USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Quincy > History of old Braintree and Quincy : with a sketch of Randolph and Holbrook > Part 57
USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Braintree > History of old Braintree and Quincy : with a sketch of Randolph and Holbrook > Part 57
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* This business was established by Mr. William G. Appleton, about 1836, on the estate now owned by Mr. J. R. Graham on Washington street. From here Mr. Apple- ton moved his bleachery to his estate on Adams street, now owned by Mr. Edward H. Dewson, where he continued the business until his removal froin town in 1856.
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APPENDIX. 601
Establishments for building boats, 1; boats built, 20; capital invested, $250; hands employed, 2.
Establishments for the manufacture of wagons, sleighs and other vehicles, 2; value of wagons, &c., $7,500; capital invested, $2,000; hands employed, 7.
Chair and cabinet manufacturers, 2; value of articles manufactured, $9,000; capital, $2,500; hands employed, 6.
Tin ware, sheet iron and stove manufacturers, 2; value of goods, $14,500; capital, $3,500; hands employed, 4.
Tanneries, 2; value of leather tanned, $10,000; capital, $4,000; hands em- ployed, 4.
Currying establishments, 5; value of leather curried, $45,000; capital, $12,000; hands employed, 18.
Manufacturers of patent and enamelled leather, 1; valne of leather manufac- tured, $10,000; capital, $2,000; hands employed, 6.
Boots of all kinds manufactured, 79,925 pairs; shoes, 6,000 pairs; value of boots and shoes, $309,500; males employed, 425; females, 146 .*
* Previous to the present century, or shortly after the close of the Revolutionary war, Mr. John Pray began manufacturing shoes, in a building on the easterly side of Hancock street, near its junction with Adams street; this estate is now owned by Mr. Edwin B. Pratt. Subsequently Mr. Frederick Hardwick, Eli Veazey and others, began the business in a small way. These persons desiring to establish a market for their goods, but not having money to employ an agent, decided to club together and raise a fund for the purpose, and send some person on a southern tour. They considered Mr. Pray the best salesman of their number and engaged him. Mr. Pray immediately pro- ceeded on his journey; his first sale was made in Providence, R. I. He continued on disposing of his goods in the various large places, until he arrived at Richmond, Vir- ginia, where he closed out his merchandise. He found that his sales had been sucess- ful and that he had received eleven hundred dollars, all in hard money, which was a large sum for the times, and as much as he desired to carry with him, as there were no banks where he could exchange his specie for paper. This large amount of money caused Mr. Pray great uneasiness as to its safety. On his journey home, while waiting on the wharf for the ferry boat to take him across a river, a gentleman who was stand- ing by, witnessing his uneasiness, said to him, "Sir, you have money with you." Mr. Pray replied that he had. The gentleman then said, "if you eross that stream without protecting yourself with some weapon of defence, you will be robbed by those negroes who command the boat ; as soon as they get in the centre of the river, they will slack np and then take your money." On this suggestion Mr. Pray acted; he selceted his weapon and cautiously concealed it under his coat and proceeded on his way. On ap- proaching the centre of the stream, he found that the statement of the gentleman on the wharf was too true, for sure enough, the negroes on nearing the centre of the river began to slack up and make preparations to relieve him of his money. Now was the time for his defence. Mr. Pray quietly took from under his coat a huge ehub, and with a firm hand and determined air exclaimed to the negroes, " By the great Gods, if you do not proceed, I will smash the first negro's head who refuses to do his duty." This declamation had its desired effect, as he soon safely reached the shore. This journey was probably the first attempt to establish a southern wholesale market for this elass of goods.
Mr. Noah Curtis was among the pioneers of the boot and shoe business. He learned his trade of a Mr. Ripley. In 1791, at the age of nineteen he began to make shoes, and in April 1794, began to mannfacture them for sale. In 1795, nine hundred and fifty-one pairs were made and sold. The price paid the workmen for hand sewed shoes, was one
77
602
APPENDIX.
Value of building stone quarried and prepared for building, $238,000; hands employed, 324.
Firewood prepared for market, 250 cords; value, $1,500.
