USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Historic homes and places and genealogical and personal memoirs relating to the families of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Volume II > Part 63
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Mr. and Mrs. Samuel W. French reside at 37 Walnut Place, Newtonville, Massachu- setts.
The Stearns family is of old STEARNS English origin and the name is well known in Notting- ham, Berks, Norfolk, Hertford, Suffolk and Cambridge counties. The name has been variously spelled Sternes, Sterns, Starns, Sterne, in England. Stearns is the form which is used by the American branch of the family. The arms of the Sterns family are; Or, a chevron between three crosses flory sa- ble: crest, a cock starling proper. These were used by family in Watertown, Massa- chusetts. The family has been prominent. Richard Sterne was archbishop of York. There is a family tradition that three broth- ers, Daniel, Isaac and Shubael, came from England to America in 1630 and settled near Watertown; that Daniel died soon afterward. unmarried, and that the other two brought their families with them. Shubael died leav- ing two sons, Charles and Nathaniel, eight or ten years old, who were brought up by their Uncle Isaac. The fact that Charles Stearns was left ten pounds by Isaac, who called him "kinsman," and that Isaac, Charles and Nathaniel named their sons John, Isaac and Samuel would tend to bear out this tradition. It is certain that there were three immigrants of the name, probably brothers; Isaac of Watertown, Charles, "kinsman" (probably nephew) of Isaac, and Nathaniel of Dedham.
(I) Charles Stearns, the immigrant ances- tor of this branch of the Stearns family in America, came to New England, May 6, 1646, and settled in Watertown. He bought, March 15, 1648, of Edward Lamb, of Watertown, a house and eight acres of land and three or four lots; and the same day he bought from John Fisher six acres of upland. He was elect- ed January 6, 1680-81, constable and tax gath- erer of Watertown, but refused to take the oath, and the same year sold his land in Water- town to his son Samuel. Soon after this, he and his son Shubael moved to Lynn End, now Lynnfield, Massachusetts. One Samuel Hos- ier bequeathed to him ten pounds. He mar- ried (first) Hannah , who died June 30, 1650, at Watertown, and was buried July 2, 1650. He married (second), June 22, 1654, Rebecca Gibson, daughter of John and Re- becca Gibson, of Cambridge. She was ad- mitted a member of the Watertown church, February, 1658-59. The births of the first two children were recorded in Cambridge. Children: 1. Samuel, born June 2, 1650, set- tled in Watertown. 2. Shubael, born Sep- tember 20, 1655, went on the Narragansett expedition; grandson had lands in Narra-
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gansett No. 2. (Westminister). 3. John, born January 24, 1657, mentioned below. 4. Isaac born 1658, settled in Salem; his widow Han- nah married in December, 1694, John Chap- man. 5. Charles, Jr., slain in the King's ser- vice before 1695. 6. Rebecca, born 1661, married, January 25, 1693, Thomas Train, of Watertown. 7. Martha, married Hutchinson.
(II) John Stearns, son of Charles Stearns (1), was born January 24, 1657, and died Feb- ruary 22, 1722. He was a housewright and resided in Lexington, Massachusetts, al- though the birth of the first child was re- corded at Watertown. The five eldest chil- dren were baptized at Watertown by the Rev. John Bailey, June 22, 1690, and the next seven by the Rev. Mr. Anger at Weston, of the second church, Watertown. The two youngest children are recorded at Lexington. He married (first) Judith Lawrence, born May 12, 1660, daughter of George and Eliza- beth (Crispe) Lawrence. He married (sec- ond), April 2, 1713, Mary Norcross, born July 10, 1663, daughter of Richard and Mary (Brooks) Norcross, of Watertown. Children: I. Rebecca, born March 21, 1683. 2. Judith. 3. Sarah. 4. George, (twin) born 1688, mar- ried Hannah Sanderson and settled in Wal- tham. 5. Benjamin (twin), mentioned be- low. 6. Captain John, Jr., born 1692, mar- ried, August 10, 1715, Deliverance Bigelow and settled in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1722. 7. Captain Thomas, born 1694, house- wright and inn keeper; resided at Lexington. 8. Daniel, born 1695. 9. Isaac, born 1697, married Mehitable Frost; tailor by trade. IO. Mary. II. Elizabeth. 12. Abigail, born May 12, 1700, in Lexington; married; April 2, 1724, Jonas Harrington, and removed to Weston. 13. Charles, born October 20, 1702, in Lexington; cordwainer, in Boston in 1725. (III) Benjamin Stearns, son of John Stearns (2), was born in 1688. He married, September 6, 1722, Hepsibah Shattuck, wid- ow of Nathaniel Shattuck, who died January 13, 1718, leaving one son, Nathaniel Shat- tuck, Jr. Children: I. Hepzibah, born Sep- tember 1, 1722, died 1723. 2. Benjamin, born 1723, died young. 3. Hepzibah, born March 7, 1725, married Josiah Smith, Esq .; (intention published December 8, 1744). 4. Lucy, born January 24, 1727, married, Febru- ary 28, 1748, James Smith, of Weston, broth- er of her sister's husband. 5. Benjamin, born December 27, 1728, mentioned below.
