History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts : containing carefully prepared histories of every city and town in the county, Vol. II, Part 28

Author: Drake, Samuel Adams, 1833-1905
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Boston : Estes and Lauriat
Number of Pages: 650


USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts : containing carefully prepared histories of every city and town in the county, Vol. II > Part 28


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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The son inherited a grand estate, and lived in the house still known by his name,1 in a style pro- portionate to his wealth and standing. He was a representative from Charlestown from 1743 to 1752, was chosen a councillor in 1752, and afterwards annually until 1774, when he was one of the Man- damus Councillors. He was probably not a man of strong nerve or decided opinions; certainly a lover of the province in which he lived and had been honored. Timidity seems to have caused him to fly to Halifax and thence to England when hostilities commenced here. He always claimed that he left intending only to go to Antigua for his health. His property was, however, seques- trated, and he never returned, dying in London in 1781. He left three daughters, married respec- tively to Thomas Savel, Sir William Pepperell, the younger, and George Erving, and through them has many descendants now in England. By his will he gave the town one hundred acres of land in Granby in aid of the schools. He also gave to Harvard College 2,000 acres in Granby and Royalston, which gift was to endow a pro- fessorship of law, physic, or anatomy, as might be deemed best. In 1815 the Royall Professorship of Law was accordingly established.


1 Brooks says (History, p. 178) that the house was built by Isaac, Jr., and was an enlargement of the old house built by John Usher.


The Royall property in Medford was kept to- gether, and it seems that in 1805 the legislature gave a deed of the land to Robert Fletcher of Lon- don, and that the heirs sold their rights to him in 1806 for £16,000. Jacob Tidd, in 1810, bought the estate.


In the first half of the last century Medford had reason to be proud of the three sons of Peter Sec- comb. These were Rev. John of Harvard, Massa- chusetts, afterwards of Nova Scotia, whose clerical position did not prevent him from giving utterance to certain humorous compositions which make a pleasing contrast to the bulk of our early litera- ture. The best-known of these is a poem entitled Father Abbey's Will, often reprinted. Another son was Rev. Joseph Seccomb of Kingston, New Hampshire, and the third was the faithful and dili- gent town-clerk of Medford for many years, Thomas Seccomb.


Prior to the Revolution the following graduates are to be credited to Medford : Thomas, John, Simon, Joshua, Simon, Cotton, Simon, and Cotton Tufts, Aaron Porter, Ebenezer Turell, Ammi C. Cutter, William Whitmore, Samuel and Edward Brooks, William Symmes, Samuel Angier, David Osgood, John Bishop, and Ephraim Hall. Since that date the list has greatly increased, and still grows.


The most distinguished citizen born in the town was John Brooks, governor of Massachusetts for seven years from 1816 to 1823. He was born in Medford in 1752, his family being one of the most numerous and prosperous of the original settlers there. He was placed in charge of Dr. Simon Tufts, a noted physician of the town, with whom he studied medicine until he was twenty-one. He then settled in Reading, where he married, but abandoned his home at the beginning of the Revo- lutionary War. He was in the fight following the battle of Lexington, and joined the army besieging Boston. He served throughout the war with great credit, arriving at the rank of colonel. Later he received the position of major-general in the state militia. Returning to Medford when peace was declared, he attained a prominent place as a phy- sician, whilst political honors were also freely bestowed upon him. The inscription upon his monument sums up his character. " He was a kind and skilful physician ; a brave and prudent officer ; a wise, firm and impartial magistrate ; a true patriot, a good citizen and a faithful friend. In his manners, he was a gentleman ; in morals,


168


HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY.


pure; and in profession and practice, a consistent Christian. He departed this life in peace, on the 1st of March, 1825, aged seventy-three." His son John, a lieutenant of marines, was killed Septem- ber 13, 1813, at Perry's victory on Lake Erie.


Other branches of the Brooks family have pro- duced notable men. Samuel Brooks (cousin to Caleb Brooks, father of governor John) had sons, Thomas and Edward. The grandson of the former was Rev. Charles Brooks, who was born and died at Medford, a writer on many subjects, and espe- cially noteworthy as the historian of his native town. Edward Brooks had a son, Peter Chardon Brooks, who acquired a large fortune in commerce at Bos- ton, but who retained always a home in Medford. His descendants have continued to reside there, and have been generous benefactors to the town. A nephew, William G. Brooks, was an antiquary of some note, and was the father of four clergymen, one of them being Rev. Phillips Brooks of Trinity Church, Boston.