Horses, 302; value, $35,695. Oxen over three years old, 76; steers under three years old, -; value of oxen and steers, $5, 960. Milch cows, 442; heifers, 5; value of cows and heifers, $15,650. Indian corn, 109 acres, with 43 bushels per acre; value of corn, $5,155.70. Rye, 38 acres, with 24 bushels per acre; value of rye, $1,140. Barley, 35 acres, with 25 bushels per acre; value of bar- ley, $875. Potatoes, 50 acres, with 110 bushels per acre; value of potatoes, $5,500. Turnips, 12 acres, with 400 bushels per acre; value of turnips, $175.
shilling per pair, or two dollars per dozen, and they were sold from eight shillings six pence to nine shillings six pence per pair.
In 1802, boots began to come into use, for which he paid for making and fitting $1.50, exclusive of fitting 90 cents per pair for hand sewed, and received for these from $5.00 to $5.50 per pair. In 1822, he began to consign his boots to southern houses in New Orleans, Savannah, Charleston and Richmond; in these southern towns and eities he established a large trade. His manufactory was on Penn's Hill.
His sons Adam and Samuel began business in 1819 at Mr. Dwelle's place on the same hill. In 1820, they moved to the old Adams mansion on Franklin street, where they carried on their business until 1829, when Mr. Adam Curtis ereeted his house on Frank- lin street. In connection with his house he built a shop where he remained until 1850, when he built his large factory on the corner of Franklin and Pearl streets. Messrs. Curtis carried on a large business in fine French goods. From 1853 to 1858, their factory for the making of nice French calf boots was the largest and most extensive of any in the States for hand sewed work, employing three hundred of the best artisans in the country ; they also gave employment to one hundred fitters. Their boots were known and sold in all the principal cities throughout the United States. In 1842, the firm was changed to Adam Curtis & Co. 1856 was their largest year's work, when they manu- faetured four thousand cases, or forty-eight thousand pairs. The civil war seriously interfered with their large southern trade; heavy losses and other causes, caused the firm soon after the elose of the war to relinquish business.
From 1820 to 1830 Mr. Nathaniel White carried on a very large business in the manu- facture of heavy brogans for the southern trade, in which industry he accumulated quite a competency for that time. Subsequently he entered into company with Mr. Elijah Spear, and the firm's name was White & Spear. This firm gave up making bro- gans and commenced the manufacture of fine calf boots. After the death of Mr. Elijah Spear, in 1839, Mr. White continued the business. Relinquishing the manufacture of boots, Mr. White entered into the lumber and coal trade, which did not prove finan- eially successful.
Mr. John D. Whicher began manufacturing cheap pegged boots about 1847, and established by untiring industry a very successful aud lucrative business; later he carried on machine sewed work in connection with his pegged. He was engaged in this business until his sudden death which occurred in September, 1877. Mr. Whicher at the time of his decease, was in possession of a greater amount of property than any other person engaged in the boot and shoe business in this town. The apprizement of his estate was about two hundred and sixty thousand dollars. The business is still carried on by his successors.
The other firms in this town are J. R. Graham & Co., E. W. H. Bass for Noah Curtis & Co., Thomas Curtis, Franklin Curtis, Winslow M. Newcomb and others.
Among the original firms and persons engaged in the manufacturing of boots and shoes, not now in business, were Eli Veasey, Frederick Hardwiek, William P. & J. M.
603
APPENDIX.
Carrots, 8 acres, with 400 bushels per acre; value of carrots, $1,056. English mowing land, 1,309 acres; English hay cut, 1,450 tons; value of hay, $29,000. Wet meadow or swale hay, 18 tons; value, $144. Salt hay, 780 tons; value, $7,800. Apple trees, 4,160; value, $4,565. Pear trees, 1,875; value, $450. Swine raised, 340: value, $6,330. Milk produced, 176,800 gallons; value, $24,752.
English and West India goods, apothecary, jewelry and variety stores, 18; amount of business of the same, $213,000.
Establishments for the manufacture of bootmaker's ink, 1; value of ink manufactured, $6,000.