(IV) Benjamin Stearns, son of Benjamin Stearns (3), was born December 27, 1728, and
died May 26, 1801. He married, September II, 1754, Hannah Segar, of Newton. They were admitted to the church at Lexington, June 2, 1766, and had five children baptized July 13, 1766. His wife died November 25, 1805, aged sixty-nine years. He was a sol- dier in the Revolution and was in camp at White Plains in 1776. Children: I. Asahel, born 1755; baptized June 13, 1766, mentioned below. 2. Habakkuk, born 1757, baptized June 13, 1766. 3. Nahum, born 1759, baptized June 13, 1766. 4. Martha, born 1761, died May 9, 1791. 5. Ishmael, born 1763. 6. Hannah, born May 21, 1764, married, Feb- ruary 7, 1784, John Parker, born February 14, 1761, son of Captain John and Lydia (Moore) Parker. He died May 15, 1823. (See sketch of Parker family.) She was the mother of Rev. Theodore Parker, pastor of Music Hall Church, Boston. 7. Noah, born 1766, baptized September 21, 1766. 8. Hi- ram, baptized October 16, 1768. 9. Jephtha, born 1770, married, November 1, 1798, Sally Fiske. 10. Ammi, born 1772. II. Elisha, baptized April 27, 1777, died April 20, 1845. (V) Asahel Stearns, son of Benjamin Stearns (4), was born in 1755 and baptized June 13, 1766. He married in 1784, Mary Smith and settled in Lexington. He and his wife joined the church September 25, 1785. He served in the Revolution with Captain Parker on the Lexington alarm, April 19, 1775. In 1777 he enlisted for three years and in 1782 was in Captain Peter Clarges' com- pany, Lieutenant Colonel Smith's regiment. He is described as a resident of Waltham and Lexington, five feet, five and one-half inches tall. In 1777 he was in Captain Abijah Child's company, Colonel Thomas Gardener's regiment. Children: I. Nathan, baptized Oc- tober 2, 1785, married Susanna Adams. 2. Moses, baptized August 13, 1786. 3. Amos, baptized July 6, 1788. 4. Joel, born June 20, 1790. 5. Matthew, baptized June 17, 1792, married Abigail Brooks. 6. Rhoda, baptized July 27, 1794, married, October 22, 1818, Charles Gove. 7. Leonard, baptized August 28, 1796, mentioned below. 8. Marshall, bap- tized August 26, 1798, married Elvira Flagg. 9. Luther, baptized September 12, 1800, mar- ried, October 5, 1830, Lydia Varnum. IO. Otis, born November 14, 1802, married Lydia
(VI) Leonard Stearns, son of Asahel Stearns (5), was baptized at Lexington, Mas- sachusetts, August 28, 1796, died at Belmont, Massachusetts, April 8, 1875. He removed to Belmont, then West Cambridge, sometime be-
Leonard Stearns.
