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Gc 973.74 M38bow pt. 1 1778894
M. L.
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01083 8966
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-
MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR
1861-1865.
Pt. 1
·
By JAMES L. BOWEN.
-.
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY HON. HENRY L, DAWES, U. S. SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS.
THE NEWBERRY LIBRARY CHICAGO
SPRINGFIELD, MASS .: CLARK W. BRYAN & CO., IS89.
840
1778694
0
1
1.0
Bowen, James Lorenzo.
L
14 Massachusetts in the war, 1861-1865. By James L. Bowen. With an introduction by Hon. Henry L. Dawes ... . Spring- field, C. W. Bryan & co., 1889. .
xv, 1029 p. inel. port. front. 24cm.
1. Massachusetts-Hist .- Civil war. 2. U. S .- Hist .- Civil war-Regi- mental histories-Mass. 3. Massachusetts-Militia. I. Title.
Library of Congress
. £513.B78
2-14318
-
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012
http://archive.org/details/massachusettsi00bowe
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE
Introduction,
vii
Forty-seventh Regiment, . 642
Preface,
xiii
Forty-eighth Regiment, 645
History of the State, 1861-1865,
1
Forty-ninth Regiment, 650
First Regiment,
99
Fiftieth Regiment, 654
Second Regiment,
113
Fifty-first Regiment,
658
Third Regiment,
136
Fifty-second Regiment, 663
Fifty-third Regiment, 667
Fifty-fourth Regiment, 672
Fifty-fifth Regiment, 682
692
Eighth Regiment,
181
Fifty-seventh Regiment, .
697
Ninth Regiment,
189
Fifty-eighth Regiment,
705
Tenth Regiment,
196
Fifty-ninth Regiment, 710
716
Twelfth Regiment,
219
Sixty-first Regiment, 718
722
Fourteenth Regiment,
249
723
Fifteenth Regiment, .
251
Second Heavy Artillery, 730
Sixteenth Regiment, .
264
Third Heavy Artillery, 734
Seventeenth Regiment,
274
Fourth Heavy Artillery, 787 .
Twentieth Regiment,
311
Second Cavalry,
.
755
Third Cavalry, 767
776
Twenty-fourth Regiment,
371
Frontier Cavalry,
. 784
Twenty-fifth Regiment,
382
First Light Battery,
785
Twenty-sixth Regiment, .
393
Second Light Battery,
790
Twenty-seventh Regiment, Twenty-eighth Regiment,
419
. Fourth Light Battery, 802
809
152
Sixth Light Battery,
817
Thirty-first Regiment,
466
Seventh Light Battery,
822
Thirty-second Regiment, .
-170
Eighth Light Battery,
827
Thirty-third Regiment,
-196
Ninth Light Battery,
820
Thirty-fourth Regiment, .
507
Tenth Light Battery,
834
Thirty-fifth Regiment.
525
Eleventh Light Battery,
844
Thirty-sixth Regiment,
542
Twelfth Light Battery,
8-47
Thirty-seventh Regiment,
563
Thirteenth Light Battery,
8-49
Thirty-eighth Regiment,
570
Fourteenth Light Battery,
852
Thirty-ninth Regiment, Fortieth Regiment,
603
858
Forty-first Regiment, Forty-second Regiment,
617
862
Forty-third Regiment,
62-4
Second Sharpshooters,
867
Forty-fourth Regiment,
629
Unattached Companies,
S6S
Forty-fifth Regiment,
63-4
Statistical Table,
872
Forty-sixth Regiment,
637
General Officers,
875
.
·
.
.
.
.
.
.
401
. Third Light Battery, 797
.
.
435
Fifth Light Battery,
781
Twenty-third Regiment, .
359
Fifth Cavalry,
First Battalion Heavy Artillery, 789
Nineteenth Regiment,
203
. First Cavalry, 742
Twenty-first Regiment,
327
Twenty-second Regiment,
3.46
Fourth Cavalry,
.
Eleventh Regiment, .
207
Sixtieth Regiment, .
