USA > Massachusetts > Suffolk County > Chelsea > Documentary history of Chelsea : including the Boston precincts of Winnisimmet, Rumney Marsh, and Pullen Point, 1624-1824, vol 1 > Part 9
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€ Suff. Deeds, L. 154, ff. 71, 73; L. 161, f. 29. [Stevens states that Green returned to Stoneham in 1786 and was "the most active man of the town in public affairs." In 1836, Saralı Green of Stoneham testified that she had lived in Jonathan Green's family for one year from April, 1785, and that he removed to Stoneham in April, 1786. Peter Green et al. v. Chelsea, March term of the Superior Court, 1836. He was chosen selectman of Stoneham in 1788, town clerk in 1789. He represented Stone- ham in the Convention that ratified the Federal Constitution. He died August 25, 1795.]
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APPENDIX 8
CHAP. III]
APPENDIX 8
DYKE AND DAM AT ISLAND-END RIVER
AMONG the old Chelsea marshes - such as "The College Marsh," "The Town Marsh," " The Dammed Marsh " - was that which, without any descriptive name, lies between Chelsea and Everett and stretches from the mouth of Island-End River to the foot of Powderhorn Hill. Originally this marsh was inter- sected by several creeks which were navigable by shallow boats, and at high tide the whole was covered by water.
In the lifetime of Hon. Samuel Watts, and of his brother Daniel, the principal owners of this marsh, there appears to have been no attempt to exclude the tide waters from overflowing it; but when, near the close of the last century, it had chiefly passed from those families, the several proprietors united for the build- ing of a dyke and dam, and February 17, 1789 [Samuel Danforth (son-in-law of Hon. Samuel Watts) ], Samuel Watts (son of Hon. Samuel Watts), Benjamin Blaney (then owner of the estate on County Avenue, later known as the Heard Estate), Isaac Smith, Daniel Waters, Ezra Sargent, Nehemiah Oakes, Calvin Chittenden, Moses Collins, Jonathan Green, Mary Haugh (Hough), Joseph Whittemore, and Aaron Dexter, proprietors of a marsh lying on each side of Island River, running into Malden [later Everett], and Chelsea, were authorized "to make and maintain a dam for the purpose of fencing out the sea from the said marsh." 1
February 3, 1791, Jonathan Green, then owner of the United States Hospital grounds, with some adjacent marsh land, sold
1 Massachusetts Acts and Resolves, chap. 74 Acts of 1788. [The peti- tion to the Legislature, dated January 15, 1789, was signed by all the proprietors of the marsh except Mrs. Haugh, who was living at a distance. The marsh contained about three hundred acres. The dam was to be built across Malden River above the landing-place; and the dyke was to run from the dam across the marsh to the upland on Captain Jonathan Green's farm. Its situation can be seen on the plan of the Naval Hospital grounds drawn by S. P. Fuller, December, 1827, in the Massachusetts Archives. For the ownership of this marsh, see chap. vii. appendix.]
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[CHAP. III
to the same proprietors one and one-half acres of "marsh land where the said Dyke now is, being of an equal width from the River to the Upland - and also twelve feet in Width all the way from the River to the Upland on each side of said Dyke.""
