given up the land which he had from Governor Bienville. He brought all his things with him. Had not made more than two barrels of
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The Settlement of the German Coast of Louisiana
rice and a quantity of girammons, which was all that was left to him after paying M. Bienville. "Is a very good worker and satisfied with his small piece of land for his fortune."
Johann Fuchs, of the canton of Berne, Switzerland. Catholic; 38 years old. His wife, with a daughter at her breast. Four arpents, for which he had paid 250 livres. About one year on the place. "On account of sickness and misery he made no crop."
Lorenz Ritter, Jr., aged 20 years. Begins to establish himself on eight arpents. ·
From there up the left bank to where the census enumera- tor of 1724 stopped, there lived only Frenchmen and Canadians.
As the census of 1724, the first one to give the names of the German habitants, covers only the territory above New Or- leans, and does not contain the names of the orphans staying with the German families, nor of the numerous engagés, many German people consequently remained unaccounted for. If the registers of the chapel on the German Coast, of which the census of 1724 speaks, and which had a resident priest as early as 1729, had not been lost, and if the records of the St. Louis Cathedral, in New Orleans, had not been to a great extent destroyed in the great fire of March 21st, 1788, many of these names could be recovered. As matters stand, only the cathedral records from 1720 to 1732 are available, which together with scattered court records and other official papers will be used here.
ADDITIONAL GERMAN NAMES OF THE PERIOD, NOT IN THE CENSUS.
There were :
MICHAEL ZEHRINGER, the progenitor of all the "Zeringue" families in Louisiana. He signed his name in German script "Michael Zehringer." He was from Franconia, Bavaria. His name appears first on the passenger list of the ship "Le Droma- daire" in 1720, together with sixty workmen under the command of de la Tour, the chief engineer of the colony. In 1721 Zehr- inger heads the list of "ouvriers" of the king as master carpen- ter. In 1722 we find Michael Zehringer in Biloxi, where in
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The Settlement of the German Coast of Louisiana
tearing down a house he found, according to a procès verbal still existing, a number of articles which had been taken away from the old fort and hidden there. In the same year his wife, Ursula Spaet, died, and, six weeks later, his daughter Salome, aged 18 years.
In the next year he married Barbara Haertel, the widow first of Magnus Albert (who came over with her in one of the pest ships) and then of Joseph Bailliff. By her Zehringer had four sons : Michael, Pierre Laurent, Joseph, and Jean Louis.
The census of 1731 mentions Michael Zehringer as living below Chapitoulas, somewhere in the Sixth District of New Orleans. His family then consisted of his wife and three chil- dren. He had one engagé, twelve negroes, four negresses and twenty-seven cows. He died in 1738, and one of the witnesses in his succession was Louis Wiltz.
JOHANN LUDWIG WILTZ, the progenitor of the New Or- leans branch of the Wiltz family, is not mentioned in the cen- sus. Johann Ludwig Wiltz, of Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany, was born in 171I. (He wrote his name "Wilsz" as does the family in Eisenach to the present day.) In a later official docu- ment referring to the disposition of some land belonging to him, it is stated that his father-in-law, Wm. Siriac, was living on it. Siriac (see census of 1724, No. 5) had but one daugh- ter, who, at the taking of the census of 1731 no longer lived with her parents. So the marriage of Louis Wiltz may have occurred in 1731, when Wiltz was twenty years of age. At the taking of the census of 1724, he was only thirteen years old, and he was therefore almost certainly one of the orphans whose names are not mentioned in the census of 1724.
JOHANN KATZENBERGER, who, in 1722, while yet an engage, married Christine "de Viceloque" ( from Wiesloch, near Heidel- berg, Germany), lived in the village of Gentilly, one and a half miles from New Orleans. He was from Heidelberg. In Gen- tilly he had an engagé and eight arpents of land. The name of the family has been changed into "Gasbergue."
SIMON BERLINGER, of Blaubayern in Wurtemberg, was Katzenberger's neighbor in Gentilly. He had a wife and a son,
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The Settlement of the German Coast of Louisiana
and owned eight arpents of land. His first wife was Cath. Rode, the widow of Jacob Herkomm, who had died "aux Alle- mands." In 1725 Berlinger married Elise Flick of Biel, Baden, whose first husband, Joseph Ziegler, had died in L'Orient. Ber- linger later moved up to the German Coast.
