USA > Massachusetts > Hampden County > Springfield > Historical address delivered before the citizens of Springfield in Massachusetts at the public celebration, May 26, 1911, of the two hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the settlement; with five appendices, viz: Meaning of Indian local names, The cartography of Springfield, Old place names in Springfield, Unrecorded deed of Nippumsuit, Unrecorded deed of Paupsunnuck > Part 3
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ALLOTMENTS. By this word in the records is meant the early grants to individuals which were made without compensation and upon no other con- dition than that the grantee should become or remain a citizen and use the land. For failure of the condition many grants were forfeited. For allot- ments made in view of the possible forfeiture of the colony charter see 2 B 171 and Holland's Western Massachusetts, Vol. 2 p. 155. The latter allotments, hastily made, were ridiculous for their proportionate length and breadth, all of them extending four miles in length from the eastern line of the outward commons to the Wilbraham hills. The allotment to Obadiah Miller (see F 422) was four miles long by eight feet and nine inches wide. The earliest allotments were, of course, those in the "Town Plat," including the Wet meadow and Wood lots to the vicinity of the present Spring street; then small meadows further removed, "spangs of meadow," and "spring-pieces" like those of Pacowsic. I B 171, etc .; King's Handbook of Springfield p. 9; Stebbins' Wilbraham p. 196; also Commons and Scheme Lots.
AMES HILL. The land on both sides of Maple street at the brow of the hill and extending east to Sterns Hill at Central street. It is crowned by the
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mansion built by David Ames, an early manufacturer of paper, about 1825 and still occupied by his descendants. The term was formerly of wider significance and may have included the estate of John Ames, whose former residence, contemporary with the other, stands at the southwest corner of Maple and Pine Streets. The schoolhouse of the Ames school district (Dist. 18 of Map G) stood in the triangle shown on Maps H K. See also Report of the School Committee 1852 p. 16. The view of the valley from the open land opposite the David Ames house suggested to Moses Teggart the poem printed in Poets and Poetry of Springfield p. 153. The Connecticut Valley Historical Society possesses a lithographic view of a portion of the city taken from the edge of this hill, and showing in the foreground the residence of the late Homer Foot, now, somewhat altered, that of Andrew B. Wallace.
AMOSTOWN. WEST SPRINGFIELD. A locality and school district in West Springfield east of the Great Plain and correctly shown on Maps I T V. The name is derived from Amos Taylor who settled there in the mid-eighteenth century. The present writer, when a lad, visited the school about 1860, at which time it contained six children all barefoot and by so much the more, healthy and happy. Reg. of Deeds, bk. 3 p. 868; bk. II p. 345; 2 LG. 374.
ARMORY HILL. That portion of "the Hill," (q. v.) centering about the United States Armory and perhaps almost coextensive with "the Hill" so called. See Federal Hill.
ARISSLITTLE. AGAWAM. Much speculation has been wasted on the meaning of this term which still remains in obscurity. It may perhaps be inferred from C 522 that it was not in use in 1719 but it first appears in the records in 1745-7 (2 I C 246). In the record the name is spelled as above and the ordinary pronunciation makes the a short. There was, however, in the early part of the last century a pronunciation also used making the a long and the pronunciation Acelittle was also used. I find no sufficient ground for a derivation from Robert Harris, a land owner of the eighteenth century. In old English husbandry "arrish" was a stubble field. The locality is well attested by record and tradition as being the highland on the right bank of the Agawam opposite Mittineague, near the present site of the Worthy paper mill. See Bagg's West Springfield p. 127.
ASHKANUNKSUCK. WEST SPRINGFIELD. The spelling of this word is various, but the above is the one given by Elizur Holyoke, although he once or more drops the second k. In C 352 it is Askanunset. The word was applied to the land in the neck formed by the Westfield river between the trap ridge at Tattom and Mittineague Falls. It was not used for land on the right bank of the river. See also Jude's Neck and appendix A. 2 B 215, 280, etc .; A. 238; C 110; E 192; F 238; 3 IC 267, 310, 324, etc.
ASHLEYVILLE. WEST SPRINGFIELD. For the Ashleys see Bagg's West Springfield pp. 114, 137, 140. Map N, etc.
