USA > Massachusetts > History of the Fifth Massachusetts Battery : organized October 3, 1861, mustered out June 12, 1865, v.2 > Part 34
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FIFTH MASS. BATTERY.
We kept up our firing and gradually got troops back, until we felt pretty secure. Our greatest fear was that we should get out of ammunition as it had to be brought up by meu carrying one round in cach hand across the open plain. Although in some respects disagreeable we rather enjoyed it. There was a great sense of freedom in firing the rebel guns as we did not care whether we burst them or not. We dismounted one gun by the recoil, and split the reinforce on the breech of another. We captured the clothing, papers, &c. of our predecessors, and found that the battery had been held by Battery B, Sumter Artillery, Captain Patterson. I obtained Captain Patterson's Ordnance Returns and found most of his Ordnance on hand. During the afternoon we did not fire much, but sheltered ourselves in the bomb proofs and traverses, and laughed at the infantry who came up in the inuddiest plights and tumbled through the em- brasures. . . . About midnight we found the Rebel line was deserted and our troops occupied Fort Mahone. We could then see large fires in Petersburg, and knew it was evac- uated."
In the Adjutant General's Report, 1865, of the state of Massachusetts, appears the following in relation to the 56th ( First Veteran) Regiment Infantry :--
"The regiment held for a long time the line of rebel works on the Jerusalem Plank Road, assisted only by the Fifth Mass. Battery. All our other troops had been forced to abandon the line, and had not the Fifty-Sixth held the key-point with great tenacity, the rebels would have regained the whole line."
CHAPTER XXVIII.
THE LAST CAMP IN VIRGINIA AND THE LAST MARCH.
"And those who knew each other not, Their hands together steal ; Each thinks of some long-hallowed spot, And all like brothers feel. Such holy thoughts to all are given The lowliest has his part ; The love of home, like love of heaven, Is woven in our heart." BRETON SONG IN LEVER'S Charles O'Malley.
The withdrawal of the Confederate troops from Peters- burg presaged a movement by their leaders to possess them- selves of a last resort, which in General Grant's judgment would be either Danville or Lynchburg, and he at once took measures to interrupt its progress by cutting off the railroads leading to those cities. On the morning of April 3. 1865. he commenced the pursuit of the rebel army by sending for- ward the cavalry to Deep Creek, followed by the Fifth Corps, and on the 5th by the Second and Sixth Corps, all forming line of battle at Jetersville the Fifth Corps holding the Centre.
Lee's Army was rapidly concentrating at Amelia Court House, and the 24th and 25th Corps took the southern route by way of Black's and White's Station, Burkesville and High Bridge. Having advanced the Second, Fifth, and Sixth Corps four miles, with the intention of giving battle to Lee, Meade became aware that Lee's Army had passed the Left of his Army during the night of the 5th of April,
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1865, and that a strong column of infantry, which had been encountered on Flat Creek, composed his rear guard.
General Meade at once ordered "right about face," and the Second Corps proceeded to Deatonsville, crossing Flat Creek, the Fifth Corps went to the right, through Paine- ville, and the Sixth Corps joined the cavalry, under Sheri- dan's command. at Jetersville. The Second Corps met the enemy under Gordon at Flat Creek, and pursued him for 14 miles to the forks of a road, where he was reinforced by the Confederates who had crossed Sailor's Creek and made a stand at Rice's Station on high ground where they went about the construction of temporary breastworks; not un- molested, for our cavalry had succeeded in striking the column at a weak point, capturing 16 pieces of artillery, 400 wagons, and a large number of prisoners.
Our forces in the mean time had continued the pursuit of Gordon, who attempted to make a last stand at Sailor's Creck, but was beaten by the Second Corps, who took 4 guns. 13 flags, and 1700 prisoners. Here, also, Lee lost a large part of his wagon trains which were massed at the crossing of the creek. Gordon reached High Bridge, which was a railroad bridge, safely that night, as the Second Corps halted after crossing the creek.
At Rice's Station, the rebel general Anderson, behind his temporary breastworks, found himself cut off by our forces from the road in his front, and before he was able to decide upon any movement, part of the Sixth Corps charged upon Ewell, who had come to Anderson's assistance at the same time that our cavalry attacked Anderson. The result was a total rout of the enemy, and the destruction of Ewell's entire command.
