USA > Massachusetts > Hampden County > Springfield > Christ Church Parish : Springfield, Massachusetts, 1817-1927 > Part 8
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were cut into the desired shapes and fitted together by leads to form the design. The art deteriorated after the middle of the 16th century until by the 18th century it was lost. Within the past one hundred years there have been various attempts to revive it.
The methods of making stained-glass today are essentially the same as they were in the middle ages, the greatest dif- ferences being the use of electricity and modern appliances in place of the charcoal flame and the clumsy tools of former times.
The name of each stained-glass designer or manufacturer found in the "Catalogue of Windows" on page 146 is that of a leader of the art of his own time in England or America.
The old Christ Church on State Street must have had colored windows, for in certain old records it is stated in the plans for the new chancel, finished Easter, 1852; "A stained-glass window in the rear of this chancel is planned." When the building was repaired in 1866, there were put in the chancel, windows prob- ably made by Gibson & Co. of New York, a firm long gone out of existence, (see illustration p. 162).
The original stained-glas's windows of the present edifice on Chestnut Street were put in when the Church was built in 1876. It has not been ascertained that they were all memorials. With the wide spread demand for Church Windows, there grew up during the latter part of the last century and the first part of this a host of commercial glass firms in England, Germany and America. It is probable that makers of the windows in the old State St. Church and of the old windows of the present building belonged to this class. Of these old windows there still remain in place the smaller ones in the transepts, in the aisles of the Nave, and in the vestibule, and the large wheel windows of the transepts and the west end. These are of interest because they represent the earliest type of stained-glass windows in this country. Those who say that they more nearly represent the old blues and reds of ancient stained-glass, than any we have, consider them of historic value.
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The window representing "Faith" in memory of Miss Annie M. Child, in the north transept, is of painted glass. The robe of grisaille, or white glass, ornamented with medallions of sil- ver stain, may possibly be representative of the 14th century. The following interesting quotation is taken from the "Spring- field Republican" of Jan. 1, 1878 :-
"A new window has been placed in the north transept of Christ Church on the side facing Chestnut Street, in memory of Miss Annie M. Child, the daughter of Rev. Dr. Child formerly rector of the church, who died at Newburg, N. Y. a few months ago. This window, provided by her brothers, is the most ex- pensive of the small windows in the church and unlike all the others in being of modern, instead of medieval style. The predominating colors are light, affording a sharp contrast with the darker hues. The greater portion of the window is occupied by a figure of 'Faith' of somewhat fuller contour than usually made, while below is a bar of music, lilies, and fleur-de-lis. The coloring of the lilies and the figuring and shading of the drapery of the representation of 'Faith' are particularly fine."
The present chancel windows and the newest ones in the transepts as well as those in the clerestory of the nave are of painted glass. Leads used to fasten the pieces together are almost entirely in the outlines of the figures and draperies. A back-ground and support of ground glass is behind the colored sheet of the chancel windows. All the new windows are pic- torial and symbolical, of harmonious, restful colors and incons- picuous borders with a moderate form of canopy. Miss Joseph- ine Brooks, daughter of the Rev. John Cotton Brooks, writes: "The old Chancel windows were given in memory of General Barnes and his wife by their children, but at the Rev. Mr. Brooks' request one of the sons, a Mr. Barnes of New York, consented to allow the glass to be removed that something beau- tiful and worthy of the church might be substituted, giving up his right of retaining the windows as a memorial, save only one which bears the family name."
In Feb. 1908 the Rev. Dr. Slattery organized a committee to
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receive gifts for other memorial windows to replace some of the old ones. This committee consisted of the Rector, The Jun- ior Warden, (Mr. Wm. C. Simons) and Messrs. H. H. Skinner and C. E. Galacar. They selected windows in accordance with a plan left by the Rev. Mr. Brooks, the subjects of which should harmonize with those in the chancel. These, finished in April, 1910, we find in the clerestory of the nave and of the transepts, the former representing scenes in the life of Our Lord, the lat- ter four of the prophets. Dr. Slattery suggested that a tablet bearing the names on the old windows should be placed in the Church. This has never been done; but it is expected that such a tablet will some day be procured.
