USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Concord > Historic Concord, a handbook of its story and its memorials > Part 6
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Orchard House, Home of the Alcotts
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Historic Concord
to keep it, when a farmer knocked at the door. He had started for Boston with a load of wood, but the drifts were so bad that he asked if he might not drop the wood in the Alcotts' yard. Alcott might pay for it at any time. The family was deeply impressed; the incident seemed to justify one of Mrs. Alcott's sayings: 'Cast your bread upon the waters, and after many days it will come back buttered.'
With providential and with neighborly care Alcott plodded on. A certain amount of recognition came to him, very comforting when Concord, recognizing at last the worth of his educational ideas, made him su- perintendent of its schools. But he was always ideal- istic and impractical, as his daughter once humorously indicated. He had at length set up in Concord his longed-for School of Philosophy, which in its short life caused a pleasant flutter among the many theo- rists of the day. Miss Alcott, being asked to define a philosopher, said that he was a man up in a balloon, with his family holding to the ropes and trying to haul him back to earth.
Fortunately this very daughter Louisa held the strongest rope. She never hauled him down; but she sent up ample supplies, so that he and his fellow- dreamers could hover above the earth in comfort. Her story is one of real heroism.
LOUISA ALCOTT
Louisa May Alcott was in 1832 born into this fam- ily where everything revolved around the father, and where hardship was cheerfully borne because of the ideals which he taught and lived up to. He was al- most her only teacher; but he wisely encouraged on the one hand the romping which made her strong in
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youth, and on the other the play of fancy by which she came to live. Her attitude toward him was tenderly protective. For need of money she helped out at home and tried domestic service; but from first to last she stuck to her writing. She had some small suc- cess with the magazines. She went to the Civil War as a nurse, caught typhoid pneumonia, and though she survived it, it was at the cost of her health. She said that she had never been ill before, and never well af- terward.
But with inborn courage and persistence, she con- tinued her work. A publisher advised her to teach; but she answered that she would not - she would prove that she could write. Her 'Hospital Sketches' of her Civil War experiences had some success; but 'Moods,' her first novel, was not profitable. Then another publisher asked her to write a girls' book. She answered, 'I'll try.' The result was 'Little Women.'
The success of this book made her reputation and the family fortune. Other books followed, very popu- lar in their day, and still read in ours. Yet they are, almost without exception, juvenile fiction. Only 'Little Women' reaches up to the full stature of a novel. Its portrayal of the humors of the childhood of the Alcott sisters, their difficulties and struggles on reaching maturity, the tragedy of a death, and the romance of three marriages, has pleased and touched generations of readers. No book written in Concord (it was, however, but partly written in the Orchard House) has had such a vogue or such financial success. The Alcott family burden was lifted. The father took it placidly, as he took everything. And Louisa con- tinued writing.
The story of Louisa Alcott is, therefore, one of
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Historic Concord
dogged courage triumphant over difficulties. Not great as a stylist or a thinker, she knew how to reach the heart. Few have more deserved success. It should be better known that she wrote two touching poems: one on Thoreau's death ('Thoreau's Flute') and one to her aged and helpless father. He died on the fourth of March, 1888, she but two days later. Both lie buried in Sleepy Hollow.
The oldest sister, Anna, married and lived in Con- cord. A measure of artistic success and fame came to the youngest, May. She was the first teacher of Daniel Chester French, the sculptor, and in her own right a good painter, though best known for her copies of Turner. She married and lived abroad; but her youthful drawings on the walls of Orchard House are well known to tourists.
THOREAU
Another Concord writer, competing in fame with Emerson, is Henry David Thoreau. His still-growing reputation amounts, with some students, almost to a cult. He was a prophet of individualism, a student of Nature, a writer whose method of life and subject matter set him apart from all others. The comparison of him with Emerson is inevitable: their habits of work were the same, in producing books culled from voluminous journals. Alcott did the like, to be sure; but his books are pale and spineless compared with Emerson's, and even Emerson's lack the vigor of Thoreau. In the latter's essays he touches upon Emer- son's ground, not always to his own advantage. But Thoreau was no imitator, except in his early uncon- scious following of more mature thought. Least of all did he imitate anyone in his particular field of writing or in his way of life.