The Fifth Corps bivouacked on Sailor's Creek on the night of the 6th of April, having encountered the enemy at Paineville and captured a large number of guns and army wagons. So many supplies had been captured that the
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enemy began to be seriously crippled. On this night the Confederates under Longstreet crossed to the north bank of the Appomattox at Farmville, and in the morning started out on the leading road through Appomattox Court House to Lynchburg, leaving a force of cavalry in the vicinity of Farmville. Also, on the 7th, Gordon crossed High Bridge to the northi bank of the Rappahannock, followed by the confederate general Mahone's Division.
General Sheridan had protected the Danville railroad; the 24th Corps was moving towards Farmville; General Griffin with the Fifth Corps was on the way to Prince Ed. ward Court House. The Second Corps crossed High Bridge on the 7th notwithstanding the attempted destruc- tion of the bridge by the enemy, and following the enemy up the river to Farmville, overtook him, and cut off a large number of his wagons.
While this was being accomplished, the Confederates had concentrated near the Lynchburg road, and the Fifth Corps had crossed the Lynchburg railroad at Rice's Station. and was at Prince Edward Court House.
At 8.30 p. m. of April 7th. General Grant being satisfied that further resistance on the part of the Confederates was useless, and that the sacrifice of more lives savored of inhu- manity, sent a note to General Lee, asking him to surrender that portion of the Confederate Army known as the Army of Northern Virginia, and received a reply asking the terms Grant would offer on condition of the surrender. The reply went a long way around by way of High Bridge, and General Lee moved off with his command during the night. Hle was followed at 5.30 a. m. of the 8th by the Second and Sixth Corps on the road to Lynchburg. and General Grant wrote the letter offering to meet Lee to arrange terms of surrender at any point agrecable to him, which was sent from our front into the rear guard of the enemy's forces while we were still in purusit, and the cavalry came up from
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the vicinity of Prince Edward Court House to Appomattox Station, arriving early in the evening, having made impor- tant captures of artillery supply wagons, and three railway trains. Moving up to Appomattox Court House they formed across the road along which the Confederates were moving. The road from the Court House to Lynchburg was held by our troops.
At dusk of the Sth General Lee's reply was received by our advance at New Store, and sent back ten miles to Gen- eral Grant at Curdsville.
Griffin with the Fifth Corps bivouacked at 2 a. m. of the 9th within 2 miles of Appomattox Court House, after a march of 29 miles, and at 4 a. m. moved out and reached General Sheridan's Head Quarters near the Court House at 6 a. m. April 9th. The cavalry were reported still fighting, and two Divisions of the Fifth Corps moved rap- idly out in the direction of the firing, and forming two lines of battle drove the enemy from the hills where he had estab- lished his artillery, taking a number of prisoners, wagons and guns. Fighting was going on in the town when Gen- eral Sheridan ordered a suspension of hostilities as General Lee was about to surrender.
AS TOLD BY MEMBERS OF THE BATTERY.
April 3d, 1865, the guns of the Fifth Mass. Battery were removed from Fort Hays.
Phillips' Diary: "April 3, 1865. The Rebels burnt up all stores &c. last night and evacuated, and our troops en- tered Petersburg at 5 a. m. I walked to within a short dis- tance of the city, passed two 32 pdr. Howitzers and one 8 in. Columbiad spiked. ... The 9th Corps moved up to Petersburg."
In his letter written at City Point April 6, 1865. Phillips says of the advance :---
"The advance was ordered to be made at 5 a. m. and then
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everybody rushed for the city. About 2 a. m. I had one gun carried forward down the Plank Road in advance of everything, and tried to shell Petersburg, but I am afraid I did not succeed in reaching it. I sent the men back to Fort Hays, and in the afternoon rode into Petersburg. It is quite a pretty place, and the number of negroes was as- tonishing."