ASHLEY'S BROOK. WEST SPRINGFIELD. Above the north gate of Chicopee Plain and the next brook south of Riley's Brook. Co. Ct. Rec. 241.
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BAILEY'S GROVE. A part of the tract of heavy pine timber on the left bank of Mill river. Map L. See Blake's Woods and Pine Hall.
BALL MOUNTAIN. WILBRAHAM. Map D.
BALL'S BOTTOM. BALL'S SWAMP. WEST SPRINGFIELD. Some 50 acres between the Agawam and the Connecticut lying in the Great Bottom once belonged to the ancient family of Ball. The saying, "As green as a Ball Swamp pumpkin" was in use in the early nineteenth century and probably much earlier. D 34, 128; K 18. Ball Genealogy; Bagg's West Springfield, P. 121.
BARK HALL. BARK HALL MEADOW. BARK HALL HILL. LONG- MEADOW. Bark Hall is on Longmeadow brook 80 rods west from the main village street on Bark Hall road, where was formerly a tannery, but the spell- ing universal in the records shows that the name has not, as supposed by some, any connection with the fact that bark was hauled over the road, 2 B 262, 293; C 102; D 490; E 37; G 215, 219; H 453, 556. See Pine Hall.
BARKER'S BROOK. WEST SPRINGFIELD. The north branch of the brook crossing Riverdale street near the schoolhouse, next north of Darby brook. 2 B 285. Map D. Now called Pepper brook.
BASK. WILBRAHAM. A bathing placed used as a course point on the layout of the "Ridge road", the northern portion of which is now in disuse. The distances indicate the spot to have been about east of Mount Vision, near the headwaters of a tributary of the Scantick.
BASK POND. The true name of this pretty sheet of water in Sixteen acres is perfectly clear but late usage shows corruption. The earliest record is Bask, as may be seen by inspection of the original in the office of the City Clerk in Book 3 of the Inward Commons p. 424; but unfortunately this has been transcribed in the copy in the Registry of Deeds as Bark, 3 I C 286. The next record in the same original book is plainly Bask but in the copy (3 I C 306) is transcribed Bush. The pond is not shown on Map A and Map C has Bark, perhaps from a misreading of Map B. Some maps have Bass supposed to be derived from a former owner but I has Bask. There is no local reason for naming the pond Bark, as in Bark Hall, q. v. but in old English to "bask" is to bathe and the sandy bottom of this pond, where it approaches the highway, makes it better for bathing than the peat bottom ponds in the neighborhood. A "basking place," unidentified, is mentioned in Burt's records. Basking Ridge is in New Jersey. See Basking Place Brook and Stinking Hole Bask.
BASKING PLACE BROOK. AGAWAM. Probably Worthington brook. 2 B 303. See Stinking Hole Bask.
BATTY'S POND. Formerly at the northwest corner of Maple and Central streets. In the early '40's of the nineteenth century, when the original Baptist meeting house stood on Maple street, this pond was used as a bap-
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tistry. The water was held by damming the brook that is still running out of the cemetery. Maps H K L. For Mr. Batty see Morris's Birds of Spring- field p. 13.
BAY PATH. BAY ROAD. BOSTON OLD ROAD. Beginning with the Connecticut at the ford over Mill river for this description, the Bay Path as first travelled by the settlers of 1636, and later, was identical with the Indian trail. The latter crossed Mill river in about the line of the present Pecowsic Avenue, turned into the line of Pine street, thence continued through Oak street and Bay street seeking the watershed between the Mill and Chicopee rivers near Dirty Gutter, after passing over Goose Pond Ilill; was then deflected southerly to avoid the swamp, and, resuming its original direction, after reaching Four Mile Pond, passed Wallamanumps and pro- ceeded up the valley of the Chicopee beyond Manchconis and Minnechoag. Thus the way is marked by the Indian nomenclature. It became dislocated when Walnut street became for a short distance identical with it and tlie northern end of Pine street was therefore renamed Oak street. The early settlers were not slow in making a new village terminus instead of the Indian fort on Long Hill and constructed a cause-way over the Wet Meadow at State street. (See Causey) In or about 1647 there was in existence a way, called the Log Path, running east from Squaw Tree Dingle, along the line of State Street and it was probably well defined then or soon after as far as the Stone Pit (q. v.). This road, when developed and extended across the swamps in the vicinity of the present almshouse, began to be called the New Bay road and later the Boston road; by so much eclipsing the old Bay Path that a portion of the latter is not shown on Maps C G. The word "path" for a highway is used as late as 1775. 1 B 24, 27, 188, 193, 347; B. 132; I 324; Co. Ct. Rec. 46. Wright's Maps; Holland's Bay Path.