2 Suff. Deeds, L. 171, f. 248.
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APPENDIX 9
CHAP. III]
APPENDIX 9
HON. JOHN LOW, a surveyor thoroughly acquainted with Chel- sea, says that the original Maverick Ferry Landing was westerly of Chelsea Bridge, and that Richard Bellingham, after his purchase of that part of the Maverick estate to the east thereof, built a new landing on his own estate, between the present bridge and ferry landing. There is much to confirm this statement. That there were old ferryways not far easterly of the bridge I per- sonally know, as the late James Hovey and myself, near neigh- bors, often made use of them in bathing, summer mornings long before the world was up. [When Benjamin Brintnall, in 1769, conveyed to Green the westerly seventy-seven acres of the estate, - retaining the easterly forty acres; - the east bound of the land sold began "at the Southeast corner, of said tract of land, at a heap of stones on the edge of the bank, at the Sea, a little North- east of the old Winnessimmet Ferry Ways so called," and ran northeasterly over the hill, and across the marsh about two rods, to a ditch in the marsh; thence southwest to Mill River. This proves conclusively that at some time in the past there were ferryways on what is now the Naval Hospital estate. The same deed gave to Green "forever, an uninterrupted passing open way, the whole wedth between the bank of said Sea, up to my inclosure from the South easterly corner of said tract of land Eastwardly to the open County Road forever, (to lay common for ever for the use of the said Jonathan Green . .. and all other persons that have any concerns with him or them)." This grant of a right of way would not have been necessary if the public road from Winnisimmet Ferry started at that time from the beach at the eastern corner of the estate conveyed. In 1713, Edward Watts, who had recently taken possession of the Ferry Farm, petitioned for leave to erect a gate on the road between his house and that of John Brintnall, on the ground that such had been the custom "above these fifty years."1 Obviously the
1 Mass. Archives; infra, chap. xxv. appendix.
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[CHAP. III
ferry must have started from a landing on the Ferry Farm at that period, as a gate, on the road from Lynn to the ferry, would have obstructed travel too seriously, and would not have been desired by the owner of the ferry franchise. In 1836 Sarah Green testified that in 1785 the ferryways stood "opposite said Watts' tavern house. They went nearly straight up towards said house." 2 Until the laying out of the Salem Turnpike, the road which ran " Westerly of Winnesimit Ferryways " was the only connection of the Brintnall, later the Green, farmhouses with the outer world by land.] The southerly boundary in Green's decd to Dexter was partly on the Mystic River and partly on the old road, which indicates that it went westerly of the bridge, through the United States grounds, to the original ferry landing. This piece of upland and flats not included in Dexter's purchase had been used for many years as a town landing, and the town's title to it rested on long possession. April 7, 1806, a committee was appointed by the town "to treat with William Hall respecting building a wharf on the Town Landing near Chelsea Bridge "; but May 5, the town voted not to accept his proposal.
The heirs of Jonathan Green, who died at Stoneham in 1795, brought suit for the property, and prevailed in the Supreme Court.3 The case of Peter Green et als. v. Chelsea, March 1, 1836, is No. 125 on the docket; and among the papers are references to the title from Samuel Maverick, votes of Boston and Chelsea, and the deposition of Rebecca Hays, daughter of Jonathan Green, who lived on the place some years. What disposition the Greens made of the place, I am unable to say. It now belongs to the United States. [The land conveyed by Green to Dexter in 1791 was bounded " Southerly partly on the road that goes Westerly of Winnesimit Ferryways, & partly on the River that goes from. Boston to Medford." When the Salem Turnpike was laid out, it passed the gate to Dr. Dexter's farm, 565 feet to the southwest of his boundary line. Thus the gate to the farm was not placed in the old road, which followed the shore from the Ferry land- ing, at the boundary of the Ferry Farm, but at a point some little distance to the west thereof. According to the conveyance from Green, the farm was bounded southerly by the old road from the Ferry Farm to this gate; the shore and flats which lay to the south thereof were ignored. June 13, 1805, the town voted not
2 Suff. Court Files, Superior Court, term of March 1, 1836, Peter Green et al. v. Chelsea. The site of this old landing on the Ferry Farm is marked on the plan in Suff. Deeds, L. 351, f. 153 ..
3 24 Pickering's Reports, 71.
