USA > Massachusetts > Barnstable County > Yarmouth > The celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of old Yarmouth, Mass., including the present towns of Yarmouth and Dennis. September 1 and 3, 1889 > Part 1
USA > Massachusetts > Barnstable County > Dennis > The celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of old Yarmouth, Mass., including the present towns of Yarmouth and Dennis. September 1 and 3, 1889 > Part 1
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OLD YARMOUTH
SEPT. 3 RD. 1639 - 1889
4.402 ly 08299
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/celebrationoftwo1639yarm
THE CELEBRATION
-OF THE -
TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
OF THE
FOUNDING OF
OLD YARMOUTH,
MASS,
INCLUDING THE PRESENT TOWNS OF YARMOUTH AND DENNIS.
SEPTEMBER 1 AND 3, 1889.
YARMOUTH : Published by the Committee. 1889.
PRESS OF FRED. HALLETT, YARMOUTHPORT, MASS.
1
1
1408299
CONTENTS.
-
PAGE.
Preliminaries, - 7 - -
Anniversary Hymn, - - 14
Abstract of Church History, 15
Church Celebration, - -
16
Historical Sermon, 19
Words of Welcome, - 35
Address of Greeting, - 36
Address of Mr. Joshua C. Howes, 40
Address of Capt. T. P. Howes, 44
Address of Rev. Geo W. Osgood, - 49 - Address of Rev. L. P. Atwood, 51
Address of Rev. C. A. Bradley, -
53
Letter from Rev. A. K. Packard, 55
Letter from Rev. Jos. B. Clark, - 56 - Town Celebration, 58 1
Prayer of Rev. John W. Dodge, - 62
Oration of Philip Howes Sears, Esq., 64
Original Hymn by Rev. J. W. Dodge, 82 Antiquarian Exhibition, 83 Dinner, 84 - -
PAGE.
President Thacher's Address, - - 85
Lieut. Governor Brackett's Address, - 85
Treasurer Marden's Address, - 88
Mr. Hardy's Address, -
90
Dr. Taylor's Address, - 92
Mr. Crapo's Address, -
98
Poem by Mrs. Mary M. Bray, 100
Address by Rex. J. W. Dodge, - - 106
Capt. Thomas P. Howes's Address, - 110
Judge Darius Baker's Address, - - 112
Dr. Thatcher Thayer's Letter, - 112
Reception and Ball, 1
- 114
Views in Yarmouth and Dennis, - 117
Appendix, Report of the Committee, 1890, - - 147
PRELIMINARIES.
The town of Yarmouth included within its limits until 1794 all that is now comprised in the two towns of Yarmouth and Dennis. It is the founding of the old town, so described, that it was proposed to celebrate and is hence called in this memorial -- Old Yarmouth.
In the warrant of the annual town meeting to be held February 11, 1889, appeared the following articles :
"To see if the town will raise a sum of money not to exceed one thousand dollars to defray the expenses of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary celebration of its in- corporation."
"To see if the town will appoint a committee of arrangements, with full power to carry out all the necessary plans for this celebration, the expenses not to exceed the sum appropriated."
At the town meeting held on the above date the town voted almost unanimously to appropriate the sum named, for such a celebration, and appointed a committee of ten citizens with full powers to act, viz. :
Henry C. Thacher, Rev. John W. Dodge,
Daniel Wing,
John Simpkins,
Charles M. Bray,
Charles F. Swift,
Barnabas C. Howes, John K. Sears,
Thacher T. Hallet, Stephen Wing.
At the first meeting of the committee, held March 12, Elkanah Crowell was elected a member of the committee;
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Henry C. Thacher was chosen chairman ; Charles F. Swift and Elkanah Crowell, vice chairmen; Daniel Wing, secre- tary, and Thacher T. Hallet, treasurer; Messrs. J. Mont- gomery Sears and Nathan Matthews of Boston were voted members of the executive committee.
It was voted to extend a cordial invitation to Dennis to join us in our celebration in this town.
