A History of Bristol County, Massachusetts, vol 3, Part 16

Author: Hutt, Frank Walcott, 1869- editor
Publication date: 1924
Publisher: New York, Chicago, Lewis historical Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 528


USA > Massachusetts > Bristol County > A History of Bristol County, Massachusetts, vol 3 > Part 16


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79


Mr. Shove married, in 1849, Rachel E. Haines, of Lockport, New York, daughter of Jesse P. Haines, Mr. and Mrs. Shove were the parents of six children: Ellen M., Charles M., of further men- tion; Sarah; Alice; Mary; and Edward, a cotton manufacturer and broker, born December 13, 1864, died July 27, 1909.


Charles M. Shove, eldest son and second child of Charles O. and Rachel E. (Haines) Shove, was born at Fall River, Massachusetts, July 15, 1853,


Eng by E G Williams & Bro NY


Leuns Historical Pub Co


W Frank Shows


145


BIOGRAPHICAL


and there yet resides, one of the oldest mill treas- urers of his city in point of years of actual service. His education, begun in the public schools, was con- tinued for two years in Massachusetts Institute of Technology, after which, in 1872, at the age of nineteen, he entered business life as a clerk in the office of the Granite Mills, founded by his father in 1863. Upon the death of Charles O. Shove his son, Charles M. Shove, was elected treasurer of the corporation, the Granite Mills, an office which he has held for forty-eight years, dating from Sep- tember 1, 1875. He is also a director of the Bourne Mills; a director of the Massasoit National Bank and its successor, the Massasoit-Pocasset Na- tional Bank, since 1876, and now its president; director of the Manufacturers' Mutual Fire Insur- ance Company of Fall River, and has other inter- ests of scarcely less importance.


In politics Mr. Shove is a Republican, but while keenly alive to his responsibilities as a citizen, has steadfastly declined public office. He is a charter member of the Quequechan Club, and a member of other organizations of the city, and is highly regarded by his contemporaries of the business world in which he moves.


Charles M. Shove married (first) in 1880, Annie H. Stickney, daughter of Charles P. Stickney. He married (second) in 1893, Laura Gross; and (third) Mrs. Lucy G. (Hayes) Booth, of New Bedford, Massachusetts. Children: Margaret; Helen, who married Robert R. Borden, and Eleanor, who mar- ried Richard Osborn.


WALTER FRANK SHOVE-In Fall River, Massachusetts, a city famous in the textile history as the greatest of all Massachusetts cities in certain lines of manufacture, Mr. Shove is perhaps best known as treasurer of the Pocasset Manufacturing Company, a place of responsibility he has now ac- ceptably and efficiently filled for more than three de- cades. But that is but one of the responsibilities he car- ries, his interests being wide and varied. He is a native son of Fall River, and his years, sixty-five, have all been spent in the city of his birth, that city af- fording him education, business opportunity and business prominence. Mr. Shove is of the seventh generation of the family founded in New England by Rev. George Shove (see preceding sketch of Charles M. Shove for ancestry).


Benjamin Slade Shove, son of Clarke Shove, of the fifth generation, was born October 25, 1826, and died April 12, 1867. In early life he was a mariner, and in 1849 joined the "gold-seekers," and in Cali- fornia bought a half-interest in a coasting vessel. His mother died in 1855, and he then closed out his interests in California and returned to Fall River, where he was engaged as a rigger, but at the time of his early death, at the age of forty- one, he had just entered into a partnership with his brother, Clarke Shove, to engage in the coal business in Fall River. He married Annie F. Coolidge, who was born in Weymouth, Massa- chusetts, July 12, 1835, and died in Fall River. They were the parents of three children: Walter


Frank, of further mention; Benjamin Clarke, of Fall River; and Annie Borden, who married William Hampton, of Fall River.