A few of the original clerestory windows were given by in- dividuals in memory of relatives or friends, but many were paid for by general subscription and were inscribed with the names of persons who were prominent in the early days of the church. Only a few names which were on these old windows have been recalled. They are: Mrs. Lee, Mrs. Jones, probably Mrs. Clarrisse Root, (which name is to be found also on one of the new windows), and Francis Van Rensslaer. Mr. Henry H. Skinner recalled that Mr. Van Rensslaer was once a Sunday School teacher of his. Another remembers that he was one of five very intimate friends who were together so much that they were called "the quintet." When Mr. Van Rensslaer died the four remaining friends presented a window in his memory. Their names are: James Safford, Reginald F. Hyde, Edward Morris, and Dr. Kent.
A few years after the new clerestory windows were secured, while Mr. Smith was rector, the Mothers' Club gave the first of the windows to represent the Latin Fathers. This window, found in the north transept, is of St. Augustine and his mother, St. Monica. During the Rev. Mr. McGann's rectorship a window in the south transept representing St. Chrysostom was given by Dr. Smith in memory of his mother. In 1924 four more windows were presented to the Church. One of the orig- inal windows in the north transept; that of the pelican feeding
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her young, in memory of Mrs. A. E. Hall was replaced by one given by Miss Josephine Smith in memory of her mother, Fran- ces Amblarde Phelps. It represents the Latin Father, St. Fran- cis of Assisi, "the best known and most beloved of all the me- dieval saints." In the south transept, the series of the Greek Fathers was completed. A fund was raised by voluntary gifts of organizations and members of the parish for two memorial windows for the late Rev. William Austin Smith, D. D. One is of St. Gregory of Nazianzen, the other of St. Basil. The next in position is the St. Chrysostom window already men- tioned. The fourth placed in 1924 as well as the fourth of the Greek series is of St. Athanasius. It was given by Mr. Edward T. Davis in memory of Mrs. Davis. Since all of these . lower transept windows were made by the same London firm of C. E. Kempe & Co., there is conformity of color and design as well as of interpretation of theme.
If the plans for the windows made by the Rev. Mr. Brooks should ever be completed the worshippers in Christ Church would enjoy the harmony of color and of subject and graceful designs produced by the best English glass manufacturers of the present day.
During the rectorship of the Rev. Mr. Brooks, in the year 1889 a notable collection of stained and painted glass was given for the new parish house. This is genuine stained-glass in dis- tinction from the painted glass in the Church . At that time the Messrs. Tiffany and La Farge were rivals in the discovery of the ancient "pot-metal" method of making stained-glass. An example of the Tiffanys' work is found in the memorial to Rob- ert Fenner Nichols, on the stairway; while in the upper room of the Parish House are to be found treasures from the studio of John La Farge which every member of this parish should be taught to admire and cherish.
In the work of the Tiffany Brothers and of La Farge, the flesh colors only are painted, the other portions being stained. In certain portions of the La Farge windows several thick- nesses or "plates" of the stained glass are used in order to get
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the desired shade. If one carefully examines at close range and compares the windows in the Church and those in the Parish House, one will notice the difference in texture and ap- pearance between the stained and painted glass.
Before a window is made the location is carefully studied. The direction of light through it, the kind of shade it receives from outside (whether of trees or buildings), or the absence of shadows, and other means of entrance of light into the room, -- all must be taken into account when the glass is made. if he [La Farge] wanted to show you a picture in his studio he would make sure of the hour of the day pro- viding just the right light, or he would not show it at all." (Royal Cortissoz). When one learns that the Parish House first stood with the Chancel toward the east he will understand why the Crocker window, representing Mary Magdalene at the Tomb, by La Farge is now disappointing to those who expect to see a remarkable example of stained glass. It is hoped that some day this master piece of a genius may be so placed that the wonder and beauty of it may be recognized at a glance. Then, too, the other works of La Farge in the room will better reveal their beauty. Guide books of New England place them among Springfield's art treasures.