BEAR HOLE. WEST SPRINGFIELD. The dark passage of Paucatuck brook in West Springfield through the hemlock woods southeast of Bush's Notch has borne the name of Bear Hole in the eighteenth century and perhaps earlier. In the last decades of the nineteenth century Bear Hole became a resort for suppers and had a dancing platform. The spring of clear pure water was christened "Massasoit, " after the then best hotel in Springfield, and when Springfield's water supply from Ludlow deteriorated, "Massasoit" water was largely sold in Springfield. The last bear known at this place appeared on the Great Plain about 1790, when Seth Smith was there hoe- ing corn. The water power was utilized as early as the eighteenth century and the mill saw mentioned in Bagg's West Springfield pp. 120-121, is in the possession of the writer, by inheritance. Maps A Q 1; Wright's Maps.
BEAR SWAMP. LUDLOW. see Noon's Ludlow p. 50.
BEDORTHA'S BROOK. WEST SPRINGFIELD. Chicopee Field, apparently the brook next above Darby's brook. I C 297, 326; 2 B 224; E 127; K 333.
BEAVER DAM. WILBRAHAM, see Peck's Wilbraham, p. 20.
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BENTON BROOK. See Wan Swamp brook.
BIRCH RUN. WILBRAHAM. On the Monson road about halfway from the top of the mountain to Glendale church. Ex rel. Chauncey E. Peck. See Peck's Wilbraham p. 157.
BIRCH SWAMP. CHICOPEE. Reg. of Deeds bk. 129 p. 514.
BIRCHEN BEND. BIRCHAM BEND. BIRCHAM'S BEND. BIRCH- ARD'S BEND. All forms but the first are miserable corruptions. No person of either name held land in the vicinity; but aside from this, the spelling in the early records is conclusive and the plain on the south is yet sprinkled with white birches, hundreds, and apparently thousands, in number. The bend is the dip of the Chicopee to the south between Indian Orchard and Chicopee Falls, but is of late years obscured by the flooding from the dam of the Bircham Bend Power Company. In the later 70's and early 80's of the nineteenth century a solitary named Richardson lived in a primitive fashion in a hut near the river and north of Birchen Bend brook. In the Homestead of Sept. 29, 1883, are verses signed "A," beginning as follows-
THE HERMIT OF BIRCHAM'S BEND
A sad and lonely life he leads The hermit of Bircham Bend; On blighted hopes his spirit feeds And hungers for no earthly friend. He sits upon the river's bank While friendly birches shield his head; His face is sad, his heart is sore; The sunshine of his life has fled.
2 B 245; C 594; E 250.
BIRCHEN BEND BROOK. Not one of the maps has this brook correctly drawn, as any one will discover who takes the pains to thread his way through brake and swamp to the headwaters of both the branches, which having done, he will realize that there is yet a good stretch of wilderness within the city limits. The easterly branch rises near and north of Berkshire street not far from its crossing with the Boston and Albany Railroad; the other in a swamp between Butler street and the Springfield & Northeastern R. R. a short distance from Poor brook. They meet in the vicinity of Dutch Meadow. The course of the brook through the meadow is noticeable for the plentiful growth of the edible watercress.
BIRCHEN PLAIN, THE. The birchstudded plain on the left bank of the Chicopee at Birchen Bend. 2 I C 180, 204.
BLACK POND. A pond in the Great Bottom, or Agawam meadows, not far north of the Agawam river, being an isolated part of an old bed of the river. It is shown on a large unpublished map of the meadows made by Dur- kee, White and Towne. A 110; A B 179 K 86. Reg. Deeds bk. 403 p. 6.
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APPENDIX C
BLACK POND HILL. An old river terrace near Black Pond. Reg. Deeds bk. 403 p. 6.