Walter Frank Shove, eldest son of Benjamin Slade and Annie F. (Coolidge) Shove, was born at Fall River, Massachusetts, August 12, 1858, and was educated in the public schools of his city. He was nine years of age when his father died, and at the age of sixteen he left high school, and in May, 1874, began the duties of clerk in the Fall River post office, that being his first position. He con- tinued under Postmaster Shaw and his successor, Chester Green, until July, 1880, then for eighteen months was second clerk in the Union Mill. At the end of that period he was promoted to the position of bookkeeper, a position he retained for nine and one-half years. In April, 1891, he was elected treasurer of the Pocasset Manufacturing Company, a position he is yet holding (May, 1923). When Mr. Shove succeeded Bradford D. Davol as treasurer, the Pocasset Mill was operating 60,000 spindles; in 1912, 120,000; and at the present time 123,000 spindles. In 1894 Mr .. Shove was elected treasurer of the Metacomet and Anawan Mills, holding until their sale to the Iron Works Company. He was elected treasurer of the Fall River Manufactory in 1900, that company later being purchased by the Pocasset Manufacturing Company. He was formerly treasurer of the Wind- ham Manufacturing Company, of Willimantic, Con- necticut, and in February, 1905, became treasurer of the Wampanoag Mills, holding until 1915, when he was elected president. His official positions now are: Treasurer of the Pocasset Manufacturing Com- pany; president of the Wampanoag Mills; and treasurer of the Arctic Ice and Cold Storage Com- pany, all of Fall River, but he has other interests of importance. He is one of the strong men of the Fall River business community, and has been a factor in the manufacturing life of the city of his birth and life-time residence .. He was from 1918 to 1920 president of the National Association of Cotton Manufacturers; and is a member of the executive committee and a former president of the Fall River Cotton Manufacturing Association. He is affiliated with King Philip Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; Fall River Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Godfrey de Bouillon Commandery, Knights Templar, of which he is a past eminent commander; also a member of the Massachusetts Consistory (thirty-second degree). In politics Mr. Shove is classified as an Independent.


Mr. Shove married, September 5, 1883, Clara L. Ackley, daughter of Almerin L. and Elizabeth (Holman) Ackley.


FRANK L. CARPENTER-As treasurer of the Davis Mills, an office he has filled for the past fourteen years, 1909-23, Mr. Carpenter holds important position in the textile industry, in which Fall River is famous. He is a son of Joseph Wilmarth Car- penter, a great-great-grandson of Colonel Thomas Carpenter, and a descendant of William Carpenter, who came to Boston, in May, 1638, but returned to


Bristol -- 2-10


146


BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS


England in the same vessel, his son William (1) Carpenter, fifth of the name, and of the eleventh recorded generation of the family, being the Ameri- can ancestor of this branch of the Carpenter family in New England. The history of the Carpenter family in England states that they bore arms, thus described :


Arms-Argent, a greyhound passant; a chief sable.


Crest-A greyhound's head, erased per fesse sable and argent. Motto-Celeritas, virtus, fidelitas.


These armorial bearings were granted to the Car- penter family of Cobham, Surrey and Sussex, Eng- land, March 4, 1663, and were engraved on the tombstone of Daniel Carpenter, of Rehoboth, Mas- sachusetts, who was born in 1669. Herefordshire, was the family seat. The English family in this line is traced to about the year 1300, but undoubt- edly goes further back.


(I) John Carpenter, born about 1303, had a seat . in the English parliament in 1325.


(II) Richard Carpenter, son of John Carpenter, was born about 1335, and became a wealthy gold- smith.


(III) John (2) Carpenter, son of Richard Car- penter, was a cousin of that John Carpenter, town clerk of London, who died in 1442.


(IV) John (3) Carpenter, son of John (2) Car- penter, died about the year 1500.


(V) William Carpenter, son of John (3) Car- penter, born about 1440, lived at Homme, and died in 1520.


(VI) James Carpenter was the son of William Carpenter.


(VII) John (4) Carpenter was the son of James Carpenter.


(VIII) William (2) Carpenter, son of John (4) Carpenter, was born about 1520, and died in 1550.


(IX) William (3) Carpenter, son of William (2) Carpenter, was born about 1540.