Maria (Gowen) Brooks,1 called by Southey " the most impassioned and most imaginative of poet- esses," was born in Medford in 1797. At fourteen she married Mr. Brooks, a wealthy Boston mer- chant, who had interested himself in her education. Widowed in 1823, she went to Cuba, which sub- sequently became her home, and where she died about 1845.


Her most important work, Zóphiël; or, The Bride of Seven, was published in 1825, in Boston, subse- quently in London, and has recently been repnb- lished in this country. Southey, between whom and this gifted authoress a close friendship sub- sisted, gave her the name of Maria del Occidente. Her son, Colonel Horace Brooks, U. S. A., entered West Point through the interest of Lafayette.


Rev. David Osgood, the successor of Mr. Turell, was an author of some note ; Brooks gives the titles of some twenty pamphlets published by him.


Rev. Convers Francis and his sister, Mrs. Lydia Maria Child, are both to be reckoned among our native authors, although the former happened to be born in a neighboring town. Their father was a Medford man, and the family had been here for several generations. Mrs. Child was born at Med- ford in 1802. Her literary career began before she was twenty, Hobomok being published in 1821, and The Rebels in 1822. The catalogue of her printed works is too lengthy for our spaee, not to men-


1 Notices of Mrs. Brooks, Mrs. Child, and Mrs. Rowson are by the Editor.


tion contributions to newspapers, controversial es- says, etc., which her busy pen has produced. It is sufficient to say that she achieved success in fiction, biography, æsthetic literature, and what may be termed the literature of the kitchen ; her Frugal Housewife having had a prodigious sale. But the governing purpose to which much - we may say most - of Mrs. Child's literary life has been dedi- cated was the abolition of slavery, and in this cause her labors were unremitted nntil the day when eman- eipation became a fact assured by the logic of events. Her Appeal for Africans, printed in 1833, was the first American antislavery book. From that time this dominant motive may be traced in the long list of Mrs. Child's publications. In 1841, in conjunc- tion with her husband, David Lee Child, of Boston, whom she married in 1828, she edited The Anti- slavery Standard, in New York. It should be no small gratification to one who is now " looking towards sunset," to know that emancipation achieved was the legitimate result of persistent agitation and unwavering devotion to a eause by herself and others of a like life-purpose with herself. Mrs. Child now resides in Wayland.


Mrs. Susanna Rowson, author of the once cele- brated novel, Charlotte Temple, resided here from 1800 to 1803, in a house afterwards occupied by the Hon. Timothy Bigelow.1 Here she kept her excellent school for young ladies, and here some of her books were written. Such was the purity of her character, that though she had been an actress and was a novel-writer, rigid Orthodox people, who abhorred both, intrusted their daughters' education to her. Her life has been written by the Rev. Elias Nason, a former resident of Medford.


We may also recall the fact that Rev. Jolin Pier- pont, also an antislavery and temperance reformer, and a voluminous author, preached for seven years in Medford, and died here in 1866.


Several of the clergymen who have been settled here for a time have been eminent as authors, but none perhaps are distinctively connected with our town. Rev. Edward B. Hall, who was born here, spent nearly all his life in Providence, and most of his writings are connected with his pastorate there.


Military Affairs .- Of course Medford had to bear its share in providing soldiers from its first


1 Son of Colonel Timothy Bigelow, of Worcester, and a lawyer of some note. He was born in 1767, and died in 1821. Mr. Bigelow served many terms in the Massachusetts legislature. His son, John P. Bigclow, was mayor of Boston ; his daughter, Katherine, married Hon. Abbott Lawrence. - ED.


169


MEDFORD.


settlement. Every settler was of necessity a soldier encamped in a hostile country. Every generation had a war, and the martial spirit of New England has never flagged. As a little town, the Medford contingent was naturally joined to the troop of some neighbor. In 1658 the Medford men were allowed to join the Cambridge band instead of the Charlestown troop. It is greatly to be regretted that no one has made use of the abundant records remaining, to prepare a suitable account of the mili- tary organizations of colonial times.