JOHANN WEISS with his little son lived on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain. There were then only five families with fourteen persons living on the lake shore. One of them was called "Lacombe," and it may be that "Bayou Lacombe," between Bonfuca and Mandeville, was named after that family. Descendants of this Joh. Weiss live in Pointe Coupée.
WEISSKRAEMER. Down near the mouth of the Mississippi, at a point called "Fort Balize," was the family of Weisskraemer, from Bavaria.
WICHNER. Then there were the progenitors of all the "Vicner," "Vicnair," and "Vickner" families. Nik. "Wichner" came in 1720 with his wife, Therese, and a child of one year on board the ship "L'Elephant," and was destined for the con- cession of Le Blanc, on the Yazoo River. His wife died some years afterward, and then he married Barbara Friedrich, the widow of Friedrich Merkel (see census of 1724, Nos. 2 and 50). The little child the Wichners brought from Germany seems to have survived, for the records of Pointe Coupée inform us that in 1777
"Gratien Vicner (Gratian probably stands for "Christian"), the son of Nik. Vicner and Theresa ... ' married Marie Louise Cortez", and, in the same year, a child was born to them- Marie Louise.
Sons of Nik. Wichner and Barbara Friedrich married there, too, about this time :
1772: Antoine Vicner, son of Nik. Vicner and Barbara Friedrich, married Perinne Cuvellier, daughter of Pierre C. and Marie Arrayo", and
1777: "David Vicner, son of Nik. V. and Barb. Friedrich, married Marie Margarethe Cuvellier, a sister of Pe- rinne". She died 1781 in St. John the Baptist.
On board the same vessel by which Nik. Wichner and his family came to Louisiana there was one
FRANCOIS WICHNER, his wife Charlotte and two children,
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two and four years old. Charlotte Wichner died in New Or- leans in 1727, and her husband died in Pointe Coupée in 1728 as "habitant and entrepreneur."
Yet the name of this family does not appear in any census enumeration until 1731, when "Nik. Wichner, his wife and a child" are entered as habitants of Cannes Brûlées.
RICHNER (Rixner). From a petition addressed by the tutor of the children of de la Chaise to the Superior Council in 1730, we learn that one Rixner, a German, (signatures of the family prove that the original name was "Richner") had been man- ager of a plantation below New Orleans for three years. His time would expire in June, 1730, and a family meeting should have been called at that time to arrange for a continuance of the improvements on said plantation. In the census enumera- tions Johann Georg Richner appears for the first time in 1731. He lived then opposite New Orleans, two lieues above the town. There was then also a "Rixner fils," who was not yet married and who owned three negroes and three cows. Richner's daugh- ter Margarethe married, in 1728, Jacob Kindler, a Swiss, and died the same year. Richner's wife was a sister of Ambros Heidel's mother. Johann Georg Richner came to Louisiana on board "La Saone," one of the four pest ships, in 1721. His name is not contained in the census of 1724.
SCHAF (Chauffe). Then there was the family of Schaf, of Weissenburg. Jacob Schaf and his wife Marianne sailed with five children for Louisiana on the pest ship "La Garonne" on the 24th of January, 1721. From church records it appears that the wife of Ambros Heidel (Haydel), Anna Margarethe, was a daughter of Schaf. Ambros Heidel had also a brother-in- law with him. Another daughter of Schaf married one Clai- reaux, and later, as her second husband, Franz Anton Steiger, from the diocese of Constance, Baden, while Anton Schaf, the eldest son, became the son-in-law of Andreas Schenck in 1737 (see census of 1724, No. 35). Yet no census mentions the Schaf family.
SCHECKSCHNEIDER. On the same ship and on the same day sailed from L'Orient the Scheckschneider family, Hans Rein- hard Scheckschneider, his wife and two children. One son, Jacob,
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The Settlement of the German Coast of Louisiana
was landed in Brest and died there. Nothing more is heard of the parents, and only after 1730 their second son, Albert "Seg- shneider," the progenitor of the numerous Scheckschneider fam- ilies appears as a habitant. He, too, must have been one of the many nameless orphans whom the census of 1724 mentions in connection with the German families.