Hardwick, Henry Hardwick, Levi B. Josephs, John B. Dwelle, J. & H. H. Faxon, Benja- inin Curtis, George Briesler & Fowle, Jabez Bigelow, William Ditson, Nathaniel Wild, Nathan H. White, who was the first person in town to manufacture boots by a sew- ing machine, Samuel White, M. R. & E. Marsh, Pope & Penniman, J. Warren Carlton, James T. Penniman, Wm. Nash, Charles & Lewis Curtis, Wood & Cleverly, Thompson Baxter, Elijah Baxter and Charles Marsh, who was succeeded by his brother Edwin.
In the early days of the business the manufacturers of boots and shoes were aeens- tomed to market them by putting a yoke across their shoulders, and attaching their mer- chandise in panniers to it. walk to Boston and dispose of them from their stalls located near North Market street or otherwise, and return the same day.
The first shoemaker in the Colony appears to have been a Mr. Thomas Beard, who came over in the Mayflower, and was to be maintained at the public charge for £10 a year. The governor of the Colony was to direct his place of employment. Mr. Beard brought with him a supply of leather for his use, upon which he was to pay £4 per ton freight. It was also voted that fifty acres of land should be alloted him as compensa- tion for paying his transportation charges. It seems almost incredible, that in little more than twenty years after the settlement of the Colony that she should export boots and shoes, but sueh was the case, as at this early period Boston merchants began ex- porting calfskin boots and shoes manufactured at Lynn. Shoes, ealled stuff shoes, for women's wear, were subsequently quite extensively manufactured at Lynn, but only commonly worn by the most wealthy; the less opulent wore them on important occasions such as weddings, and preserved them as too delieate for ordinary use. Morocco leather was not in use at this time, and it was not until 1770 that this article was brought to publie notiee by the noted Lord Timothy Dexter. In 1796, it was manufactured at Charlestown, Mass., by Mr. Elisha Mead. At this early period of the settlement of the Colonies the laboring elasses wore neat leather shoes principally during the Colonial period. In 1677 shoemakers were not to charge for shoes above five and a halfIpence a size, "for all playne and wooden-heeled shoes. Three-soled shoes well made not above' seven and a half pence a size, and the same for French falls." To mark false sizes, or to sell above the price established by eustom involved the forfeiture of the goods.
In 1629, the price established in Massachusetts for shoes when ordered of large sizes were two to two shillings sixpence a pair. Shoestrings as now worn took the place of the shoe-rose, under the Stuarts, and buckles resembling the horse bean came into use about 1688; " round toed" and " wooden heels" was the fashion of that day. The intro- duetion of pegged work gave an impetus to the boot and shoe business. This introduction as far as we have been able to learn, was made by Mr. Joseph Walker of_Hopkinton, Massachusetts, in 1818, which produced quite a revolution in the boot and shoe trade. "Previous to this time sewed work alone was made." After the introduction of the shoe peg, this " revolutionary instrument," about seven-eighths of the shoes made were pegged. At the present time machine sewed work has largely superseded hand sewed and pegged goods.
604
APPENDIX.
Establishments for melting lead and preparing it for market, 1; value of lead, $7,000.
Sloops employed in freighting stone and other articles, 10; hands employed, 45 men and boys.
INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS FOR 1865.
Printing and newspaper establishments, 1; value of stock used, $300. News- paper printed, Quincy Patriot; issued weekly. Gross value, $1,000; capital, $400; all other printing done, $800; capital, $300; hands employed-males, 4, females, 1.
Photographic establishments, 1; value of stock used, $225; photographs taken, 2,000; value, $800; capital, $200; hands employed, 1.
Harness manufacturers, 2; harnesses manufactured, 5; value, $200; value of stock used, $125; capital, $500; hands employed, 4.
Ship yards, 1; value of material used, $58,000; vessels launched, 2; amount of tonnage, 1,559; value, $75,000; capital, $50,000; hands employed, 50.
Boat manufacturers, 2; value of material used, $875; boats built, 5; value, $1,100; capital, $300; hands employed, 3.
Sail-lofts, 1; sails made of foreign fabrics, 50; value of fabric, $8,000; value of sails, $12,000; capital, $1,000; hands employed, 3.
