USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Lowell > Hand book of business in Lowell : with a history of the city > Part 11
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The schools of Lowell are, one High School, with seven teach- ers and two hundred and thirty pupils ; ten Grammar Schools, with thirty-six teachers and over eighteen hundred pupils; five Intermediate Schools, with eight teachers and four hundred pupils ; and forty-eight Primary Schools, with one teacher apiece, and twenty-seven hundred pupils. The cost of all these school- houses was about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The appropriations of the City Council for schools are between fifty and sixty thousand dollars a year. These schools are under the management of a committee, chosen annually by the citizens. Much has been done for the education of the young employed in the mills, by several Free Evening Schools, in connection with the Ministry at Large. These Schools have two sessions a week in winter ; and about a thousand pupils,-many of them of adult years,-here receive gratuitous instruction.
These public schools are institutions of distinguished excellence The District School System, which was first adopted here, proved inadequate to the educational wants of the rising community. The present system was adopted as early as 1832, chiefly through . the efforts of Rev. Dr. Edson, Warren Colburn, and a few others, contrary to the wishes and determined opposition of the mana-
155
FAND -BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS.
SHOREY & LYMAN, No. 4 APPLETON BLOCK, CENTRAL ST., MANUFACTURERS OF
PORTRAIT AND PICTURE FRAMES
Having the best quality and styles of Moulding, we can make neater Frames than at any other place in Lowell.
The beauty of a Frame is to have the corners well put together, which we can do at short notice,-having a Machine to cut them in. Also,
FURNITURE REPAIRED, Sofas Reseated and made as good as new. Cabinet Job Work neatly executed.
REMEMBER NO. 4 APPLETON BLOCK, CENTRAL STREET, LOWELL.
Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Hartford. JAS. GOODWIN, President. GUY R. PHELPS, Secretary. INCORPORATED IN 1846.
During the 10 years of its existence, this Company has issued over 20.000 Policies, and accumulated a capital of over $2,000,000, and pays a dividend of 50 per cent. annually, to policy holders. The Dividends are declared on the 31st of January, of each year. California risks taken on reasonable terms.
A. C. CHADWICK,
Agent for Lowell and vicinity.
"OFFICE AT E. B: PATCH'S AUCTION ROOM, where any information and all necessary papers may be obtained.
D. W . BARTH, FASHIONABLE HAIR DRESSING AND
jog
Middle Street, Opposite the Post Office, LOWELL- MASS. Champooing and Hair Dyeing done in the best style. Particular attention paid to Children's Hair Cutting.
15€
HISTORY OF LOWELL:
gers of the mills. So bitter was their hostility to these schools, that no gentleman connected with the mills could, for a long time, be persuaded to visit one of them. But, in February, 1833, -- when Hon. Henry Clay, Governor Lincoln, and other distinguished gentlemen, came to Lowell, and expressed a wish to visit these schools, and be introduced to the scholars,-these corporation gentlemen concluded to change their tactics, and accompany their distinguished guests into those nurseries of the young, of which they were now compelled to feel proud. Opinionated men may call them useless, and sectarian bigots may denounce them as Godless and Infidel ; but the good sense of the masses will sus- tain these schools, and those who seek to destroy them, will them- selves be destroyed.
There are six banks in Lowell, with an aggregate capital of one million four hundred thousand dollars. These are the Rail- road, the Lowell, the Appleton, the Prescott, the Wamesit, and the Merchants'. The amount of banking capital is certainly none too great ; but it is the general belief that there are too many banks to divide the business. Experience has demonstrated that the increase of banks has diminished the " discount facilities" of the business men of the place, -each bank having a special " set of friends" upon whom to lavish its favors ;- while it has aggra- vated all the evils of usury, speculation, " note-shaving," and what would be called cheating, if that were not too harsh a word to be applied to those whom we are bound to consider, (as An- thony did the assassins of Cæsar, ) " all honorable men."
Of public journals, Lowell has been prolific. Over forty papers, of various descriptions, have been started here at various times ; but through the successful competition of the Boston press, most of them have gone down to premature graves. The journal prob- ably most extensively known in connection with this city, was the Lowell Offering, a monthly periodical, published from 1840 to 1845, and devoted mainly to the literary effusions of the young ladies employed in the mills. The principal mover in this novel enterprize was Miss Harriet Farley, an operative herself, and daughter of a clergyman of Amesbury. Many of these Offering essays evinced very correct taste, and highly respectable talent.
HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 157
CALVERT'S IMPROVED PATENT
SOTTO
WILLOW
AND
Cleaning Machine.
MERRILLESC
To Cotton Manufacturers.
GENTLEMEN :
The undersigned would respectfully call your attention to our Improved CALVERT WILLOW. We deem it unnecessary to eulogize the many merits it possesses over all other kinds of Cotton Openers now before the public, but choose to let the Machine stand upon its own merits. Our Improved Ma- chines may be seen at the Merrimack and Appleton Manufacturing Com- panies, Lowell ; at C. W. Sayles, Esquire's Mill, North Wrentham, Mass. ; and at W. Lenoris & Brothers, Lenoris, Tennessee.
We challenge the manufacturing public to produce a Machine equal to ours for Opening and Cleansing Cotton from leaf, dirt, and seeds, or other foreign substance.
The Original Calvert Willows have been long and favorably known to most of the Cotton Manufacturers of this country, and may be found in most of the large Manufacturing Establishments.
Persons in want of Cotton Cleansing Machines are respectfully solicited to examine our Improved Machine before purchasing elsewhere.
MANUFACTURED BY CALVERT & SARGENT 9
GRANITEVILLE, MASS.
14
158
HISTORY OF LOWELL:
Some of them have since been published in a volume, entitled " Mind Among the Spindles." 1
There are published in Lowell, at the present time, three daily and five weekly newspapers, with an aggregate circulation of some ten thousand. The dailies are the Journal and Courier, (Republican, ) the Advertiser, (Democratic, ) and the Citizen and News, (Native American. ) The weeklies are the Journal and Courier, (Republican, ) the Patriot and Republican, (Dem- ocratic,) Vox Populi, (Independent, ) the Christian Era, (Cal- vinistic Baptist, ) and the American Citizen, (Native American.) Ayers' American Almanac is also published here, having a cir- culation of nearly three million copies per annum.
The Lowell Fire Department contains about four hundred and fifty men, divided into twelve companies, with ten engines, under the direction of a Board of Engineers, chosen by the. City Coun- cil. Connected with this department are sixty-seven hydrants, supplied with water, from the Reservoir on Lynde's Hill, by fif- teen thousand feet of water-pipe. The firemen are an orderly and meritorious body of men. Their history is distinguished by many feats of daring and self-sacrificing heroism, and is unsullied by a single stain. None of those riotous demonstrations, by which their brethren in other cities have sometimes incurred dis- grace, have ever been witnessed here.
The Military Department consists of four companies, with forty men each, of Volunteer Militia. These are the Mechanic Phalanx, the City Guards, the Watson Light Guard, and the Lawrence Cadets. They have long deservedly sustained a high reputation for discipline and all the military virtues. Happily for the city, none of these companies have ever had occasion to display their prowess in anything more serious than a sham-fight.
The present population of Lowell numbers about thirty-eight thousand persons, divided into six thousand three hundred fami- lies ; and the females out-number the males by more than seven thousand. Two-thirds of our inhabitants are of Ameri- can birth ; but every quarter of the globe has its represen- tatives here. Massachusetts furnishes more than one-half of the native born, and Ireland more than two-thirds of the foreign born.
159
HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS.
TO COTTON MANUFACTURERS.
FIG 1
E
A
C
D
FIC 2
FIG 3
MERRILL.
We beg leave to call your attention to a new METALLIC TOOTHED CYLIN- DER, to be used with Cotton Cards, as a Licker-in, in connection with the shell, feed-rolls, and screen shown in the drawing annexed. A few of the advantages over the old Licker-in consists in its durability, its great perfec- tion in cleansing cotton from the dirt and leaf, its distributing the cotton more evenly over the Main Cylinder, its making only one-half the amount of flyings, and in its requiring neither stripping, grinding, or any other at- tention. These Cylinders have been in use in some of the Lowell Mills du- ring the past eight years, and are found to improve in sharpness and condi- tion from the time of being put into use. This Licker-in can be applied to any Cotton Card without alterations, it being put in the same bearings as those in use.
Those Manufacturers having Licker in Cylinders made of iron, can have them clothed with Metallic clothing, and save the expense of new Cylinders ; and so far as they have been in use, it is thought they will last twenty years, if not injured by accident.