ZWEIG (Labranche). On the 24th of January, 1721, there sailed on the pest ship "Les Deux Frères" from L'Orient a second Zweig family, Jean Zweig, with his wife and two chil- dren, who came from the neighborhood of Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany. The parents probably died before the census of 1724 was taken; their daughter was married as early as 1724 to Joseph Verret, but nothing is heard of the second child of the Zweig family, a little son,36 until he, in 1737, bought land at what is now called "Waggaman," on the right bank of the Mis- sissippi, opposite the habitation of his brother-in-law, Verret, who lived in "La Providence," on the left bank. There young Zweig married Susanna Marchand, of St. Marcellin, Grenoble, France, but then an orphan in the Ursuline Convent in New Orleans. The marriage contract which the author found in official acts in the custody of the "Louisiana Historical Society" was signed on the 6th of November, 1737. In this marriage contract the officiating French notary changed the name "Zweig" into "Labranche." The name Zweig being difficult to pronounce and still more difficult to write, as it contains sounds for which the French language has no signs, and young Zweig not being able to sign his name (so the contract states), it was but natural for the French notary to inquire into the meaning of the word "Zweig." Hearing that it meant in French "la branche," he put "Labranche" down as the family name of the bridegroom, and this has remained the family name ever since. The La- branche family has preserved to the present day the tradition of its German descent and of the original name "Zweig."
Having also found the joint last will and testament of Jean Zweig and Susanna Marchand made on the 21st of October, 1780, as well as the papers of the Labranche-Marchand succes-
86 See Census of 1724: " Simon Kuhn" on Bienville's lands.
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The Settlement of the German Coast of Louisiana
sion, settled in 1785, the writer is able to give the correct list of the children of Jean Zweig and Susanna Marchand. As to the later descendants thanks are due to Chas. Theodore Soniat Du- fossat, Esq., one of the many distinguished descendants of the Labranche family, whose mother, Marie Amenaide Labranche, was a granddaughter of Michael Labranche, the eldest son of Jean Zweig.
CHILDREN OF JEAN ZWEIG (LABRANCHE) AND SUSANNA MARCHAND.
I. Michel Labranche, who married Louise Fortier and left seven children. He died in 1787. Female descendants married into the Le Blanc, Porthier, Sarpy, Fortier, Soniat Dufossat, Au- gustin, Beugnot, Wogan, Dupré, Villeré, Larendon, de la Barre, Godberry, Second, Brown, Lesseps, Oxnard, Sanchez, Chastant, and Martin families.
2. Alexander Labranche, one of the signers of the constitution of 1812, married a Miss Piseros and left five children. His son, Octave, became Speaker of the Louisiana House of Repre- sentatives.
His son Alcée was also Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives, Member of Congress, and United States Ambassador to the Republic of Texas.
Female descendants of Alexander Labranche married into the Tricou, de la Barre, Soniat, Dufossat, Chalard, Dupuy, Meteye, Dauphine, Michel, Sarpy, Heidel (Haydel), Fortier (a grandson of Edmund Fortier and Felicite Labranche, is Professor Alcée Fortier of the Tulane University of Louisiana), Ganucheau, Aimé, Piseros, Villeré, 'Augustin, Schreiber, Toby, Frederic, Brou, Le Blanc, Grevenberg, Berault, Lal- land, Blois, Wood, Jumonville, Bouligny, Albert Bald- win, and Dr. Smythe families.
3. Jean Labranche died single.
4. Susanna Labranche married Joseph Wiltz in 1759, and died in 1777. She had two children; Joseph Louis Laurent Wiltz, with whom the New Orleans branch of the Wiltz family became extinct in the male line in 1815; and Hortense Wiltz, who mar- ried, in 1789, Juan Leonardo Arnould. Their son, Julien Ar- nould, married (1829) Manuela Amasilie Daunoy ; their daugh- ter, Jeanne Aimee 'Arnould, married François Trepagnier, and their second daughter, Louise Mathilde, married Jean de Dieu Garcia.