As a matter of curiosity wc insert a copy of a petition from the wife of a worthy citizen, who sur- vived the perils of war to be for many years the deacon of the church at Medford and the ancestor of a quite numerous family. The writer was a niece of Rev. John Eliot, and may have hoped to obtain special favor through her influential relative.


" Petition of Rachel Whitmore.


" To the Hon. Simon Bradstreet, Esq., Governor, and the rest of the Honored Magistrates now sitting in Boston, The humble petition of Rachell Whitmore, wife of John Whitmore.


" Whereas, your Petitioner's husband was im- pressed into the Countryes service against the Indian Enemy, and is now with Major Swayne at Newechawanick, and your Petitioner and her two children are very weake and ill, and unable to help ourselves and do any thing for our Relief and the rest of the family, as severall of the neighbors can and have informed your Honors. Doth therefore humbly request the favour from your Honors that" her husband John Whitmore may be dismissed the present service, and that your Honors would please to pass your Order for the same, that he may re- turn to his sick family, and your Petitioner shall, as in duty bound, ever pray, &c.


[OCT. 1689.] " RACHEL WHITMORE."


We find Medford names in such lists of soldiers in the French and Indian wars as have been ex- amined, but we cannot positively identify them.


There was a company of militia in Medford be- fore the Revolution ; and, when troublesome times came, they were ready for duty. It was the eighth company in the first regiment of the first brigade of the third division. Seth Bullard was captain ; William Burbeck, first lieutenant; and Ezekiel Plympton, second lieutenant. It belonged to Colo- nel Thomas Gardner's regiment. In 1775 it was commanded by Captain Isaac Hall. " This com- pany came out," says the adjutant-general, " on i


the 19th of April, 1775, and were in service five days, and were undoubtedly in the battles of Lex- ington and Concord." The names of the men com- posing the company on that memorable occasion are all recorded on the muster-roll ; and they were all Medford men, as follows : -


Isaac Hall, captain ; Caleb Brooks, lieutenant ; Stephen Hall, ensign ; Thomas Pritchard, Isaac Tufts, and Moses Hall, sergeants ; John Tufts, Gershom Teel, and Jonatban Greenleaf, corporals ; Timothy Hall, drummer ; William Farning, fifer. Privates as follows : David Vinton, John Buck- nam, Isaac Watson, Jonathan Lawrence, Jonathan Davis, Abel Richardson, James Tufts, Jr., Sam- uel Tufts, 3d, Andrew Floyd, Benjamin Floyd, An- drew Blanchard, Samuel Tufts, John Francis, Jr., Panl Dexter, John Smith, Abel Butterfield, Josialı Cutter, John Kemp, Eleazer Putnam, James Buck- nam, Jr., Aaron Crowell, Jonathan Tufts, Benja- min Peirce, Thomas Wakefield, Jonathan Teel, Aaron Blanchard, Richard Cole, William Binford, Thomas Bradshaw, Daniel Tufts, Peter Tufts, Jr., Ebenezer Tufts, Isaac Cooch, Daniel Conery, Rich- ard Paine, William Polly, Peter Conery, David Hadley, Jacob Bedin, Joseph Clefton, Samuel Hadley, Jr., Moses Hadley, John Callender, John Clarke, Andrew Bradshaw, Thomas Savels, Francis Hall, and Benjamin Savils.


Each man received pay for five days' service, except William Polly, who was killed in battle.


In the company commanded first by Captain Isaac Hall and then by Caleb Brooks were six other Medford men : Benjamin Floyd, James Wyman, Jonah Cutler, John Smith, William Buck- nam, and Jonas Bond. They served eight months in 1775-76.


In the War of 1812 eighteen Medford men en- listed, three of whom were killed, including a son of Governor Brooks.


After the Revolution there was a company of militia in the town, which was disbanded in 1840. The Medford Light Infantry was organized as an independent corps in 1785, and resigned its charter in 1828. The Brooks Phalanx lasted from 1841 to 1849. The Lawrence Light Guard was formed in 1854, and a large number of its members en- listed in the national forces in 1862.


A Soldiers' Monument was dedicated Septem- ber 6, 1866, to the memory of those who fell in the war, and it bears the following names : Lieutenant-Colonel J. G. Chambers, Lieutenant William H. Burbank, Edward Gustine, L. M.