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APPENDIX 9
CHAP. III]
to discontinue the road from Mr. Williams' (owner of the Ferry Farm) to Dr. Dexter's gate, as requested by the Directors of the Salem Turnpike and Chelsea Bridge Corporation. The land which Green's heirs contested was this strip of upland and flats which lay west of the westerly bound of the Ferry Farm, then owned by the Winnisimmet Company, and southeast of Chelsea Bridge and the town road south of the Salem Turnpike. These lands were leased by the town of Chelsea to Thomas Williams in 1831 for ten years, and Williams transferred this lease to the Win- nisimmet Company.4 This was not the first lease. In 1825 Chel- sea voted to lease for a year the landing near Chelsea Bridge to J. Pierce and T. Green for three dollars fifty cents. In May, 1829, it was leased to S. Chittenden; in 1830, for one year, to Thomas Williams. Wharf rights along the water front were beginning to be of value. The heirs of Jonathan Green con- veyed to Benjamin Brintnall, shipwright, of Charlestown, in 1832, one hundred feet of the shore adjoining on the east the Ferry Farm. After several changes of ownership this came, in 1844, into the possession of the Winnisimmet Company, - the price mentioned in the conveyance of 1832 being $200; in that of 1844, $2,000, subject to a mortgage of $1,500. The westerly portion of the flats, - between the land conveyed to Brintnall and Chelsea Bridge, - after many changes of ownership was divided, in 1850, between William Earl and G. W. Gerrish. The frontage on the turnpike was 235 feet for each proprietor; the premises were used for wharfage purposes. (Suff. Deeds, L. 362, f. 52; L. 464, f. 33; L. 520, f. 83; L. 600, f. 296; L. 361, f. 294; L. 371, f. 256; L. 362, f. 79; L. 371, f. 115; L. 414, ff. 120, 121; L. 464, f. 33, etc. A plan of the division between Earl and Gerrish is recorded in Suffolk Deeds, L. 612, f. 90.)]
+ See chap. vii.
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[CHAP. IV
CHAPTER IV
THE INDIANS AT WINNISIMMET
W HEN Samuel Maverick built his Palisade House at Winnisimmet, the region was inhabited by Indians, though greatly redueed in numbers by two causes. In 1615 the Tarratines, a powerful tribe easterly of the Penobscot, made war with the Pawtuckets, whose lands extended from the Charles to the Piscataqua, ineluding Winnisimmet, Rumney Marsh, and Pullen Point. This war was disastrous to the Pawtuckets, of whom were the Rumney Marsh Indians.1 The other eause, the plague of 1616, more fatal than war and less discriminating, ravaged the New England eoast.
The chief of the Pawtuckets was Nanepashemet of Lynn until the war with the Tarratines, when for safety he removed to the Mystic, near Medford, where he built a fortified house ; 2 but that did not proteet him, for he was killed in 1619. He left a widow, three sons, and a daughter. Their English names were Sagamore John of Mystie, and sometime of Winnisim- met ; Sagamore James of Lynn; and Sagamore George of Salem, who, surviving his mother and brothers, became saehem of his tribe.3 The daughter was Yawata. After Nanepashe- met's death his widow gathered the remnant of the tribe to the Mystie, where she governed it, leaving local rule, however, to
1 " Until the year 1738 [1739], the limits of Boston extended to Saugus, including Chelsea, which was called Rumney Marsh. Part of this great marsh is now [1844] in Chelsea and part in Saugus. The Indians living on the borders of this marsh, in Lynn and Saugus, were sometimes called the Rumney Marsh Indians." Lewis, in Lewis and Newhall, History of Lynn (1865), 39.
2 On Rock Hill, from which he watched the canoes of the hostile Indians on the Mystic River. Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc., vi. 363; Drake, Middlesex, ii. 160.
3 He died in 1684, aged 68. Eaton, Hist. of Reading, 30.
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THE INDIANS AT WINNISIMMET
CHAP. IV]
her sons. Before 1635 she married Webcowet, - medieine man of the tribe, - who became saehem in her right. She died [about 1650].4
Sagamore John, as has been said, lived sometime by the Mystie, and later at or near Winnisimmet.5 The Charlestown records say that when the Spragues eame from Salem to Charlestown in the summer of 1628, they "lighted of a place situate and lying on the north side of Charles river," full of Indians, called Aberginians. Their old sachem being dead, his eldest son, by the English ealled John Sagamore, was their chief, and a man naturally of a gentle and good disposition ; About the months of April and May, in the year of our Lord 1629, there was a great design of the Indians, from the Narragansetts, and all round about us to the eastward in all parts, to eut off the English; which John Sagamore, who always loved the English, revealed to the inhabitants of this town." 7
After a year's acquaintance with the Indians about Boston Bay, Thomas Dudley wrote to the Countess of Lineoln that,
" Upon the river of Mistick is seated sagamore John, and upon the river of Saugus sagamore James, his brother, both so named by the English. The elder brother, John, is a handsome young man, [one line missing] conversant with us, affecting English apparel and houses, and speaking well of our God. His brother James is of a far worse disposition, yet repaireth often to us.