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fore 1820, and worked for Charles Wellington at market gardening. He later worked for Daniel Hawkes, driving his market wagon and selling produce. At the time of his marriage in 1820 he leased the Josiah L. Frost farm, where he began market gardening. For six- teen years he carried on this business, selling his produce in the Boston market. He then bought of Jonas Belknap his farm, the present Stearns farm, which adjoined the property of his wife, Hannah Wilson. He also bought five acres of meadow land. He erected a house and continued at market gardening up to with- in a few years of his death. About 1870 he purchased a house on Brighton street of Frank Frost, and occupied it until he died. He had great success growing apples and peaches, and besides raised the early produce, and became a well-to-do man. He was a man rather austere in manner, and very exact and exacting, but was respected for his high principles and strict honesty. In early years he was a Baptist, but later became identified with the Universalist society at Arlington, and was an active worker in the church, being a member of the parish committee. In politics he was a Democrat, but never aspired to office. He was a member of the West Cambridge Light Infantry and of the Fire Department. He married (first), April 6, 1820, Hannah Wilson, born at West Cam- bridge in 1797, died March 27, 1839, daughter of Daniel and Sally (Belcher) Wilson, of Brighton. He married (second) June 20, 1841, Eliza (Russell) Frost, widow of William Frost, and daughter of Walter and Frances (Cutler) Russell, of West Cambridge. Chil- dren of the first wife: I. Hannah, born 1821, died July II, 1843, aged twenty-two years. 2. Oliver, born 1823, died January 25, 1845, aged twenty-one years and five months. 3. Leonard, born November 19, 1826, mentioned below. 4. Mary, born 1829, died November 3, 1844, aged fifteen. 5. Harriet Lavina, born 1833, died December 27, 1844, aged eleven. 6. George Austin, born August 4, 1836; he en- listed September 17, 1862, in Company I, For- ty-fifth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, in the nine months service ; he took part in the engagements at Kinston, Whitehall, Golds- borough and minor skirmishes in North Caro- lina ; he was honorably discharged at Read- ville, Massachusetts, July 7, 1863. Mr. Stearns married ; (first) Ellen Stearns, who died June IO, 1868, aged twenty-three years and twenty- two days, leaving no issue; married (second), November 2, 1872, Caroline Amelia Chase, daughter of Freeman and Adaline (Peirce)
Chase, of Athol, Massachusetts; her father was for many years engaged in the produce commission business in Boston; of this union there is no issue. Mr. Stearns was for many years a member of the Arlington fire depart- ment. 7. Emeline Augusta, born February 8, 1839, died September 19, 1883; married, No- vember 21, 1861, John Henry Hartwell, of Ar- lington, born January 16, 1835, died Novem- ber 24, 1904; children-i. Infant, died young ; ii. George. Henry Hartwell, born August 22, 1864; iii. Adeline Augusta Hartwell, born Oc- tober 29, 1866, married, December 13, 1888, James Wilkins Nickles, of Carlisle, Massachu- setts, and had Cleora Adeline Nickles, born November 16, 1890; Esther Nickles, born March 24, 1893, Howard Wilkins Nickles, born February 26, 1895, died August 21, 1898; Walter Irving Nickles, born September 2, 1899; iv. Charles Tilden Hartwell, born De- cember 18, 1868, married, October 23, 1895, Annie Muzzy Saville, of Lexington, who died October 7, 1905; v. Julia Elmira Hartwell, born January 14, 1871, married, June 12, 1901, William Stearns Brown, Jr., of Cambridge, and had Russell Hartwell Brown, born June 27, 1904.
Child of the second wife : 8. Frances Elmira, died June 10, 1867, aged twenty-five years and five months.
(VII) Leonard Stearns, son of Leonard Stearns (6), was born at West Cambridge, Massachusetts, November 19, 1826. He was brought up on his father's farm, and received a common school education. In 1849 he went to California with the gold seekers, going around the Horn in the ship "Cheshire," Cap- tain Dix, master. The trip took one hundred and eighty-nine days. He landed at San Francisco and went to Marysville and Sacra- mento. After two or three years in the gold fields, he went into the express business, carry- ing goods to the miners. In 1855 he returned to his native town, coming by way of Central America, and entered the commission business, taking the produce of his own and nearby farms to the Boston market. On his return from California he bought his home on Brigh- ton street, near the present school house. In 1870 he purchased of his father the farm where his son, Edward H., now resides, and which his father then occupied. He then en- tered the market gardening business, and later admitted his son Edward H. as a partner, continuing the business until his death, Sep- tember 7, 1900. In religion Mr. Stearns was a Unitarian and later a member of the West
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Medford Methodist church, of which he was also steward. He was a Whig in politics, later a Republican .. In early life he belonged to the Lexington Artillery. He was a member of the West Cambridge fire department. He was a man of large stature, and of genial nature and had a host of friends. He married, November 30, 1862, Abbie Permelia Hoyt, born at Graf- ton, New Hampshire, July 31, 1840, and died at Belmont, Massachusetts, February 5, 1898, daughter of Collins and Sabra (Moore) Hoyt. Her father was a farmer and was born August 6, 1791, at Grafton, New Hampshire, and died June 6, 1879, at Hebron, New Hampshire. Her mother was born July 23, 1799, at Chelmsford, Massachusetts, and died October 5, 1854, at Townsend, Massachusetts. They had one child, Edward Hoyt, born July 25, 1867, mentioned below.