Thirteenth Regiment,
235
Sixty-second Regiment, First Heavy Artillery,
148
Sixth Regiment,
157
Seventh Regiment,
168
Fifty-sixth Regiment,
Fourth Regiment,
142
Fifth Regiment,
5.89
Fifteenth Light Battery, . Sixteenth Light Battery, . Third Battalion of Rifles, Andrew Sharpshooters,
856
613
860
Eighteenth Regiment,
281
Twenty-ninth Regiment. . Thirtieth Regiment. .
.
SKETCHES OF GENERAL OFFICERS.
PAGE
PAGE
Henry L. Abbot.
875
Edward F. Jones,
911
William S. Abert,
876
Erasmus Darwin Keyes,
945
Charles Francis Adams, Jr.,
876
John W. Kimball,
946
Thomas J. C. Amory,
William S. King. 947
John F. Anderson,
Ralph W. Kirkham, .
918
George L. Andrews,
878
Frederick W. Lander,
9.49
Nathaniel P. Banks,
879
William H. Lawrence,
950
John G. Barnard,
842
Horace C. Lee,
951
James Barnes.
883
William Raymond Lee,
953
William F. Bartlett, .
8.55
William S. Lincoln, . Charles G. Loring,
955
William Blaisdell,
Samnel Breek, .
8.8
Henry S. Briggs,
890
George N. Macy, 960
Horace Brooks,
891
Randolph B. Marcy. 960
961
Benjamin F. Butler,
893
Nelson A. Miles,
962
Summer Carruth,
897
Albert Ordway,
963
Sammel E. Chamberlain,
899
Charles J. Paine,
965
Robert E. Clary,
900
Francis W. Palfrey, .
960
William Cogswell.
901
Henry L. Patten.
966
Cyrus B. Comstock. .
901
Charles L. Poirson,
967
Darins N. Conch,
903
Josiah Pickett, .
969
Charles II. Crane, M. D.,
Carroll HI. Potter,
970
George H. Crosman,
George L. Prescott,
970
Caspar Crowninshield.
90%
Sanmel M. Quincy,
972
James A. Conningham,
909
S. Tyler Read,
973
Arthur R. Curtis,
910
Pant J. Rovere.
973
Greely S. Curtis,
David A. Inssell,
974
Nelson H. Davis,
911
Henry S. Russell,
975
Charles Devens, Jr.,
912
970
Arthur F. Deverenx,
915
Rufus Saxton.
977
Charles A. R. Dimon,
916
Isaac F. Shepard,
931
Nath'ın A. M. Dudley,
919
Luther Stephenson, Jr.,
982
Thomas H. Dunham, Jr.,
921
. Hazard Stevens,
93
William Dwight,
9:22
Isaac Ingalls Stevens,
9.55
Joseph Cushing Edmands,
923
Robert HI. Stevenson,
057
Oliver Edwards,
921
Thomas G. Stevenson,
957
Henry L. Enstis,
925
Charles P. Stone,
983
Charles Everett,
926
George (. Strong,
990
William O. Fiske,
926
Sylvanus Thayer,
993
Jones Frankle,
William S. Tilton,
993
Arthur A. Goodell,
928
Zealous B. Tower,
995
William Gates. .
0:29
Edward D. Townsend,
990
Oliver P. Gooding,
930
Adin Ballon Underwood,
99%
George H. Gordon,
931
Charles F. Walcott. .
993
Patrick R. Gniney,
932
Francis A. Walker
999
Edward N. Hallowell,
933
George Inll Ward, .
1000
Alfred S. Hartwell,
931
Lueins HI. Warren.
1001
George P. Hawkes, .
935
Francis Washburn, .
1002
Joseph Hayes. .
935
Ansel D. Wass.
1003
Gny V. Henry,
936
1001
Edward W. Hincks, .
937
George D. Wells.
1005
Joseph Hooker.
939
Amiel W. Whipple,
1000
Timothy Ingraham. .
912 Charles A. Whittier.
100%
Horatio JJenkins, JJr.,
Edward A. Wild.
1008
Thomas D. Johns,
911 Robert Williams,
1010
-----
951
James L. Bates.