We stated that the designs in the windows are symbolical. A few of the symbols are worthy of further notice. The nimbus, or, as it is often called, the halo, is a disc or ring of light behind the head of any person or object considered holy. Any figure signifying God the Father, God the Son or God the Holy Spirit, or the Trinity, or the figure of Our Lord, of an apostle, saint, angel or cherub, is adorned with a nimbus. It is sometimes finished with a plain edge, sometimes rayed or fluted like the rays of the sun. Many times the color and the dec- orations reveal the character of the person whose figure the nimbus adorns. In most of our Chancel windows the nimbus is made with fine rays of gold or silver. Those of St. Peter, St. James, and St. John the Evangelist have wide rays within the circle, and those of the window of "Faith" .and of St.
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Chrysostom are blue, perhaps because the blue represents heavenly love. That with the figure of Christ in each of the nave windows has three fleur-de-lis, indicating the Trinity. The dove in the scene of the baptism and the tongue of flame in the Ascension window, each representing the Holy Spirit, are surrounded with a nimbus. In this scene the divine power is represented by the aureole surrounding the entire figure of the ascending Lord, while in the Transfiguration scene the nimbus and aureole are combined in what is called the "glory."
In many of the representations of Our Lord, the hand is noticeable for its position, the first two fingers and the thumb extended, the other two fingers resting on the palm, or the thumb crossing the third finger, the others raised, symbolizing God the Father. The former is used by Roman Popes, the latter by Greek Patriarchs when bestowing a blessing, as il- lustrated in the figure of St. Chrysostom.
Symbols of the Trinity in these windows are seen in the three rays of the nimbus, the three fingers of the hand, the three cir- cles, the triangle and the shamrock. The lamb, the symbol of sacrifice is in the west wheel window and in the scenes of the baptism and of the resurrection.
The cross, the emblem of faith, triumph, and eternal hope,- of Our Lord's supreme victory-is found in varied forms in the windows. In the representation of Abraham is the Roman or Calvary cross; so also in the Child window and in the scene of the crucifixion. The Greek cross is in the mitre and stole of St. Chrysostom. The Maltese cross is on the Agnus Dei of St. John the Baptist and of Christ in the Garden, and the cross patee on the Agnus Dei of the Lamb in the western wheel window.
Other attributes and emblems found in the windows are the shell, gourd, staff, and scroll of St. John the Baptist, the box of ointment of Mary Magdalene, the sacrificial fire carried by Ab- raham, Moses' tablets of the law, David's crown and harp and Isaiah's scroll. The sacred monogram, Chi Rho in the north wheel window is composed of the first two letters of Christos, the Greek word for Christ. The ox and ass are the signs of
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Our Lord's humility, while the palm is, the emblem of His Vic- tory.
The original purpose of pictorial designs in Church Windows was for the instruction of the worshippers. During the Middle Ages, when they were introduced, the majority of the con- gregation were more or less illiterate and could not understand the sermons or read the lessons. These pictures, usually por- traying Old Testament stories or scenes from the life of Christ or of the Apostles and other Saints, gave the people something instructive to look at. Although this reason for pictorial win- dows is not necessary to-day, nevertheless, the gifts of God as expressed by the hand of man in aesthetic surroundings put us in an attitude to better hear His voice in His Holy Temple and to express to Him our love and adoration .- M. W. K.
CATALOGUE OF WINDOWS
Plan for the Windows of Christ Church as Designed by the Rev. John Cotton Brooks.
Clerestory windows, Nave. Nativity.
Presentation in Temple.
Visit of Wise Men.
Visit to Temple in 12th year.
Baptism. Miracle at Cana.
Sermon on the Mount.
The Transfiguration.
The Last Supper.
The Crucifixion.
The Resurrection. The Ascension.
Clerestory windows, Transepts. Abraham. Moses. David. Isaiah.
Lower windows, South Transept. From the Greek Fathers.
St. Athanasius. St. Chrysostom. St. Basil. St. Gregory Nazianzen.
Lower windows, North Transept. Two from the Latin Fathers. St. Augustine. St. Jerome.