BLAKE'S HILL. That part of the Great Hill lying on both sides of Bel- mont avenue, formerly Blake street. The name unfortunately, was changed at the instance of a few, who were interested in the development of the street, led by the owner of No. 76 which then commanded a view of Mts. Tom and Holyoke. King's Handbook p. 68.
BLAKE'S WOODS. A tract of land heavily timbered with white pine which extended from the valley of Mill river between Belmont avenue and Dickin- son street to and beyond the brow of the hill. It was one of those places that served for summer picnics before the days of Forest Park. A sketch by . R. M. Shurtleff of the hut of a solitary who had his abode there belongs to the Conn. Valley Hist. Society and shows the hermit and Judge William S. Shurtleff. The woods were cut about 1890 and their loss called forth expres- sions of regret in prose and verse.
"High on the hill we long have stood, Row upon row a stately wood, Graceful, erect, with feathery crests Where birds of the forest built their nests: But lo! around, on the rooty ground, These stumps and branches lie, Where half of our number have met their death: Still fragrant lingers their parting breath, Their requiem we sigh. A crow amid the branches high, Against the pearly sky, Shrieks, "Lo! Lo! oh! oh!"
ANNA B. WILLIAMS.
BLISS POND. Near Maple street and used in connection with Bliss's tannery below. Maps H I K.
BLISS HOLLOW. It marked the course of a brook now covered, flowing from the northeast part of the Armory grounds through 62 Pearl street and entering the Garden brook sewer at 72 Worthington street. See Kibbe's Hollow.
BLISS SPRING. BLISS'S SPRING. At Sixteen Acres N. by W. of the crossroads. It is spring of clear cold water emerging in considerable volume from beneath an elm tree and making the head of a brook flowing into the North Branch. Map A. 2 B 286, 290. Obsolete.
BLOCK BROOK. West Springfield. Maps D R etc. but misplaced in I. Another in Agawam, the northwesterly brook of the town. B 58. See Log bridge.
BLOCK BRIDGE. This is a bridge made of logs which would generally be roughly hewn, and is distinguished from the more lightly constructed pole
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bridge. The bridge over Block brook on the highway between Springfield and Westfield east of Tattom Hill had this distinctive name. The spot had so late as 1889, a certain natural beauty and in that year was tenanted by a pair of mocking birds; but the street railway construction has made a radical change in the locality. See Log bridge. On Block brook lived the widow of Peter Swink, the first negro in Springfield. E 390. His early grant was here and presumably here he built his house. 1 B 313, 321, 343, 370; 2 B 173, 297. For early bridges see Earle's Stagecoach and Tavern Days, PP. 356, 366.
BOAT SWAMP. BOAT SWAMP BROOK. HAMPDEN AND EAST LONG- MEADOW. This name is lost to the present generation but was once in com- mon use as applied to a tributary of the Scantic crossing the Somers road at Baptist Village. 2 IC 219, 266, 3 LG 353.
BOGGY MEADOW. AGAWAM. On a tributary of Three Mile Brook. C 561; D 82, 582.
BOTTOM. See Great Bottom: Cold Spring Bottom.
BRADLEY'S MOUNTAIN. In WEST SPRINGFIELD northeast of Bush's Notch between Ashley's Pond and the Notch road. Ezra Bradley, "Squire Bradley", was a New York lawyer of literary taste who removed to West Springfield about the beginning of the nineteenth century and resided at the four corners near this elevation. A great grandson is living, the son of Elisha Bartholemew, Esq. Maps D I Q.
BREWER'S HILL. The second terrace extending from State Street to the foot of Ames Hill. 2 LG 467. See Little Hill.
BRICK CITY. WEST SPRINGFIELD. See Piper.
BRICK KILN. 2 B 236, 242, 245.
BRUSH HILL. WEST SPRINGFIELD. 2 B 318; E 23, 24; G 323; H 190 Maps D S I.
BUCK HILL. BUCK HILL SWAMP. The Hill is in Suffield near the Agawam line. Buck Hill Swamp occurs in a land grant of 1712. 2 B 311, 320. Maps N R. See also Noon's Ludlow p. 44.
BURT'S COVE. Appears in Map M (1870) but the opening into the Con- necticut having been silted up, the cove is now extinct. It was the remains of an old channel of the Agawam by which it debouched into the Connecti- cut. From the South End Bridge the old channel can be readily traced across the larger island by the line of trees that break the meadow. In the mid- nineteenth century and before, Burt's Cove was a place for'clambakes and fish fries.