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Of this last it has been humorously said that it is popularly believed that Thoreau spent half of his life in Concord jail and half in Walden woods. The germ of truth in this is that he spent practically all of his life in Concord. His travels were brief; his longest stay was a year spent in tutoring on Staten Island, from which he was glad to return. But he said of him- self, 'I have travelled a good deal in Concord.' And though his neighbors considered him idle, the reality is a life of steady purpose in developing his own genius. This was as peculiar as that of any American writer, yet resulted in a permanent source of inspiration to many since his day.
Thoreau was born in 1817 in a house on the Virginia Road; he was christened David Henry, a sequence which he later reversed. He went to school in Concord and to college at Harvard, and began life as teacher in the Concord public school. But Deacon Ball objected to the absence of whipping, whereupon Thoreau whipped half a dozen pupils in one afternoon and then resigned as a teacher. He then set up a school with his brother John, to whom he was devoted. But John died suddenly of lockjaw, a terrible blow to Henry. He lived then for a while in the Emerson household, in which at other periods he was a member of the family. Clever with his hands as few others were, he was use- ful about the place, practical helper in all household matters, and companion and friend to the children.
In 1845, following a plan which he had long had in his mind, Thoreau built himself a hut on Emerson's land at Walden Pond, and lived there for a little more than two years. His time he spent wandering in the woods, writing in his journal, and completing the manuscript of his 'Week on the Concord and Merri- mac Rivers,' the half-philosophic journal of a trip
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taken some years earlier with his brother. Finding no publisher, he brought out the work at his own ex- pense, and later had to store at home in the village the unsold copies. He had now a library, he said, of a thousand volumes, over seven hundred of which he had written himself. It was not until 1854 that he brought out 'Walden,' a book arising from his experi- ences at the pond, and on which, to most people, his fame rests. It is a very personal and direct account of his life there, with a semi-narrative quality impossible to Emerson. It is in fact the personal quality of his work that gives Thoreau's writings their force and in- terest, while Emerson's personality lies hidden.
There is, however, one more quality to the book (and to the best of Thoreau's writings) which gives it its timelessness. That is its social gospel - the need of each soul to depend upon itself, and to break free of the shackles of human conventions and ancient in- stitutions. This scorn of what others accepted is more prominent still in his 'Plea for Captain John Brown,' and his 'Civil Disobedience,' the latter said to have been in great part the inspiration of Gandhi.
Besides these two books and a few essays and speeches, Thoreau printed nothing in his lifetime. Much was published after his death, however, includ- ing his many journals. Necessary to his life at home, after Walden, were his wide wanderings in the town and in fact in the region. If he wanted to go any- where he would strike across country afoot. His costume was unconventional, his manners abrupt; to strangers he was crusty, and even to his friends he was, as Emerson said, 'with difficulty, sweet.' Yet he had a few close friends, the poet Channing, Emerson himself, Alcott, and others less known. In his own fashion he let people see how little he cared for their
Thoreau's Cairn at Walden
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ways. In protest against the Mexican War he refused to pay his poll tax, and therefore was put in jail. But the stay was for a single night, as his aunt paid the tax, and he was set free.
Thoreau never married. His youthful love affair with Ellen Sewall (who refused both brothers) was short and on his part transcendentally lofty. She can- not have understood him, and he was not easy to un- derstand. Disappointed though he may have been, he had no self-pity. And viewed at this distance, a married Thoreau seems impossible. If for a time the dream seemed to lure him from his course, the vision faded. The experience threw him still further back into himself, and he went his strange way, free of all such ties.