4 [Corey, Malden, 37, note 57. Her connections seem to have been chiefly with Cambridge, as the location of the Indian huts on Wood's and Winthrop's maps would lead us to expect.]
5 Wood's Map of 1633 (Young, Chronicles of Mass., 389) places Saga- more John [above Newtown, across the Mystic from] Medford; [also the Winthrop Map in Nar. and Crit. Hist. of Amer., iii. 380; ] but he had sev- eral residences. Corey (Drake, Middlesex, ii. 113, [Hist. of Malden, 37] ) says he dwelt upon the creek which runs from the marshes between Powder Horn Hill and Winnisimmet, that is, on Island-End River, at Sweetser's or Beacham's Point in Everett. I think he was there when Maverick ministered to those of his tribe stricken with smallpox. [Hutch- inson (edition of 1795) writes " John, Sagamore of Winisimet, and James of Lynn, with almost all their people, died of the distemper." Hist., i. 38, note. See also p. 408; p. 410 " John at Medford "; also Savage, Win- throp, i. 62. October 11, 1631.]
" See Dudley's letter, Young, as above, 306. "Upon the river of Mystic."
T Ibid., 374, 377.
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[CHAP. IV
Both thesc brothers command not above thirty or forty men, for aught I can learn." 8
December 5, 1633, Governor Winthrop recorded, as has been said, that
" John Sagamore died of the small pox, and almost all his people; (above thirty buried by Mr. Maverick of Winesemett in one day). The towns in the bay took away many of the children; but most of them died soon after.
" James Sagamore of Saugus died also, and most of his folks. John Sagamore desired to be brought among the English, (so he was;) and promised (if he recovered) to live with the English and serve their God. He left one son, which he disposed to Mr. Wilson, the pastor of Boston, to be brought up by him. He gave to the governour a good quantity of wampompeague, and to divers others of the English he gave gifts, and took order for the payment of his own debts and his men's. He died in a persuasion that he should go to the Englishmen's God. Divers of them, in their sickness, confessed that the Englishmen's God was a good God; and that, if they recovered, they would serve him.
" It wrought much with them, that when their own people forsook them, yet the English came daily and ministered to them ; and yet few, only two families, took any infection by it. Among others, Mr. Maverick of Winesemett is worthy of a perpetual remembrance. Himself, his wife, and servants, went daily to them, ministered to their necessities, and buried their dead, and took home many of their children. So did other of the neighbours." 9
I now bring together such incidents as I have found respecting the tribe of Indians to which those of Winnisimmet belonged.
In a Court at Watertown, March 8, 1631. " Vpon a com- playnte made by Saggamore John & Petr for haueing 2 wigwams burnt, which, vpon examinacon, appeared to be occaconed by James Woodward, servt to ST Rich : Saltonstall,
: Young, Chronicles of Mass., 306.
" Savage, Winthrop, i. 119. This testimony, already quoted in part, places " Mr Maverick," now known to have been Samuel Maverick of Winnisimmet, in an amiable light. He had had a sharp encounter, a few years before, with the Indians, - possibly with some of those whom he now befriended. 2 Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc., i. 236.