BURT'S FERRY. A ferry from Longmeadow and Agawam. Co. Ct. Rec. p. 187.
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BURT'S MILLS. A hamlet of South Wilbraham, now Hampden, centering around a water power; birth place of Ezekiel Russell, D.D. a sound theologian and scholar. The mill has disappeared and the name is obsolete. Map L.
BURYING GROUND. In AGAWAM. 2 IC 14; Now dilapidated to the last degree. SPRINGFIELD; see Cemetery.
BURYING GROUND. CHICOPEE. N 430.
BUSH POND. Error for Bask Pond (q. v.). 3 IC 263.
BUSH'S NOTCH. WEST SPRINGFIELD. The pass through the range of trap that divides West Springfield from Westfield above Bear Hole. Geo- logically it is a fault. Co. Ct. Rec. (1764) 100; 2 LG 370. Emerson's Geology of Old Hampshire. Maps I O.
BYFIELD. WEST SPRINGFIELD. The word probably means in this con- nection a field along side or off the highway. The locality is between Cold Spring Bottom and upper Elm Street in the pondy meadows between the river and the 200 ft. level and is spoken of as equivalent to the Muxy meadow. Probably it lay to the north of the present common and is almost, if not quite, identical with Ramapogue. B 124.
CABOTVILLE. In the mid-nineteenth century the factory village of Chicopee Falls was so called because of the capital of the Cabot family of Boston invested in the mills. See Barber's Hist. Collections of Mass. p. 296, where may be found an engraving of Cabotville.
CARD FACTORY POND. An artificial pond once situate on the present side of the High School of Commerce in the upper part of Skunk's Misery. The springs are at Woodworth Avenue and the brook, now inclosed for its whole length, passes through the property of No. 25 School street, in front of the Central High School and thence to the State street sewer opposite the school. It formerly reached the Town brook via Stockbridge street. On September 10, 1886, Albert H. Wheeler, aged 9 years, was drowned from a raft made of two logs and a barn door, on the pond. The first words of his companion, James Connor, upon being restored to consciousness were, "There is another boy in there"; a beautiful example of youthful altruism. The last words of Albert Wheeler were a "good by" to his would be rescuers. Map H. Hist. of Springfield for the Young p. 5.
CASTALIAN BROOK. WILBRAHAM and MONSON. I find this brook name only once, in the perambulation of the Wilbraham-Monson bounds in 1735 where it is spoken of as "a small brook called Castallian brook" and is the only example of a classic place-name. The stream enters Twelve Mile brook about half a mile south of the state road from Springfield to Boston and its source is in the swampy land less than a mile west of Bald Peak. On the west- ern flank of the mountain is a copious spring of very clear cold water which must eventually find its way by an underground channel, perhaps formerly by a channel above ground, to the headwaters of the brook. The lofty isolation
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APPENDIX C
of Bald Peak may have suggested the name of Mount Parnassus and the spring, having been compared with the spring of that name on the Grecian Parnassus, the brook thence derived a name, which being now lost to tradi- tion, has left the brook now nameless. In the record the spelling erroneously doubles the letter 1. 1 B 503. Map R.
CATAMOUNT HOLLOW. CHICOPEE. At Willimansit. 2 LG 409.
CAUSEWAY. CAUSEY. The upper, middle and lower causeways were at Carew, State and Mill Streets respectively and, being built of embedded logs, made practicable the crossing of the Wet meadow. I B 247, 300, 350, 404; 2 B 112, 125, 189, 194, 196. King's Handbook of Springfield p. 65. For a causeway in Agawam see C 459. For the survival of the old form "Causey" see Green's Groton, vol. I p. 74.
CAUSEWAY SWAMP. 2 I C 265. See also the will of Dea. Nathaniel Warriner, where the spelling is "Cosey".
