USA > Massachusetts > History of the Military company of the Massachusetts, now called the Ancient and honorable artillery company of Massachusetts. 1637-1888, Vol. II > Part 6
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March 26, 1745, the selectmen informed the town that the " Two hundred & Fifteen Fire Arms given to the Town by the honble Colo Thomas Fitch [1700] dec'd, were lately Impressed by the Government for the Service of the Expedition against Cape Breton." They were ordered to apply to the government for the full value of said arms.1
The fifth war between Great Britain and France was declared in March, 1744, and proclamation thereof was made in Boston two months later. "Europe rocked like the ocean on the lulling of a long storm, when the opposite wind has just sprung up, throwing the heaving billows into tumultuous conflict." 2
In May, 1744, the French surprised the little English garrison at Canseau, and its defenders were carried as prisoners to Louisburg. Near the close of the summer of 1744 they were released, and came to Boston on parole. After hearing their story, Gov. Shirley determined upon an expedition to reduce Louisburg, the French stronghold in America. The Legislature approved of the proposed expedition by a majority of only one vote ; but the people seemed to be enthusiastic in its favor, and the expedition gave promise of success. The rendezvous of the army was Boston, and two thousand and seventy men assembled here, who sailed for Louisburg March 24, 1745. Gov. Shirley commissioned as officers for the expedition, William Pepperrell, lieutenant-general and commander-in-chief ; Roger Wolcott, major-general ; Samuel Waldo, brigadier-general, and Joseph Dwight (1734), brigadier-general.
The following-named members of the Artillery Company were officers in the expedi- tion against Louisburg in 1745 : Joseph Dwight (1734) was commissioned colonel of the train of artillery, Feb. 20, 1744, brigadier-general, Feb. 20, 1745, and judge of the court of admiralty, June 20, 1745. According to the lists given in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, October, 1870, by Hon. Charles Hudson, Joseph Dwight (1734) was commissioned colonel and captain of the First Company of the Ninth Regi- ment of Massachusetts Volunteers on the Louisburg expedition, June 18, 1744, and brigadier-general, Feb. 20, 1745. In the First Massachusetts Regiment, Capt. John Storer (1739) was lieutenant-colonel and captain of the Third Company, commissioned Feb. 5, 1744 ; William Warner (1733) was captain-lieutenant of the Ninth Company, commissioned Feb. 5, 1744 ; John Butler (1745) was lieutenant of the Second Com- pany, commissioned Feb. 16, 1744; John Bridge (1751) was ensign of the Ninth Company, commissioned March 5, 1744; Joseph Goldthwait (1732) was adjutant of the First Regiment, commissioned March 12, 1744 The latter was promoted to brevet- captain March 20, 1744. In the Second Massachusetts Regiment, Benjamin Goldthwait (1740) was captain of the Fourth Company, commissioned Feb. 9, 1744. In the Third Massachusetts Regiment, Christopher Marshall (1724) was captain of the Third Com-
1 See Vol. I., p. 433, of this history, in regard to these fire-arms.
" Bancroft's Hist. of the United States, Vol. III., p. 451.
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[1745
HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND
pany, commissioned Feb. 15, 1744, and Estes Hatch (1711) was captain of the Tenth Company, commissioned Feb. 4, 1744. In the Fifth Massachusetts Regiment, Benjamin White (1722) was adjutant, commissioned March 16, 1744. In the Seventh Massachu- setts Regiment, Jonathan Carey (1740) was captain of the Ninth Company, commis- sioned Feb. 14, 1744. In the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment, William Williams (1733) was lieutenant-colonel and captain of the Second Company, commissioned June 1, 1745, and Nathaniel Thwing (1736 and 1761) was major and captain of the Third Company, commissioned June 1, 1745. In the Ninth Massachusetts Regiment, Samuel Jackson (1733) was ensign, commissioned July 5, 1745. In the train of artillery, Joseph Dwight (1734) was colonel, Joseph Sherburne (1745), who was commissioned as captain of a company in the New Hampshire Regiment, June 6, 1744, was commissioned store- keeper of his Majesty's ordnance Dec. 1, 1745. Dr. William Rand (1732) was one of the surgeons of the expedition, and was commissioned March 9, 1744. Under the head of "House Carpenters," Matthew Barnard (1734) is given as commissioned captain, March 16, 1744. Benjamin Goldthwait (1740) was agent for Col. Waldo's regiment, May 20, 1746 ; John Adams (1740) was a member of the Third Company, First Massa- chusetts Regiment ; William Moor (1749) was a sergeant of the Fifth Company.