Although it was not deemed best by the citizens of Dennis to unite in a corporate capacity in the celebration, leading citizens of that town entered with enthusiasm in- to the undertaking and at once came forward guarantee- ing the sum of five hundred dollars towards defraying the share of Dennis in the expenses of the celebration.
At a meeting held March 22, the following gentlemen were selected to represent Dennis on the general committee, viz. :
Joshua C. Howes,
Thomas P. Howes,
Obed Baker, 3rd,
James S. Howes,
Luther Fisk,
Watson F. Baker,
Joshua Crowell,
Henry H. Sears,
David Fisk,
Edwin Baxter,
Samuel S. Baker,
Warren Snow,
T. T. Nickerson,
Dr. Sam'l Crowell, Dorchester, F. M. Swift,
P. H. Sears, Boston,
E. H. Cole, Brooklyn.
F. B. Tobey, Chicago,
At a meeting held April 11, Edward Lewis, Freeman Howes, William P. Davis and Dr. Thomas B. Pulsifer were added to the general committee.
At a meeting of the general committee held May 2, the following sub-committees were chosen :
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Henry C. Thacher, T. T. Hallet, Elkanah Crowell,
C. F. Swift,
David Fisk, Luther Hall,
Luther Hall,
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LOCATION, HALLS, ETC. E. D. Payne, Freeman Howes, Seth H. Hamblin, D. B. Crocker, Charles Goodspeed.
RECEPTION.
Fred C. Swift, Obed Baker, 3rd, Cyrus Hall, (Dennis), George T. Thacher, C. M. Underwood, Stephen Sears, Isaac Myrick, C. S. Knowles.
LITERARY EXERCISES.
Thomas P. Howes, C. F. Swift, Rev. J. W. Dodge, Henry G. Crowell, Louis B. Thacher, Henry H. Sears.
DINNER.
D. D. Kelley, T. T. Hallet, Luther Fisk, Sylvanus Evans, I. B. Hall, Sturges Crowell, E. B. Hallett.
PROCESSION.
John Simpkins, T. C. Thacher, James F. Howes, E. W. Eldridge, Charles R. Howes, S. F. Baker.
MUSIC.
Charles B. Corey, Joseph W. Hall, W. N. Stetson, S. S. Baker, A. H. Eldridge, 2d, F. G. Hall, Mrs. Paul F. Sears, Mrs. B. S. Sears, Miss Kate W. Matthews.
ANTIQUARIAN EXHIBITION.
Thomas Matthews, Rev. G. I. Ward, Darius Crowell, Luther Hall, Stephen Wing, W. F. Baker, Mrs. Wm. J. Davis, Miss Maria Matthews.
TRANSPORTATION.
T. W. Swift, E. C. Matthews, A. B. Chase, 2d. POLICE.
Charles M. Bray, Seth Taylor, T. F. Drew, John Small, R. H. Hefler.
PRINTING. Daniel Wing, F. M. Swift, C. W. Swift. DECORATIONS.
Charles Thacher, 2d, Samuel H Thacher, Joshua Sears, Dr. H. Q. Brigham, John G. Thacher, Miss Ruth Simpkins, Mrs. E. D. Payne, Mrs. Watson Thacher, Miss Ruth G. Bray.
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SPORTS. Edward F. Pierce, W. J. Davis, Edwin C. Brown, C. Ritchie Simpkins, Paul F. Sears, James H. Davidson, B. L. Baker, H. D. Loring.
FIRE WORKS.
Alfred Gorham, H. H. Sears, T. T. Nickerson.
BALL.
John Simpkins, H. H. Fisk, Samuel S. Baker, Charles W. Swift, A. C. Snow, D. W. Sears.
AUDITORS.
Elkanah Crowell, J. C. Howes, W. J. Davis.
Luther Hall and Luther Fisk were chosen as vice chair- men on the part of Dennis.
The Committee made the following appointments for the day of celebration :
PRESIDENT, Henry C. Thacher. CHIEF MARSHAL, John Simpkins. CHAPLAINS, Rev. John W. Dodge. (at the church.)