April 4th in the evening the Battery marched to City Point, and on the 5th became a part of the Second Brigade of the Artillery Reserve of 21 batteries. Major Phillips was placed in command of the Second Brigade, consisting of the Fifth Mass. Battery and Batteries C, E, G & L, Ist New York. The Brigade was camped about two miles from City Point.
From Major Phillips' Letter of April 6th :-- "All the in- fantry of the Army followed the Rebels, the artillery left . behind has been organized into an Artillery Reserve like the one I was in at Gettysburg. This consists of 4 Brigades, and I am in command of the 2d Brigade, consisting of five batteries. We are camped just outside the fortifications of City Point, and have a very pleasant camp. We marched down here day before yesterday. Lieut. Page is in the hos- pital at City Point. Private Flynn has lost his arm."
Sunday, April 9, 1865, news was received, in the evening. of the surrender of General Lee and his Army.
April 12th, 1865, four years to a day since the attack on Sumter, the flag of the Union was restored with appropriate ceremonies to its citadel, by the same hands which had been compelled to lower it when the fort was surrendered. It was a pleasant day. Ten thousand prisoners including ten generals, went by the camp to City Point.
Phillips' Diary: "April 13, 1865. Rainy. Sent off 24 horses from the Battery, and 1044 from the Brigade to the batteries at the front."
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LETTER OF MAJOR PHILLIPS.
"HD. ORS. 2D BRIG. ART'Y RESERVE
CITY POINT, April 21, 1865.
The news of President Lincoln's death came on us very suddenly. I heard of it at midnight on Friday and at the same time we were informed that the paroled prisoners were making their way in large numbers to City Point with hos- tile intent. As our force here is not very large, we were obliged to do picket duty for the occasion, and I sent out 30 horsemen armed and equipped to patrol the country. The same thing was done the next night, and then, the alarm having subsided, it ceased. Our only achievement was the capture of 1500 rounds of cartridges for Spencer rifles in a house near by."
THE PRESIDENT ASSASSINATED.
President Abraham Lincoln died Saturday, April 15, 1865. at 22 minutes past seven in the morning. He had been shot the evening previous at Ford's Theatre in Washi- ington.
April 23d the 9th Mass. Battery joined the Brigade of which Major Phillips was in command, and Second Lieut. William Park Jr. was detailed as adjutant general on Major Phillips' staff.
April 30, 1865. the Fifth Mass. Battery, Lieut. Harrison O. Simonds, was assigned to the Artillery Brigade Fifth Army Corps under B'v't Brig. Gen. Charles S. Wainwright. The other batteries composing the Brigade were six N. Y. light batteries, two Regulars, and the 15th N. Y. Heavy, Company M. The Fifth Mass. Battery was then serving with the Artillery Reserve.
May 3d the Artillery Reserve marched at 7.30, the 3d Brigade leading. 2d Brigade next. Crossed the Appoinat- tox by a bridge of 21 pontoons at Broadway Landing,
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crossed the James at Aiken's Landing, and camped about two miles beyond, just outside the rebel lines, near the river. Major Phillips rode into the rebel lines; found the works very fine especially the bomb proofs.
Phillips' Diary: "May 4, 1865. Marched at 6 a. m. 2d Brigade leading, into Richmond, up Main Street to 18th, up 18th, and the Mechanicsville pike, and camped about 2 miles beyond Mechanicsville. In the afternoon Captain Ritchie, Simonds and I rode down to Gaines Mills.
May 5th marched at 6 a. m., 2d Brigade in the rear. Rain, and muddy. Left the Mechanicsville pike and took the road to Pole Green Church and Hanover Court House, the one we marched on the 27th of May, 1862. Camped between the Court House and the river.
May 6. 1865. Delayed until 2 p. m. by the pontoon bridge. Crossed the Pamunkey, and camped just beyond. Hd. Ors. in front of Mr. Tunstall's houses. Crossed the Pamunkey River at Littlepage's Bridge.
May 7th. Marched at 4 a. in., forded the Mattapony at Milford, and camped at Bowling Green. Sth. Marched at 5 a. m. to Fredericksburg, and would have crossed, but re- ceived orders from General Meade to camp at Hamilton Crossing. 9th. Crossed the Rappahannock and marched through Stafford C. H. to Acquia. toth. Marched through Dumfries and camped about 4 miles beyond. Inth. Marched through Fairfax Station and C. H. to Annandale and camped. Stopped to see Scott at the Court House. Very cold and rainy during the night. 12th, cool but pleasant. In camp all day. The 5th Corps passed us.