170


HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY.


Fletcher, Frank A. Keen, E. Sprague, D. T. New- comb, D. Nolan, A. H. Stacy, D. McGillicuddy, S. Harding, J. Stetson, J. M. Powers, C. W. Wil- lis, F. Curtin, James Haley.


Volunteers of Company C, 39th regiment, as follows : J. P. Hubbell, James Bierne, A. Joyce, Patrick Gleason, Augustus Tufts, R. Livingston, F. J. Curtis, B. J. Ellis, H. G. Currell, E. Ireland, William H. Rogers, William Harding, H. R. Hath- eway, H. Mills, G. H. Lewis, J. M. Garrett, D. S. Cheney, R. W. Cheslyn, M. O'Connell, Sergeant S. N. Stearns, Sergeant J. T. Morrison, J. M. Fletcher, E. B. Hatch, R. C. Hathaway, G. H. Champlin ; Privates, C. H. Coolidge, S. W. Joyce.


ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.


IN 1699 the town engaged the Rev. Benjamin Woodbridge of Portsmouth as their minister. Be- fore that time Rev. Benjamin Cohnan and Rev. Jolin Hancock had preached for a few months ; and probably the college at Cambridge had sent occasional assistance. Mr. Woodbridge did not satisfy his parishioners, and a quarrel of several years' continuance ensued. He died in 1710, but not until 1713 was his successor, Rev. Aaron Porter, ordained. He served till his death in 1722 ; and November 25, 1724, Rev. Ebenezer Turell was ordained. For fifty years Mr. Turell discharged his duties acceptably, receiving a col- league in 1774, and dying December 5, 1778, aged seventy-six years.


The third minister was Rev. David Osgood, chosen in 1774, who officiated for forty-eight years, and died December 12, 1822. During his min- istry the majority of his flock had embraced Uni- tarian views ; at his death they chose Rev. Andrew Bigelow. Very soon the portion of the society which retained the Calvinistic tenets asked for and obtained dismission, and the church was divided. Those remaining were duly incorporated as the First Parish of Medford, March 31, 1824. In 1826 Mr. Bigelow was obliged to leave from ill- health, and February 28, 1827, Rev. Caleb Stetson was ordained. His ministry lasted twenty-one years, and closed by his resignation, March 24, 1848. August 1, 1849, Rev. Jolin Pierpont suc- ceeded, and remained till 1856. April 15, 1857, Rev. Theodore Tebbetts was installed, and to him succeeded Rev. Edward C. Towne, April 17, 1861. He remained until 1867 ; and March 3, 1869, Rev. Henry C. DeLong, the present pastor, was ordained.


Second (Trinitarian) Parish .- This was formed,


as we have seen, in 1823, and its pastors have been the following : Rev. Aaron Warner, ordained Sep- tember 1, 1824, dismissed October 2, 1832 ; Rev. Gordon Winslow, ordained June 12, 1833, dis- missed November 12, 1834; Rev. Levi Pratt, or- dained August 19, 1835, died August 9, 1837; Rev. A. R. Baker, ordained April 25, 1838, dis- missed September 20, 1848; Rev. E. P. Marvin, ordained February 25, 1852, dismissed Novem- ber 8, 1865; Rev. James T. McCollum, ordained November 8, 1865, died November 25, 1874.


As will be shown immediately after the last date, this church united with the Mystic Church, and its existence as a separate body ended.


The Third Congregational (Trinitarian) Church, called also the Mystic Church, was an offshoot of the Second Church. It was established May 9, 1847, with sixty members, and its first pastor was Rev. Abner B. Warner. The list of ministers is as follows : Rev. Abner B. Warner, ordained Octo- ber 27, 1847, died May 26, 1853; Rev. Jacob M. Manning, ordained January 5, 1854, dismissed February 17, 1857; Rev. Elias Nason, ordained November 10, 1858, dismissed November 19, 1860; Rev. Edward P. Hooker, ordained Novem- ber 13, 1861, dismissed March 31, 1869; Rev. Solon Cobb, ordained November 3, 1869, dismissed March 12, 1874.


