USA > Massachusetts > Biographical history of Massachussetts; biographies and autobiographies of the leading men in the state, 1911, vol 1 > Part 11
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THOMAS DIXON LOCKWOOD
better opportunity for the study of electricity, which he continued steadily and effectively, so that on the invention of the telephone, by Bell, he was thoroughly equipped to take a leading part in the introduction and improvement of the new instrument. The tele- graph company by which he was originally employed having failed, he sought other employment, becoming finisher in the mills of the Smith Paper Company, at Lee, Massachusetts.
In 1869 Mr. Lockwood went to New Albany, Indiana, where he aided in establishing works for making polished plate glass. This was the first American plant of the kind, and he ordered the first machinery to be imported for such work. As the Star Glass Works, this factory afterwards contributed to the great fortune from which W. C. DePauw endowed DePauw University. On the creation of this industry, Mr. Lockwood wrote a four-column article on plate glass manufacture for the Scientific American, and thus began the literary labors that since then have been so productive.
Working his way East in 1872, he tried life on the railway in Connecticut and New Jersey, serving in varied capacities for the Housatonic Railroad and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. Within a few months he was successively ticket clerk, freight clerk, telegraph operator, chief clerk and paymaster in the master-mechanic's department, signal operator, and even brakeman, and engineer on trains.
Going to New York in 1875, he first became inspector of a private fire-alarm service, from which he was soon called to important positions with the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company and the American District Telegraph Company. In this work, which he fol- lowed until 1879, he had unusual advantages for improving his practical knowledge of telegraphy, and he made the most of the experience.
In 1879 he joined the company of electricians that was being enlisted by the telephone industry. He was at first technical in- spector of exchanges for the National Bell Telephone Company, which soon afterwards reorganized as the American Bell Tele- phone Company; but in 1881 he was placed at the head of a new bureau of patent and technical information which the company had decided to establish. In this position he has found his great op- portunities. For nearly thirty years he has continued his invalu- able services for the American Bell Telephone Company, and, at
THOMAS DIXON LOCKWOOD
the headquarters in Boston, he still acts as patent expert and tele- phone engineer.
Mr. Lockwood is the author of several important books on elec- trical subjects, and has written innumerable technical articles and papers. His clear, forcible and entertaining style would have in- sured him success as a technical journalist if he had not found a far more lucrative field. The first of his books was "Information for Telephonists" (New York, 1881), which contains several articles of practical value, and was very favorably received. The "Text- Book of Electrical Measurements" (New York, 1883) followed. "Electricity, Magnetism and the Electric Telegraph" (New York, 1885) is a treatise in the form of questions and answers, and was admirably planned to give a general survey of the theory and prac- tice of electricity and magnetism up to the date of its appearance. He edited a translation of "Ohm's Law," which was published in 1890. Among the more noteworthy of his other writings may be mentioned a series of articles on "Practical Telephony," that ap- peared in the Western Electrician in 1887. "History of the Word 'Telephone,'" in the Electrician and the Electrical Engineer, in 1887; and "Telephone Repeaters or Relays," in the Electrical World, in 1895.
He has made many inventions in electrical methods and appa- ratus. These include the Automatic Telephone Call, patented July 11, 1882; and Means for Preventing Telephone Disturbances due to Electric Railroads, patented November 20, 1888. He has given some attention to burglar alarms and alarm systems.
Mr. Lockwood is a public speaker of much ability. He is in demand for papers at society meetings and as a lecturer, and a reten- tive and quick-acting memory gives him great facility of expression in extemporaneous addresses. He was lecturer before the Lowell Institute, on the Telegraph and Telephone, in the winter of 1883. He was Associate Professor of Telegraphy, Telephony and Patent Law at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, in 1904-05; and he has been an occasional lecturer at many colleges.
He belongs to the Masonic fraternity. He is a member of the Algonquin and Exchange Clubs, Boston; Engineeer's Club, New York; American Institute of Electrical Engineers; Institution of Electrical Engineers, London; Imperial Institute, London; and honorary member of the National Electric Light Association and
THOMAS DIXON LOCKWOOD
the Association of Railroad Telegraph Superintendents, and life member of the American Geographical Society. He has been mana- ger and vice-president of the American Institute of Electrical Engi- neers.
