History of the town of Bernardston, Franklin County, Massachusetts, Volume II, 1900-1960, with genealogies, Part 1

Author:
Publication date: 1962
Publisher: [Bernardston, Mass.] : [Trustees of the Cushman Library]
Number of Pages: 314


USA > Massachusetts > Franklin County > Bernardston > History of the town of Bernardston, Franklin County, Massachusetts, Volume II, 1900-1960, with genealogies > Part 1


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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24



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M. L.


REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION


GEN


ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 00084 1202


History - of the


Town of Bernardston


Franklin County, Massachusetts


Volume II 1900- 1960 With Genealogies


ALLTOWN


JAN.21.


BE


FI 1736.


ON


INCORPORATED


MAR. 6 TH


M


TS.


1762.


Written by Townspeople and Sponsored by Cushman Library Trustees 1962


Published in Observance of the 200th ANNIVERSARY of the Incorporation of the Town August, 1962


COPYRIGHT 1962 BY THE TRUSTEES OF THE CUSHMAN LIBRARY Printed in the United States of America By The Vermont Printing Company, Brattleboro, Vermont


1845423


HISTORY OF BERNARDSTON


TABLE OF CONTENTS


Page


INTRODUCTION 5


CHAPTER I-Early History and Origin 7


CHAPTER II-Town Government and Property 10


CHAPTER III-Historical Notes 21


CHAPTER IV-Early and Present-Day Businesses 33


CHAPTER V-Utilities 37


CHAPTER VI-Churches 54


CHAPTER VII-Library and Schools 77


CHAPTER VIII-Organizations 100


CHAPTER IX-Bernardston's Part in the Wars 122


CHAPTER X-Resident Physicians of Bernardston 132


CHAPTER XI-Old Houses and Cemeteries 140


CHAPTER XII-Anniversaries 157


CHAPTER XIII-Historical Anecdotes 162


CHAPTER XIV-Bernardston 1961- Map and Property Owners 168


CHAPTER XV-Bernardston Genealogy 1900-1960


181


List of Contributors


243


Index


247


MAPS OF THE TOWN OF BERNARDSTON


1900-Ormando W. Gray 16-17


1961-George R. Wilcox 176-177


Illustrations following pages 96,192


110.00-120.2822-2-4-75 /uille


INTRODUCTION


UCY CUTLER KELLOGG'S excellent history of Bernardston covers L the period from the settlement of the town in 1736, to the year 1900. In her later years, Mrs. Kellogg hoped that another volume would sometime be published, covering the years since 1900.


She transferred to Fred Donaldson in 1950 the rights to use and quote her history and stated: "I hereby transfer to Mr. Fred A. Donaldson, now of Bernardston, Massachusetts, all my interest in the history of that town by me written and published in Feb- ruary, 1902. Should he desire to re-write or get out a second edi- tion at any time, he is at liberty to do so."


Mr. Donaldson, always a public-spirited citizen, was president of the Cushman Library trustees when, in 1955, he suggested the preparation of such a second volume of Bernardston history. In the same year he transferred to the library trustees his rights and interest in Mrs. Kellogg's book.


At the 1960 annual meeting of the library trustees, it was voted to prepare and publish this second volume of Bernardston his- tory. A steering committee consisting of: Iva B. Root, Frieda J. Wiemers and Elinor B. Cronyn was appointed to plan for its preparation in time for the town's two hundredth anniversary to be observed in August, 1962. The material for this volume was obtained from the Kellogg History, old record books, town re- ports, the Greenfield Gazette & Courier and the Recorder-Gazette.


Many citizens have had a part in the writing of this volume. A member of each of the town's many organizations was chosen to write its history, and others wrote of the churches, schools, old houses and many other subjects. Not the least of these sections is the genealogy, with a special committee: Paul D. Shores, Florence M. Wright, Delmar P. Magoon and Madelyn J. Page.


It is hoped that, as the years go by, someone in Bernardston will keep a record of all important events and dates, and in fifty years will once more bring this history up to date.


The trustees of Cushman Library wish to thank most sincerely all those who have taken a part in the preparation of this work.


5


6


HISTORY OF BERNARDSTON, 1900-1960


For this volume we repeat the words of Mrs. Kellogg when she asked ". .. that its many shortcomings may receive a kindly criticism. . . . "


The elected trustees in 1961 were: Florence Birks, Elinor Cronyn, Caroline Denison, Melvin Denison, Margaret Dunnell, Viola Fitzherbert, John Morgan, Henry Root, Iva Root, Arthur Ward, Frieda Wiemers and Georgia Wyatt.