CEMETERY. The original Burying ground and Training Field lay on the river bank, at the foot of a lane, now Elm Street, opened for access to them. Originally the burying ground was all on the south side of the lane. Later the Training Field on the north gave way to the burying ground. 2 LG 401. When the tract on the river was required for the railroad the remains and stones in the burying ground were removed to the new cemetery and are mostly ranged along Pine Street. The Pynchon interments, however, were at the head of the second glen from the Pine Street gate. For a caustic allusion to the supposed desecration of removal see "The Great Temple's Dedication," an old broadside belonging to the Conn. Valley Hist. Society and reprinted in the Republican of March 30, 1913. Map G. The original burying ground was sometimes let to pasture. 2 B 350, 370. For the way to the Burying ground. Elm St, see 2 B 518. The circumstances attending the burying ground removal. See N. E. Hist. and Gen. Register. See also Thompson's Dingle.
CHARLES'S POND. Holyoke. In the Falls Woods, 3 I C 275.
CHICOPEE. See Appendix A for its meaning. For an Indian deed of land and for weirs in the river see the deed of Nippumsuit and others to William Pynchon, and facsimile in the Springfield Library. For mention of weir rights in 1668 see 2 B 190. The early settlements were known as Upper Chicopee (Chicopee Street); Lower Chicopee, at the mouth of the river; Scanunganuck (Chicopee Falls) and Skipmaug. 2 B 240, 399, 436, 462, 471, 5II; B 299, 383; D 351, 469; Holland's West. Mass; Autobiography of Hiram Munger p. 24. For an old engraving of a part of Chicopee see Bar- ber's Hist. Collections Mass. p. 295.
CHICOPEE. WEST CHICOPEE. A hamlet and school district in West Springfield on the present Riverdale street and opposite the settlement of Lower Chicopee on the east side of the Connecticut. Its center may be said to have been at the Miles Morgan place south east of Crow Hill and in the
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APPENDIX C
early nineteenth century the school district extended north as far as the pres- ent McElwain farm and south to "the White Church", on the hill. At the north lay Ashleyville. For a feoffment of lands by livery of seisin in which a twig instead of turf was used for the symbol and Rev. Pelatiah Glover was feoffee, see 2 B 210. See for Chicopee in West Springfield I B 223, 226; D 577; E 124, 127. Maps D I.
CHICOPEE BROOK. Same as Crowfoot brook. 2 B 319.
CHICOPEE FACTORY. This term was used in the first half of the nine- teenth century for the locality in Chicopee Falls lying near the bridge over the Chicopee River. Thence the name of Factory street in Springfield which was renamed Saint James Avenue after the McKnight development began (see McKnight District). The original name of the street was Skipmuck road. See Holland's West. Mass. vol. 2 p, 44. Maps C D G. See Skipmuck Old Path.
CHICOPEE FIELD. CHICOPEE PLAIN. WEST SPRINGFIELD. After the bottom lands on the east side of the Connecticut river and the fields on the west side opposite the home lots had been appropriated, attention naturally turned to the fertile plain lying opposite Plainfield on the west side. Like the Great Bottom this was inclosed by a fence with north and south gates and the land parcelled out in free grants to the inhabitants, one parcel being reserved for the use of the ministry, as in other localities. Chicopee Plain properly so called extended northward from the brook now flowing past the schoolhouse (the next brook north of Darby brook,) unto Riley's brook. The somewhat higher level extending south to Darby's brook was spoken of as another plain, 1 B 215, 219, 236, 293, 294, 385 etc. A 17, 174; AB 48 Map H. Later the plain on which is located "Chicopee Street" was spoken of as Chicopee Field. A 17, 174. See Palmer's "Chicopee Street".
CHICOPEE LANDING. The landing place for rivercraft at "Chicopee St." at one time called Alvord's Wharf. A store was here. Co. Ct. Rec. 103. Maps A B C.
CLAY HILL. Upper Carew Street. T 344. For Mayo's brickyard see Map W. pl. 16.
CLAY HILL. WEST SPRINGFIELD. Later called Tubbs' Hill. Here Jere Stebbins had a pottery before the Revolution or about that time. A saucer of mottled green made in this pottery I have placed in the museum of the City Library; as also a tiling, the mate of those which form an ornamental band around the upper story of the brick house No. 181 Park Avenue West Springfield, now owned by Josephine B. Phelon. The tiles were the product of this pottery. E 388,H 325; 2 LG 452. Bagg's West Springfield p. 138. Another in Chicopee, 2 I C 28.
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