5. Genevieve Labranche married Alexander Bauré.
6. Marie Louise Labranche married François Trepagnier.
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ADDITIONAL GERMAN NAMES OF THE PERIOD NOT IN THE CENSUS.
There were:
NIKOLAUS, CHRISTIAN and CONRAD KUGEL, three brothers, whose parents died in L'Orient ;
LOUIS LEONHARD, who married, in 1728, the daughter of Stephan Kistenmacher ;
PAUL ANTON MUELLER, of Halle, who married, in 1728, Françoise Bourdon;
JOHANN KRETZEN, whose wife was Elise Kerner ;
BERNHARD RAUCH, who died in New Orleans, in 1728, aged fifty years;
LORENZ RAUCH ;
JOHANN KECK, of Bamberg, who died in New Orleans in 1725, aged sixty years;
JOHANN WECHERS, of Strassburg, whose parents died in Cannes Brûlées, and who was the husband of Magdalena Acker- mann ;
RUDOLPH MARTIN, whose wife was Marg. Besel, of Neu- stadt ;
JACOB STAHL;
JOHANN GEORG STAEHLE;
JOSEPH RICKER ;
LORENZ GOETZ, of Dicklingen, diocese of Spite ;
JOHANN STRICKER ;
NIKOLAUS HUBERT ;
ANDREAS TET, of Differdangen, Luxembourg, diocese of Treve (Trier). This family still exists on Bayou Lafourche.
JOSEPH RITTER ;
TINKER, of Frankfurt;
DANIEL RAFFLAND, of Berne, Switzerland;
NIKOLAUS WEISS, of Wolkringen, Berne ;
JOHANNES ETTLER, of Colmar, Alsace ;
JOHANN ADAM SCHMIDT;
JOHANN ADAM KINDELER, or Kindler, a Swiss;
ANTON RINGEISEN ;
ADAM TRISCHL, the progenitor of all the "Triche" families; ANTON LESCH, the progenitor of all the "Leche" and
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"Laiche" families and probably a younger brother of Thomas Lesch.
DANIEL MIETSCH, of Wuerzburg ;
GEORG ANTON MEMMINGER ;
BALTHASAR CLAUSEN ; JACOB ECKEL, of Weilburg ; JOHANN NERLE ; GEORG RAPP;
JOHANN BAPT. MANZ, the progenitor of the "Montz" fam- ilies.
All these names the author found in church records. More- over, the census of 1724 does not contain the names of those still on Law's second plantation below English Turn. These names alone prove that the German population of Louisiana during that period was much larger than the census of 1724 would make it appear.
A CENSUS WITHOUT A DATE.
There is a census of inhabitants and their lands which is not dated. Several reasons invite the belief that this census was taken after 1732. As it gives the latest grouping, it may follow here. It will be noticed that all the Germans had left Bienville's lands, and had gone up to the German Coast on both sides of the Mississippi. In some instances the sons of the original habi- tants appear as landowners.
LEFT BANK.
Beginning at "La Providence" (opposite "Waggaman").
14 arpents .... Joseph Verret, husband of M. Marg. Zweig (Labranche) ;
6 . Johann Weber;
8
Louis Dubs (Toups) ;
8
. Caspar Dubs (Toups) ;
15 Ambros Heidel (Haydel) ; 66
Pierre Brou ;
I5 6 .Louis Champagne;
IO . Jacques Antoine Le Borne.
These people being neighbors, and their children growing up together, sons of Dubs (Toups), Brou, Champagne, and Le
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Borne married Heidel girls, daughters of Ambros Heidel (Hay- del).
4 arpents .... Nikolaus Wichner (Vicner, Vicnaire, Vickner) ;
8 .... Daniel Hopf (Poff). Having married a second time, Hopf separated from his father-in-law Simon Kuhn, who crossed the river.
RIGHT BANK.
Beginning two miles above New Orleans, going up to the German Villages.