He is identified with no political party, but has always been an independent in public affairs. He is actively interested in the First Baptist Church at Melrose, Massachusetts, the suburban city which has been his home for many years. His recreation takes diversified form, and he finds relaxation and pleasure in whist, traveling, read- ing, astronomy and chess.
In reading he found early inspiration in the optimistic biographies of Samuel Smiles, especially in the "Lives of Engineers." He has owed much also to "The American Telegraph" of Pope, "The En- cyclopedia Britannica," Crecy's "Civil Engineering," "The Pilgrim's Progress " and Dick's "Christian Philosopher." His needs, tastes and opportunities have led him to give much attention to the collec- tion of a reference and technical library. This has grown to much importance, and is especially rich in works relating to telegraphy, telephony and electricity.
It seems to Mr. Lockwood that the youth of the present day are, to a large extent, educationally pampered. The road to mature life is often made too easy to develop strength and hardiness of character, but such suggestions as the following, which he has offered for young people, are of a kind to be helpful, under any condition, to those seeking true success: "Don't be always looking for a 'good time.' During the educational period, be it long or short, make the most of it. Be earnest in whatever is undertaken, and do whatever you have to do with your might. Be considerate of others. Cultivate self-knowledge, self-reliance and self-control. Be receptive, or open- minded. It is better to change one's mind than to continue to hold to a wrong view. Don't value riches, except for what can be done with them. Be economical, but don't put money in the first place."
Mr. Lockwood was married October 29, 1875, to Mary Helm, daughter of George Helm, late of Port Hope, Ontario; of two chil- dren born, the survivor is Arthur Lockwood, who is with the West- ern Electric Company of New York and Chicago.
HENRY CABOT LODGE
H ENRY CABOT LODGE, the senior Senator of Massachu- setts, is a native of Boston, and of ancestry identified with all that is most characteristic of the Commonwealth. He was born on May 12, 1850, the son of John Ellerton and Anna (Cabot) Lodge. He was named after his maternal grand- father, Henry Cabot, a descendant of John Cabot, who came to America from the Island of Jersey about 1680. Mr. Lodge's father was a merchant of Boston, a son of Giles Lodge, who came from England to New England in 1792.
A youth of this race and environment in Boston turns easily and instinctively to scholarship or the public service. Master Dixwell's famous private Latin School gave Mr. Lodge his training for Harvard College, whence he graduated with the degree of A.B. in 1871. In- clining first to the law, he took his professional course at the Harvard Law School, securing the degree of LL.B. in 1875. He was duly admitted to practice at the Suffolk Bar in 1876, but the study of history had peculiarly appealed to him. Following post-graduate stud- ies in history at Harvard, he was given the degree of Ph.D. in 1876 for a thesis on "The Land Law of the Anglo-Saxons," and for three years thereafter remained at Harvard as an instructor in history. His historical research bore notable fruit in a Lowell Institute course of lectures in Boston in 1880 on "The English Colonies in America."
Meanwhile Mr. Lodge had broadened his activities through ser- vice as editor of the "North American Review" and the " International Review," and in 1880 he definitely entered public life as a Repre- sentative in the Massachusetts Legislature. Mr. Lodge addressed himself to his work with a seriousness of purpose which commanded recognition from the older political leaders of the State. In the memorable national campaign of 1884, which was very close and exciting in Massachusetts as in the country at large, Mr. Lodge bore a conspicuous part, and two years later he was elected to the National House of Representatives, and took his seat in the Fiftieth Congress.
In Washington Mr. Lodge, with his scholarly attainments, his
Henry Carbon- Ludger
HENRY CABOT LODGE
thorough knowledge of political history and his growing reputation as an orator, came rapidly forward into a position of leader- ship. Those were difficult years for the Republican party. It had managed to win the national election of 1888, but it suffered a ter- rible reverse in the congressional elections of two years afterward. Mr. Lodge had developed a remarkable power as an incisive and aggressive debater, and he became one of the most trusted and effective lieutenants of the great Speaker, Thomas B. Reed.
At home in Massachusetts Mr. Lodge had acquired a more and more commanding influence. His career in the National House gained for him a national reputation, and on January 17, 1893, the Massachusetts Legislature elected him to the United States Senate to succeed Henry L. Dawes, who had grown old in the public service.