Rev. Jeremiah Taylor, D. D. (at the tent.) ORATOR. Philip H. Sears. POETESS. Mrs. Thomas C. Bray.
Miss Gertrude Alger was invited to write a hymn for the occasion, but being unable to do so by reason of illness, Rev. John W. Dodge was requested to perform that service. The chief Marshal chose the following aids :
Edmund W. Eldridge. Thomas C. Thacher.
The following committee was appointed to prepare and publish a full report of the proceedings of the celebration, viz .:
Henry C. Thacher, Rev. J. W. Dodge, Elkanah Crowell, Daniel Wing, Thomas P. Howes.
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The date of the incorporation of the town was Sept. 3, 1639, O. S. Eleven days would need to be added to make the corresponding date in N. S., but the committee decided that as this was to be an old style celebration they would ad- here to the original day, and fixed for the occasion Sept. 3, 1889.
Invitations were extended to the State government, to our representative in Congress from this District, and to the Cape Cod Association of Boston.
The following official form of invitation was widely sent to natives of the town and others :
YARMOUTH QUARTER-MILLENIAL CELEBRATION. 1639
1889
The town of Yarmouth, together with the inhabitants of Dennis (which was formerly a part of Yarmouth) proposes to celebrate on the third day of September next, the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of its incorporation. In behalf of OLD YARMOUTH, we hereby extend to all of the sons and daughters of her original jurisdiction a cordial in- vitation to be present and participate in the festivities of the occasion.
For the committee on invitations,
DANIEL WING, Chairman.
Yarmouth, July 12, 1889.
The following announcement for the exercises of the day was made in the papers by the executive committee:
OLD YARMOUTH QUARTER-MILLENIAL CELEBRATION.
The 250th anniversary of the settlement of Old Yar- mouth, comprising the present towns of Yarmouth and Dennis, will be appropriately observed on
TUESDAY, September 3, 1889.
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Upon the arrival of the special train from Boston, about 10 o'clock A. M., a procession will form at railroad avenue, and proceed to the First Congregational church, where an
HISTORICAL ADDRESS
will be delivered by Philip Howes Sears, Esq., of Boston, and other appropriate exercises will occur. These exercises are open to the public.
A DINNER
will be served in a tent north of the school house, by an ex- perienced caterer, to which tickets are on sale in the various villages and in Boston, after which speeches will be expected from His Excellency the Governor, His Honor the Lieutenant Governor, Hon. John E. Sanford, Rev. Dr. Taylor, Hon. W. W. Crapo, Hon. George A. Marden, Rev. John W. Dodge, Hon. Charles S. Randall, Capt. Thomas P. Howes and others to be announced. A series of
OUT DOOR SPORTS
will be provided and fire works in the evening.
A BALL
will be given in the evening at the Nobscuseett House, Dennis.
As the founding of the First Congregational church was coeval with the settlement of the town, and the ten existing religious societies are in some sense offshoots from it, it was deemed best to observe its two hundred and fiftieth anniver- sary in connection with the town celebration. Accordingly, the following invitation was sent to each of the churches within the limits of the old town :
"You are cordially invited to unite with us in celebrat- ing the Quarter Millenial Anniversary of the First Church in Old Yarmouth on Sunday, September 1. At the morning service there will be a Historical discourse, followed by the Communion of the Lord's Supper. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon there will be a second service and responses to
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greetings will be expected from invited churches of Yarmouth and Dennis. A collation will be served in the vestry at noon."
Fraternally Yours, JOHN W. DODGE, Pastor, SAMUEL THACHEE, EDWARD B. HALLETT, E. DEXTER PAYNE, ISAAC B. GAGE.
Committee.
Yarmouth, August, 12, 1889.
The invitation was cordially accepted, and the follow- ing programme of exercises was prepared by the committee : 1639 THE 1889
QUARTER-MILLENIAL ANNIVERSARY OF THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF YARMOUTH MASS. SEPT. 1, 1889.