Thoreau was mistaken in his claim that he was in- dependent of society, that he lived on the few beans that he raised at Walden, or on the few dollars that later he chose to earn yearly. He squatted on Emer- son's land; before and afterward he lived with his parents and sisters. Money for his personal needs he earned by lecturing (at which he never was a success), by surveying or by carpentering, or in his father's pencil factory. It is not true that when he had learned to make a perfect pencil he gave up making more; the truth was that his improved method of making graphite was more profitable and drove the other busi- ness out. Nevertheless, while Thoreau was more de- pendent on society at large than he cared to ac- knowledge, in all his ways he was aloof. He simplified his life. In Concord affairs he took no part except when he lectured at the Lyceum, or when in his indignation at the fate of John Brown he called the town together to listen to his 'Plea.' A timorous friend advised him to give up the plan. He replied that there was to be a
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meeting, and that he would speak. His courage, in large ways like this when public opinion was against him, or in the small ways of manners and daily life, was not to be questioned. The force of his example and the power of his words have inspired many to follow him in breaking free from the minor absurdities of custom or the great injustices of a complacent society. And in these ways he is still a force.
Perhaps the intensity with which he lived his life, thought his thoughts, and expressed them in his striking fashion, wore down the oaken strength which Emerson admired. He was reckless of exposure, and a cold gave way to consumption. As he lay dying in his Main Street house, a relative ventured to ask him if he had made his peace with God. The independent, free in religion as in everything else, replied, 'I didn't know that we had ever quarrelled, Aunt.' He died in 1862, and, like the others of whom we have written here, lies on the ridge in Sleepy Hollow.
HAWTHORNE
Nathaniel Hawthorne, more of an outsider than all the rest, more solitary in Concord streets than Thoreau at Walden, is yet more identified with Con- cord than with any other of his various residences. Born in Salem in 1804, he lived in his youth the life of a recluse even in his own home, and emerged only gradually into the outer world. Always a writer, but without marked early success, he spent a year at the idealistic Brook Farm. Then marrying, he brought his bride to Concord in 1842, to live three years in the house which, following the title he gave the book that he wrote there ('Mosses from an Old Manse'), has ever since been called the Old Manse. But the book
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failed to remove the pressure of necessity; for the needs of his family he accepted an appointment at the Salem Customs House, and so in 1845 brought to an end his first Concord period.
In spite of the need of money, however, his life in the Manse was idyllic. Thoroughly happy in his wife, he desired no other human companionship, would sometimes flee when strangers appeared, and once when his wife was away for two days he took pride in speaking to no one, not even the servant. He worked in his garden before the house, and often was seen standing long periods in meditation, leaning upon his hoe. He walked to the village for his mail, shy of all that he met. And he wandered in the fields, or rowed on the river in the boat which he bought of Thoreau, sometimes with Thoreau himself.
For he was ready to receive certain friends who had " secured his approval. Emerson would come, and Channing the poet, and Thoreau, whose silence was like Hawthorne's own. Margaret Fuller was an oc- casional visitor. Also there came friends from other places, such as Franklin Pierce, not yet President. Hawthorne was constant in his affections, though closest of all to his heart was his love for his wife and children.
In 1852 Hawthorne returned again to Concord. His novels ('The Scarlet Letter,' 'The House of the Seven Gables,' and 'The Blithedale Romance') had brought him success. In the 'Romance,' the scene of the searching for the body of the drowned Zenobia was drawn from an incident in Concord itself. More prosperous now, Hawthorne bought Alcott's 'Hill- side,' named it 'Wayside,' and fitted it for his oc- cupancy. Here he collected some of his earlier stories, and wrote 'Tanglewood Tales.' Here also, at the re-
The Old Manse
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quest of Franklin Pierce, then campaigning for the Presidency, he wrote for him a campaign biography.
Although no longer so great a recluse, Hawthorne was still shy. He spent long hours meditating on the ridge behind his house, and when descending, Alcott said, 'if he caught sight of any one in the road he would go under cover like a partridge.' He knew the town so little that when the Emerson children showed him pictures of the Square and the Milldam he asked where they were.