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THE INDIANS AT WINNISIMMET
CHAP. IV]
it was therefore ordered, that S' Richard should satisfie the Indians for the wronge done to them, (which accordingly hee did by giueing them 7 yards of cloath,) & that his said servt should pay vnto him for it, att the end of his tyme, the some of 1$."> 10
March 26, 1631. " John Sagamore and James his brother, with divers sannops, came to the governour to desire his letter for recovery of twenty beaver skins, which one Watts in England had forced him of. The governour entertained them kindly, and gave him his letter with directions to Mr. Down- ing in England, etc." 11
At a General Court in Boston, May 18, 1631, " Chickatau- bott and Saggamore John pmised vnto the Court to make satisfaccon for whatsoeuer wronge that any of their men shall doe to any of the Englishe, to their cattell or any oth" waies." 12
July 13, 1631. "Canonicus' son, the great sachem of Nar- aganset, come to the governour's house with John Sagamore. After they had dined, he gave the governour a skin, and the governour requited him with a fair pewter pot, which he took very thankfully, and stayed all night." 13
August 8, 1631. "The Tarentines, to the number of one hundred, came in three canoes, and in the night assaulted the wigwam of the sagamore of Agawam, by Merimack, and slew seven men, and wounded John Sagamore, and James, and some others, (whereof some died after,) and rifled a wigwam where Mr Cradock's men kept to catch sturgeon, took away their nets and biscuit, etc." 14
September 17, 1631. " Mr. Shurd of Pemaquid, sent home James Sagamore's wife, who had been taken away at the surprise at Agawam, and writ that the Indians demanded [ ] fathom of wampampeague and [ ] skins for her ransom." 15
April 16, 1632. " The messenger returned, and brought a letter from the governour [of Plymouth], signifying, that
10 Mass. Col. Rec., i. 84. [Sir Richard Saltonstall was of Watertown.]
11 Savage, Winthrop, i. 49.
12 Mass. Col. Rec., i. 87.
13 Savage, Winthrop, i. 58. [See also i. 52. April 4, 1631.]
14 Ibid., 59, 60. [Mr. Cradock's farm was on the upper Mistick ; Agawam was later named Ipswich.]
15 Ibid., 61.
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[CHAP. IV
the Indians were retired from Sowams to fight with the Pequins, which was probable, because John Sagamore and Chickatabott were gone with all their men, viz., JJohn Saga- more with thirty, and Chiekatabott with [ ] to Canoni- eus, who had sent for them." 16
At a Court, Boston, September 4, 1632. " Saggamore John, &e pmised against the nexte yeare, & soe euer after, to fence their eorne against all kinde of eattell." 17
November 7. " It is ffurther agreed, that S' Richard Sal- tonstall shall giue Saggamore John a hogshead of corne for the hurt his eattell did him in his eorne." 18
Sagamore John seems to have been friendly to the English ; and they just to him. Sagamore James died young, in 1633, and therefore was little known by the Winnisimmet people. He lived at Saugus,19 and married the daughter of Passaeona- way, the noted chief at Penaeook (Coneord, N. H.).
On the death of Jolin and James, the sueeession passed to their brother, Sagamore George, subjeet to the supreme authority of his mother, Squaw Saehem, widow of Nane- pashemet. His jurisdiction, at first over Lynn and Rumney Marsh, after his mother's death, extended north and east of the Charles to the Piseataqua. His immediate possessions were in Winnisimmet, Rumney Marsh, Saugus, and Lynn ; 20 and his immediate subjeets, the Rumney Marsh Indians. About 1676 his family removed to the vieinity of Lowell. In the war with the Wampanoags, the same year, he joined King Philip, was taken prisoner, and earried as a slave to Bar- badoes, whenee he returned. Born in 1616, married to a daughter of Poquanum, who lived in Nahant, he died in 1684, at the house of James Rumney Marsh, the son of his sister
16 Savage, Winthrop, i., 72.
17 Mass. Col. Rec., i. 99.
18 Ibid., 102.
19 [See the location of the Indian huts on Wood's and Winthrop's maps, in Lynn (then Saugus) across the river from Rumney Marsh.]
20 [The jurisdiction and the immediate possessions of Sagamore George seem to have been confined to the region about Salem and Lynn until after the death of the Squaw Sachem. In 1644, with other Indian chiefs, she signed a document placing herself under the jurisdiction of the Massa- chusetts Government. During her lifetime friendly relations seem to have been maintained. She died about. 1650. Corey, Malden, 33-37. The authority for the statement in the text is Lewis, History of Lynn.]
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CHAP. IV] THE INDIANS AT WINNISIMMET
Yawata.21 He left a son and three daughters, the latter of great personal attractions.