PROGRAMME. Morning service at a quarter to 11 o'clock. Anthem and Doxology. Invocation. Responsive Reading of the 107th Psalm. Gloria Patri. Scripture Selections. Prayer, Rev. J. Taylor, D. D., of Boston. Hymn, 216 Sabbath Hymns, "O God of Bethel by whose hand," etc. Historical Sermon, by the Pastor, Rev. John W. Dodge. Hymn, 1115, "O God, beneath thy guiding hand." Lord's Supper.
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Rev. Dr. Taylor and the Pastor officiating. Hymn, 1055. Benediction. Collation served at half past 1 P. M. in the vestry. Afternoon service at 3 o'clock. Organ Voluntary. Anthem. Prayer, by Rev. C. A. Bradley. Singing by a Quartette. Welcome by the Pastor. Greetings by the Mother church, extended by Rev. Jeremiah Taylor, D. D. ANNIVERSARY HYMN.
BY REV. JOEL S. IVES.
God of our Fathers, here we raise Our grateful hearts in joyful praise ; Thy hand hath led us hitherto,
Thy hand shall lead the journey through.
Two hundred years and fifty more Since there arose by yonder shore This ancient church; she lives to-day, Though centuries have rolled away.
The story of her hopes and fears, Her struggles, victories, prayers and tears We tell to-day. The bright'ning page Unfolds our goodly heritage.
Faith, hope and love can never die ; Recorded are her vows on high. Unnumbered souls-a glorious throng- Are witness to our prayer and song.
Hail Ancient Church ! Lift high thy voice ! Through centuries yet to come, rejoice ! The Church Triumphant waits, and we Shall join the immortal company.
Responses by Representatives of Invited Churches. Reading of Letters, etc.
15 Hymn 1116. Sabbath Hymns. "O Lord our Fathers oft have told," etc. Benediction.
ABSTRACT OF HISTORY.
CHURCH FOUNDED 1639.
-
PASTORS :
Rev. Marmaduke Matthews,
1639-1646 (?)
Rev. John Miller,
1647-1661
Rev Thomas Thornton,
1667-1693
Rev. John Cotton,
. 1693-1705
Rev. Daniel Greenleaf,
1708-1727
Rev. Thomas Smith,
1729-1754
Rev. Grindall Rawson,
1755-1760
Rev. Joseph Green, Jr.,
·
1762-1768
Rev. Timothy Alden,
1769-1828
Rev. Nathaniel Cogswell,
1822-1851
Rev. Abel K. Packard,
1851-1859
Rev. Joseph B. Clark,
1861-1868
Rev. John W. Dodge,
. 1868
The East Precinct was organized into a separate church in 1727, receiving the name of Dennis in 1794.
West Yarmouth became a distinct parish in 1840. The church has had four houses of worship.
.
.
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·
THE CHURCH CELEBRATION.
As the organization of the Church antedated, by several months, the incorporation of the town, it was fitting that the occasion should be introduced by the church anniversary. The morning of the Sabbath, Sept. 1, opened bright and beautiful. Nature was in her loveliest attire,-for the sea- son had been rainy and the verdure was unwontedly fresh. The entire day passed without a cloud to mar its beauty. The occasion had been anticipated with great interest, and the enthusiam could be felt in the very air. Long before the time of service the people began to arrive from the various sections of the two towns, nearly all the regular services having been surrendered to allow the people to avail themselves of the opportunity to attend the anniversary. The church was filled to its utmost capacity, settees being brought in to allow all available space to be occupied. The church had been elaborately decorated with evergreen, and on the platform in the rear of the pulpit was an evergreen arch, with the inscription :
1639 ANNIVERSARY 1889.
Potted plants filled the space around and in front of the pulpit, with bouquets of cut flowers. The pastor was assisted by Rev. Jeremiah Taylor, D. D., of Boston, grandson of Rev. Timothy Alden, one of the former pastors of the church. The choir was made up of representatives of the different societies, and in the forenoon was under the charge of Mr.