When Pierce was made President he offered Haw- thorne the consulship at Liverpool. After but a year at Concord, therefore, Hawthorne went away again, to stay abroad seven years. He traveled on the Con- tinent, made with his 'Marble Faun' still more suc- cess, and returned in 1860 almost a man of the world. In company he now met people readily; yet he would withdraw himself, to meditate on the problems which burdened him. The charge that he was gloomy, at least in the subjects of his stories, was always denied by his worshiping wife. He was, she said, 'like a stray Seraph, who had experienced in his life no evil, but ... saw and sorrowed over evil.'
If we accept that explanation, his vision and his sor- row overcame him in the last few years of his life. The Civil War oppressed him, some physical cause also may have sapped his strength, and he could do no steady work. In the 'tower' which he built on top of 'Wayside,' where he could be safe from interruption, or in meditating long upon his ridge, he could not bring to a satisfactory end the four separate novels which he tried to write. His mysterious burdens were too great. At length, going away with Pierce for a vacation in New Hampshire, he died in his sleep on the night of the eighteenth-nineteenth of May, 1864.
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His body was brought back to Concord, and he lies buried near his famous friends.
Emerson, the Alcotts, Thoreau, and Hawthorne, are the group on whom the literary fame of Concord will most securely rest. Other well-known writers have lived in Concord for longer or shorter periods, notably Margaret Fuller, George William Curtis, the younger William Ellery Channing (the poet), Frank B. San- born, and Jane Austin, the American historical novel- ist. Here lived also 'Margaret Sidney' (Mrs. Daniel Lothrop), author of the 'Five Little Peppers' stories [page 37]. But these are either less in fame or of a later time. We stop, chronologically, with the death of the Alcotts, and leave to a later or a larger book the many facts and anecdotes about those who, in this or other fields of endeavor, have added to the reputation of Concord.
The Emerson House
ist.
The Milldam in the Horse-and-Buggy Days
READING LIST
HISTORICAL
Most of these are out of print, but are worth seeking in public libraries.
SHATTUCK, LEMUEL, 'History of Concord,' 1835.
EMERSON, RALPH WALDO, 'Bi-Centennial Address.' In
Complete Works, Centennial edition, volume, 'Mis- cellanies.'
FRENCH, ALLEN, 'Old Concord' (Little, Brown and Com- pany), 1915.
FRENCH, ALLEN, 'The Day of Concord and Lexington' (Little, Brown and Company), 1925.
FRENCH, ALLEN, 'General Gage's Informers' (University of Michigan Press), 1932.
MURDOCK, HAROLD, 'The Nineteenth of April, 1775' (Houghton Mifflin Company), 1923.
SWAYNE, JOSEPHINE LATHAM, 'The Story of Concord, Told by Concord Writers' (Meador Publishing Company), 1939.
WALCOTT, CHARLES H., 'Concord in the Colonial Period' (Estes and Lauriat), 1884.
Professor TOWNSEND SCUDDER, of Swarthmore College, has in hand a projected History of Concord.
LITERARY
One should read the great writers themselves as well as books about them. As a taste at first hand from each, the following are suggested.
EMERSON. The best complete edition is the Centenary (Houghton Mifflin Company), twelve volumes, with ten from the Journals. Read at least 'Nature' (not the essay but the complete book); the first and second series of 'Essays,' 'Conduct of Life,' 'Representative Men.' In the poems read (and study) at least 'Good-Bye,' 'Each
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and All,' 'The Problem,' 'Hamatreya,' 'The Rhodora,' 'Woodnotes,' 'Musketaquid,' 'Concord Hymn,' 'Brahma.'
There are, however, shorter editions of Emerson, con- siderably reduced. The 'Libraries,' such as Everyman's, the World's Classics, and the American Writers' Series, have excellent volumes of selections, sometimes with valuable introductory essays.
Selections from the Journals are collected into 'The Heart of Emerson's Journals,' edited by Bliss Perry (Houghton Mifflin Company), 1926.