Chapter I


EARLY HISTORY AND ORIGIN


B ERNARDSTON is one of the northern towns of Franklin County, with the State Line of Vermont on the north; the towns of Northfield and Gill on the east; Gill and Greenfield on the south and Leyden on the west. The town lies in the Fall River valley, a beautiful section of this locality, surrounded by its hills, West Mountain, Wildcat, Bald Mountain and Huckle Hill.


Bernardston owes its existence to the settlers' fight with the In- dians in 1676, near the falls of the Connecticut River at the present site of Turners Falls. In recognition of these services, the survivors of the fight and the descendants of those deceased, were granted land in an area now comprising Bernardston, Leyden and a part of Colrain, a region which was then a wilderness. The settle- ment was at first called Falls Fight Township, which was later shortened to Fall Town, and the stream running through the town was named Fall River.


The first four houses, or "forts," as they were called, were Burk, Connable, Deacon Sheldon and Lieutenant Sheldon. Major John Burk's Fort, the first and largest, stood on Burk Flat, east of the present George Duprey house. The name of the pioneer, Burk, by the way, was frequently spelled with a final "e" after 1784. The Samuel Connable Fort was farther north, near the present Sterling Nelson house, which has in it many timbers from the old fort. The Sheldon Forts were built in 1740 or early in 1741. Lieutenant Ebenezer Sheldon's was in the eastern part of the settlement near the present corner of Northfield and Purple Meadow Roads. The Deacon Sheldon Fort stood on Huckle Hill, a few rods east of the present house of William Field, Sr. Markers were placed at each of these fort sites in 1930, at the time of the Massachusetts Ter- centenary. The detailed story of Bernardston's early years is well related in Mrs. Kellogg's comprehensive history.


The town retained the name of Fall Town until, following a petition presented by the inhabitants, the General Assembly of the Province of Massachusetts Bay incorporated it on March 5, 1762. It was then given the name of Bernardston, in honor of Sir Francis Bernard, Provincial Governor under King George III. The town then took its place with the other towns of the state,


7


8


HISTORY OF BERNARDSTON, 1900-1960


the first town meeting being held in the church on May 11, 1762.


The closing words of the Hon. Henry W. Cushman's address at the time of the Centennial Celebration of the Incorporation of the Town of Bernardston, August 20, 1862, are well worth re- peating here:


"But before I close I must for myself and in behalf of this large assemblage of friends, pay my respects to the 20th day of Aug. 1962 ;- Far down the long vista of years I see a large gathering of men, women, and children-not one of whom is here to-day-as- sembled to celebrate the second Centennial Anniversary of the Incorporation of Bernardston. A large crowd is here. The sun, like to-day, shines brightly on their cheerful faces. They talk freely of us-who long since have been known only by the marble monument or the sculptured granite. They think and speak of us and of what we do and say to-day. To them I have a few words to say.


"Men and Women who may meet here on the 20th of August, 1962, we send you greetings of a Universal Brotherhood and of a Sympathizing Christianity. That you will do more and better than we have done or can do, we fully believe. A hundred years of labor and of experience must add much to your advancement and must place you much higher in the scale of Christian civilization than we are. Look kindly then, we beseech you, on the shortcom- ings of this generation and of the services of this day. If we send down to you the blessings of a republican government, you must improve and perfect it. If we leave you schools and churches you must make them better. We know well and we regret it greatly, that 'the Christianity of Christ,' is yet but poorly understood, and less perfectly practised by us. But we believe in the progress and ultimately in the high position of the human race. If we have done little, you must do more, and thus the great design of our Heav- enly Father, in the creation of us, his children, will be ac- complished.


"Kinsmen and Friends, the path of a higher destiny is yours. Peace and the blessing of God be with you."


There is one person living in 1962, who may have been present at the 1862 Centennial. Mrs. Walter Nichols of Greenfield (for- merly Nellie Hale of Bernardston) now aged one hundred and three years, may have been brought to that celebration by her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Alanson Hale of South Street; at least she was living at that time.


As Mr. Cushman in 1862 looked into the future, and thought


9


HISTORY OF BERNARDSTON, 1900-1960


and talked of us, so we today look forward to the year 2062, the three hundredth anniversary of the town, and wonder what life will be like then. When Mr. Cushman delivered his Centennial address, the Civil War was in its second year. We, today in 1962, at the beginning of the "Space Age," are in the midst of a "cold war," with the fear of nuclear weapons and trouble and unrest everywhere. Although we may not have completely fulfilled Mr. Cushman's hopes and aspirations, we still hope for a better world when Bernardston celebrates its Tercentenary.