(VIII) Edward Hoyt Stearns, son of Leon- ard Stearns (7), was born at Belmont, Massa- chusetts, July 25, 1867. He received his pre- paratory education in the schools of Belmont, and after attending high school at Belmont for two years, intending to enter Harvard College, he was forced to relinquish his studies owing to impaired health. Under his father's guid- ance he became a successful market gardener, and became associated with him in the busi- ness. At the death of his father, in 1900, the property came to him by inheritance, and he has since successfully conducted the business. He cultivates about nine acres, with a green- house one hundred and twenty-five by forty feet for early growth. He makes a specialty of celery and lettuce and early garden produce. His farm of fourteen acres is situated in Bel- mont, and his house is No. 122 Brighton street. The residence is modern and equipped with all the latest improvements. He attends to the cultivation of the farm himself, and is always among the first to get the early crops to mar- ket. He is a member of the Methodist church at West Medford, and has served as steward. At present he and his family attend the Arling- ton Baptist Church. In politics he is a Repub- lican.
He married, February 5, 1896, Mrs. Mar- garet Ann (Redding) Harris, born January I, 1867, daughter of James Henry and Nancy (Campbell) Redding, of Alberton, Prince Ed- ward Island. Her mother was daughter of John Bawn Campbell. Her father was high sheriff under the Dominion government, and much government business was in his charge, as well as mercantile business for the governor. They have one child, Leonard Parker, born February 16, 1901.
BIRD The Bird family in England is very ancient and widely distri- buted. They are or have been numerous in the counties of Chester, Cum- berland, Derby, Essex, Hereford, Oxford, Shropshire, Warwick, York. The ancestry of the Birds of Penrith, county of Cumberland, is traced to the year 1295. Father William Bird, a Benedictine monk, was a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Divinity at Oxford in 1504. Wood thinks his church was at Bath and that he died there May 22, 1525. His. arms are curiously carved in stone in this old church-a chevron between three spread eagles, on a chief a rose between two loz- enges. There have been many famous men of this surname in every generation in Eng- land since the earliest records.
(I) Thomas Bird, the immigrant ancestor, was born in England about 1613, in the reign of James I. He came to America before 1642, when he joined the church in Dorchester, Massachusetts, after its reorganization under the distinguished Rev. Richard Mather. He was made a bailiff in 1654, and was by occu- pation a tanner. He lived on what is now called Humphreys street. His tanyard was on the ground nearly opposite, a little to the northeast of the residence now or lately owned by Thomas Groom, where not many years ago the old tanyard and pits might have been seen. Jonas Humphreys and his son James were also tanners and near neighbors to Bird, owning and occupying a farm at the southern end of the same street. John Corn- hill and John Glover were also tanners in Dorchester in his day. Mr. Bird died June 8, 1667, aged fifty-four. His will was proved July 17, 1667. The inventory of his estate amounted to about a thousand pounds, a large sum for that period. His widow Ann died August 21, 1673. Children: I. Thomas, born May 4, 1640, mentioned below. 2. John, born March II, 1641, died August 2, 1732. 3. Samuel, born 1644, baptized in April. 4. James, born about 1647, died September I, 1723. 5. Sarah, born 1649, baptized August 12, 1649, died April 24, 1669. 6. Joseph, died September 26, 1665.