Charles Russell Lowell, JJr., Enke Lyman, 956 953
Sidney Burbank, 892
598
Francis A. Osborn,
961
Thomas E. Chickering,
Robert Cowdin,
906
Joseph B. Phummer,
906
907
Alonzo G. Draper,
917
Thomas Sherwin. Jr.,
William F. Draper,
918
Angustus B. R. Sprague,
910
Horace Binney Sargent,
Napoleon B. MeLaughlen,
Stephen Minot Weld, Jr ..
LIST OF PORTRAITS.
PAGE
Governor Andrew, . Frontispiece
Patrick H. Guiney, 933
Hon. Henry L. Dawes,
. vi
Edward W. Hincks, 937 .
James L. Bowen,
·
xii
Joseph Hooker, . 940
Senator Charles Sumner, . 85
Horatio Jenkins, Jr., . 943
Senator Henry Wilson,
.
GENERALS :-
Nathaniel P. Banks,
. 879
John G. Barnard,
883
James Barnes,
884
William S. Lincolu,
955
William F. Bartlett,
885
Luke Lyman,
959
William Blaisdell,
888
Albert Ordway, .
963
Samuel Breck, 889
Francis A. Osborn. 964
Henry S. Briggs, .
890
Josiah Pickett, 968
Horace Brooks,
892
George L. Prescott, 971
Benjamin F. Butler, .
894
Samuel M. Quincy, 972
Samuel E. Chamberlain,
898
Horace Binney Sargent, 077
978
Cyrus B. Comstock,
902
Augustus B. R. Sprague,
981
Darius N. Couch,
903
Luther Stephenson. Jr ..
983
Charles II. Crane, M. D.,
907
Hazard Stevens, .
984
George H. Crosman,
908
Isaac I. Stevens, .
985
Nelson HI. Davis,
911
Thomas G. Stevenson, .
988
Charles Devens, .
913
Edwin V. Sumner,
. 991
Arthur E. Devereux,
915
William S. Tilton,
. 094
William F. Draper,
918
Zealous B. Tower, Adin B. Underwood,
. 998
Oliver Edwards, . 924 .
Francis A. Walker,
.
William O. Fiske,
926
George H. Ward,
1001
Jones Frankle, 928
Amiel W. Whipple, 1007
Arthur A. Goodell,
029
Edward A. Wild, · 1009
George HI. Gordon,
932
Erasmus D. Keyes, 945
Ralph W. Kirkham, 948
949
Frederick W. Lander, William II. Lawrence,
. 051
Horace C. Lee,
952
Thomas E. Chickering,
900
Rufus Saxton,
.
995
Nathan A. M. Dudley, .
019
999
1
E { 5 3
1
86
GENERALS :- PAGE
HON. HENRY L. DAWES.
INTRODUCTION.
This work has not been undertaken to feed the pride of Massa- chusetts, nor has any desire crept into it to assert for her soldiers any claim for distinction that shall disparage others. It is under- taken in full recognition of the fact that in the great struggle in which all had a common stake the citizen soldier lost sight of State lines and distinctions in a broader and higher patriotism. It is an endeavor to discharge for Massachusetts a debt which all of the States truc to the Union owe to the valor and sacrifice of their citi- zen soldiery, that, as far as possible, the life they lived and the death they faced that the nation might live may be preserved in all their interesting detail and thrilling incident as a tender memory and an inspiring example. It has fallen to able and brilliant men of literary reputation to write the history of the war and of the causes out of which it sprung, and many valuable books have been written in our own and other States which have put in permanent form for posterity the statistics of the several States in the war, and many and just tributes to individual heroism have illumined the pages of those who have written of its wonderful campaigns and awful battlefields. But few, if any, who, like the author of this book, lived during that terrible period all the phases and met all the experiences of a soldier's life, save that extreme one he saw so many comrades meet, have undertaken to bring out for others to read the manner of life a soldier lived, its different sides and shades, its sunshine-the little there was in it-and the trials and hazards that waited on all its footsteps.