July 2, 1745, a messenger arrived in Boston announcing the capture of Louisburg. On the morning of July 3 the news was announced to the people of the town by three discharges of musketry by the militia of Boston. In the evening the people held a carnival of joy, bonfires were built, and the town was illuminated. July 18 was observed as a day of thanksgiving.
Gov. Shirley landed at the Castle at 4 P. M., Nov. 8, and was received with a salute of twenty-one guns. He passed the night there, and on the next morning pro- ceeded in the Castle barge to the town. He was accompanied by several officers who came with him from Louisburg, being saluted all the way by the ships in the harbor and the town battery. At twelve o'clock at noon he landed at Long Wharf, amidst a great crowd of people, and was welcomed by the officers of the province and the town. He was formally received by the Boston regiment, under command of Col. Jacob Wendell (1733), a troop of the regiment of horse, commanded by Col. Estes Hatch (1711), and the company of Cadets, under command of Col. Benjamin Pollard (1726).
This expedition, which contained many members of the Artillery Company, was pre-eminently a colonial enterprise. The expense was finally borne by the British gov- ernment, which, Sept. 18, 1749, delivered to the province at Boston two hundred and fifteen chests and one hundred casks, containing one hundred and eighty-three thousand six hundred and forty-nine pounds two shillings and seven and a half pence as the expense of the expedition. For the adjustment of accounts, the rolls were sent to Eng- land and were never returned.
In addition to the loss in the land forces, the town complained, March 11, 1745-6, that the seamen impressed for his Majesty's ships, and those who had fled for protection from impressment, added to those who went in the sea service to Cape Breton, amounted to more than three thousand men. The committee also added, " Boston is the metropo- lis of that province who has been the principal in the reduction of Cape Breton, which, added to her former military achievements for loyalty, justly sets her at the head of his Majesty's provinces ; that those other provinces, New Hampshire and Connecticut excepted, have borne no part of the burthen of the war." 1
1 Report of Boston Rec. Com., No. 14, pp. 84, 85.
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HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.
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The members of the Artillery Company recruited in 1745 were : William Baker, Jeremiah Belknap, Jr., John Butler, Eneas Mackay, Benjamin Russell, Joseph Sherburne, Benjamin Walcott, John Wendell, 3d, John West, John Wilson.
William Baker (1745), tobacconist, of Marshfield and Boston, was published to marry Sarah Perkins, Nov. 29, 1739. She was the widow of Isaac Perkins, goldsmith, of Boston. Mr. Perkins died prior to Nov. 1, 1737, and William Baker (1745) was appointed administrator of his estate, May 31, 1746.
Nov. 13, 1764, William Baker (1745) became a member of the engine company of which Joseph Putnam was master, and, March 27, 1765, he was assessed six shillings as his proportion for the repairing of the pump standing on the town's land in Cornhill (corner Court and Washington streets). He was chosen constable in 1743-4, but paid the fine ; clerk of the market in 1746, and scavenger in 1749. He died Dec. 9, 1785, aged eighty-one years.