Mr. Lodge entered the Senate a young man, in his forty-third year. He was fortunate in a great and unusual opportunity, and he rose instantly to the level of it. He proved himself anew in the Senate, as he already had in the House, to be a keen and vigorous debater, quick to detect the weak points in an adversary and mas- terly in his power of analysis and reasoning. Moreover, in the seri- ous and elaborate oratory on great themes and great occasions, wherein the Senate still instructs and delights the country, Mr. Lodge achieved distinction as one of the most eloquent and com- pelling of American public men.
Mr. Lodge has studied and traveled widely in Europe, and as a member of the committee on foreign relations has dealt authori- tatively with public questions affecting the international affairs of the United States. He has believed from the beginning of his public career that a steadfast and virile foreign policy was the only policy consistent with the safety as well as the honor of the American people and their government. He has earnestly and successfully advocated the development of a strong navy in which Massachusetts has an historic interest, and he has been one of the public men who have insisted that the nation must meet with patience, firmness and courage the unexpected and far-reaching responsibilities that have sprung from the Spanish War.
Through the administration of President Roosevelt, Senator Lodge has occupied a place of especial responsibility in Washing- ton, because of his long and intimate personal friendship with the president and because of the close agreement of their views upon
HENRY CABOT LODGE
many of the largest and most urgent public questions. But before Mr. Roosevelt came to the presidency, Mr. Lodge had achieved unquestioned recognition as one of the leaders of the Senate, and indeed one of the leaders of the Republican party in the nation. In the organization of the Senate, Mr. Lodge has long held the im- portant post of chairman of the committee on the Philippines, and has had the working out of some of the most difficult problems relating to the East Indian archipelago, which the American people are endeavoring to prepare for eventual self-government. Mr. Lodge is a member also of the committees on foreign relations, immigration, military affairs and rules. He has given much of his best thought and effort to the problem of immigration and how to regulate and restrict it, and he succeeded in procuring the passage of the important bill providing for an educational test, which failed to override the veto of President Cleveland. Mr. Lodge is a member of the present Immigration Commission, and he served also as a member of the Merchant Marine Commission of 1904-1905, and of the Commission on Alaskan Boundary, appointed by President Roosevelt.
To the political affairs of his own State of Massachusetts, Senator Lodge has given close attention throughout his service in Washing- ton. He has always had great influence in shaping the policies of his party at home, and his counsel has carried weight in the nomina- tions for the largest public offices. Together with the junior senator of Massachusetts, Hon. Winthrop Murray Crane - and the two senators admirably complement each other - Mr. Lodge has held a leading part in successive Massachusetts political campaigns, which in recent years have almost invariably brought triumph to the Republican party. He has seen the opposition in Massachu- setts try candidate after candidate and issue after issue in vain, until the Republican strength in the old Commonwealth has come to be regarded as well-nigh impregnable.
Senator Lodge has also wielded a powerful influence in the broader field of national party management. He was permanent chairman of the Republican National Convention which nominated Taft and Sherman at Chicago in June, 1908. His address as presiding officer, concise and yet comprehensive, with its orderly marshaling of the vital issues of the campaign, its precise and scholarly English and its passages of distinct eloquence and beauty, was hailed throughout the country as a noble oration, worthy of the best of American traditions
HENRY CABOT LODGE
and worthy of the great theme and great occasion. This convention was a vast tumultuous gathering, difficult to control, exacting the utmost tact and decision from its presiding officer. This was not his first experience of the kind, for Mr. Lodge had been permanent chairman of the Republican National Convention which nominated McKinley and Roosevelt in Philadelphia in 1900, and chairman of the committee on resolutions of the Republican National Convention which nominated Roosevelt and Fairbanks in Chicago in 1904. He had previously been a conspicuous figure at all of the Republican National Conventions between 1884 and 1896.