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Andrew Eldridge, 2d, chorister of the First Congregational church ; in the afternoon, of Mr. Isaac Gorham of New York.
The program as already given was faithfully carried out.
The following were the Scripture Selections :
Hebrews, 11th chap. 1st to 10th verse, inclusive; 11th chap. 32d verse to 12th chap. 2d verse, inclusive ; Hebrews, 13th chap. 7th to 21st verse :
1 Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the ev- idence of things not seen.
2 For by it the elders obtained a good report.
3 Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear.
4 By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacri- fice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts: and by it he being dead yet speaketh.
5 By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him : for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God.
6 But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him.
7 By faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house ; by the which he condemned the world, and be- came heir of the righteousness which is by faith.
8 By faith Abraham, when he was called to go out into a place which he should after receive for an inheritance, obeyed; and he went out, not kowing whither he went.
9 By faith he sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country, dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise :
10 For he looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God.
32 And what shall I more say? for the time would fail me to tell of Gedeon, and of Barak, and of Samson, and of Jephthae; of David also, and Samuel, and of the prophets:
33 Who through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of Lions.
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34 Quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of weakness were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, turned to flight the armies of the aliens.
35 Women received their dead raised to life again: and others were tortured, not accepting deliverance; that they might obtain a better resurrection :
36 And others had trial of cruel mockings and scourg- ings, yea, moreover of bonds and imprisonment :
37 They were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with the sword : they wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins ; being destitute, afflicted, tormented ;
38 (of whom the world was not worthy :) they wand- ered in deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth.
39 And these all, having obtained a good report through faith, received not the promise :
40 God having provided some better thing for us, that they without us should not be made perfect.
CHAP. XII. 1 Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us.
2 Looking unto Jesus the author and. finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.
CHAP. XIII. 7 Remember them which have the rule over you, who have spoken unto you the word of God; whose faith follow, considering the end of their conversation :
8 Jesus Christ the same yesterday, and to-day, and for- ever.
9 Be not carried about with divers and strange doc- trines. For it is a good thing that the heart be establish- ed with grace; not with meats, which have not profited them that have been occupied therein.
10 We have an altar, whereof they have no right to eat which serve the tabernacle.
11 For the bodies of those beasts, whose blood is brought into the sanctuary by the high priest for sin, are burned without the camp.
12 Wherefore Jesus also, that he might sanctify the peo- ple with his own blood, suffered without the gate.
13 Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp, bearing his reproach.
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14 For here have we no continuing city, but we seek one to come.
15 By him therefore let us offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, thefruit of our lips giving thanks to his name.
16 But to do good and to communicate forget not: for with such sacrifices God is well pleased.
17 Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves : for they watch for your souls, as they that must give an account, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable for you.
18 Pray for us : for we trust we have a good conscience, in all things willing to live honestly.
19 But I beseech you the rather to do this, that I may be restored to you the sooner.
20 Now the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant,
21 Make you perfect in every good work to do his will, working in you that which is well pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ; to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.
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The Quarter Millenial prayer was offered by Rev. Jer- emiah Taylor, D. D., of Boston.
The Historical sermon was preached by the pastor of the church, Rev. John W. Dodge.
THE HISTORICAL SERMON.
ROMANS 9 : 7 .- " Whose are the fathers."
It was a bright feather in the cap of the Jew that he was descended from the three great patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. God had even condescended to name himself from them. Their national covenant or constitution had been ratified by them. They were only building in all their later history on foundations laid by them. God was favora- ble to them for the fathers' sakes, and all their prosperity was a fulfilling of the mercy promised to the fathers. The mountain where their fathers worshipped was almost as sacred on their account as for the worship itself, and even
20
the wells they had dug and drunk from were unequalled by any of more modern days. And though they lost in later times the spirit of those fathers, they garnished their sep- ulchres and held their names in veneration. In all this they were expressing not merely a national, but a natural instinct. Of all peoples it is true that "the glory of children are their fathers," and the children of the Pilgrims are by no means wanting in this spirit. Especially is this true of the earliest churches founded near the original spot of the landing, and during the next decade after their arrival. Of them it may be emphatically said, "Whose are the fathers." It is to honor their memory that we are assembled to-day after the lapse of 250 years, and not theirs only or chiefly, but Him whose servants they were, "for they got not the land in possession by their own sword, neither did their own arm save them, but thy right hand and thine arm and the light of thy countenance because thou hadst a favor unto them."- Psalms 44: 3.