We annex a few of the many flattering recommendations we have received from those using our Metallic Licker-in, and respectfully request those de- sirous of trying them, to examine them at work.
CALVERT & SARGENT, Manufacturers, GRANITEVILLE, MASS.
Lancaster Mills, Clinton, July 30, 1856. MESSRS. CALVERT & SARGENT,
Gents :- We have used "Calvert's Opener" for opening all our cotton, for eight years, with satisfaction.
We have used your Metallic Licker-in, for Cotton Card Machines, about eight months, and are so well pleased with their work, and with the condition in which they keep without grinding and other repairing, that we are substi- tuting them for our card-clothed Lickers-in as fast as the latter need repair. Yours respectfully, FRANKLIN FORBES, Agent.ª
(Continued on page 161.)
160
HISTORY OF LOWELL:
Some fifteen thousand persons are employed in the mills. The rest of the population are engaged in miscellaneous pursuits ; and very few of " those idle vagabonds, called gentlemen;" are here to be found.
The sanitary condition of Lowell is remarkably good. When we consider how many are employed in the mills, where the phy- sical system is more or less over-worked,-where a one-sided de- velopment is induced by the endless repetition, without variation, of one simple mechanical process, or series of processes,-where unwholesome particles of vegetable or metallic dust are constantly inhaled into the lungs,-where the conditions of the atmosphere are generally unfavorable to robustness and vigor,-this fact may appear astonishing. But, perhaps, the unstationary character of our population will account for it. The emigration to other parts of the country, of those who have worked a few years in the mills, -- and the constant immigration from agricultural districts, of new recruits to fill the places of the retiring operatives,-are the immediate causes of this high sanitary condition of our city. Emigration, then, which has ever been regarded as " the safety- valve of nations," becomes with us the safety-valve of health.
The managers of the corporations have done much for the health and well-being of their employes,-by providing comforta- ble boarding houses,-by a judicious system of boarding-house management,-by establishing a general hospital,-by careful attention to ventilation, -and by all means that science or inge- nuity could suggest. But the condition of the operative is unen- viable at best. The statistics of deaths in Massachusetts for 1854, show that while seven thousand seven hundred and thirty-five farmers died, whose average age was over sixty-four years, -- there died during the same year seven thousand seven hundred and eighty-one mechanics, whose average age was only forty-six years, -showing a difference of eighteen years against the mechanic. So that, while a farmer at twenty may expect to live forty-four years,-an operative at twenty may only expect to live twenty- six years.
The average work-hours are eleven hours a day. The average wages are eighty cents a day for males, and two dollars a week
HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 161
Belt Combing Machine.
MERRILLE
The above cut represents a Worsted Combing Machine, known as the New England Comber. This is one of the first Machines in use in this country, for Combing Wools for Carpet Warps. It is considered one of the best in use, and has been found a superior machine for native wools. It yields from sixty to eighty per cent. of tops. This Machine is in very general use, and may be seen in most of the large Worsted establishments, and at our shop. in Graniteville ; and also a complete set of Worsted Machinery can be seen in operation. We manufacture Calvert & Sargent's Ring and Table Combing Machines, and Worsted and Woolen Machinery generally.
CALVERT & SARGENT, BUILDERS, GRANITEVILLE, (Near Lowell,-on the Stony Brook Railroad,) MASS.
(Continued from page 159.)
The Lowell Manufacturing Company have had Messrs. Calvert & Sargent's Metallic Lickers-in in use for about five years past, and the working of the same has been entirely satisfactory.
Lowell, April 9, 1855.
The Suffolk Manufacturing Company have used the above described Lick- ers-in, and find them much preferable to those covered with card clothing.
SAM'L FAY, Supt.
JOHN WRIGHT, Sup't. April 14, 1855.