Establishments for the manufacture of wagons, sleighs and other vehicles, 2; number of wagons made, 5; sleighs, 2; value, $760; value of stock used, $500; capital, $1,200; hands employed, 5.
Clothing manufacturers, 4; value of stock used, $24,000; value of clothing, $34,500; capital, $8,000; males employed, 10; females, 40.
Marble and grave-stone establishments, 1; value of stone used, $1,500; value of grave-stones manufactured, $4,500; capital, $200; hands employed, 5.
Master builders, 5; buildings erected, 3; value, $1,825; value of materials used, $1,167; hands employed, 6.
Blacksmith shops, 4; value of stock used, $1,400; value of work done, $10,- 000; capital, $2,900; hands employed, 7.
Tin ware manufacturers, 2; value of stock used, $900; value of ware, $1,300; capital, $300; hands employed, 2.
Tanning and currying establishments, 6; value of stock nsed, $11,400; hides tanned, 15,600; hides curried, 32,200; value, $160,220; capital, $76,400; hands employed, 43 .*
* The first tanner and currier that we have any account of, was Mr. Benjamin Webb, who in 1700, bought of Benjamin Tompson, the old schoolmaster, one acre and a half of land for £82, 10s., as a place to erect a building for his business. The boundary of this estate was as follows, viz :- " Northerly on the town brook that runs through the heart of Braintree; southerly with the town land adjoining the old school house; easterly on land of James Brackett; westerly on the County road, with dwelling-house thereon." This old tannery remained in the Webb family until 1816, when Mr. Anthony Baxter purchased the estate and continued the business. In 1823 Mr. Francis Williams assumed business here. In 1831, Mr. John Mulford engaged this establishment for tanning hides, where he remained until he moved to the opposite side of the street where he erected a tannery, which some years ago was burnt down. The land with the old vats and pits are now in the possession of Mr. William Panton. Mr. Williams after the removal of Mr. Mulford from the Webb tannery resumed business there again.
605
APPENDIX.
Boots of all kinds manufactured, 118,737 pairs; shoes, 962 pairs; gross value of stock used, $308,155; value of boots and shoes manufactured, $467,665; capi- tal, $61,000; inales employed, 351; females, 121.
Blacking manufacturers, 1; value of stock used, $5,000; value of blacking, $10,000; capital, $1,000; hands employed, 2.
Gas establishments, 1; value of stock used, $2,500; value of gas, $4,000, capital, $12,500; hands employed, 2.
Ice dealers, 2; tons of ice preserved, 2,100; value, $2,000; capital, $2,200; hands employed, 3.
Bakeries, 1; value of stock used, $7,000; value of bread manufactured, $10,- 000; capital, $1,000; males employed, 3; females, 2.
Subsequently Mr. Joseph Adams and Mr. Patrick Garrity carried on there the dressing of leather. Finally Mr. Williams disposed of this estate to Mr. J. Q. Wild, who removed the buildings, and this old tannery ceased to exist.
The next tannery was built by Mr. Elijah Veazie on Granite street, nearly opposite the old Seoteh Pond road which has been for years discontinued. Mr. Veazie con- strueted this work sometime previous to the Revolutionary War. Not much business was transacted here after the commencement of the present century with the exception of grinding a little bark.
Mr. Henry A. Gay built a tannery on Canal street about 1831, nearly opposite the june- tion of Chestnut street with it, where Mr. Edward Turner's house now stands. Mr. Gay's tannery was a model one, as he had constructed his vats and pits in the most improved manner, which enabled him to transact his business more economically. In early times a Mr. Glover built a tannery at Squautum, where he was quite extensively engaged in business. At the present time there is no tanning carried on in town.
In the early settlement of the Colonies the taming and currying business was of great importanee, as they not only had to dress leather for making shoes, but also clothing. The understandings of our " Forefathers," were not the degenerate sizes of the present period, as the ordinary sizes of that day were from tens to thirteens. For many years the dress of servants, and to a large extent of all the aetive elasses eonsist- ed in part of leather. Deer skins were the favorite skins tanned as buff leather, and many of them were obtained by the sportsman's musket, or in trade with the Indian, which provided them with a substantial material for their clothing, "hose of leather, lyned with oiled leather," " gloves of calves leather," and " breeches of oyled leather."