(X) William (4) Carpenter, son of William (3) Carpenter, was born in England about 1576 and lived in London. He came in the ship "Bevis" from Southampton, landing in Boston, Massachusetts, in May, 1638, but returned in the same vessel, having come over only to aid his son, William (5), to secure a location.


(XI) William (5) Carpenter, the American an- cestor, son of William (4) Carpenter, was born in England in 1605, and died in Rehoboth, Massachu- setts, February 7, 1659. He was first at Weymouth, and was there May 13, 1640, when admitted a free- man; was deputy from that town, 1641-43, and from Rehoboth in 1645; also constable in 1641 and proprietor's clerk of Weymouth in 1643. He drew Lot 18, in the division of lands at Rehoboth, June 30, 1644, and was admitted an inhabitant of that town, March 28, 1645. Through his influence and exertion the grant of Seekonk, later called Rehoboth, was made by the General Court at Plymouth, and in 1647 he was one of the directors of the town. He had charge of most of the legal business of the town and was evidently of superior education. He contributed to the. funds for King Philip's War. As early as 1642 he was commissioned a captain,


and called upon to protect the owners of Pawtuxet lands. He served on the committee that laid out the road from Rehoboth to Dedham. He was an intimate friend of Governor Bradford, who married his cousin, Alice. His wife, Abigail, died Febru- ary 22, 1687. Children: John, born about 1628, in England; William, born about 1631; Joseph, born in 1633; Hannah, born in Weymouth, April 3, 1640; Abiah, born April 9, 1643; Abigail, twin of Abiah; Samuel, mentioned below.


(XII) Samuel Carpenter, son of William (5) Carpenter, was born in 1644, and died in Rehoboth, February 20, 1683. He was one of those making the North Purchase, in which he was allotted land February 5, 1671. He also contributed to King Philip's War fund. He became wealthy for his day. He married, May 25, 1660, Sarah Readaway, and she married (second) Gilbert Brooks. Children, born at Rehoboth: Samuel, born September 15, 1661; Sarah, born January 11, 1663; Abiah, mentioned below; James, born April 12, 1668; Jacob, born September 5, 1670; Jonathan, born December 11, 1672; David, born April 17, 1675; Solomon, born December 23, 1677; Zachariah, born July 1, 1680; and Abraham, born September 20, 1682.


(XIII) Abiah Carpenter, son of Samuel Car- penter, was born at Rehoboth, February 10, 1665- 66, and died in April, 1732. He was a farmer and wheelwright, and served as ensign in the militia. He married (first) in Rehoboth, May 30, 1690, Me- hitable Read, born in August, 1660, died March 19, 1701-02; married (second) June 7, 1702, Sarah Read, who died July 17, 1724; married (third) July 16, 1726, Mary Ormsby. Children by his first wife, born at Rehoboth: Abiah, born April 21, 1691; Thomas, mentioned below; Mehitable, born Novem- ber 15, 1694; Samuel; Sarah, born in 1696; Rachel, born May 19, 1699; Peter, born April 22, 1701. By second wife: Mary, born March 4, 1704; and Cor- nelius, born August 20, 1707.


(XIV) Thomas Carpenter, son of Abiah Car- penter, was born at Rehoboth, November 8, 1692, and died May 3, 1779. He was a farmer, and deacon of the Rehoboth church. He married there, January 17, 1720-21, Mary Barstow. She died April 28, 1783, aged seventy-eight years. Children, born in Rehoboth: May, born September 22, 1723; Peter, born September 22, 1723; Rachel, born April 14, 1731; Captain Thomas (2), mentioned below; Caleb, born September 21, 1736.