The two churches for some time felt that there was no need of maintaining distinct organizations, especially as the establishment of an Orthodox Church in West Medford drew much from both. The death of Mr. McCollom just at this time per- haps brought the matter to a crisis, and the two churches combined chose as their pastor Rev. Charles H. Baldwin, who was installed June 30, 1875. The Mystic Church building was enlarged, and re-dedicated January 12, 1876.


Universalist Society. - This society was formed March 10, 1831, and has been under the following named pastors : Rev. Winslow W. Wright, from April, 1833, to April, 1835; Rev. Joseph Banfield, from 1835 to 1838 ; Rev. Hosea Ballou, from April, 1838, to Aug., 1853; Rev. G. V. Markham, from March, 1854, to May, 1858 ; Rev. C. B. Lom- bard, from May, 1859, to Jan., 1861; Rev. B. H. Davis, from Nov., 1861, to Feb., 1867 ; Rev. R. P. Ambler, from March, 1869, to Dec., 1873 ; Rev. J. H. Farnsworth, from May, 1874, to July, 1875 ; Rev. W. G. Haskell, from May, 1876, to June, 1878; Rev. Richard Eddy, Dec., 1878.


The First Methodist Society was incorporated in


171


MEDFORD.


1828, when the first church was built. It was re- built in 1845, mainly by the exertions of Rev. Mr. Pickering. The custom in this denomination of making annual changes in the preachers prevents us from offering a list of those who have held this place. The present minister is Rev. T. C. Watkins.


The Baptists of Medford were without a church until July 7, 1841, when a regular organization was effected. The record of ministers is as fol- lows : Rev. G. W. Bosworth, settled September 8, 1841, resigned, 1845 ; Rev. B. C. Grafton, settled July, 1845, resigned April, 1846; Rev. G. C. Dan- forth, settled August, 1847, resigned October, 1848; Rev. E. K. Fuller, settled April, 1849, re- signed April 1, 1854; Rev. T. E. Keely, settled October 1, 1854.


Owing to financial and other questions the so- ciety dissolved in 1856, but a portion immediately reorganized as the Central Baptist Church, with the same minister, officers, and edifice. The list con- tinues : Rev. T. E. Keely, settled September 9, 1856, dismissed July 31, 1857 ; Rev. G. M. Pres- ton, settled 1858, dismissed June, 1868.


During his term the church resumed the name of the First Baptist, and received back the old members. Rev. J. C. Hurd was settled November, 1868; dismissed May, 1870. Rev. J. G. Richardson was settled May, 1871; dismissed May, 1877. Rev. J. P. Abbott was settled December 19, 1877.


Grace Church, Episcopal. - The rectors of this church have been : Rev. David G. Haskins, chosen March, 1848, resigned February 18, 1852; Rev. Justin Field, chosen September 14, 1852, resigned December 31, 1859; Rev. George A. Strong, chosen January, 1861, resigned June 1, 1863; Rev. Charles H. Learoyd, chosen September 1, 1863, resigned 1872; Rev. Charles L. Hutchins, chosen September 15, 1872, present pastor.


The first building, of wood, was consecrated May 11, 1850; the present stone edifice, built at the expense of Mrs. Gorham Brooks, and costing about $40,000, was given to the parish, and con- secrated May 6, 1873. At the same date Dudley C. Hall, Esq., gave a rectory, costing, with the land, about $11,000; and an endowment fund of $15,000 was raised by the parishioners. The church is steadily growing in strength and numbers.


The West. Medford Congregational Church (Trinitarian). - As already mentioned, this church is a branch from the older churches, organized in June, 1872, with twenty-six members, of whom sixteen came from the Second (Trinitarian) Church.


There have been but two pastors, the first being Rev. Edwin L. Jaggar (who resigned in 1874, owing to ill-health), and the present minister, Rev. Marshall M. Cutter. The church building is on Harvard Avenue, West Medford, with a present capacity of three hundred and fifty seats. The membership has risen to over seventy.


The Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church was organized April 1, 1872, and Rev. Jarvis Amos Ames is the present minister.