In a marked degree the soldiers of Massachusetts were drawn from every walk in life. Not only did the sons of toil leave the plow and the workshop for the camp, but all classes of her people
viii
INTRODUCTION.
in less arduous and exacting pursuits in life, from all the profes- sions and all the institutions of learning, from the student's cloister and the scholar's retreat, put off the garb of their calling and took their place in the ranks of the soldier. Every Massachusetts regi- ment contained well nigh a complement of artizans skilled in all the handiwork that the exigencies of war might ever require. All varied pursuits and professions had their representatives in cach of our regiments, able, while fighting as common soldiers, to put also the training of their lives, if need be, to the service of their country. This great variety in the character and home habits among the Massachusetts soldiers added greatly to the interesting features of the lives they lived, as well as to the efficiency and value of the service they rendered. The material furnished by this phase of a soldier's life, so abundant in the regiments and camp life of the Massachusetts soldiers, cannot fail to add interest and attraction, almost amounting to romance, when the whole story of their expe- riences and work comes to be told. It will be seen how many times the success of large undertakings. of battles. and even of campaigns, was made certain by, if it did not often hinge apon, the training in civil life and genius in exigency brought into camp as a part of their outfit from that almost infinite variety of pursuit which our soldiers left behind when they answered the call of their coun- try. No Massachusetts regiment was without men in the ranks competent to man and run an engine on a sudden emergency, or repair its machinery if need be, to build a bridge if wanted, black- smiths if they were the need, telegraph operators if the peril of the instant required such service. It seemed as if Massachusetts had sent into the war men educated and trained on purpose to meet, as far as preparation could fit them, the unforeseen chances and casual- ties of war. ' What it fell to those men to do, in critical moments, in averting disaster or insuring success is no small part of the ser- vice our Commonwealth rendered the country.
But in a broader sense, and by a higher standard, did Massachu- setts win imperishable distinction in the war. She furnished no
ix
:
INTRODUCTION.
battlefield for the clash of arms and the spilling of blood, but that great battle of ideas which preceded the war and which the war alone could compose was waged first and fiercest and longest where those that preceded the Revolution were waged. They had a com- mon birthplace, and Faneuil Hall was the cradle of them all. The lineage and even the lineaments of the fathers who agitated, and debated, and threw overboard the tea, could easily be traced in the sons who defied the fugitive slave law and set at liberty Anthony Burns. And when out of the conflict of those ideas came the clash of arms and the shedding of blood, it was but the continuity in Baltimore of the fight on Lexington Green, and the baptizing anew of our own 19th of April with the blood of Massachusetts martyrs. Massachusetts had a Governor in 1861 and during this later war aglow with the same fire and consecrated to the same cause which animated her first war governors-wearing fitly the mantle of John Hancock and Samuel Adams. He had his field glass upon the manœuvres of the enemies of their country, even before they were discovered at the seat of government, and he brought her Legislat- ure up to the work of preparation for the outburst of a long-gath- ering storm, the sure approach of which seemed revealed more clearly to his vision than to that of any others in authority.
Thus it came to pass that our Commonwealth began earlier than any of her sister States the outfitting of soldiers-even before the call for volunteers had been issued by the President-and was in readiness to respond at a day's notice. She sent out also in the person of her great anti-slavery prophet and senator, Charles Sum- ner, the avant courier proclaiming to the world the ideas which dominated the war and setting up the flagstaff along the line of march farther in front than was revealed to the ordinary vision, but up to and even beyond which the forces controlling the conflict impelled the armies and government of the republic. She furnished also the chairman of the military committee of the Senate during the entire war, whose devotion to the arduous duties devolving upon that committee was felt as that of no other man in every army
x
INTRODUCTION.