THOREAU. The best collected edition is 'The Writings of Henry David Thoreau,' 1906, twenty volumes including the Journals. But as with Emerson (above) there are various collections in the different 'Libraries.' Most of these contain 'Walden' complete. This should be read in any case, with parts of 'Cape Cod' and 'The Maine Woods,' and the essays ' A Plea for Captain John Brown,' 'Civil Disobedience' (sometimes called 'Resistance to Civil Government'), and 'Walking.' The Journals are very long, but are condensed in 'The Heart of Thoreau's Journals,' edited by Odell Shepard, 1927. 'Men of Con- cord,' selected by Francis H. Allen, and finely illustrated by N. C. Wyeth, is excellent, 1936. (All these are pub- lished by Houghton Mifflin Company.)
BRONSON ALCOTT. His original volumes are out of print and are hard reading nowadays. Better is 'The Journals of Bronson Alcott,' edited by Odell Shepard (Little, Brown and Company), 1938.
LOUISA ALCOTT. Her best book is 'Little Women,' in vari- ous editions. Others do not reach up to the same stature; but 'An Old Fashioned Girl' and 'Little Men' are good reading.
HAWTHORNE. His best are perhaps 'The Scarlet Letter,' 'The Marble Faun,' 'The House of the Seven Gables,' and such collections as 'Mosses from an Old Manse,' the preface of which tells of his Concord life. The Jour- nals are best found in 'The Heart of Hawthorne's Jour- nals,' edited by Newton Arvin (Houghton Mifflin Com-
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Reading List
pany), 1929. More complete are the ‘American Note- books' and the 'English Notebooks,' edited by Randall Stewart (Yale University Press), 1933 and 1941.
An excellent collection of excerpts from Concord writers (all about Concord but not, like Mrs. Swayne's book, above, systematically historical) is 'Classic Concord,' edited by Caroline Ticknor (Houghton Mifflin Company), 1926.
BIOGRAPHICAL
'The Flowering of New England,' by Van Wyck Brooks (Dutton), 1936, places the writers in relation to each other and to their time.
'American Renaissance. Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman,' by F. O. Matthiessen (Oxford University Press), 1941, is a much more abstruse study.
EMERSON
Brooks, Van Wyck, 'The Life of Emerson' (Dutton), 1932.
Cabot, James Elliot, 'A Memoir of Ralph Waldo Emerson' (Houghton Mifflin Company), 1887.
Emerson, Edward Waldo, 'Emerson in Concord ' (Hough- ton Mifflin Company), 1889.
There are other biographical and literary studies of Emerson.
THOREAU
Bazalgette, Leon, 'Henry Thoreau, Bachelor of Nature,' translated by Van Wyck Brooks (London, Cape), 1925. Canby, Henry Seidel, 'Thoreau' (Houghton Mifflin Com- pany), 1939.
Channing, William E., 'Thoreau the Poet Naturalist' (Goodspeed), 1902.
Salt, Henry S., 'Life of Henry David Thoreau' (London, Scott), 1906.
Van Doren, Mark, 'Henry David Thoreau' (Houghton Mifflin Company), 1916.
ALCOTT, AMOS BRONSON
Sanborn, F. B., and Harris, W. T., 'A. Bronson Alcott, His Life and Philosophy' (Roberts), 1893.
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Shepard, Odell, 'Pedlar's Progress' (Little, Brown and Company), 1937.
ALCOTT, LOUISA MAY
Bradford, Gamaliel, Essay in 'Portraits of American Women' (Houghton Mifflin Company), 1919. (Con- tains also an essay on Sarah Ripley.)
Cheney, Mrs. E. D. L., 'Louisa May Alcott, Her Life, Letters, and Journals' (Little, Brown and Company), IgII.
HAWTHORNE
Arvin, Newton, 'Hawthorne' (London, Douglas), 1930. Hawthorne, Julian, 'Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Wife' (Houghton Mifflin Company), 1884.
Hawthorne, Julian, 'Hawthorne and His Circle' (Harper and Brothers), 1903.
Lathrop, Rose Hawthorne, 'Memories of Hawthorne' (Houghton Mifflin Company), 1897.