14N
162
HISTORY OF LOWELL:
for females, clear of board. Many operatives, by rigid economy and self-denial, contrive not only to support themselves, but also to save some portion of these meagre earnings. Two-thirds of the deposits in the savings banks are made by operatives. Hundreds of hale, buxom New England girls,-leaving their rural homes and entering the mills,-have here earned means to help parents in pecuniary distress, -- to educate sisters, brothers or themselves, -or to endow the homes of their future husbands. To be an operative may render one of either sex unpresentable in fashiona- ble society ;- but it has ever been deemed an honorable means of raising a dower. The moral police of the mills is such that no doubt is ever raised as to the charcter of any woman, on account of her having been an operative. Examples of long-suffering toil, of heroic grappling with unpropitious fortune, of humble, affectionate and sublime self-sacrifice,-unseen of men, but writ- ten forever in the Book of Life, -have occurred among this hum- ble class,-of which many volumes, as thrilling as any of Scott or Dickens, might be written. Those " pensioners on the dead," whose whole consequence is derived from their fathers, will hardly assume equality with many, now moving in the high places of the nation, who, beginning in the lowly rank of mill-operatives, have forced their own way upward, and conquered for themselves hon- orable positions in the world.
The capital fact in our case is, -that we have no permanent operative population. Carlyle may reiterate, as often as he pleases, that mill-work is holy, and that " labor is worship ;"- but it is this fact, and this alone, that has saved us from those evils of vice and ignorance, demoralization and misery, which have been engendered by manufactures in some cities of Europe. While most of our operatives are born and bred in virtuous rural homes, and, after working a few years in the mills, return to ag- ricultural pursuits, the interests of Lowell will rest secure ; for, as Jefferson remarks in his Notes on Virginia, " corruption of morals, in the mass of cultivators, is a phenomenon, of which no age nor nation furnishes an example." But let the curse of a permanent operative population fasten itself upon us,-and all the "woes unnumbered" of the Iliad would be realized here. Lowell
-
HAND - BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 163
To Woollen Manufacturers.
MAIN C OF CARD.
MERRILL
The undersigned would respectfully call the attention of Woollen Manufac- turers to their
BURRING CYLINDERS.
These excellent machines are manufactured under Francis A. Calvert's Pa- tent, issued January 23, 1849, and under Charles G. Sargent's Patent, issued October 9, 1849, and, by license, under Milton D. Whipple's Patent, issued October 28, 1840, and extended for seven years from the expiration thereof.
The advantages which these Cylinders possess over all of similar con- struction, are :
First,-The price at which they are offered being at least 50 per cent. less than the original price of the Parkhurst Cylinder.
Second,-The operation is perfectly satisfactory. They are not liable to clog up or throw large quantities of wool into the refuse box or upon the floor, but they uniformly receive and deliver the wool to the card even, and free from burrs, dye-drugs, chips, or any other foreign deleterious substance.
Third,-The mode of construction being such that the Cylinder can be di- vested of all its operating parts, and invested with entire new clothing, ren- dering it equally perfect in its operation and durability as at first, at a cost of from ten to fifteen dollars, varying according to size.
To manufacturers who are unacquainted with their operation, we would say that one attached to the First Breaker will add at least 33 per cent. to the durability of card clothing, especially on the coarser grades of wool.
Letters Patent for this Cylinder have been secured in England, where the patentee at present resides, making and putting them in operation extensively.
MANUFACTURED BY
CALVER SARGENT, Graniteville, Mass.
-
164
HISTORY OF LOWELL:
would become a foul blot upon the face of the country. Like the blood of Duncan on the fair hands of Lady Macbeth, all the waters of the ocean could not wash it out, nor " all the perfumes of Arabia" sweeten it. In the very heart of all our civilization would be engendered what Macaulay would term " a race of Huns fiercer than those who fought under Attila, and Vandals more bent on destruction than those who followed Genseric." Degraded to the level of the Indian Pariahs, their independence would be that of serfs ; their liberty, that of prisoners ; their leisure, that of work-house paupers; their education, that of plantation negroes ; their health, that of invalids ; their chastity, that of harem women; and their wages, like the wages of sin, would be Death.
But this is not to be. Though in a certain sense, as Whittier says, "man and mechanism are reduced to a common level, and answer to the same bell-call ;" yet a majority of our operatives, are not born such, and do not die such. They well understand that, as Say observes, " to have never done anything but make the eighteenth part of a pin, is a sorry account for any human being to give of his existence." Elevated far above the manufac- turing population of any country on the globe, -- they are well described by Mr. Case, as " a reading, thinking, honest, econom- ical and independent class."