corps, through all its complicated organization, from the outfit of commander to the tent life of the soldiers in the ranks, in giving efficiency, in inspiring courage, and in securing all possible comfort and care to those braving all and suffering all to which a soldier is exposed in war. Not less useful and essential in achieving success, if less conspicuous, was the service Massachusetts rendered through her delegation in the House of Representatives during the war. It has been recently said by one outside of her borders and not sym- pathizing with her during the great struggle for the Union, that during the period from 1855 to 1875, which covers the conflict out of which the war arose, the war itself, and the period of recon- struction :-
" Whether it was for weal or for woe, whether it was wisely or unwisely done, men may differ and historians may dispute .- but as a matter of fact Massachusetts led America and led her with an audacity and an aggressiveness. with a skill and an eloquence, with a power and force that have never been surpassed in all the tide of time in the leadership of a great people."*
In chronicling the part which the Massachusetts soldier bore in the brunt and flagrant ordeal of war itself, how much more than all else she contributed will one find to relate of patient endurance, of costly sacrifice, of heroic death, and sublime martyrdom in the ranks of her soldiery and among those who commanded and led them. A quarter of a century and more has elapsed since the story of the achievements of our soldiers on distant battlefields was brought back to sorrowing homes among us, told too often on coffin lids, and too frequently for peace or composure in crippled and mangled and wasted sons and brothers coming back to die. And even yet grief and horror, mingling with the pride their valor en- kindles, so disturb us that it is difficult to hold a steady pen when attempting to recount for those who are to come after these our heroes the sacrifice and martyrdom which crowned their lives. Those who had any share in the tragic incidents of the war must
*Mr. Breckinridge of Ky., H. of R., January 19th, 1SS8.
----
xi
INTRODUCTION.
have passed away from among men before the historian will arise whose pen will record or describe those great historical events with the cool indifference of judicial impartiality, but neither history nor patriotism will withhold the debt which is due and the tribute which belongs to the brave soldier till after he shall have passed beyond the knowledge of either. And it is well that it should be so. Contemporaries and participants alone can tell the thrilling and immortal story ; and the intensity of feeling, the burning patriotism and the self-abnegation which, like inspiration, lifted the soldier into a higher atmosphere and awakened in him a new life, can be portrayed in their true colors only by those whose whole being was pervaded and illumined by the light of experience. A single battlefield reproduced in any approach to reality would even now tax the credulity of all whose eyes had never looked upon the scene itself. The historian of Massachusetts in the war will have more than a hundred of these to describe, and will arise from his task sorrowing that his colors are so pale and that his best effort falls so far short of what his own eyes have seen. Nothing but miraculous power can bring back to the minds and hearts of the citizens of to-day, much less to those of future generations, a re- alization of the marvelous and awe-inspiring scenes through which the Massachusetts soldiers marched from Baltimore to Appomat- tox. And yet a failure to attempt this work or to stop in it short of the limit to human endeavor is a dereliction of duty which our Commonwealth cannot afford to condone. There is in it a wealth of patriotie sacrifice, of sublime heroism, and glorious example, of which she cannot disinherit her children. She must take care that it is transmitted to theni, like refined gold, in its original luster, so stamped and so kept that its true lesson and real worth will be recognized of them all, whatever shadow may in the future obscure the path of duty and however formidable the difficulties that may beset their footsteps.
HENRY L. DAWES.
.
JAMES L. BOWEN.
PREFACE.
This book is written from a Massachusetts stand-point. It does not, therefore, attempt to present a general history of the great Civil War, and the author has taken it for granted that the reader will be so far acquainted with the prominent feat- ures of that war that he will trace and duly appreciate the relation of what is here recorded to the great whole. His attempt has been in so far as practicable to record in a con- cise yet comprehensive way the part taken by the Common- wealth -by its government in mecting the demands upon it as an integral part of the Nation; by its statesmen in the halls of Congress and elsewhere; by its military sons in the various fields to which they were called; by its philanthropists in their noble efforts to meet and solve the humanitarian problems which were the outgrowth of the war; and by its sanitary and benevolent associations, which in the best spirit of Christian kindness did so much, so tenderly and so faithfully, to ame- liorate the horrors of warfare.
The attempt to cover in a single volume so great a field has necessitated much research, patient investigation and care- ful verification, with most rigorous condensation. No attempt has been made to build up suppositions as to what might have been under other conditions; it has seemed sufficient to state what was done and the immediate effects of the doing. The basis of the work has naturally been the official records of the Commonwealth, published and unpublished; but these have
xiv
PREFACE.
been supplemented by the records of the Nation, by all avail- able authentic publications, and by valuable contributions of information from participants and others. To the hundreds from whom he has received assistance, direct or indirect, the author can only in this general way express his sincere ap- preciation and tender his thanks.