(II) Thomas Bird, eldest son of Thomas Bird (1), was born in Dorchester, Massachu- setts, May 4, 1640. Married February 2, 1665, Thankful Atherton, daughter of General Humphrey Atherton. Thomas Bird was made a freeman April 18, 1690; died January 30, 1709-10. Thankful, his wife, was born in 1644 and died April 11, 1719. The inventory of his estate, taken by Daniel Preston, James Fos-
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ter and James Blake, was five hundred and seventy pounds, fourteen shillings, five pence. Among his effects was a negro man servant valued at forty-five pounds; a negro maid ser- vant at thirty pounds, and valuable real estate. The estate was divided by agreement of the heirs dated March 8, 1710-II. Children: I. Joseph, born October 1, 1666, mentioned below. 2. Thankful, born February 6, 1667, married, 1700, Lieutenant Jeremiah Fuller, of Newton, his third wife, and had six children. 3. Sarah, born October 24, 1669, married, April 7, 1709, Jonathan Jones. 4. Anne, born November 8, 1671, married, April 16, 1697, John Clark, of Newton. 5. Thomas, born August II, 1673, took part in the expedition to Canada in 1690 under Captain John With- ington; his nephew, Benjamin Bird, Jr., drew land in Ashburnham as his heir for services in this war. 6. Mary, born January 26, 1674. 7. Submit, born May 13, 1678. 8. Mercy, born February 6, 1679. 9. Patience, born No- vember 19, died December 25, 1681. IO. Patience, born November 27, 1683, died De- cember II, 1757. II. Benjamin, born April 13, 1686, died suddenly March 29, 1757.
(III) Joseph Bird, eldest son of Thomas (2) and Thankful (Atherton) Bird, was born in Dorchester, October 1, 1666. Married (first) Miriam (second) Johanna Leeds, daughter of Joseph Leeds. He died March 9, 17II-12, from the effects of an accident. Blake's Annals describe the accident thus: "This year, March 9th, Joseph Bird died by a wound in his fore-head occasioned by his Gun flying out of ye stock when he fired it at a fowl, being upon ye water in his Canoe." Johanna Bird, widow, and Aaron Bird, hus- bandman, were appointed administrators of his estate, May 12, 1712. Children of Joseph and Miriam Bird: 1. Aaron, born August 28, 1690, died January 1, 1745. 2. Hannah, born August 2, 1692. Children of Joseph and Jo- hanna Bird: 3. Joseph, born May 28, 1698, mentioned below. 4. Comfort, born Febru- ary 3, 1701-02, lived in Boston. 5. Patience, born April 4, 1705, married, June 30, 1726, John Day; she died March 18, 1729-30. 6. Thankful, born December 15, 1710, married, September 16, 1734.
(IV) Joseph Bird, son of Joseph (3) and Johanna (Leeds) Bird, was born in Dorches- ter, May 28, 1698. Married, May I, 1723, Ruth Jones. He died at Dorchester, August I, 1727. His widow Ruth administered the estate. He was a cordwainer. Ruth was ad- mitted to full . communion in the church, January 12, 1727-28. She married (second),
June 10, 1731, Robert Seaver, of Roxbury. Children of Joseph and Ruth Bird: I. Isaac, 2. Jonathan, born August 17, 1726, married, April 7, 1757, Bebe Bird, daughter of Thomas born January 18, 1723-24, mentioned below. and Mary (Clapp) Bird; she died May 8, 1819, aged eighty-four ; had eleven children.
(V) Isaac Bird, son of Joseph (4) and Ruth (Jones), Bird was born in Dorchester, January 18, 1723-24. Married, April 13, 1748, Elizabeth Searl, of a Roxbury family, and they settled in Roxbury. He was brought up in Roxbury in the Seaver family. Children: I. Jonathan, born at Roxbury about 1750, mentioned be- low. 2. Joseph, baptized April 5, 1752. Probably others.