In a mere manufacturingcommunity, we should, of course, look in vain for any literary " happy-family" coteries,-such as Em- erson has gathered around him at Concord,-sitting at the feet of the American Plato, as Saul sat at the feet of Gamaliel,- now visiting the Diogenes-hut of Thoreau,-and now drinking a transcendental cup of tea in Hawthorne's " House with Seven Gables." It would be equally vain to inquire for fashionable society here,-such as crowded the parlors of the late Abbott Lawrence in Boston. It is the boast of Lowell, that it has no aristocracy, either of wealth or talent, or of rank or position. It is simply a city of mechanics, who have made the world ring with their achievements in mechanism ;- nothing more.
165
HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS.
THE ABBOT
Worsted Company,
Having located themselves
IN GRANITEVILLE, MASS.,
Are prepared to Manufacture
CREWELS,
CROCHETS, TASSELS,
AND Fine Worsted Yarn
GENERALLY.
Manufactory and Post-office Address,
Graniteville, Mass.
166
HISTORY OF LOWELL:
INDEX TO HISTORY.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Preface, 3
The Merrimac River Valley,
Topography and Natural Scenery,
8
Indian Antiquities, - 10
Lowell under an Indian King, - 14
106
Lowell as an Indian Reservation, Indian Institutions, -
18 20
Hon. Luther Lawrence, Hon. Abbott Lawrence, The Museum, 116 112
Gookin's Account, 24
An Idolatress Judged,
28
Annexation to Chelmsford, -
30
The Last Indian,
34
Death of Harrison, - 122
Revolutionary Associations, -
East Chelmsford, 1
38
President Tyler's Visit, 124 Anecdote of Webster,* 126 Events between 1844 and 1846, 130
Pawtucket and Middlesex Canals, 40 Events between 1800 and 1820,
44
132 Judge Locke. - 134 Events of 1846 and 1847, - - President Polk's Visit, - Gen. Cass as a Lecturer, - 138 138 Events between 1848 and 1852, - 140
Kossuth's Visit, 142
144
146
Events between 1830 and 1836, 92
*In some copies of this work, by an error of the types, this anecdote is datel in 1849, instead of 1843.
INDEX TO HAND - BOOK.
Apothecaries
PAGE.
Edward Bush,
9
J. R. Hayes, -
27
Carleton & Hovey, -
43
Samuel Kidder, Jr.,
57
Coffin Makers
S. M. Proctor,
87
A. P. Lesure,
105
Commission Merchants
A. L. Waite & Co.,
79
Samuel N. Wood,
-
139
Confectioners
A. B. French,
65
A. W. Leonard,
95
Chemicals, Dye Stuffs, &c
C. P. Talbot,
137
Deputy Sheriffs
P. V. Thomas,
153
E. L. Shed, (Coroner),
153
Dry Goods Dealer
Otis L. Allen, -
97
Samuel Stone. -
105
Bill Poster
James A. Metcalf, -
113
Dentists
Book Sellers
B. C. Sargeant,
23,153
Joshua Merrill,
61
Crockery Dealers
PAGE.
H. S. Haynes,
89
Wm. Dearden,
97
Cigar Dealer
I. D. Wood,
105
Frederick Barron, -
71
J. T. Billings, . 73, 75
M. E. Thompson,
119
E. A. Staniels, 143
Attorneys and Counsellors
Brown & Alger,
153
L. J. Fletcher,
153
Charles Cowley,
-
153
Architect
95
J. H. Rand,
Barbers
Joseph Jenkinson, -
105
Edward Jenkinson, -
109
D. W. Barth, -
155
Boot and Shoe Dealers
Hilton & Peabody, -
25
Designer and Engraver
G. B. Merrill, -
81
Ambrose Lawrence,
7
Samuel Lawrence,
33
S. L. & W. G. Ward,
-
123, 125
5 Lowell as a City,
- 96 The First Mayor, 98
102
Events between 1836 and 1840, - Death of Mr. Jackson,
110
120 The Mayors of Lowell, The Cemetery, - 122
34
Patrick T. Jackson and Francis C. Lowell, - 54 62
The First Company at Waltham, The First Company in Lowell, - 66 72 |
Kirk Boott and his Compeers, - Events of 1825, 76 The New Depot, and the Jail, - Lowell as a Town, 80 Manufactures in 1856, I The Boston and Lowell Railroad, 90 Churches, Schools, Banks, Jour- nals, etc., - -
150
Gen. Jackson's Visit, 96
167
HAND- BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS.