Throughout these many years of arduous public service in posts of the very greatest responsibility, Mr. Lodge, with his alertness of intellect and habits of systematic industry, has steadily pursued literary activities which, of themselves, would have given him en- during fame. His first published book was devoted to the career of a distinguished kinsman, the " Life and Letters of George Cabot," which appeared in 1877, when Mr. Lodge was instructor in history at Harvard. Three of the most scholarly and altogether notable biographies in the " American Statesmen" series, " Alexander Hamil- ton" (1882), "Daniel Webster" (1SS3), and "George Washington" (1889), have come from his busy, exact and powerful pen. More- over, Mr. Lodge edited the works of Alexander Hamilton in nine volumes, published in 1885. In 1881 he had written a "Short His- tory of the English Colonies in America." He published in 1886 "Studies in History," and in 1891 the "History of Boston" in the "Historic Towns" series, published by Longmans. In 1892, "Historical and Political Essays," and a volume of selections from speeches appeared; and in 1895, in cooperation with Theodore Roosevelt, Mr. Lodge published "Hero Tales from American His- tory." Another volume, "Certain Accepted Heroes and Other Essays," appeared in 1897; and in 1898 the "Story of the Revolu- tion," in two volumes. In 1899 Senator Lodge published the "Story of the Spanish War," which remains the most vivid, stirring and just narrative of that brief but momentous con- flict. In the same year, 1899, "A Fighting Frigate and Other Essays," was printed; and in 1906 "A Frontier Town and Other Essays."
The historical research which first stirred the imagination of Mr. Lodge and absorbed his post-graduate years at Harvard has
HENRY CABOT LODGE
interested him through all the years of maturity. He is a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Virginia Historical So- ciety, the New England Historic Genealogical Society, and the Amerian Antiquarian Society. He is a member also of the Ameri- can Academy of Arts and Sciences. During his service in the House and again in his service in the Senate, Mr. Lodge has been a regent of the Smithsonian Institution. The honorary degree of Doctor of Laws has been conferred upon him by Williams College, Clark University, Yale University, and Harvard University. These distinctions of the senior Senator, like the similar distinctions of his long-beloved colleague, George F. Hoar, have brought deep gratification to the people of Massachusetts.
Mr. Lodge was married on April 6, 1872, to Anna Cabot Davis, daughter of Rear Admiral Charles H. Davis, of the United States Navy, and of Henrietta Blake Davis, a daughter of Hon. Elijah Hunt Mills, who from 1820 to 1827 was United States Senator from Massachusetts. Mr. and Mrs. Lodge have three children - George Cabot Lodge, John Ellerton Lodge and Mrs. Constance Gardner, the wife of Congressman Augustus P. Gardner, of Hamilton, Massa- chusetts. Mr. George Cabot Lodge served in the navy as an ensign through the Spanish War. Besides the fervent patriotism of his father, this son has the inheritance of literary power, and his writings bear unmistakable impress of a true, poetic genius expressed in a style of scholarly distinction.
The Massachusetts home of Senator Lodge and his family is in the ocean town of Nahant, a splendid promontory, thrust out into the Atlantic, north of Lynn Bay and Boston Harbor.
Senator Lodge first took his seat in the Senate on March 4, 1893. He has twice been reelected, in 1899 and in 1905. In the brief, strenuous weeks of a political campaign it might seem that Mr. Lodge had many enemies in his native State, but these irritations pass and the salient fact remains that the people of Massachusetts generally regard their State as fortunate in its representation in the upper House of Congress by a public man of the first rank who is also a scholar of the first rank, maintaining thus a most cherished tradition of the Commonwealth. The career of Senator Lodge demonstrates, as indeed does the career of President Roosevelt, that the student in our modern American life may also be preeminently a leader of practical affairs, a man of action.
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JOHN DAVIS LONG
“G OVERNOR LONG," as Massachusetts affectionately calls him, though since he was the chief executive here he has held other lofty posts, is a native not of this State but of Maine, so closely associated with it and for many years a part of it. He was born in the town of Buckfield, Oxford County, in Maine, on October 27, 1838. His father was Zadoc Long; his mother Julia Temple (Davis) Long. The father was a man of marked natural abilities, a fine conversationalist, who read much, wrote well in prose and verse, kept a diary for fifty years, and was altogether the most cultivated man in his region. The mother was a woman of high character, and an influence in molding that of her son.
Mr. Long the senior was a local merchant in Buckfield. He kept a village store, was a Justice of the Peace, and in the memorable Harrison campaign of 1840 was a Whig elector. Two years before he had been the Whig candidate for Congress in his district but had been defeated. The family on both sides was of the oldest and sturdiest of New England lineage, descended on the part of the father from James Chilton of the Mayflower, and Thomas Clark of the Ann, and on the part of the mother from Dolor Davis who came to New England in 1634.