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Windows in the Aisles.
North
Leaders of Ancient British and Anglo-Saxon Christianity.
St. Colomba.
St. Augustine of Canterbury and others.
South
Leaders of our Church in America, as :
Bishop Seabury.
Bishop White.
Bishop Kemper.
Plan by the Rev. C. L. Slattery, D. D.
I. Two rose windows designed by Messrs. C. E. Kempe & Co., and new tracery designed by Mr. Henry Vaughan.
North Transept.
The Tree of Jesse.
South Transept.
The True Vine.
II. A window of the "First Fruits." The first dollar earned by a small boy was brought as a gift to the church. It was planned to use this as a nucleus for a window fund.
III. In 1913, during the rectorship of the Rev. Wm. A. Smith a fund, called "The Mile of Dimes" was started for raising money to buy the rose window planned for the South Tran- sept.
CHURCH WINDOWS
I. Chancel.
1. Upper part-The Preaching of John the Baptist. Lower part-The Angel Gabriel appears to Zacharias.
a. In memory of --
Roger S. Moore, died Dec. 31, 1893. Sarah A. Moore, died Sept. 30, 1875. Mr. Moore was a vestryman under the rector- ship of the Rev. Wm. S. Child.
b. Given by their daughter, Sarah Jane Moore, a con- tributor to the organ fund, in 1900.
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c. Made by Heaton, Butler, & Bayne, London.
2. Upper part-Jesus Preaching from the Ship. Lower part-Washing the Disciples' Feet.
a. In memory of-
James Barnes, U. S. A., died Feb. 12, 1869. Charlotte A. Barnes, died Sept. 12, 1875.
General Barnes was a vestryman during the rectorship of the Rev. Henry W. Lee, a grad- uate of West Point in 1829, a Civil War vet- eran, and a builder of railroads.
b. Given by their son in 1900 .- To replace those given by their children in 1876.
c. Made by Heaton, Butler, & Bayne, London.
3. Upper part-The Ascension.
Lower part-The Nativity.
a. In memory of-
The Rt. Rev. Henry W. Lee, D. D .- Son of Col. Roswell Lee. Founder of Christ Church. Died Sept. 26, 1874.
b. Given by members of the family.
c. Made by Heaton, Butler, & Bayne, London.
4. Upper part-The Healing of the Lame Man, by St. Peter and St. John.
Lower part-The Last Supper.
a. In memory of-
John B. Stebbins, died Jan. 13, 1899. Maria Stebbins, died Mar. 12, 1891.
Mr. Stebbins was senior warden for thirty-six years and a leader in building the present Christ Church.
b. Given by their daughters, Miss Annie C. Stebbins and Miss M. Louise Stebbins, in, 1900.
c. Made by Heaton, Butler, & Bayne, London.
5. Upper part-St. Paul Preaching on Mars Hill. Lower part-Saul Studying at the Feet of Gamaliel. a. In memory of-
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James D. Brewer, died Feb. 7, 1886. Sarah P. Brewer, died Apr. 17, 1886.
Mr. Brewer was a descendant of the Rev. Daniel Brewer, pastor of the First Church; a warden for many years and leader in the building of the present Christ Church.
b. Given by their children, Harriet Brewer Corcoran and Edward S. Brewer, in 1900.
c. Made by Heaton, Butler, & Bayne, London.
II. South Transept.
A. Wheel Window.
1. Scenes from the life of Christ and Angels.
a. Probably in memory of-
Gen. James W. Ripley, Dec. 10, 1794-1870.
General Ripley was a Commandant in the United States Armory.
b. Given by his daughter, Mary Louise Ripley, in 1876.
c. Made by Otto Falch & Co., Boston.
B. Clerestory-
1. Abraham.
a. Not a memorial.
b. Given by general subscription in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
2. Moses-
a. In memory of-
Theodore Freylinghuysen Breck, 1844-1904. "A Beloved Physician."
b. Given by his wife, Mrs. Helen C. Breck, in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
C. Aisle.
#1. Conventional Floral Design.
a. In memory of -- Samuel McNary-
One of the first wardens under the Rev. H. W. Lee in 1838. A member of the "Armory
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Hill Chapel."
b. Given by ----- in 1876.
c. Made by Otto Falch & Co., Boston.