(XV) Colonel Thomas (2) Carpenter, son of Thomas Carpenter, was born at Rehoboth, October 24, 1733. He was a farmer. In 1775 he was deputy to the General Court. He was commissioned colonel of the Bristol County Militia Regiment, under General Lincoln, at Boston, November 28, 1776. He served in the Rhode Island campaigns in 1778, 1779 and 1780. He rose to this rank from. a private. He was captain October 7, 1774, and was on the County Committee of Safety, etc., 1775; was delegate to the Provincial Congress at Cambridge, February 1, 1775, and at Watertown, May 31, 1775. He was one of the committee to fix the pay of soldiers and officers in June, 1775, and on a com-


147


BIOGRAPHICAL


mittee to devise ways and means to prevent the conveyance of information to the enemy later in that year. After the campaign about Boston, Colonel Thomas (2) Carpenter's regiment marched to join Washington's army, and arrived just before the battle of White Plains, New York. They were not in the battle, being used as reserves, four miles away, but had a slight skirmish in which three men were wounded. He was with his regiment on Long Island, in action, August 29, 1778, and was dis- tinguished for bravery. Several of his men from Rehoboth were killed there. Colonel Carpenter is described as very large and portly in later years. He married, in Rehoboth, December 26, 1754, Eliz- abeth Moulton. He died April 26, 1807, at Reho- both. His wife died there May 17, 1804. Children, all born in Rehoboth: Elizabeth, born December 22, 1755; Thomas, born March 6, 1758; Sarah, born October 10, 1760; William, born April 15, 1763; James, born September 15, 1764; Stephen, mentioned below; James, born September 15, 1767; Rebecca, born September 14, 1769; Nathan, born June 17, 1772; Peter, born October 5, 1773; Nathan, born August 27, 1776.


(XVI) Stephen Carpenter, son of Colonel Thomas (2) Carpenter, was born in Rehoboth, November 5, 1765. He was also a farmer in his native town. He married there, in January, 1790, Hannah Wil- marth. Children, born in Rehoboth: Hannah, born October 22, 1791; Stephen (2) mentioned below; Maria, born September 2, 1796; William M., born April 5, 1798; Joseph Wilmarth, born November 24, 1801; Samuel Bliss, born June 15, 1804; Ira Winsor, born May 19, 1807; Abigail Whipple, born July 28, 1810; and Francis Henry, born April 24, 1813.


(XVII) Stephen (2) Carpenter, son of Stephen Carpenter, was born at Rehoboth, September 19, 1793, and resided in that part of Tiverton now in- cluded within the limits of the city of Fall River. He kept a tavern. He died September 28, 1841. He married, February 15, 1825, Mary P. (Lawton) Douglas, widow of Benjamin Douglas. Children, born in Tiverton: 1. Stephen Henry, born January 30, 1826, died June 28, 1827. 2. William Moulton, born May 30, 1827; married, May 20, 1861, Eunice Walker Bishop, born December 23, 1821, died No- vember 3, 1889; he was a dry goods dealer; he died April 4, 1868. 3. Joseph Wilmarth, mentioned be- low. 4. George Washington, born November 25, 1830, died December 21, 1832.


(XVIII) Joseph Wilmarth Carpenter, son of Stephen (2) Carpenter, was born in Tiverton, June 28, 1828, and was educated in the public schools there. When a young man he learned the trade of machine engraving in the cloth printing industry. Subse- quently, he was in partnership with his brother, William M., in the retail dry goods business in Providence, Rhode Island. Their store was burned after they had been in business a number of years, and the firm was then dissolved. He then started a grocery business in Fall River, having a store at the corner of Main and Rodman streets, and con- ducted it until he was elected city messenger and sealer of weights and measures, which office he


held for fifteen years. Among his duties was the superintendence of the city hall, renting the hall and stores, and providing for supplies for the offices. From 1872 to 1879 he lived in Berkley and con- ducted a farm that he bought in that town. Upon his return to Fall River he was again called into the service of the city, and in addition to the care of the city hall he held the office of sealer of weights and measures. He resigned these offices a few years later to engage in the manufacture of roll coverings in Fall River, and continued until he was obliged by age and ill health to retire. He died in Fall River, February 24, 1894, and was buried in Oak Grove Cemetery. For many years he was a member of the Volunteer Fire Department of Fall River, and secretary of the famous old Cascade Fire Company.