Chapter II


TOWN GOVERNMENT AND PROPERTY


B ERNARDSTON is governed by a Board of Selectmen, which doubles as the Board of Health and the Board of Public Wel- fare. Since 1951 there has been a Welfare District which adminis- ters assistance. An annual Town Meeting, at which a Moderator presides, takes care of business and financial affairs and election of officials.


Elected officers of the town are: three Assessors; three Auditors; Board of Health; Clerk; four Constables; Moderator; Pioneer Valley Regional School District Committee-two members; Ele- mentary School Committee-three members; three Selectmen; Tax Collector; Treasurer; Tree Warden; twelve Trustees of Cushman Library; twelve Trustees of Powers Institute.


Appointed officers are: Burial Agent; Dog Officer; three Fence Viewers; four Field Drivers; twelve Fire Engineers; Forest Fire Warden; Inspector of Animals and Barns; Inspector of Slaughter- ing; Moth Superintendent; four Public Weighers; Pound Keeper; Sealer of Weights and Measures; Superintendent of Highways; Special Police Officer; Acting Chief of Police; three Surveyors of Wood and Lumber; Superintendent of Schools; Town Hall Jani- tor; four Registrars of Voters; Veterans' Agent; Town Counsel; Finance Committee-five members; Civilian Defense Director.


POPULATION OF BERNARDSTON


1900-792


1930-893


1910-741


1940-954


1920-769


1950-1117


1960-1370


VOTERS


1900-222


1961-720


WELFARE


At the beginning of the century, public welfare was adminis- tered by the selectmen, acting as a Board of Public Welfare. All persons or families in need usually were given assistance by being boarded out to the lowest bidder, by giving grocery or other or-


10


11


HISTORY OF BERNARDSTON, 1900-1960


ders at a store or by payment of their medical bills with assistance in cash seldom given directly to those in need. All recipients of aid were listed by name as "paupers" in town reports and public records and the cost of each was listed separately. Some of the "paupers" also listed by name were committed to the "Northamp- ton Lunatic Hospital" which was later called "Northampton In- sane Hospital." In 1912, "paupers" were listed by number instead of by name. Total cost of public welfare in the early 1900's averaged about $1400 per year in Bernardston.


During later years, the state government became more involved in local welfare and new programs were started giving cash assist- ance to elderly persons and widows with dependent children in their own homes. Such payments were made with a combination of state and local funds. About 1936, the federal government be- gan giving assistance in welfare and joined with local and state funds in Old Age Assistance and Aid to Dependent Children. Later on, two new categories of public assistance were added, financed by federal, state, and local funds, so that by 1961, in ad- dition to Old Age Assistance and Aid to Dependent Children, this type of assistance was also available for needy disabled persons and medical care for aged persons who have sufficient resources for their ordinary needs. By this time, new laws were added giving more rights and higher standards of assistance to needy people, and administration became more complicated and was handled by civil service employees. Also, assistance records were made con- fidential information.


In 1951, the Northern Franklin Welfare District was formed to handle welfare for Bernardston, Gill, Leyden and Warwick. The office was located on Dewey Street in Bernardston with two full- time employees doing the necessary work for the Board of Public Welfare in each of the member towns. Northfield joined the Dis- trict in 1961, and a third employee was added. The present em- ployees of the District are: Lucius R. Stark, Director, Frieda J. Wiemers and Evelyn M. White. Public assistance in Bernardston was about $46,000 in 1961.


SELECTMEN SINCE 1900


Edwin B. Hale, Edward C. Martindale, L. Dwight Slate 1899-1901 L. Dwight Slate, Myron L. Corbett, John W. Chapin 1902-1907 John W. Chapin, Adelbert S. Atherton, L. Dwight Slate 1908 John W. Chapin, Adelbert S. Atherton, Ervin L. Barber 1909 John W. Chapin, L. Dwight Slate, Edwin B. Hale 1910


12


HISTORY OF BERNARDSTON, 1900-1960


L. Dwight Slate, Edwin B. Hale, Ralph H. Cushman 1911-1912 Ralph H. Cushman, Edwin B. Hale, Winnie G. Newton 1913 Edwin B. Hale, Winnie G. Newton, Melvin A. Denison Edwin B. Hale, Melvin A. Denison, John W. Chapin Melvin A. Denison, John W. Chapin, L. Dwight Slate 1923-1924 1925 Howard M. Moat, John W. Chapin, L. Dwight Slate Melvin A. Denison, Howard M. Moat, Herman L. Eldred 1926


Melvin A. Denison, Clarence D. Pratt, Ray E. Franklin Melvin A. Denison, Ray E. Franklin, John W. Chapin Melvin A. Denison, Walter C. Grover, John W. Chapin Melvin A. Denison, Walter C. Grover, Ray E. Franklin Walter C. Grover, Earl A. Estabrook, John W. Chapin Melvin A. Denison, Ray E. Franklin, Herbert T. Slate Melvin A. Denison, Ray E. Franklin, William E. Field, Sr.