(VI) Jonathan Bird, son of Isaac (5) and Elizabeth (Searl) Bird (record of birth de- stroyed with town records probably), was born about 1750 in Roxbury. He was of Roxbury, March 6, 1773, when he married at Dedham, Anna Kingsbury, of an old Dedham family. He was a soldier in the Revolution, a private in Captain William Draper's company, second Roxbury; Colonel William Heath's regiment, April 19, 1775; also later in 1775 in Captain Moses Whit- ing's company, Colonel John Greaton's regiment. Children: I. Samuel, born July 12, 1775, mentioned below. 2. Daniel, married, in Newton, September 15, 1808, Mary Craft, born at Newton, March 7, 1792; resided at Watertown, Massachusetts, and Temple, New Hampshire; he died May 5, 1857; she died July 23, 1859; had five children : i. Harri- son Crafts, born in Watertown, March 6, 1809, married, November 8, 1843, Helen Martha Curtis, of Boston; she died June 20, 1849, and he married (second), September 18, 1850, Cynthia Ann Heuston; in 1837 removed to Hamilton, Ohio, in 1867, to Ashton, Illi- nois, and in 1875 to Clinton, Iowa; ii. Anna Kingsbury, born January II, 1812, married, April 9, 1834, Eben I .. Proctor, son of Ben- jamin and Susanna (Low) Proctor, of Ips- wich; settled in Walpole, New Hampshire, in 1877; iii. Mary Crafts, born March 5, 1815, married March 10, 1842, Charles Hunnewell, of Charlestown, Massachusetts, and died Sep- tember 28, 1742; iv. Harriet Jane Bird, born April 21, 1820, married, March 10, 1842, El- bridge G. Cutter, son of Solomon and Dolly (Rowell) Cutter, of Temple, New Hampshire; died August, 1873; lived at Temple in 1877; had five children; v. George Frances, born April 9, 1733; he went west and was living with his family at Mexico, Missouri, in 1867.
(VII) Samuel Bird, son of Jonathan (6)
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and Anna (Kingsbury) Bird, was born in Dedham, Massachusetts, July 12, 1775. He married, January 9, 1800, Margaret Craft, born at Newton, Mass., January 24, 1779, daughter of Joseph Craft (5). Lieutenant Joseph Craft, her father, was born in Newton, June 12, 1736; married in Brookline, Massa- chusetts, October 19, 1762, Elizabeth Davis, daughter of Deacon Ebenezer and Sarah (White) Davis; she was born in Brookline, August 30, 1742, and died in Newton, March 13, 1776; he married (second), in Newton, January 23, 1777, Sarah Fuller, born March 26, 1752, died March, 1808, daughter of Jona- than and Eleanor (Hammond) Fuller; he married (third), in 1808, Mary Fiske, widow, of Newton, who died May 9, 1829; he died in Newton, April 21, 1821; was present at the battle of Lexington, lieutenant in command of the company of Newton minute-men at that time; also lieutenant in Colonel Thomas Crafts' regiment in 1776; also in 1778 lieu- tenant in Captain Edward Fuller's company, Colonel Thatcher's regiment, detailed to guard the British troops in 1778; finally in 1780 marched with his company to reinforce the Continental army; he loaned two hundred pounds to the town to help carry on the war; was selectman in 1777; had fifteen children.
Lieutenant Moses Craft, father of Lieuten- ant Joseph Craft (5), was born in Roxbury, September 29, 1703, died in Newton, Decem- ber 3, 1768; married, in Newton, November 15, 1729, Esther Woodward, born November 30, 1704, died February 2, 1787, daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth (Greeley) Woodward; he was a weaver by trade; went to live with his uncle, Deacon John Staples, of Newton, after his father's death; was often in town office; lieutenant of the militia; selectman from 1741 to 1745 in Newton; served at the siege and capture of Louisburg in 1746; left a very large estate for his day.
Samuel Craft (3), father of Moses Craft (4), was born in Roxbury, June 16, 1667, baptized June 23. Married, in Roxbury, December 25, 1693, Elizabeth Sharp, daughter of Lieu- tenant John Sharp, of Brookline; like his father and grandfather he was prominent in public affairs, was surveyor of highways in 1695; constable 1707-08 and 1709; died De- cember 9, 1709; widow married, May 8, 1718, James Shed, of Roxbury.
Lieutenant Samuel Craft (2), father of Sam- uel Craft (3), was born in Roxbury, Decem- ber 12, 1637. Married there October 16, 1661, Elizabeth Seaver, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth (Ballard) Seaver, of Roxbury. He
was admitted freeman May 31, 1671; was lieutenant, selectman, tithing man and con- stable; served on various committees and commissions; inherited the bulk of his fa- ther's estate; was a grantee of Mashomoquet (Pomfret), Connecticut; signed to settle New Roxbury (Woodstock, Connecticut) and had the twenty-eighth lot; estate partitioned January 23, 1696.
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