Index
Academy, 2, 25 Academy Lane, 2
Acton minute-men, 17, 63, 65, 66, 68 Adams, Samuel, 29, 50, 51, 57 Alarm company, 47, 66
Alcott, A. B., 4, 20, 25, 26, 32, 38, 42, 73, 77, 81 ff., 86, 92, 98, 100 Alcott family, 20, 22, 26-27, 86, 94, 95 Alcott, Louisa M., 26, 84 ff., 86, 92, 98, 100
Andros, Governor, 3, 46, 72
Antiquarian House, 12, 17, 19, 25, 31, 32 ff., 49 'Apple Slump,' 34 Art Center, 29 Assabet River, 19, 42
Ball, Nehemiah, 19, 87
Barrett, James, 7, 48, 63, 64, 65; farm of, 9, 14, 16, 19, 20, 63-64 Barrett, Thomas, 20, 62 Barrett's Mill, 20
Barrett's Mill Road, 19-20 Battleground, 13 ff.
Bedford Street, 3, 20 ff.
Belknap Street, 2, 27 Bliss, Daniel, 9
Book Shop, 27
Brewster, William, 18
Brister's Hill, 27
British did not fire from hip, 17 British graves, 14
Brook Farm, 77, 9I
Brown, John, 26, 29, 88, 90
Brown, Reuben, 29, 32, 59, 63
Buckman Tavern, 51, 54, 56 Bulkeley, Edward, 45 Bulkeley, Peter, 6, 19, 41, 43, 44 Bull, E. W., 23, 38 Buttrick, John, 7, 18, 45, 59, 64, 65, 66,68 Buttrick house, 18 Buttrick monument, 18 Catholic Church, 6, 20
Channing, William Ellery, 21, 26, 73, 88, 92, 95 Cheney Elms, 25 Christian Science Church, 19 Clarke, Jonas, 50 College Lane, 71 Colonial Inn, 3, 4, 19
Concord Fight, 6, 13-17, 64-68, 72; diorama of, 16-17, 33
Concord Grape, 23, 38, 42 Concord River, 16, 19, 42 Concord, the name of, 44 Curtis, G. W., 18, 73, 95 Davis, Isaac, 17, 66
Dawes, William, 49, 51
Diorama of Concord Fight, 16, 17, 33 'Dovecote,' 27
Egg Rock, 19
Elm Street, 26, 27
Emerson, Mary Moody, 23, 73
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 4, II, 12,
13, 17, 21, 22, 25, 29, 31, 33, 37,
41, 42, 73 ff., 81, 82, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 95, 97, 99 Emerson, grave of, 22
Emerson house, 29
Emerson, William, 7, 10, II, 29, 60, 66, 73 Fairyland, 28
First Parish Church, 29
Freeman, Brister, 28
French, Daniel C., 17, 21, 25, 86
Fruitlands, 77, 81
Fuller, Margaret, 21, 73, 92, 95
Glory Board, 5 Grapevine Cottage, 37-38
Gunflints, 18, 33, 64-65
Hancock, John, 29, 50, 51, 57
Hancock-Clarke House, 50, 57
Harrington, Jonathan, 54, 57
Hartwell Farm, 58
Harvard College, 71 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 4, 10, 12, 13, 21, 22, 25, 35 ff., 41, 42, 70, 73, 77, 78, 91 ff., 98, 100 Hawthorne, Mrs., 13, 21, 22
Heywood house, 3I Hildreth's Corner, 19
Hill Burying Ground, 6 ff.
'Hillside,' 35, 82 Hoar family, 23-24, 25-26
Hoar, John, 23, 34, 45-46
Hoar, Samuel ('Squire'), 23, 25
Hosmer, Abner, 17, 66
Hosmer cottage, 26, 81
Hosmer, Edmund, 19
Hosmer, Joseph, 18, 26, 60, 64, 65
House with the Bullet Hole, 10, 60, 68
Hubbard Street, 27 Indians, 3, 24, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46
IO2
Index
Jack, John, 7-9 Jethro's Tree, 3 Jones, Elisha, 10, 60, 68 Jones, John, 43, 44 King Philip, 45 Lane, Charles, 81 Laurie, Captain, 16, 64, 65, 66
Lexington, I, 13, 47, 50, 51 ff., 70 Lexington, Guide to, 1, 56 ff.