Population. - In 1707, as Brooks records, Med- ford liad 46 ratable polls, a small increase over the 36 polls rated in 1688. This would give a popu- lation of about 230. In 1736 there were 133 polls, or 665 inhabitants; in 1763, 741 inhabitants ; in 1776, 967; in 1784, 981; in 1790, 1,029; in 1800, 1,114; in 1810, 1,443; in 1820, 1,474; in 1830, 1,755; in 1840, 2,478; in 1850, 3,749 ; in 1860, 4,831; in 1865, 4,839, with 1,031 voters ; in 1870, 5,717 inhabitants. Ratable polls in 1871, 1,480; in 1875, 6,627, with 1,512 voters ; in 1878, 1,785 assessed polls, and a vote cast for governor of 1,206. As the vote for presi- dent in 1876 was only 1,273, it is safe to assume that Medford has in 1879 over 7,000 inhabitants. In 1879 we find its polls 1,790.


In the first tax to pay £50 in 1630, Boston paid £11 and Medford £3; Charlestown £ 7 and Salem £3. In 1634, in a levy of £ 600, Medford paid £26; in 1637, on £ 1,500, Boston paid £233} and Medford £ 52}, the smallest sum out of nine towns.


The following tax-list is copied from the Jeffries Papers, published in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. XXXII. pp. 316, 317.


" A List of the number of Male Persons and ratable Es- tate in Meadford, taken by the Selectmen and Commissioner.


Major Jonathan Wade, heads 5, estate £1 9 s. 0d.


John Hall, Sen'


3


0 15


33


Caleb Brooks Q


0


10


13


0


Stephen Willis


3


0


11


11


6


Stephen Francis 66


2


0


07


1


John Whitmore


66


2


0


07


53


John Bradshoe


I


66


0


03


1


Jonathan Tuffts 66


1


0


06


6


John Tuffts 1


0


05


1


Daniel Woodward


1


0


05


1


Mr. Joseph Squire


Q


0


03


4


Isaac Fox


1


66


0


03


9


John Hall ju"


1


0


02


4


Edward Walker


1


0


03


4


Mr. Ebenezer Prout


0


0]


5


Nathaniel Wade


3


0


17


6


Total


15 10


Thomas Willis


0


Peter Tuffts


0


172


HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY.


"This List was perfected by the Selectmen and Commis- sioner of Meadford, this 31 day of August, 1688.


" NATH. WADE,


" PETER TUFTS, Selectmen.


" STEPHEN WILLIS,


" JOHN WHITMORE, Commissioner.


" JOHN TURFTE, Constable."


In the first province tax-levy, that of 1695, Medford was assessed only £34, about eighteen towns out of eighty paying less. Tisbury and


Chilmark paid £31 each; Hull, £43; Newton, £ 90; Malden, £100; Sudbury, £110; Cambridge £180, and Charlestown £304. In 1790 its state valu- ation was $9,441.68; in 1800, $15,036.08; in 1810, $26,311.19; in 1820, $30,507.84; in 1830, $931,050; in 1840, $1,095,195.31; in 1850, $2,128,470.50. In 1870 its town valuation was $5,972,504; in 1879, $7,025,809; and its rate of taxation is $14.10 per $1,000.


JOHN ANDREW-SON.


Launch on the Mystic.


Trade and Manufactures. - The only large branch of manufacturing which has been carried on in Medford is that of ship-building. July 4, 1631, Governor Winthrop launched at Mystic a bark of some thirty tons called The Blessing of the Bay. In the next two years the servants of Mr. Cradock built at least two vessels here, one being of two hundred tons' burthen. For the next century and a half vessels were built, owned, and sailed from here. As, for example, in the Boston News- Letter, June 9, 1707, we note, as entered inwards, sloop Callipatch, Francis Whitmore, from Con- necticut.


It was, however, after 1800 that this industry received its impetus, and Brooks records the names of Magoun, Turner, Lapham, Sprague, James,


Fuller, Rogers, Stetson, Waterman, Ewell, Curtis, Foster, and Taylor as worthy " to be held in grate- ful remembrance for many generations." From 1803 to 1854 there were built at Medford five hundred and thirteen vessels, with a total of 232,206 tons, valued at $10,449,270. This in- dnstry, however, has passed away.


For many years the business of making bricks has been carried on here, and in the last census it figures as the main local industry. Distilling has also been long a special industry here, and Medford rum is still famous. Another local industry was the manufacture of Medford crackers, established by Mr. Francis.




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