1142462
Jeremiah Belknap, Jr. (1745), of Boston, son of Jeremiah (1711), grandson of Joseph (1692), and great-grandson of Joseph (1658), was born in Boston, Feb. 10, 1720. His brother Joseph joined the Artillery Company in 1742. Jeremiah (1745) married, June 30, 1748, Mary Rand. He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1748 and 1754, and ensign in 1763. He joined the Old South Church Nov. 8, 1741. Nov. 27, 1765, he was chosen by the selectmen of the town for usher of the North Latin School.
Jeremiah Belknap, Jr. (1745), was chosen constable in 1751, but was excused ; scavenger in 1763 and 1770, and clerk of the market in 1764; was one of the census takers in August, 1776. Feb. 6, 1777, a committee of thirty-six persons, " not in trade," was selected by the town, "to aid and assist the selectmen and committees of corre- spondence, inspection, and safety, by information," etc., to carry into effect certain acts, - of which committee Mr. Belknap (1745), representing Ward 8, was one. Capt. Thomas Adams (1765), Russell Sturgis (1786), and Job Wheelwright (1759), were also members of this committee. May 22, 1777, he was the first drawn juror " for a special court for the trial of such persons as the town has represented to be inimical to these States and dangerous to the public safety." He was devoted to the interests of the colonies during the Revolutionary War, and died April 17, 1796, at his residence on Cornhill, in Boston.
John Butler (1745), cooper, of Boston, son of Matthew and Sarah Butler, was born in Boston, Dec. 29, 1710. His brother Joseph joined the Artillery Company in 1742. John Butler (1745) was lieutenant of the Second Company, First Massachusetts Regi- ment, on the Cape Breton expedition. He died in June, 1748.
Eneas Mackay (1745) was published, Oct. 21, 1743, to marry Elizabeth Bon- garden. March 25, 1745, he was elected constable, but was excused, and March 9, 1746, was elected scavenger. He is called "Captain " in the records of the selectmen of Boston, Nov. 27, 1765. He resided in that part of the town called "New Boston," which included Cambridge and Green streets and vicinity. Jan. 13, 1747-8, he became a member of the First Lodge, A. F. and A. M., in Boston, and subsequently was accepted in the Master's Lodge.
William Baker (1745). AUTHORITY: Boston Records.
Jeremiah Belknap, Jr. (1745). AUTHORITY : Boston Records.
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HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND
[1745
Benjamin Russell (1745), housewright, of Boston, son of Joseph (1722) and Susan- nah Russell, was born March 10, 1697. He was published to marry Elizabeth Belknap, Oct. 26, 1727. He was elected constable in 1731, but was excused ; was re-elected, and served in 1732. He served as fence-viewer in 1731, 1732, 1733, and 1734, from 1747 to 1750 inclusive, and from 1755 to 1759 inclusive. He estimated the cost of the new market houses in 1733, and was elected a viewer of shingles, etc., in 1743, 1744, and 1754, but was excused the latter year.
His father, Joseph Russell (1722), hired a part of the gun-house on the Common, March 1, 1725-6, which was afterward occupied by Benjamin (1745). The latter was warned out by the selectmen, May 26, 1736, as they esteemed the gun-house large enough to store the guns in, and also serve as a barn for the town bulls and for the hay with which to feed them. June 23, 1736, Benjamin Russell (1745) petitioned the select- men for permission "to set up the Old Bull House, near the South School-house, for a shop." He appears, however, to have retained possession of the gun-house, and, July 28, 1742, he notified the selectmen "that he had no further occasion to improve the gun- house on the Common."
Nov. 10, 1730, he resided on Milk Street. Feb. 25, 1735, he purchased of the selectmen the breastwork of the North Battery for seventeen pounds. May 4, 1737, he erected for the town a pound, "in the northeast corner of a pasture belonging to the heirs of the late Hon. Thomas Fitch [1700]," and March 12, 1738-9, he asked liberty of the town " to fill up Wheeler's Pond, in Pond Street." This so-called pond was in the vicinity of the present Bedford Street.