HOWARD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
OF LOWELL, MASS., Insures against Hazards by Fire, on Real and Personal Property.
CAPITAL AND SURPLUS $130,000.
Office, --- No. 17 Appleton Block, Central Street.
DIRECTORS :
LOWELL :
Nathan Allen,
John A. Knowles,
Oliver M. Whipple,
Abner W. Buttrick, Moses G. Howe. Ephraim Brown. TEWKSBURY :
Sidney Spalding,
Elijah M. Reed.
Samuel Burbank,
BOSTON :
Joshua Merrill,
Benj. B. Mussey,
Stephen Cushing,
Alonzo A. Miner,
Caleb M. Marvel, Joshua W. Daniels,
Benj. E. Bates.
SALEM: S. C. Phillips.
J. W. DANIELS, Sec'y and Treas. NATHAN ALLEN, Pres't.
PUBLISHER'S NOTE.
THE publisher of this work felicitates himself on the success of all his plans in relation hereto. His most sanguine anticipations have been more than realized. In the department of advertising, he has been agreeably disap- pointed. When he fixed the whole number of his pages at one hundred and fifty, he felt that he had extended his limits to the highest point availa- ble. Many practical printers cautioned him that he was extending his plans too far, and that the enterprise would inevitably fail. But the result has proved that he might have multiplied the number of his pages indefinitely .- He might have procured two or three times the amount of advertising pa- tronage which he has procured, without any extraordinary exertion.
For these reasons, the publisher has extended his limits eighteen pages beyond the highest number upon which he originally fixed. He would have extended them still further, to accommodate those who had engaged space in this work, but failed to send their advertisements to the office in season, could he have done so without undoing much that had already been comple- ted, and delaying the day of publication later than he wished.
For the very liberal patronage extended to this enterprise, by the adver- tising community, he would express his sincere thanks; and at the same time, he congratulates his numerous patrons in Lowell on having now re- moved the stigma heretofore attached to them-that they would not en- courage a local medium for advertising.
E. D. GREEN. LOWELL, AUGUST 15, 1856.
A COPY-RIGHT OF THIS WORK HAS BEEN SECURED ACCORDING TO LAW.
168
HISTORY OF LOWELL:
Daguerreotype Artist
M. Bailey,
-
113
Fish and Fruit
E. R. Clarke, -
151
E. D. Sargent,
113
Guns, Pistols, &c
Joseph Harding,
101
Abijah Cutter,
147
Hair Oils
J. Russell Spaulding,
53
Hats, Caps, &c
Wm. P. Brazer,
Hotel
29
Geo. Hedrick, -
65
Lowell Island House,
-
37
Insurance Companies
Traders' & Mechanics',
Howard, -
167
Insurance Agents
Jeremiah S. Folsom,
75
A. James Richmond,
145
A. C. Chadwick.
155
Physicians
Jeweller
A. W. Pollard,
13
Quadrille Band
Brooks & Elliott, -
145
Merchant Tailors, &c
Daniel Farrington, -
41
S. T. Lancaster,
51
Wilder & Dana,
33
J. Frank Croxford, -
67
Page & Beck, -
111
Joseph P. Thompson,
83
Gilman & Worcester,
85
A. A. Putnam,
131
H. H. Barnes,
133
Machinists
Calvert & Sargent, 157, 159, 161, 163
Picture Frames
Shorey & Lyman, -
-
155
Provision Dealer
.
91
Moses Kelley,
Patent Medicine Proprietors
E. D. Hayes, 15
H. Kelsey,
-
39
J. A. Masta,'
55
-
Perry Davis,
63
J. W. Poland, -
69
Dr. Clough,
115
Worsted Manufactory
Geo. Molloy,
I. M. Singer & Co.,
21
Suspenders and Shoulder Braces
Geo. W. Walker, -
47
Steam and Gas Pipes
Horace R. Barker, -
99
Telegraph Agent
C. K. Lewis,
-
119
Veterinary Surgeon
Dr. Robert Wood, -
141
Wire Work
H. A. Hildreth,
109
Wines and Liquors
Prius, Arandes & Co.,
103
121 The Abbot Worsted Company,
165
Printing
Courier,
17
Vox Populi,
31
Citizen and News,
45
B. H. Penhallow,
-
59
Advertiser,
93
Piano Fortes
Painter
Abner Kittridge,
107
Pattern Maker
J. E. Crane,
-
Patent Agents
11
R. H. Eddy,
-
35
Samuel Cooper,
77
Amos Sanborn,
49
Dr. Harmon,
117
Lumber, Coal, &c
Wm. E. Livingston,
87
Stove Dealers
Bangs Brothers;
19
Cushing & Mack, -
135
Sewing Machines
23
James C. Ayer,
127,129
A. H. Field,
149
The Author lays down his pen with a profound consciousness that the subject, of which he has now sketched the outline, is very far from being exhausted. A great mass of materials are still at his command,-which he has found it impossible to condense into the present work These materials would fill a volume of four or five hundred duodecimo pages ; and it is among the possibilities of the future, that he may yet prepare them for publication, with a large number of illustrative cuts and engravings. This, however, must be determined by events beyond his present control.