Mr. Carpenter married, November 10, 1853, Phoebe Kershaw, who was born February 13, 1831, in Cheadle, England, a daughter of James W. and Mary R. (Barnes) Kershaw. She died April 20, 1895. Children, born in Fall River: 1. Joseph Wil- marth, born September 4, 1855, died in Worcester, October 30, 1899; a traveling salesman; married Anna Barney. 2. Annie E., born February 22, 1858; teacher in the public schools of Fall River for several years; married Moses F. Brierly, of Worces- ter. 3. Mary A., born July 17, 1860, teacher in the John J. McDonough School, of Fall River. 4. Ed- ward M., born May 23, 1863; married Alice Bay- hurst; resides in Fall River. 5. Frank L., mentioned below.


(XIX) Frank L. Carpenter, son of Joseph Wil- marth Carpenter, was born in Fall River, January 3, 1868. He attended the public schools of his native city, and was graduated from the B. M. C. Durfee High School in the class of 1887. He then began to study for the profession of architect in the office of Ichabod B. Burt, of Fall River, but a year later became a clerk in the office of the Durfee Mills. In 1889 he accepted the position of assistant bookkeeper of the Sagamore Manufacturing Com- pany, and in 1892 became head-bookkeeper for the Fall River Iron Works Company, filling that posi- tion until September 14, 1909, when he was elected treasurer of the Davis Mills, succeeding Arthur H. Mason, and in this office he has continued to the present time. The uniform growth and prosperity of the mills under his management have been due in large part to his executive ability and energy.


Mr. Carpenter is a director of the Massasoit- Pocasset National Bank; a trustee of the Union Savings Bank; a member of the corporation of the Fall River Savings Bank; and he serves the Brad- ford Durfee Textile School as a trustee. He is the president of the Kilburn and Lincoln Machine Company, of Fall River; a member of the Fall River Cotton Manufacturing Association; and the National Cotton Manufacturers' Association. He is a member of the Masonic order, affiliated with King Philip Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, of which he is a past master; Fall River Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Fall River Council, Royal and Select Mas- ters; of which he is a past thrice illustrious master;


148


BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS


Godfrey de Bouillon Commandery, Knights Tem- plar, of which he is past eminent commander; and a member of the Massachusetts and Rhode Island Association of Knights Templar commanders. In the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite he has attained the thirty-second degree, Massachusetts Consistory, Supreme Princes of the Royal Secret; and is a past sovereign prince of Samuel C. Lawrence Council, Princes of Jerusalem, one of the constituent bodies of that consistory. He is a charter member of Puri- tan Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and was master of finance of that lodge for several years. In politics he is a Republican, and his clubs are: the Que- quechan; Fall River Country, of Fall River; the Acoaxet Country of Westport, the Republican of Massachusetts, the Arkwright, and the Home Mar- ket of Boston, of which latter he is a vice-president; and the Southern New England Textile Club.


At Fall River, on September 20, 1893, Frank L. Carpenter married, Annie P. Brightman, a daughter of Pardon M. and Rachel D. (Pickering) Bright- man. Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter are the parents of a daughter, Isabel, born' July 22, 1899, married, June 10, 1922, Edward H. Bowen, of the firm of Gifford & Bowen, cotton brokers, of Fall River.


OLIVER SNOW (2) HAWES-The name Oliver Snow Hawes was borne in Fall River, Massachu- setts, most worthily for thirty-five years by a man who passed away three years before his grandson, the present bearer of the name, was born, and he, since becoming the custodian of the name, has borne it none the less worthily, but with the difference in times and conditions he has advanced its importance in the busi- ness world, and it is now found heading the list of officers of Fall River's important banks, manufactur- ing corporations and firms. The grandfather created a prestige for the name of Hawes in Fall River hard to equal or eclipse, for of him his biographer said: "He was one of the very few bold, self-reliant, clear- minded, strong-willed, iron-nerved and unyielding men who laid the foundations and reared the superstructure of this thriving city, and his memory should and ever will be held sacred among its citizens." This man, Oliver Snow (1) Hawes, was in his day one of the leading business men of Fall River, was an able finan- cier as well as a skilled, practical machinist, and pos- sessed rare executive powers. He was large of physique, of commanding presence, a man of genial, kindly nature, wishing everybody well and treating everybody well. Such a man was the first Oliver Snow Hawes, who passed from the scene of action in 1857, leaving sons to perpetuate the name. To his grandson, Oliver Snow Hawes, has fallen in a generous degree the fine business qualities characteristic of the grand- sire, and he has employed his legacy to such good purpose that he holds a leading position among the men who have built the business superstructure which has arisen upon the foundations laid by such men as Oliver Snow (1) Hawes.