May 13, 1865. Marched to a point about three miles from Alexandria between Fort Reynolds and Fort Barry and went into camp."
This was the last camp of the Battery in Virginia.
May 15th Major Phillips sent to Alexandria for ammu- nition chests. On the 22d he inspected the Brigade. He
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as well as other officers and men of the Battery attended the Grand Review in Washington of the Army of the Potomac and Sherman's great Army, but the Battery was not in line.
May 28th Major Phillips rode with Captain Milton and others to see "Forts Ward, Worth, Williams, and Battery Rodgers, the latter in Alexandria, mounting five 200 pdr. Parrotts and one XV in. gun."
May 30th Lieut. Page came into camp in the evening with orders to turn in the batteries, and the next day the Maine batteries in the Reserve were turned in.
June 1, 1865, was appointed a day of fasting and prayer.
FROM A LETTER OF MAJOR PHILLIPS. "NEAR WASHINGTON June 1, 1865.
I expect to turn in the Battery tomorrow, and we shall start for Massachusetts as soon as we can get transporta- tion. Today being Fast Day there is no business done, or I should be in at the Arsenal."
June Ist the Fifth Army Corps of the Army of the Potomac ceased to exist.
Diary of Major Phillips; "June 2, 1865. Turned in Bat- tery at the Arsenal; horses at Giesboro (?) Pt. and wagons on G Street.
June 3, 1865. Applied for transportation to Readville. At HI p. m. received orders to start the next morning. Illu- minated camp. Rode round in the afternoon visiting the 5th Corps.
THE LAST MARCH.
June 4. 1865. At 4 a. m. started for Washington; got on the cars about II, reached Baltimore about sunset; changed cars.
June 5. 1865. Reached Philadelphia at sunrise, break-
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fasted. and took the Camden and Aniboy R. R. for New York. Arrived at New York at 43, put the men on board the 'Commodore,' Stonington line."
The Boston Journal of the 5th in its announcement of the arrival of the Battery said :--
"The old organizations arriving in this city come under orders to report at once to the U. S. mustering officer, and this precludes any reception in their honor."
Phillips' Diary continued : "June 6th, 1865. Arrived at Readville about 8, and went into barracks. Reported to Major Clark in Boston (see p. 13 "The Battery Flags") and went to work on Muster Out Rolls."
On the 12th of June, the Battery was mustered out of the United States service, and on the 24th the men were paid off at Readville and dispersed to their homes.
The report of Major C. A. Phillips to Adjutant General W'm. Schouler closes with the following words :--
"This, sir, ends the record of the Fifth Battery. They have tried to do their duty, and the record speaks for itself. By orders from Head Quarters of the Army of the Potomac. they carry on their flag the names Yorktown. Hanover Court House, Mechanicsville, Gaines Mills, Malvern 1Till, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettys- burg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Bethesda Church, Petersburg, Weldon R. R., and Hatcher's Run. This list of battles, and our list of killed and wounded, will show what dangers we have been through. As to our conduct throughout our term of service, others must judge."
In the true copy of Major Phillips' Discharge here given, the year of his enrollment should be 1861, and his age when discharged was 24.
DISCHARGE PAPERS OF MAJOR PHILLIPS.
TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN.
[ Picture of an American eagle surrounded by stars,
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standing on a shield, with the national colors in the back- ground.]
Know ye, That Charles A. Phillips, a Captain & B\'t Maj. of Company (E) Massachusetts Artillery Volunteers, who was enrolled on the 18th day of October one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two to serve Three years or during the war, is hereby DISCHARGED from the service of the United States this 12th day of June, 1865, at Read- ville. Massachusetts, by reason of Muster Out of Company. (No ob- jection to his being re-enlisted is known to exist .* )
Said Charles A. Phillips was born in Salem, in the state of Massa- chusetts, is 20 years of age, 5 feet 1074 inches high, Light complexion, Blue eyes, Light hair, and by occupation when enrolled a law student.