IO arpents. .. Johann Georg Richner (Rixner) ;
IO
Simon Kuhn;
6
Heinrich Christman;
6 Andreas Christman;
12 Jacob Christmann;
12 Vandereck ;
6
66 . Jacon Naegeli ;
4
Philipp Zahn;
6 66 . Jacob Foltz (Folse) ;
5
Christian Grabert;
66
. Caspar Hegli;
66 David Meunier ;
2
66
. Johann Adam Edelmeier ; .Georg Troxler (Trosclair) ;
9 8
66
. Jacob Huber (Oubre, Ouvre, Hoover) ;
8
Bernhard Anton;
6
Mathias Friedrich ;
6
66
Joseph Wagensbach (Waguespack) ;
6
66 Andreas Struempfl ;
2 Peter Muench ;
3
66
Christoph Kaiser;
3
Simon Berlinger ;
I
66 Adam Schmidt;
6 5 8 6
. Jacob Rabel ;
.Jacob Weisskraemer ;
8
. Georg Raeser ;
6
Andreas Hofmann;
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3 arpents .... Joseph Andrae ;
6
The Presbytery ;
5
Andreas Traeger (Tregre) ;
12
D'Arensbourg ;
8
66 Nikolaus Meyer ;
6
. Jacob Ritter ;
8
Adam Mattern;
6
Leonhard Magdolff ;
6
Balthasar Marx;
8
Andreas Schantz (Chance) ;
66 66
Wilhelm Siriac ; Albert Scheckschneider ;
4 4 6
66
Bernhard Wick;
6
66
Conrad Friedrich ;
6
Johann Rommel ;
. Rudolph Gillen, a Swiss, and the successor of Johann Weber on Bienville's lands ;
. Johann Callander ;
2
66
Johann Georg Bock ;
6
Michael Vogel;
66 Martin Lambert.
REINFORCEMENTS FOR THE GERMANS.
The Germans on the German Coast of Louisiana received reinforcements at different times.
In the first place the Swiss Soldiers, the majority of whom were Germans, and of whom there were always at least four companies in Louisiana during the French domination (until 1768) naturally drifted to the German Coast, and settled there at the expiration of their time of service. As stated before, the Compagnie des Indes aided them to establish themselves.
In 1754 a considerable number of people came from Lor- raine, so official acts inform us, and "were settled on the German Coast." No list of names, however, is available. Governor Ker- lerec wrote under date of July 4th, 1754 ("Notes and Docu- ments," page 409) :
"I have received the families from Lorraine by the 'Concord'. They are established 'aux Allemands' and work well. Many like
4 4 5
66
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The Settlement of the German Coast of Louisiana
these would be necessary for the advancement of the colony-fami- lies accustomed to working the soil, whose energies would redouble in a country where the revenues would belong to them without the burden of taxation."
In August, 1774, a large number of German families came from Frederic county, Maryland, which county had been a center of German immigration for many years. They travelled to Hagerstown, Maryland, thence through the wilderness to Fort Pitt (now Pittsburg), whence they came in boats down the Ohio and Mississippi to Manchac.
The Manchac of the Eighteenth Century was not the same locality which most of us know as the little railroad station "Manchac" on the Illinois Central Railway, 38 miles north of New Orleans. Old "Manchac" was a post on the Mississippi River, fourteen miles by river below Baton Rouge and on the same side of the Mississippi. There "Bayou Manchac," at one time called "Ascantia," and also "Iberville River," branched off from the Mississippi, and, connecting with the Amite River, Lake Maurepas and Lake Pontchartrain, formed an inland waterway from the Mississippi River to the Mississippi Sound.
It was because of this inland passage from the Mississippi to the lakes, to the gulf, and to Mobile, that Manchac was once spoken of as the proper site for the future capital of Louisiana; and when, in 1718, the present site of New Orleans was selected for that purpose, it was done principally for the reason that New Orleans, through the Bayou St. John, also has water com- munication with the Lake Pontchartrain and Mobile, and is much nearer to the gulf than Manchac.
Bayou Manchac was at the time of the arrival of these Ger- mans from Maryland the boundary line between Spanish America and the English territory. It was an important waterway and trading route (especially for illicit trade with the English), and remained so until 1814, when the American General Jackson (Battle of New Orleans, January 8th, 1815) fearing that the English, by a flank movement through Lake Pontchartrain and Bayou Manchac, might enter the Mississippi and gain his rear, had the bayou filled in. "Post Manchac" was on the upper side or English bank of the bayou, while on the lower side there was a
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"Spanish Fort" to defend the entrance into the Mississippi and the passage out of it. The recollection that the filling in of this bayou was a war measure still lingers with the native (Creole) population of the locality, but only dimly, for when the author asked one of those living near it when and why the bayou had been filled in, the man answered in all honesty that it was done during the "Confederate War" (1861 to 1865).