Like his father, Oliver Snow (2) Hawes is a native son, a member in the eighth generation of the family founded in Dedham, Massachusetts, by Edward Hawes, born about 1620, and died in 1686. The line of descent


is thus traced to Oliver S. (2) Hawes, of Fall River : (I) Edward Hawes and his wife, Eliony Lombard; (II) Their son, Daniel Hawes, and his first wife, Abiel Gay; (III) their son, Daniel (2) Hawes, and his first wife, Beriah Man; (IV) their son, Aaron Hawes, and his wife, Mary Snow; (V) their son, Lieutenant James Hawes, and his wife, Jemima Far- rington; (VI) their son, Oliver Snow Hawes, and his second wife, Patience Borden Cook; (VII) their son, William M. Hawes, and his wife, Louisa Buffum; (VIII) their son, Oliver Snow (2) Hawes.


Oliver Snow (1) Hawes, of the sixth generation, was born in Wrentham, Massachusetts, June 2, 1791, and died at Fall River, Massachusetts, September 19, 1857. He became a skilled machinist, working in Massachusetts and Maine, settling at Fall River, where he became a member of the firm of Harris, Hawes & Company, operating a machine shop, a busi- ness which was succeeded by O. S. Hawes & Com- pany, which in 1839 became Hawes, Marvel & Davol, Mr. Hawes continuing its head until his death. In 1879, two decades after his death, the business was absorbed by the Fall River Iron Works.


William M. Hawes, son of Oliver Snow (1) and Patience Borden (Cook) Hawes, was born at Fall River, Massachusetts, March 1, 1833, and there died, February 16, 1898, and was buried in Oak Grove Cem- etery. He was educated in Fall River schools, and at an early age began learning the machinist's trade with his father's firm, Hawes, Marvel & Davol, remaining in that employ until the death of his father in 1857. He then organized the firm of William M. Hawes & Company, machinery manufacturers, which later be- came the Hawes Machine Company. He continued in active business life until August, 1892, when he re- tired, his death following six years later. He was interested in public affairs, and served his city as councilman and water commissioner, being president of the Common Council in 1880. He was an active mem- ber of the First Congregational Church, and superin- tendent of the Sunday school; was one of the found- ers and first officers of the Young Men's Christian Association in Fall River; an official of the Children's Friend Society, later consolidated with the Orphan's Home, both now included in the Children's Home.


William M. Hawes married, in North Berwick, Maine, May 5, 1858, Louisa Buffum, born in North Berwick, February 6, 1838, died at Fall River, Sep- tember 12, 1912, daughter of Cyrus and Lydia (Estes) Buffum, her father born in North Berwick, her mother in Sandwich, New Hampshire, both members of the Society of Friends. Six generations of Buffums have been residents of North Berwick, and the house built in 1764 by her great-grandfather was the birthplace of Mrs. Hawes. Mr. and Mrs. Hawes were the par- ents of six children : Oliver Snow(2), of further men- tion; William Buffum, a member of the firm of O. S. Hawes & Brother; Jennie, who died in childhood; Edward, who died in childhood; Louise Buffum, who married Willard H. Poole, of Fall River; and Edith Kingsley, who married Harold R. Barker, of Fall River.


Such were the antecedents of Oliver S. (2) Hawes, whose career is herein reviewed. He was born at


Natten ou Louny


149


BIOGRAPHICAL




Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.