It may be well at the outset, for the satisfaction of my younger hearers, to give the reason for the separate recogni- tion of this anniversary by the church. Ordinarily in our day the organization of the church follows after the settle- ment of the town as called for by the growing needs of the community. But in the planting of New England the church took precedence of the town. They came to enjoy freedom for their religion. "They sought a faith's pure shrine." The preamble of one of the laws of the Plymouth Colony runs in this way: "Inasmuch as the several town- ships were granted by the government in consideration that such a company might be received as should maintain the public worship of God among them." So the town was or- ganized to be a protection for the church, or perhaps you may say a pedestal on which the church should rise. So it was very natural that no distinct settlement could be recog- nized as a town unless it had its church and minister. That was the case here. The church anteceded the incorporation of the town by several months. And for that reason we do
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well to give it the place of honor.
I am not called upon to tell the story of the old church to- day, for that has already been done on another occasion so far as the imperfect state of the records permitted. I design only to touch upon some points in the early history that are most characteristic, and so bring out as faithful a picture as possible of the fathers and their work.
In 1639, probably in March, the original settlers came to Mattacheese in a body, a few having preceded them the fall before. Sandwich had been settled in 1637 by a few families, but with so little growth that the church was not organized till October, 1639, with Rev. Wm. Leveridge as pastor, and ten years later had only eleven male members. The Barnstable church was organized in London in 1616, re- moved with its pastor to Holland in 1608, came to New England and settled in Scituate in 1634, and in 1639 re- moved to Barnstable with their pastor, Rev. John Lothrop. These were their only neighbors for five years, when in 1644 Eastham began to be settled, though no church was organ- ized till Mr. John Mayo from Boston came to them in 1646, as a teacher. After that no more new plantations were made or churches formed for that century, except an Indian church at Mashpee in 1670.
It may be of interest to associate with the year of the founding of this church the fact that it was the first of Mr. William Bradford's long and honorable service as Governor, of whom it has been said that "he would have done honor to any age." With him in the colonial government as assis- tants were Thomas Prince, Miles Standish, John Alden, John Brown, Wm. Collier, Timothy Hatherly and John Jenney. The saintly Elder Brewster, then an old man of eighty, was still the minister at Plymouth, a kind of holy father for the younger ministry. (First Baptist church in Providence was organized the same year.)
Let us now for a moment attempt to recall the scene that the little handful of pioneers looked out upon as they began their work of faith and labor of love in the patience of
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hope. There is more in the landscape here that remains un- changed than would be true in an inland region. The same romantic charm hovers over these ocean shores that encircle the Bay. The sea gull still poises with white, shining breast and tapering wings over the purple sands. The mirage still plays over the distant prospect in the hazy air, while the noble ocean sweep from Manomet to the yellow hills of Truro is as glorious as in the days of old. The surf on yonder beach breaks in snowy foam and the spray is blown back by summer winds in the same youthful caprice of eternal freedom. The open marshes spread out their green, inviting bosom as they do to-day, inviting'the mower to cut his unearned harvest and Lone Tree even then lifted itself as a landmark for the measuring lines of the first dwellers on the upland borders. All over the spot on which we stand to- day, stood heavier growths than any we now witness about us, of pine and oak and beech and birch, and perhaps also ash and walnut, for the soil had not been exhausted by un- thrifty farming. And what is still more difficult for us to imagine, the Nobscussett, a mild type of Indian, under their sachem, Mashantampaigne, might have been seen anywhere by the adventurous stroller in Mattacheese, Hockonom or Nobscussett.
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