The Buckfield home was one of comfort, and Mr. Long as a youth did not know those grinding struggles to gain an education through which so many New England lads of his time were forced to fight their way. However, his parents, like all thrifty New Englanders, set a high valuation upon industry, and their son was taught to perform the usual boys' chores, chopping at the woodpile in winter, driving the cows, milking, etc. These tasks, though useful, were not arduous. Mr. Long as a boy was a strong, robust lad of a stocky figure, fond of exercise and play and fond, too, of his academic studies. He was fortunate in his household environment. The com- panionship of his father, with his unusual practical and literary in- formation, his clear, shrewd mind and his conversation covering many
JOHN DAVIS LONG
topics and illuminating all, was, in itself a stimulus and an education to an active and inquiring boy. The father had more than the usual books of such a village, and was himself fond of good reading. He was determined that his son should have the best training that New England could provide, and he was able to send him through the academy and through college.
The son was an industrious student. He developed quite a knack of writing verses, and he was eager and ambitious beyond his years. From the Buckfield village schools he went to Hebron Academy in Hebron, Maine, and in 1853, at the age of fourteen years, he presented himself for entrance to Harvard College.
Of course the requirements for admission were not so numerous and exacting then as they are now. But to have attained these at fourteen was a remarkable task, and Mr. Long was younger than most of his classmates. Indeed, he has said since, "I entered col- lege too young to form those associations which are the best part of college life." He has come since into contact with the chief men of his State, and with many of the chief men of America, but this kind of an acquaintance has been a result or an accompaniment of his success rather than a cause of it. His early companionship, outside of his own fortunate home, was in no way remarkable.
At Harvard Mr. Long was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity, and of the Phi Beta Kappa. Then, as now, he found especial delight and instruction in history, English and American, and in fiction, with an old-fashioned liking for Scott, Cooper, Dickens, Thackeray, Trollope, etc. Graduating in 1857, at the age of eighteen, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, Mr. Long, after a practice fre- quent in that day and not infrequent now, taught school for a while in Westford Academy, Westford, Massachusetts, for two years, 1857- 1859. Then, as he puts it, "I drifted into the law; I had no special taste for it, though successful in jury practice. In my boyhood, college seemed to lead to one of the three professions, and I had no inclination toward medicine or the pulpit." No strong impulse to strive for the great prizes of life moved the young graduate. He "always had a feeling that the future would take care of itself."
In 1860-1861 Mr. Long took a post-graduate course in law at Harvard, and practised law in his native town of Buckfield for one year following. Then, leaving Maine in the fall of 1862, he started in the law in Boston, where his professional home has ever since
JOHN DAVIS LONG
remained. In 1869 he took up his residence in Hingham, Massachu- setts, a beautiful old town on the southern edge of Boston Harbor, quiet and restful and yet not too remote from the great city's activi- ties.
His intellectual strength and his gracious personality steadily won friendly recognition for the young lawyer. When he was well established in his profession he turned naturally and easily to public life. In his home town of Hingham he was moderator and a member of the school committee, and in 1875 he entered the Massachusetts House of Representatives. In the following year Mr. Long was honored by election as Speaker of the House. He proved to be eminently qualified for this position, which he held for three succes- sive years. Massachusetts was not slow in realizing that the young Hingham lawyer was destined to become a public man of the first rank. In 1879 he was chosen lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts, and in the following year, governor, holding that post also for three years in succession.
Governor Long showed himself a clear-headed, courageous, highly efficient executive, sustaining the best traditions of the Com- monwealth. As speaker of the Massachusetts House he had come into demand on public occasions all over Massachusetts, and as governor he greatly enhanced his reputation as an easy, graceful and delightful orator. And Governor Long was not more felicitous on social occasions than in the sterner and more difficult work of the hard-fought campaigns through which Massachusetts began to pass with the rise of General Butler and the unfortunate division in the Republican party consequent on the presidential nomination of Mr. Blaine. Governor Long, though a Republican, had sup- ported the Greeley independent movement in 1872. In 1884, how- ever, he believed that the best course and the wisest course lay in loyalty to his party's regular nomination, and his example was one of the most potent influences which saved Massachusetts, in that year of strenuous revolt, to the Republican party. It was, perhaps, the more effective because at the Republican National Convention he had opposed the nomination of Mr. Blaine and had there made a speech nominating Mr. Edmunds, of Vermont, an address which was much praised at the time.
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