Few words of explanation are felt to be necessary regarding the plan of the work. In the sketches of organizations, the purpose has been to give the original roster of officers, with some of the more important subsequent changes; to follow the regiment or company in all its wanderings; to give as ac- curately as possible its losses in every conflict in which it took part, and to notice the death of every commissioned offi- cer from the state. In casual references to general officers, the simple title of "General" has commonly been used, as it was deemed sufficiently explicit; while in other grades officers have usually been designated by their actual commissioned and mustered rank. There were many brevets, as well as com- plimentary commissions under which the recipient was not mus- tered into the national service, important to the individual and honorably won, but not coming within the scope of this chroniele. In the Statistical Table following these sketches the author has indulged in some modifications which he believes will make them more accurate and valuable for purposes of comparison, though much more elaborate compilations would be necessary to insure exactness and entire justice. The member- ship column is intended to give approximately the number of individuals (re-enlistments not counted) who served with the organization. Assigned recruits and others who never reported for duty are not counted ; yet it has been necessary to include in some of the regiments and companies large numbers who only served for a short time. In such cases the student should bear in mind that comparisons and percentages must at the best be misleading.
CHAPTER I.
THE ELECTION OF 1860-THE NEW STATE GOVERNMENT-PREPARATORY MEASURES-LOYALTY OF MASSACHUSETTS-OPENING OF HOSTILITIES- THE PRESIDENT'S CALL AND THE SENDING FORTH OF THE MILITIA.
F OUR candidates for the governorship of Massachusetts en- tered the field in the political campaign of 1860, represent- ing the four parties in the presidential contest. John A. Andrew of Boston was the republican candidate, and Erasmus D. Beach of Springfield the Douglas democratic, while the remaining faction's of the democratic party-the Bell-Everett and the Breckin- ridge -- were represented respectively by Amos A. Lawrence of Boston and Benjamin F. Butler of Lowell. The election was held on the 6th of November and the total vote for the four candidates, in- cluding 75 scattering ballots, was 169,609. Mr. Andrew received 104,527, Mr. Beach 35,191, Mr. Lawrence 23,816 and Mr. Butler 6,000; the clear majority of Mr. Andrew over all competitors was 39,445. The entire republican state ticket was elected by about the same majority, and the congressional delegation was wholly republican.
The new state government was inaugurated on the 5th of Janu- ary, 1861. South Carolina had passed the ordinance of secession two weeks before ; three other southern states were on the point of following her example and yet others were taking earnest steps in that direction. The situation was one of grave importance ; civil war was almost a foregone conclusion, and the people naturally turned with anxious thoughts to scan anew the records and the public acts of those who were to be their leaders in such a moment- ous crisis. The new governor of the Old Bay State bore this scrutiny well, and his first official acts were of a nature to inspire confidence in his fitness for the important position to which he had been called. Never a politician in the ordinary sense of the term,
.
2
MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR.
Governor Andrew came to the high and responsible office untram- meled and free to devote the wonderful energies of his nature to the service of the Commonwealth and the nation. Being then in his 43d year, having been born in Maine in 1818, he was in the full possession of his superb mental and physical powers.
John A. Andrew graduated at Bowdoin college at the age of 19, gave a few years to the study of law, and in 1840 was admitted to the bar of Suffolk county, entering an office in Boston. His success in the profession was marked and rapid, so that at the time of his election he undoubtedly stood at the head of the Massachu- setts bar. His public life had been confined to a single term in the state Legislature, though in the previous summer he had been chair- man of the Massachusetts delegation to the republican convention at Chicago, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the presidency. This was in brief what the people of the Commonwealth knew at that time of the man who had been placed at the head of the state government. It was an unstained record, and in the crucial test to which Mr. Andrew was at once subjected, the promise it gave was nobly redeemed.
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