[CONTINUED FROM SECOND PAGE OF COVER.]
ILLINOIS CENTRAL R. R. LANDS.
NOTICE TO PURCHASERS.
The lands offered for sale by the Illinois Central Rail Road Company, were granted by the United States to the State of Illinois, by the Act of 20th September, 1850. All the conditions stipulated in that Act have been fulfilled, and the title to these lands can no longer be affected by legislation.
By the Act of 10th February, 1851, the State of Illinois incorporated this Company, and directed the Governor to convey to said Company, by a Decd in fec simple, all of said land, &c., which was done.
The said Act further required said Company to execute a Deed of Trust, of all of said lands, &c., to certain persons named therein by the State, to secure the per- formance of the conditions and stipulations required thereby. The Bonds issued inder this trust are being paid as fast as the money is received from the sale of the lands set apart for that purpose. All Bonds received for lands, or purchased with the proceeds of such lands, are officially cancelled by the Trustees.
Where payment is made in full, the purchaser at once obtains his title from the Trustees appointed by the State. If the sale is on credit, however, the title is not given till final payment is made, but the purchaser receives a Contract, stipulating that such title will be given on full payment and compliance with the conditions specified therein. Each payment for lands sold on credit can be made in Construction Bonds or Cash; and if in the latter, it is applied to the purchase of such Bonds ; and the particular tract is at once exempted from liability, and a perfect title given by the Trustees-being, in fact, the first conveyance under the authority of the General Government.
The sales are made under the direction of the Trustees, and are authorized by an Act of the State Legislature. The lands thus sold are exempted from taxation by said law of the State till finally paid for.
The Trustees execute Deeds for all lands sold ; and the conveyance by said Trustees, in the terms of the law, is " an absolute title in fee simple," ond operates " as a release or an acquittance of the particular tract or tracts so sold from all liability or in- cumbrance on account of said Deed of Trust, and the issue of said Bonds-so as to vest in the purchasers a complete and indefensible title."
Thus it is seen, that the Act of Congress making the grant, secures the title in purchasers, whatever may be the action of the State ; and the law of the- State in- corporating this Company, while amply securing the Bond holders, is alike careful to pro- tect purchasers of the lands, and to secure to them perfect and complete titles in any, and every contingency.
It is believed that the price, long credit, and low rate of interest, charged for these lands, will enable a man with a few hundred dollars in cash and ordinary industry, to make him- self independent before all the purchase money becomes due. In the meantime, the rapid settlement of the country will probably have increased their value four or five fold. When required, an experienced person will accompany applicants to give information and aid in selecting lands.
Circulars, containing numerous instances of successful farming, signed by respectable and well known farmers living in the neighborhood of the Railroad lands, throughout the State,-also, the fencing, price of cattle, expense of harvesting, etc., by contract, or any other information, will be cheerfully given on application, either personally or by letter, in English, French, or German, addressed to
JOHN WILSON, Land Commissioner of the Illinois Central Rail Road Lands,
Office in Illinois Central Rail Road Depot, Chicago, Illinois.
JAMES E. BUTTS, JR., & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO THE
Howell Delire Fence Company,
MANUFACTURERS OF THE
New Patent Wire Fence,
-AND-
WOVEN BY MACHINERY AT LOWELL,
THE CHEAPEST AND BEST ARTICLE IN THE WORLD FOR ENCLOSING
FARMS, GARDENS, CEMETERIES, RAILROADS, &C.
OFFICE : NO. 38 WATER STREET, BOSTON.
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