The exact locality of this historic spot where the filling in · occurred can be easily found now. It is at the railroad station "Rhoades" of the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railway, eighty miles north of New Orleans and ten miles (railroad distance) below Baton Rouge. There is "Rhoades' Country Store" on the left or river side of the track, where, just at the station, a little ravine is seen which the railroad crosses. On the right side of the track the ravine is larger, and a little bridge leads over it. This ravine is old "Bayou Manchac." Trees have now grown up from the earth used in filling the bayou, so that the direction of the old waterway can be followed for some distance. Such historic spots as this ought to be marked by tablets to keep alive important traditions.
THE GERMANS FROM MARYLAND.
About this neighborhood the German families from Mary- land settled. Judge Carrigan says in De Bow's "Review" (New Series, IV., 255 and 616) : that they first took land below Hack- ett's Point, on the opposite side of the river, but that after several successive inundations they were compelled, in 1784, to abandon their improvements and seek refuge on the highlands (called, after them, "Dutch Highlands") :
"where their descendants yet remain, ranking among the most industrious, wealthy, and enterprising citizens of the parish."
There were many intermarriages between the Germans from Maryland and their descendants, and names of them were found by the writer in the church records of St. Gabriel, St. John the Baptist, St. James, Baton Rouge, and Plaquemine. Of these but two families will be mentioned, the two largest ones: "Klein- peter" and "Ory."
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The Settlement of the German Coast of Louisiana
JOHANN GEORG KLEINPETER WITH HIS WIFE GERTRUDE, FROM MARYLAND.
"Naturales de Alemania". The entry of the marriage of his daughter Eva, in 1777, informs us that the bride was born in Strass- burg, Alsace, and so we may assume that the Kleinpeter family came originally from that city. The family tradition says that Kleinpeter came with six grown children to Louisiana. All were found. Ger- trude Kleinpeter died in 1806, aged seventy years, and was buried in the church yard of St. Gabriel.
CHILDREN OF JOHANN GEORG KLEINPETER AND HIS WIFE GERTRUDE.37
I. Johann Baptist Kleinpeter. His wife was Catherine Sharp from Maryland.
A. Joseph Kleinpeter married in 1822 Caroline Theresa Dardenne.
a. Mathilde married in 1843 Thos. Cropper ; Edwin Cropper married in 1869 Felicie Dupuy ;
b. Josephine married in 1849 Alverini Marion- neaux;
c. Euphemie Henriette married in 1853 Amilcar Dupuy ;
d. Paul Gervais married in 1863 Pamela Isabella Kleinpeter, daughter of Chas. K. and Lucinde Cropper ;
B. Isabella Kleinpeter married in 1800 Henry Thomas, son of Henry Th. and Barbara Ory, all from Mary- land.
2. Joseph Kleinpeter. He married (1796) Magdalena Sharp, daughter of Paul Sh. and Cath. Ory, all from Maryland.
A. Marie Rosie Kleinpeter married in 1834 Jean Michel Bouillon.
B. Elisabeth Floresca Kleinpeter, baptized in 1807.
3. Georg Kleinpeter. He was the husband of Marg. Judith (not legible).
A. Franz (François) married 1823 Adelaide Traeger (Tegre). a. A. Cornelia married in 1855 William Stokes;
b. Francis Amelia married 1856 Thomas Byrne.
B. Julia married 1825 Jean Traeger (Tregre), son of Jean T. and Eva Ory.
37 The numbers, letters and distance from the margin indicate the differ- ent generations.
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The Settlement of the German Coast of Louisiana
C. Jean married 1825 Marie Rose Bouillon.
a. Elvira married 1851 John Huguet ;
b. Carolina married 1859 Sam. McConnell;
c. Josiah married 1865 Elene Elder.
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