1927-1930 1931


1932-1933


1934


1935


1936-1939


1940


Melvin A. Denison, William E. Field, Sr., Herbert T. Slate 1941-1943


Melvin A. Denison, William E. Field, Sr., Fred H. Eastman


1944


William E. Field, Sr., Fred H. Eastman, Alphonso G. Marshall


1945-1948


Fred H. Eastman, Alphonso G. Marshall, Lucius R. Stark 1949-1950


Lucius R. Stark, Fred H. Eastman, Henry O. Root 1951 William D. Underwood, Fred H. Eastman, George R. Wilcox 1952-1953


William D. Underwood, Fred H. Eastman, Harold A. Coates 1954-1955


Harold A. Coates, William D. Underwood, George R. Wilcox 1956-1957


George R. Wilcox, Harold A. Coates, Russell L. Deane 1958


Harold A. Coates, Russell L. Deane, Norman F. Drew 1959-1961


TOWN CLERKS SINCE 1900


Henry L. Crowell


1893-1936


Georgia L. Wyatt


1937-1943


1944-1961


Madelyn J. Page


1914-1915 1916-1922


13


HISTORY OF BERNARDSTON, 1900-1960 TOWN BUILDINGS AND PROPERTY


TOWN HALL


The town hall is a large, two-story building situated on Church Street. There is a large hall upstairs with a stage and dressing rooms and on the ground floor are found a smaller hall, kitchen, rest rooms, and two offices for the use of the Board of Selectmen and the Town Clerk. The building was originally dedicated Janu- ary 8, 1878. In 1901, Mrs. Abbie B. Coy (daughter of Isaac Bur- rows) of Little Rock, Arkansas, gave the town its clock. Gardiner J. Oakes and son, Frank, at that time built the tower on the town hall and the clock was installed. Sixty years later, the clock still serves the inhabitants faithfully.


TOWN VAULT


The town vault was built in 1899-1900 at the rear of the town hall on Church Street. It is constructed of brick and the one room is used for storage of records of the town.


HEARSE HOUSE


Another building located in back of the town hall is what is known as the "hearse house." Early in the century this housed the town-owned hearse. The hearse has long since disappeared from the list of town equipment and the structure now houses some of the town road machinery.


POWERS INSTITUTE


Edward Epps Powers, a native of Bernardston, bequeathed to the town the sum of $10,000, "the income of which is to be forever used for the purposes of schooling, the only condition being that the town raise $300 annually for the same purpose." This resulted in the erection of Powers Institute on Church Street. Dedication services were held September 1, 1857. Bernardston pupils, as well as many boarding students from surrounding towns, attended this school until about 1900 when it became the high school of the town. It continued as such until the fall of 1957, when the new Pioneer Valley Regional School was opened and Bernardston pu- pils joined students from Northfield and Warwick in the new facilities.


CUSHMAN HALL


Henry W. Cushman, about 1860, built and gave to the town the use of Cushman Hall on Church Street across from Powers Insti-


14


HISTORY OF BERNARDSTON, 1900-1960


tute and the land on which it stood, including Cushman Park. It was later willed to the town by Mr. Cushman. The hall was used as the residence of the principal of Powers Institute and the upper two stories were used as rooms for out-of-town students. The hall is still managed by the Cushman Hall Committee (made up of the President of the Powers Institute Trustees, the President of the Cushman Library Trustees, and one member from each of the Boards of Trustees) but is now used as an apartment house.


CUSHMAN PARK


The park is situated on the corner of Church and South Streets in the center of the town. It contains about two and one-half acres, has many shade trees, and Fox Brook runs through it. The Cush- man Will provided that no building should ever be erected on the park and if it should ever be used for building purposes, the park would revert to the Trustees of Amherst College. An honor roll commemorating the service of Bernardston men in the wars is placed here. The park is an attractive, well-kept spot where Little League games and other activities are held during the summer months, Christmas decorations appear in season and, in general, it lends charm to this New England town.


CUSHMAN LIBRARY


The library was given to the town by the Hon. Henry W. Cush- man during the exercises marking the one hundredth anniversary of the Incorporation of the Town of Bernardston, August 20, 1862. Located on Church Street next to Powers Institute, it is a two-story, brick building. The main library room and a fireproof safe are on the ground floor while Sanderson Hall, now used for storage of non-fiction, and the Historical Room are situated on the second floor.