By statute, "No leather over lined or insufficiently tanned, or not thoroughly dried after tanning, might be exposed for sale. Tanners putting leather into hot or warm 'moors' or sitting there 'fatts' in places improper where the leather would heat and burn, were to forfeit £20 for each offence."
At the time Mr. Webb began the business of tanning the price of green hides were 3 pence, and dry hides 6 pence, selling price 12 penee. Buck, doeskin and deer skins for clothing were dressed in oil, soll from 88, 6d. to fs; those dressed with hair on one side sold for 1s. to Ss. per pound. So great was the demand for this commodity, that in 1747, South Carolina exported 720 hogsheads of deer skins; in 1755, North Carolina exported 30,000 deer skins; Georgia 213,475 pounds.
The tanneries of this early date were constructed in the most primitive and rude manner. "A greater or less number of oblong boxes or hogsheads, was sunk in the ground near a fresh water stream, without cover or outlet below, to serve as vats and leeches. Similar boxes above the ground for lime vats and pools. An open shed for a beam house, and a eireular trough fifteen feet in diameter, in which the bark was crushed by alternate wooden and stone wheels, turned by two old blind horses, at the rate of half a cord a day." This completed a first-elass tannery.
606
APPENDIX.
Clams taken, 2,500 bushels; value, $2,500; capital, $500; hands employed, 8. Alewives taken, 15,000; value, $150; hands employed, 7.
Vessels engaged in coasting or carrying trade, 3; tonnage, 883; value, $59,000; amount received for freight, $44,627; hands employed, 21.
Apple trees, 7,940; value of apples, $3,084. Pear trees, 3,789; value of pears, $1,433. All other trees cultivated for their fruit, 1,122; valne, $500. Value of berries cultivated or gathered for market, $750. Grapes, do., $300.
Sheep, 73; value, $365. Wool produced, 219 pounds; value, $109.50. Horses, 447; value, $67,050. Oxen over four years old, 36; value, $4,500. Milch cows, 545; heifers, 25; value of cows and heifers, $27,875. Gallons of milk sold, 210, 226; value, $42,045.20. Pounds of butter sold, 500; value, $200.
Beef dressed, 669,200 pounds; value, $80,204. Pork, 130,410 pounds; value, $23,473.80. Mutton, 9,100 pounds; value, $1,092. Veal, 160,50 pounds; value, $2,086.50. Swine, 530; value, $10,600. Value of poultry, $858. Value of eggs sold, $1,345.
Slate quarries, 1; value, $800; capital, $200; hands employed, 2.
Establishments for melting lead and preparing it for market, 1; valne of lead, $10,000; capital, $3,000; hands employed, 3.
Sloops and other vessels employed in freighting stone, &c., 15; tonnage, 715; value of vessels, $18,500; receipts for freight, $25,000; hands employed, 60.
Smelts and other fish seined for market, 20 tons; value, $3,000. Other fislı, 2 tons; value, $320. Capital, $100; hands employed, 6.
Pump establishments, 1 ; value of stock used, $40; value of pumps, $90; capital, $100; hands employed, 1.
Manufacturers of coffins and burial cases of all kinds, 1; value of stock used, $18; coffins made, 12, value, $30; capital, $100; hands employed, 1.
Stone quarries, 10; value of building stone quarried and prepared for market, $271,880; capital, $133,600; hands employed, 306.
Firewood prepared for market, 761 cords; value, $6,088; capital, $2,000; lands employed, 36.
Farms, 66; acres, 4,095; value, including buildings, $564,650; number of acres improved, 3,638; hands employed, 151.
Unimproved land, 1,050 acres; unimprovable land, 1, 000 acres; woodland, 2,850 acres; value, $83,500.