Given at Readville, Mass. this 12th day of June, 1865.
ROBT. DAVIS, Ist Lt. & B'e't Capt. 2d U. S. Inf. Mustering Officer.
* This sentence will be erased should there be orything in the con- duct or physical condition of the soldier rendering him wifit for the Army.
[A. G. O. No. 90]
Across the page in red ink is written :-
Paid in full. A. HOLMAN. Pay. U. S. 4. June 26, 1865.
On the back is a printed form of the "Oath of Identity."
ACCOUNTS ALL SETTLED.
Certificate of
Non-Indebtedness on
ORDNANCE OFFICE, WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, D. C., April 23, 1866.
account of Ordnance Stores. CAPT. CHAS. A. PHILLIPS,
Battery E, Mass. Artillery B'y't Maj. U. S. Vols. Salem, Mass. Sir:
I have to acknowledge the receipt of your affidavit covering your accountability for Ordnance and Ordnance Stores.
The records of this Office show that no returns for such property
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are due from you, and you are therefore relieved from all accountability on that account.
Respectfully
Your obedient servant.
By Order of the Chief of Ordnance,
JNO. R. M'GUINESS. Lieut. of Ordnance, Brev't Capt. U. S. A. Ass't to Chicf of Ordnance.
QUARTERMASTER'S STORES. TO MAJ. C. A. PHILLIPS.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, THIRD AUDITOR'S OFFICE, May 13, 1870.
Sir:
It becomes my duty to notify you that your Returns of Quar- termaster's Stores for the period of 4th Or. 1862, to- June, 1865, having passed the administrative scrutiny of the proper military bureau, have been examined in this Office and found correct.
This closes your accountability for property of the Quartermaster's Department, so far as the same is known to this Office.
Very respectfully,
ALLAN RUTHERFORD, Auditor.
CHAS. A. PHILLIPS,
Capt. Battery E, Mass. Lt. Art'y.
With the special approval of the chairman of the com mittee on its publication, the following extract from an address of Governor Andrew in honor of the dead. and the. last verse of Colonel T. W. Higginson's "Waiting for the Bugle," in sympathy with the living soldiers of the War for the Preservation of the Union, will fitly close this his- tory of nearly four years of life in camp. on the march, and in the field, of the Fifth Massachusetts Battery, Light Artillery :--
"By the homely traditions of the fireside, by the headstones in the church yard consecrated to those whose forms repose far off in rude graves by the Rappahannock, or sleep beneath the sea, embalmed in the
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memories of succeeding generations of parents and children, the heroic dead will live on in immortal youth. The great proclamation of liberty will lift the Ruler who uttered it, our Nation and our age above all vulgar destiny."
"Though the bivouac of age may put ice in our veins, And no fibre of steel in our sinew remains; Though the comrades of yesterday's march are not here, And the sunlight seems pale and the branches are serc: Though the sound of our cheering dies down to a moan, We shall find our lost youth when the bugle is blown."
[FINIS.]
PROMOTIONS AND RESIGNATIONS OF COM-
MISSIONED OFFICERS OF THE FIFTH MASS. BATTERY, LIGHT ARTILLERY.
I861.
Sept. 28, 1861, George D. Allen of Malden, was com- missioned First Lieutenant.
Oct. S. 1861, John B. Hyde of New Bedford, was com. 2d Lieut.
Robert A. Dillingham of New Bedford, 3d Lieut.
Charles A. Phillips of Salem, 4th Licut.
Oct. 23. 1861, Max Eppendorff of New Bedford was com. Captain.
1862.
Jan'y 24, 1862, Captain Max Eppendorff resigned and was discharged.
Jan'y 25, 1862, First Lieutenant George D. Allen was promoted Captain.
Second Lieutenant John B. Hyde was promoted Ist Lieut.
Third Lieutenant Robert A. Dillingham was promoted Junior First Lieut.
Fourth Lieutenant Charles A. Phillips was promoted Second Lieut.
Henry D. Scott of New Bedford was com. Junior 2d Lieut.