Lexington Road, 3, 29 ff., 59
Liberty Pole, 60
Liberty Street, 18-19
Library, Public, 2, 12, 24, 26
Little, Harry B., 25, 32
'Little Women,' 28, 34, 85
Lothrop, Mrs. Daniel, 22, 25, 37, 95 Lowell Road, 3, 19
Lyceums, 75, 80, 90
Main Street, 2, 24 ff.
Main Street Burying Ground, 25
Manse, The Old, 10 ff., 16, 60, 73, 74, 91, 92
Melvin Memorial, 21, 72
Meriam's Corner, 6, 39, 40, 59, 70
Middle Street, 2
Middlesex Hotel, 6
Mill brook, 43
Milldam, 23, 27, 43, 77, 94
Mill pond, 24, 43
Minute-Man statue, Concord, 16, 17, 53; Lexington, 56
Minute-Men, 47, 50
Monument Hall, 6
Monument Street, 3, 9 ff.
Monument Square, see Square
Moulton, Martha, 62
Munroe Tavern, 56
Munroe, William, 51, 53
'Nature,' 12, 33, 74
Nineteenths of April, 46, 72
North Bridge, 6, 13, 16-17, 33, 4I, 60, 63, 66, 68 Old Manse, see Manse
'Orchard House,' 34, 45, 85, 86
Parker, John, 50, 53, 54, 57
Parker, Jonas, 54
Parsons, Captain, 14, 16, 19, 63, 68, 69
Percy, Lord, 56, 70
Pierce, Franklin, 37, 92, 94
Pitcairn, Major John, 7, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 60, 62, 63 Prescott, Samuel, 51, 59
Provincial-Congress, 29, 47, 50 Public Library, see Library
Punkatasset Hill, 18, 64 Red Bridge, 19
Revere, Paul, 3, 33, 49 ff., 52, 54, 59, 7I Ridge, 7, 41, 42, 44, 59, 94
Ridge path, Sleepy Hollow, 21, 95
Ripley, Ezra, II-12, 71, 73, 74
Ripley, Samuel, 12
Ripley, Sarah, 12
River Street, 26
Rivers, 19, 41, 42 Robinson, Lieut .- Col., 65, 66
'Sage of Concord' (Alcott), 82 Sanborn, Franklin B., 21, 26, 95
School of Philosophy, 35, 84
'Septimius Felton,' 37, 70 Sewall, Ellen, 90 Shattuck, Job, 3, 71
Shepard, Mary, 45
'Sidney, Margaret,' 22, 37, 95 Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, 21 ff., 81, 86, 91,95
Smith, Lieut .- Col. Francis, 7, 52, 55, 60, 63, 68, 70
South Bridge, 26, 63
Square, The (Monument Square), I, 2, 3 ff., 19, 24, 29, 44, 63, 71, 72, 94 Sudbury River, 19, 41, 42 Sutherland, Lieut., 16, 52, 65, 66, 68 Texas, 27
Thoreau, 2, 4, 18, 19, 22, 25, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 40, 73, 78, 86 ff., 92, 94, 98, 99
Thoreau, John, 4
Thoreau, John (the son), 22, 87
Thoreau-Alcott house, 25-26, 91
Thoreau Texas house, 2, 27
Thoreau Street, 2, 27
Townhouse, 6, 20, 42, 62
Transcendentalism, 76, 82
Trinitarian Church, 24, 27 Virginia Road, 40, 87
'Walden,' 28, 87, 88, 90
Walden Pond, 27, 87 Walden Street, 24, 27
War monuments, Concord, 4, 72
War monuments, Lexington, 57
'Wayside,' 35, 82, 92, 94 Webster, Daniel, 25 Wheeler, Thomas, 45
Wheeler, Timothy, 62
White, Deacon, 4, 19 Whitney, Samuel, 35
Willard, Simon, 43, 45
Wright Tavern, 3, 6, 29, 60, 62
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