His son Thomas joined the Artillery Company in 1769. Capt. Benjamin (1745) died in Boston, July 9, 1760, aged sixty-three years. He was buried in the Granary Burial-Ground.
Joseph Sherburne (1745), storekeeper, of Boston, was probably from Portsmouth, N. H. A Joseph Sherburne was published to marry Mary Watson, of Boston, Feb. 21, 1733; and Joseph Sherburne married Eunice Hubbard, Feb. 2, 1737. Joseph Sherburne was published Nov. 21, 1750, to marry Mary Plaisted, of Salem.
March 25, 1735, he subscribed fifteen pounds, " to be paid in goods at money price," towards the erection of the new workhouse. He was chosen clerk of the market in 1736 and 1737, and constable in 1742. He visited the public schools, with the jus- tices, June 28, 1748, and June 29, 1753. He was chosen, June 3, 1746, one of a com- mittee " to raise a subscription for building or purchasing a house for the reception of distracted persons"; was an overseer of the poor in 1751 and 1753-5, and, May 15, 1764, was chosen "to consider what measures may be proper for the preservation of Beacon Hill." In 1773, Paddy's Alley, running from Ann Street to Middle, was widened (now North Centre Street, between North and Hanover streets), and Joseph Sher- burne (1745) was paid seven pounds for his "loss of land and damage" thereby.1 March 30, 1757, Mr. Joseph Sherburne (1745), having let a tenement to John Corny and family, from Marblehead, without informing the selectmen, was fined forty shillings
Benjamin Russell (1745). AUTHORITY : Bos- ton Records.
Joseph Sherburne (1745). AUTHORITY :
Boston Records.
1 Other members of the Company owning prop-
erty on this alley were : Jacob Emmons (1738), who was awarded thirty-five pounds; William Simpkins (1739), five pounds; Asa Stoddard (1765), who was assessed two pounds, and Joseph Jackson (1738), one pound.
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HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.
1745]
for the breach of the law. He was appointed a justice of the peace May 23, 1760, and reappointed Nov. 5, 1761.
Nov. 12, 1746, he received Masonic degrees in the First Lodge in Boston, now called "St. John's Lodge." He served as second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1749.
Benjamin Walcott (1745), blacksmith, of Boston, was clerk of the market in Boston in 1732 and 1741, and constable in 1733.
John Wendell, 3d (1745), ship-chandler, son of Isaac and Catalyna (Van Dyck) Wendell, of Albany, N. Y., nephew of Abraham Wendell, who died in Boston in 1734, and of Col. Jacob Wendell (1733), and a cousin of Col. John Wendell (1733) and of Major John Wendell, Jr. (1735), was baptized Nov. 15, 1718. He was brought up in the counting-room of Jacob (1733) and John (1733) Wendell, and became a merchant and importer, doing an extensive business with the West Indies.
John Wendell, "Tertius" (1745), was chosen a constable of Boston for the year 1753, which seems to be the only town office he ever held. He was interested in the militia, and rose to the grade of lieutenant. He was buried in Boston, Nov. 12, 1755.
John West (1745), retailer, of Boston, was a son of John and Mary West, and married Elizabeth -. He was constable in 1733, and was sworn ; was re-elected in 1748, but declined to serve and paid the fine. Oct. 13, 1740, he was approved and recommended by the selectmen as a retailer of beer, cider, etc., at his shop on Middle Street, now Hanover. Two years later, the license for the same shop was granted to Mary West. John West (1745) was clerk of the Artillery Company in 1745 and 1746, and second sergeant in 1748. Administration was granted on his estate in 1750.
John Wilson (1745), son of John and Mary Wilson, was born Jan 21, 1707. He is not mentioned on the records of the town of Boston. He was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1750.