*2. Conventional Floral Design.
a. In memory of- Roger Brown Hildreth, died 1872.
A vestryman under the Rev. Alexander Bur- gess.
b. Given by in 1876.
c. Made by Otto Falch & Co., Boston.
3. St. Chrysostom.
a. In memory of- Theresa Smith-1838-1915.
b. Given by her son, the Rev. Wm. Austin Smith, former rector of Christ Church, in Dec. 1917.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
*4. Hour-glass, scythe, and lilies.
a. In memory of Aug. 6, 1783-Nov. 7, 1859.
b. Given by in 1876.
c. Made by Otto Falch & Co., Boston.
III. Nave-
A. Clerestory (South Side) .
1. Our Lord's Nativity.
a. In memory of-
Annie Chapin-1828-1903, Lucy Chapin-1854- 1909, and Harriet Hart-1824-1909.
b. Given by Mr. Charles L. Chapin, Mr. Henry G. Chapin, and Miss Elizabeth Chapin in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
2. Adoration of the Magi.
a. In memory of- Caroline Minna Chapin-1850-1909.
b. Given by her husband, Dr. Frederick W. Chapin, and children, in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
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3. Our Lord's Visit to the Temple as a Boy.
a. Given as a thankoffering by the Confirmation Class of 1909.
b. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
4. The Baptism.
a. In memory of- Clarrisse Root, 1790-1874.
Mother of Mrs. Roger S. Moore.
b. Given by her granddaughter, Sarah Jane Moore, in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
5. Our Lord Blessing Little Children.
a. "A Thankoffering to God for His Goodness to Me and Mine."
b. Given by Mr. John Knight, in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
6. Our Lord Healing the Blind Man.
a. In memory of- Dorothy Hyde-1888-1909.
b. Given by her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Hyde, in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London. West End.
B.
1. Wheel Window.
Scenes from the Life of Christ and from the Lives of the Saints, and Angels.
a. In memory of-
Solomon Porter, Henry, James, and William, children of Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Brewer.
b. Given by their parents, Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Brewer.
c. Made by Otto Falch & Co., Boston.
C. Clerestory (North Side).
1. The Sermon on the Mount.
a. In memory of- Lucy Patten Gunn-1831-1871.
b. Given by members of the family, in 1910.
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c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
2. The Transfiguration.
a. In memory of-
Mary Kimberly Gunn-1822-1908.
One of the founders of Christ Church in 1838.
b. Given by her children, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Sim- ons and Mr. Elisha Gunn, in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
3. Our Lord's Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem.
a. In memory of -- Hugh M. Capen-1790-1860.
b. Given by his grandson, Mr. Henry H. Skinner, in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
4. The Crucifixion.
a. In memory of-
Jane Capen Skinner-1820-1906.
b. Given by her son, Mr. Henry H. Skinner, in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
5. The Resurrection.
a. In memory of-
Henry Kingsley Baker and Kingsley Baker.
b. Given by Mrs. Henry Kingsley Baker, wife and mother, in 1910.
c.
Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
6. The Ascension.
a. In memory of-
Major Homer Grannis Gilmore-1837-1908. A vestryman during the rectorships of the Rev. John C. Brooks, and of the Rev. C. L. Slattery, D. D .; a Civil War veteran.
b. Given by his wife, Mrs. Homer G. Gilmore, in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London. IV. North Transept.
A. Wheel Window.
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1. Scenes from the Life of Christ and emblems of a "good soldier of Jesus Christ."
a. In memory of-
Gen. James W. Ripley-1794-1870. (See II A).
b. Given by his daughter, Mary Louise Ripley, in 1876.
c. Made by Otto Falch & Co., Boston.