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FIFTH MASS. BATTERY.
July 12, 1862, First Lieutenant John B. Hyde and Junior First Lieutenant Robert A. Dillingham, resigned and were discharged.
July 13, 1862, Second Lieutenant Charles A. Phillips was promoted Ist Lieut.
Junior Second Lieutenant Henry D. Scott was promoted Junior Ist Lieut.
Peleg W. Blake of New Bedford was com. 2d Lieut.
Aug. 1, 1862, Frederic A. Lull of Cambridge was com. Junior 2d Lieut.
Oct. 17, 1862, Captain George D. Allen resigned and was discharged.
Oct. 18, 1862, First Lieutenant Charles A. Phillips was promoted Captain.
Junior Second Lieutenant Frederic A. Lull was promoted Ist Licut.
Joseph E. Spear of Quincy was com. 2d Licut.
1863.
July 30, 1863, Second Lieutenant Peleg W. Blake was promoted Ist Lieut.
Nathan Appleton of Boston was com. 2d Lieut.
July 31. 1863, First Lieutenant Frederic A. Lull was promoted Captain of 2d Reg't. Mass. Heavy Artillery.
1864.
March 11, 1864, Second Lieutenant Joseph E. Spcar was promoted ist Lieut.
First Lieutenant Henry D. Scott was promoted Captain 16th Mass. Battery, Light Artillery.
Harrison O. Simonds of Boston was com. 2d Lieut.
June 18, 1864, First Lieutenant Pcleg W. Blake was killed in action.
June 19, 1864, Second Lieutenant Nathan Appleton was promoted Ist Lieut.
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Samuel H. Hamblett of Salem was com. 2d Lieut.
Aug. 25, 1864. First Lieutenant Nathan Appleton re- signed and was discharged.
Aug. 26, 1864. Second Lieutenant Harrison O. Simonds was promoted Ist Lieut.
Mason W. Page of New Bedford was com. 2d Lieut.
Oct. 3, 1864, First Lieutenant Joseph E. Spear resigned and was discharged.
Oct. 4, 1864, Second Lieutenant Samuel H. Hamblett was promoted ist Lieut.
Charles M. Tripp of New Bedford was com. 2d Lieut.
1865.
April 13. 1865. Second Lieutenant Charles M. Tripp resigned and was discharged.
June 12, 1865. Captain Charles A. Phillips, First Lieut. Samuel H. Hamblet, Jun. First Lieut. Harrison O. Simonds, Second Lieut. Mason W. Page, resigned and were discharged. Battery mustered out.
DISCHARGED FOR PROMOTION.
Nov. 3, 1862, Quarter Master Sergeant Timothy W. Terry to be Second Lieutenant in 13th Mass. Battery.
June 4, 1863. Edward E. Rice. Special Order No. 219, War Department, June 3. 1863, to accept a commission.
July 3. 1863. First Lieutenant Frederic A. Lull to be Captain in 2d Mass. Heavy Artillery.
July 15, 1863, Sergeant John W. Morrison discharged to accept a commission.
Dec. 15, 1863, Sergeant Otis B. Smith to be First Lieu- tenant 2d Mass. Heavy Artillery.
March 8, 1864, Corporal Ephraim B. Nye to be Second Lieutenant 14th Mass. Battery.
March II, 1864, First Lieutenant Henry D. Scott to be
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Captain of the 16th Mass. Battery.
Sept. 19, 1864, Corporal Jonas Shackley and Corporal Elisha J. Gibbs, to be Second Lieutenants in the 4th Mass. Heavy Artillery.
Oct. 27. 1864. Wallace R. Ransom to be Second Lieuten- ant 29th Unattached Co., Mass. Heavy Artillery.
Twelve years after the war Captain Nathan Appleton and First Lieutenant John F. Murray held commissions in the famous and historic Battery A, Massachusetts Vol- unteer Militia, which in command of Captain Edward J. Jones went to the front Oct. 1, 1862, and served nine months as the rith Mass. Battery.
DIED FROM DISEASE WHILE IN SERVICE.
June 14, 1862, Corporal Henry C. Parsons, Gaines Mills, Va., Typhoid fever.
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