The record of the Artillery Company for 1745 is as follows : -
" April 5th, 1745, Friday. The weather proving unsuitable on Monday, we, by our Charter, were obliged to appear this day, and, being under arms, Voted that the Rev. Mr. Thomas Prentice of Charlestown be desired to preach the next Election sermon, and that the field officers of the Regiment of the town of Boston, with the present com- mission officers of the Company, be a committee to wait on him and desire the same.
" May 7th. Being under arms, the Captain being one of the committee appointed to wait on the Rev. Mr. Thomas Prentice to desire him to preach the next Election sermon, made report to the Company, that he had accepted the same. The evening being spent at Serg't Greenoughs [1740], the four following votes were passed. rst. That an allowance of twenty pounds be added to the standing sum of thirty pounds, to make up in the whole the sum of fifty pounds, old tenor, be paid out of the Treasury to the com- mission officers towards defraying their charge on the next Election day. 2dly. That the charge of every member's dinner on the next Election day be defrayed by the Com-
John Wendell, 3d (1745). AUTHORITIES: Boston Records; Talcott's Gen. Notes of New York and New Eng .; New Eng. Hist. and Gen. Reg., 1882.
Records. John West (1745). AUTHORITY : Boston
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HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND
[1746
pany, and that the Treasurer pay for the same. 3dly. That the field officers of the Regiment of this town of Boston, with the commission officers of this Company, be a committee to provide a dinner on the next Election day for the Company. 4thly. That the time appointed hereafter, on the whole days in May & September only, shall be at ten o'clock, A. M. and the members not appearing at that time ready to march, shall be liable to a fine of sixpence, new tenor.
"June 3d. The Company being under arms, it was voted, that the old commission officers with the new ones elected this day, and the field officers of the Regiment of Boston, be a committee to wait on the Rev. Mr. Thomas Prentice, and return the thanks of this Company to him for his sermon preached to them this day.
"October 7th. The Company being at the house of Lieut. John Carnes [1733], it was there voted, that the sum of five pounds, old tenor, be given to Mr. John Dixwell [1741], the former Clerk, for his services done for the Company."
Rev. Thomas Prentice, of Charlestown, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 1745.1 He was a son of Thomas and Mary (Batson) Prentice, and was born in Cam- bridge, Mass., Dec. 9, 1702. He graduated at Harvard College in 1726, became minister at Arundel, Me., in 1730, and was installed over the First Church in Charles- town, Oct. 3, 1739. He married (1) Irene Emery, of Wells; she died in 1745, and he married (2)* Rebecca Austin, of Charlestown, Oct. 16, 1746; she died in 1748, and he married (3) Mary Butman, of York, Me, who survived him. On the destruction of Charlestown in 1775, Rev. Mr. Prentice moved to Cambridge, occupied the house in which he was born, and resided there until his death.
After an interval of three years, - 1775-8, - the people to a considerable number having returned, public worship was re-established in Charlestown, "under the minis- try of the now aged Prentice," in a block house "erected by the enemy." He continued in this service with this people until infirmity of body and mind obliged him to desist. He died, June 17, 1782, at Cambridge, but the people of his parish bore his remains to Charlestown and buried them.
1746. The officers of the Artillery Company elected in 1746 . were : Daniel Henchman (1712), captain; Ebenezer Storer (1732), lieutenant ; Joseph Jackson (1738), ensign. John Nichols (1740) was first sergeant ; Thomas Snow (1741), second sergeant ; Joseph Butler (1742), third sergeant ; Joseph Belknap (1742), fourth sergeant, and John West (1745), clerk.
March 31, 1746, Gillam Phillips (1714) proposed to the town to straighten Pudding Lane, near the town-house, by taking part of his land on the westerly side of his lane, which he was willing to give to the town. His proposal was accepted.