Sagamore George made trouble for the landowners in Run- ney Marsh and adjacent towns. For more than ten years, sometimes by suit in the inferior courts, and at others by petition to the General Court, he pursued them for lands unjustly withheld, as he claimed. One of his petitions is pre- served in the Massachusetts Archives : 22
" To ye Right Worth ye Gornor the Worth Dept-Gov"no" & Magis- trats of this honord Courte,
" The humble Pettieon of George Indian, humbly Requesting Whereas yor Peticon" hath often besought this honord Courte to eonsider. his Condieon, & weighing sueh Grounds & euedene as he hath produced to deelare & manifest his interest & Just Tytle to the Lands of his late brother deeeassed, on mistiek side, & eon- eeiueing the honord eourte to be soficiently informed & possessed with the truth & equitie of his Cause in & aboute the same, That now at Last out of yor Great elemency & Compassion towards yor poore Indian & Petitioner, you will bee pleased to vouehsafe him somme smalle parte pareell or proportion of his inheritane Land for himselfe & Company to plant in, which he only is bould to put you in Remembrane of as hertofore not doubting of his grante from yor Greate fauor toward him, whoe is willing to be now & euer
An humble servt to this honuered Courte & Country George Indian. in Answer to this petition the Depts. thinke that the petitioner be referd to bring his aetion in some inferior Court Aeeordinge to law (aganist any yt wthold it vnjustly from him) wth Refene to ye Consent of ye honord magists.
herevnto
William Torrey, Cleric
The Magsts Consent heereto.
Edw. Rawson, Secrety "
21 Daughter of Nanepashemet. She had a son, Muminquash, in 1636, called James Rumney Marsh. [Corey, Hist. of Malden, p. 48, note 98, con- tradicts the statement of Lewis on this point.] They removed to Natick ..
22 Vol. xxx. 19. [The original petition with the endorsements thereon. The order of the Court in its final form is in Mass. Col. Rec., iv. Pt. i. 52, under date of May 22, 1651; also in iii. 233. The third volume of the Colonial Records dates all entries from the first day of the session, hence the order appears in the latter as of date May 13.]
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Appended to this is the following deposition :
" Quachamaquine saith : when George Indians brother was sick of the pox before his death he spake to him & Egawam with him & said when I die I giue all my wompam & Coates & other things to my mother & all my ground to my owne brother meaning the Ground about powder horne hill, vnles his own sonne did liue but if his sonne dyed then none to haue the Ground but his brother George Indian, and Egawam saith the same; & they both say that seauen dayes after this John Sagamore George's Brother dyed 21 8 1651 mo
These annoyances drove the Rumney Marsh people to the General Court.
" To the Right wor John Endicot Gouor; the . wor Thomas . Dudley - Deputie - Gouor : wth. the. rest of the Magistrats - & Deputies. of the Generall Court now Assembled. in Boston -
The . humble Petition of John Newgate , John Coggine. Robert Keayne - Samuell . Cole; Nicholas . Parker; & other inhabitants . of Rumne - Marsh
Showeth :
. That whereas this Honored Cowrt hath formerly giuen that necke of Land, caled by the Name of Rumne Marsh; diuers years since to Boston, for the accomodation of that Towne and ye Townsmen thereof hath deuided the same to many of there Inhabitants, some whercof hath sould & passed ouer there. Alotments to others, and many alsoe haue bought much of there Land there, and Layd owt the greatest pt of there estates, in Buildinge . ffensing . plantinge &c/ and haue inioyed the same peacably for these six- tene years & vpwards; as is the Condition of most of yor Peti- tione's : And yet now haue the Title of there Land called into Question, by Sagamore George an Indian , by some pretence of clayme that he makes thereto, and vpon that pretence . (though . he haue lyen qwiet soe many years & neuer made any clayme thereto) yet lately, by the instigation of some discontented, or disaffected persons as we verely suppose, he hath bine full of molestation to yor Petitione's. and hath by way of Petitions brought vs twise into the Gener Cowrt, who after strict inqwire . by Committes chosen on purpose to examine it - fownd no Just grownd of clayme, & therevpon reiected his Petitions . yet after
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