Indian corn, 97 acres, 3,004 bushels; value, $4,506. Rye, 11 acres, 167 bush- els; value, $283,090. Barley, 2 acres, 16 bushels; value, $32. Potatoes, 40 acres, 5,022 bushels; value, $6,277.50. Turnips, 11 acres, 2,201 bushels; valne, $1,100.50. Onions, 4 acres, 488 bushels; value, $976. Carrots, 6 acres, 1,975 bushels; value, $987.50. Cabbages, 7 acres; value, $1,258. Winter squashes, 4 acres; value, $282. Market gardening, 5 acres; value of products, $928. Beets and other esculent vegetables, 2 acres, 320 bushels; valne, $260. Cran- berries, ¿ acre, 20 bushels; value, $100. English mowing land, 1,495 acres, 1,626 tons of hay; value, $56,910. Wet meadow or swale land, 60 acres, 57 tons of hay; value, $798. Salt marsh land, 698 acres, 732 tons of hay; value, $14,640.
Vessels employed in freighting fish to market, 2; tonnage, 20; value of ves- sels, $500; hands employed, 5.
607
APPENDIX.
Aggregate of domestic and agricultural products, for the towns of Braintree, Holbrook, Quincy and Randolph, for the year 1875 :-
BRAINTREE,-Domestic products for use, $4,130; domestic products for sale, $4,170; hay, 1,234 tons, $25,733; other agricultural products, $71,080. Total, $105,113.
HOLBROOK,-Domestic products for sale, $2,738; domestic products for use, $186; hay, 460 tons, $6,501; other agricultural products, $2,052. Total, $11,477.
QUINCY,-Domestic products for sale, $2,952; domestic products for use, $546; hay, 1,428 tons, $30,529; other agricultural products, $89,116.
Total, $123,143.
RANDOLPH,-Domestic products for sale, $11,138; domestic products for use, $4,108; hay, 911 tons, $15,061; other agricultural products, $24,157.
Total, $54,464.
Value of farm property, stock, &c. :-
BRAINTREE,-Number of farms from 3 acres upwards, 118; value of land, $329,905; number of buildings, 273; value, $312,850; fruit trees and vines, $20,077; domestic animals, $39,565; agricultural implements in use, $11,500.
Total, $713,897.
HOLBROOK,-Number of farms from 3 acres upwards, 8; value of land, $19,205; number of buildings, 8; value, $5,750; domestic animals, $1,605; agricul- tural implements in use, $250.
Total, $26,810.
QUINCY,-Number of farms from 3 acres upwards, 46; value of land, $549,905; number of buildings, 144; value, $103,150; fruit trees and vines, $6,930; domestic animals, $48,508; agricultural implements in use, $16,876.
Total, $622,219.
RANDOLPH,-Number of farms from 3 acres upwards, 70; value of land, $213,405; number of buildings, 287; value, $232,100; fruit trees and vines, $9,673; domestic animals, $26,406; agricultural implements in use, $13,048.
Total, $494,632.
BRAINTREE. 1875.
Number of Establishments. .
Capital Invested. $636,750
Value.
Manufactures (goods made),
21
$1,619,705
Occupation (work done),
20
11,633
29,601
Total,
41
$648,383
$1,649,306
Some of the principal manufactures :-
Boots,
6
$142,150
$259,407
Boots and Shoes,
2
3,200
16,407
Cardigan Jackets,
1
3,900
8,000
Leather,
1
50,000
200,000
Sawed Lumber,
1
4,000
15,000
Cabinet Organs,
1
11,500
15,800
608
APPENDIX.
.
Number of Establishments.
Capital Invested.
Value.
Indian and Rye Meal,
1
17,000
56,600
Wrapping Paper,
1
20,000
47,891
Railroad Conductor's Punches,
1
2,500
3,000
Shoe Nails, Tacks, Brads, etc.,
1
25,000
35,000
Stoves, Animal Traps, Tinware, etc.,
7,500
7,600
Yarn, Twine, Webbing and Crash.
350,000
955,000
Some of the principal occupations: -
Blacksmithing,
5
2,900
9,200
Butchering,
1
2,000
3.000
Harness and Saddle Repairing,
2,150
2,934
Painting,
2,808
4,427
Wheelwrighting,
650
2,740
HOLBROOK. 1875.
Manufactures (goods made),
28
$228,400
$1.044,996
Occupation (work done),
5
600
4,800
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