B. Clerestory.
1 David.
a. In memory of- "J. S." (John Stebbins)-1773-1857. "H. B. S." (Harriet B. Stebbins) -1775-1844. The father and mother of Mr. John B. Steb- bins.
b. Given by the Misses Annie C. and M. Louise Steb- bins, in 1910.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
2. Isaiah.
a. In memory of-
"Two dear children" of Mr. John B. Stebbins.
b. Given by their sisters, Miss Annie C. Stebbins and Miss M. Louise Stebbins.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London. C. Aisle.
1. "Faith."
a. In memory of-
Annie M. Child-Nov. 21, 1855-Sept. 15, 1877. Daughter of the Rev. Wm. S. Child.
b. Given by her brother, Mr. Lewis P. Child, in 1877.
c. Designed by Charles Booth, of England and New York. Made by Charles Booth, of England and New York.
2. Saint Augustine and Saint Monica.
a. Not a memorial.
b. Given by the Mother's Club in 1913.
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c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
#3. Pelican Feeding her Young.
a. In memory of-
Mrs. A. E. Hall, died Apr. 6, 1874.
b. Given by her daughters, the Misses Alice, Fanny, and Martha Hall, and Mrs. Curtiss, in 1876.
c. Made by Otto Falch & Co., Boston.
4. and 5. Conventional Floral Design.
a. In memory of-
Georgianna Clough Child, Dec. 13, 1819-Sept. 13, 1858. Wife of the Rev. Wm. S. Child.
b. Given by her children in
c. Made by
PARISH HOUSE WINDOWS
I. Vestibule Stairway.
1. The Guardian Angel.
a. In memory of-
Robert Fenner Nichols-Dec. 21, 1879-Jan. 24, 1888.
b. Given by his parents, Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Nichols, in 1889.
c. Made by Tiffany Bros., New York.
II. Chancel-Windows and Chancel Decorations.
1. Mary Magdalene at the Tomb.
a. In memory of-
Daniel Putnam Crocker-Apr. 16, 1840-Feb. 10, 1887.
A vestryman under the Rev. Alexander Bur- gess, D. D. The first one to give a subscription to the Parish House.
b. Given by Mrs. Daniel Crocker in 1889.
c. Made by John La Farge, New York.
III. West Aisle-
11. A Prophet .- "O rest in the Lord, wait patiently for Him."
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a. In memory of-
William Jones, October 26, 1812-Nov. 3, 1888. A subscriber to the Parish House.
b. Given by Mrs. William Jones, in 1889.
c. Made by John La Farge, New York.
IV. East Aisle.
+1. "A Soldier of Jesus Christ."-
"A just man and one that feareth God, and of good report among men."
a. In memory of-
Col. James Benton-Sept. 15, 1820-Aug. 22, 1881. "A true soldier." Commandant of the United States Armory.
b. Given by Mrs. James Benton, (?) in 1889.
c. Made by John La Farge, New York.
2. The Boy Samuel.
a. In memory of-
Frank Clark Gilmore-Sept. 15, 1871-Feb. 10, 1887.
b. Given by his parents, Major and Mrs. Homer G. Gilmore, in 1889.
c. Made by John La Farge, New York. -M. W. K.
*Stars indicate that these windows are now replaced by those listed in "Catalogue Supplement" on page ( ). + "Col. Benton was a Commandant in the Armory. Mr. Jones was a workman in the Armory. The windows were placed facing each other as an attempt to express the equality of the officer and the mechanic in the eyes of God."
CATALOGUE SUPPLEMENT
C. Aisle.
1. St. Basil. "S'ctus Basilius Magnus." "They that wait upon the Lord Shall renew their strength;
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They shall mount up with wings as eagles." a. In memory of-
The Rev. Wm. Austin Smith, D. D. Rector of this Parish 1911-1915.
b. Given by Christ Church Parish in 1924. c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London. 2. St. Gregory.
"Gregorius Nazianzen."
"Grant unto Thy servants
That with all boldness
They may speak Thy word."
a. In memory of- The Rev. Wm. Austin Smith, D. D. Rector of this parish 1911-1915.
b. Given by Christ Church Parish in 1924.
c. Made by C. E. Kempe & Co., London.
4. St. Athanasius. "S'tos Athanasios." "In loving remembrance of Jennie B. Davis."
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