ELEMENTARY SCHOOL


The new Bernardston Elementary School, which replaced the four one-room district schoolhouses, was opened in 1951. It is located off South Street on the new School Road and accommo- dates kindergarten and the first six grades. Landscaping has been provided by the Community Club and the Grange and the Parent- Teacher Association has furnished playground equipment.


15


HISTORY OF BERNARDSTON, 1900-1960


CHARITY FARM


The Charity Farm, located on Bald Mountain Road, was a gift to the town by the Hon. Job Goodale. His will reads in part, "It is my will that the premises aforesaid shall belong to the town under the care and superintendence of the overseers of the poor for the time being, who shall appropriate and distribute the net income of the same annually among such industrious and deserv- ing poor in said town as shall fall into sickness and distress as they shall judge proper without reference to religious sects or denomi- nations." Since 1955, a Charity Farm Reforestation Program has been carried on. Thirty acres have been fenced and plantings of red pine, white pine, and white spruce seedlings have been made. This project will greatly increase the value of this property in years to come.


TOWN FUNDS


S


EVERAL BEQUESTS to the Town of Bernardston have made extra money available for various purposes.


The BURROWS FUND, willed in 1900, makes the interest from $400 expendable by the treasurer of the town for the "care and maintenance" of the Burrows lots in the cemetery.


J. V. Hale granted the town $1000 to establish a fund, to be known as the J. V. HALE FUND. The sum to be invested in non- assessable stock in an Electric Railroad Company which shall build an electric railroad from Greenfield to or beyond Bernard- ston. Income from the Hale Fund should be expended in improv- ing or building sidewalks, with especial attention given to walks on South Street, between the hotel and schoolhouse on said street. The supplement to the Hale Fund directs that the words "or bonds of said company" be added to the decd or gift after the words "non-assessable stock," if desired by the Town.


ARETAS FERRY FUND. The amount of the Ferry Fund is $5000 to be managed by the town forever in trust; to be deposited in savings banks of Massachusetts; or to be used in three ways: (1) to pay salaries of teachers employed in Powers Institute; (2) to assist boys and girls in their education; (3) to procure apparatus useful or necessary in the teaching of sciences.


When Powers no longer exists, within two years the money is to


Heights above the Sea:


Pond Mountain


1190 feet


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1167 .


West


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Wild Cat ..


1059


East


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Snow Hill


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.L.F. Allen


Bernardston Village


C.Dean


Y- Chas. Parker


D.Cronyn.


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C.N. Merrifield


Scott


J.M.Hale


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REENFIELD


CUTLERY MANF'Y


IIID


A. Barber . Bixby


O.J.Oakes.


TSCHOOL HOUSE'N


E.L. Fleld


.E. Ashley


.E. Cairns


.J. E. Davis · F. B.Chase


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I. Willard.


e


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MAP OF THE TOWN OF BERNARDSTON BY O. W. GRAY, B. S., C. E. Scale, 240 Rods to one Inch. 1 2 3 Miles


0


Snow Hill


Brook


E.C. Martindale


18


HISTORY OF BERNARDSTON, 1900-1960


go to the managers of Franklin County Hospital, established in Greenfield, Massachusetts.


The directions in the deed of gift have been carried out and the Franklin County Public Hospital now has the money.


GOODALE CHARITY FUND. Job Goodale, in his will of 1832, gave to Bernardston a farm called the Loomis Place; and from the heirs of Stephen Webster about one hundred acres plus one acre and one-half, to be used for the support of the poor. Added to this, the sum of two hundred dollars to be loaned at six per cent interest (or the legal interest) to be paid annually to the principal and in- terest, until the sum amounts to twenty thousand dollars, "the money to be used for the support of the poor, common schools, or public library." The income from this fund was first available in 1928.


POWERS FUND. Edward E. Powers bequeathed to the town in 1854, one hundred shares in Capital Stock of Franklin County Bank of Greenfield, par value ten thousand dollars, for use in education in this way: one-half the annual income to be used for support of public or common schools in the same way money is raised by taxation, the town to raise and expend annually the sum of $300. The other half of the Bank Stock to be used in the main- tenance and support of a grammar or high school in the town.


TOWN SCHOOL FUND. A fund of $716 derived from the sale of school lands to be devoted forever to the public schools. When the School Fund reached $1,198.79, interest was withdrawn each year.


CHARITY FARM FUND. February 24, 1954, amounts deposited in savings from the fund totalled $2,165.60, and the income from sav- ings deposits and rentals from pasture land have been added to the amount.




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