The collectors of taxes for this year were Capt. John Goldthwait (1720), Joseph
Rev. Thomas Prentice. AUTHORITIES : Bud- ington's Hist. of First Church, Charlestown; Paige's Hist. of Cambridge; Mem. Hist. of Boston, Vol. III. 1 " Monday last [June 3, 1745], being the an- niversary Day for electing the officers of the ancient and honourable Artillery Company of the Province, the Rev, Mr. Prentice, of Charlestown preach'd
before His Excellency, His Majesty's Council, and the said Company, after which the Company made Choice of the Hon. Jacob Wendell Esq [1733] Colonel of the Regiment in Boston, Capt; John Carnes [1733] for their Lieutenant and Capt John Codman [1733] their Ensign." - The Boston Even- ing Post, June 10, 1745.
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HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.
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White (1722), Capt. Andrew Cunningham (1720), Benjamin Edwards, Elias Dupee, father of Elias (1763), and William Larrabee.
April 8, 1746, it was determined by the town to place a battery of eight guns on Long Wharf, and one of four guns on Clarke's Wharf. May 14, 1746, Col. Jacob Wen- dell (1733), Samuel Welles, Col. John Hill, Col. William Downe (1716), John Fayer- weather, and Isaac White (1733) were appointed a committee to have the twelve gun carriages " made and finished."
There was a project for reducing Canada, in 1746, by Great Britain and the colonies. Men were liberally voted by the colonies : Massachusetts voted, May 31, 1746, to raise three thousand men, and actually enlisted two thousand. Great Britain did not send the promised fleet and army, and the levies for Canada were kept on foot until October, 1747, when they were dismissed. This proposed expedition cost Massachusetts sixty- eight thousand pounds before May, 1747, and much additional afterward. The troops were used in defending the frontiers.
There was much excitement in the colony, in the fall of 1746, caused by the intelli- gence that a large French fleet, having an army on board, all under the command of the Duke d'Anville, was on its way to attack Boston. The Essex regiments were ordered to Salem for the defence of that place. Within three days, from eight to ten thousand men assembled in Boston armed for its defence. One company, from Brookfield, made the march of seventy miles in two days, with provisions upon the back of each member estimated at the weight of a bushel of corn. William Prescott, of immortal fame, was clerk of the Groton company, which arrived in Boston in September, 1746. The alarm, however, proved to be false. The French expedition failed on account of the loss of vessels by tempests, and of men by a " pestilential fever." No roster of volunteers in this colonial army is known to exist ; but, doubtless, as on every other occasion of alarm or war, the members of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company were prompt to respond to duty's call, and ready for any emergency.
The members of the Artillery Company recruited in 1746 were : John Austin, Samuel Hendley, Alexander Hill, Thomas Lawlor, Samuel Livermore, and Samuel Swift.
John Austin (1746), carver, of Charlestown, son of James and Mary (Tufts) Austin, was born in that town Nov. 28, 1722. He married Susanna Schreech, Sept. 27, 1750. His parents died when he was young, and he was therefore compelled to care for him- self. He learned the carver's trade, and became an expert workman. Oct. 1, 1770, he removed to Boston, and resided there until his decease, which occurred about 1786, in which year the property he left was divided among his children.
His son, John, born April 17, 1756, was a soldier in the Revolution. He was a con- ductor of military stores from Jan. 1, 1777, and was commissioned second lieutenant in Col. Crane's regiment of artillery, May 17, 1780. In 1800 he was a tailor, on Lynn Street, Boston. John Austin (1746) was third sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1753.
Samuel Hendley (1746), distiller, of Charlestown, son of Samuel Hendley, Esq., of Charlestown, was born in 1718. He married, (1) Oct. 29, 1741, Elizabeth Cheever, daughter of Ezekiel (1733) ; (2) Oct. 4, 1762, Katharine Russell, who died Aug. 19,
John Austin (1746). AUTHORITIES: Wyman's Charlestown Genealogies and Estates; Memorials of the Mass. Society of the Cincinnati.
Samuel Hendley (1746). AUTHORITY : Wy- man's Charlestown Genealogies and Estates.
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HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND
[1746
1812, aged seventy-one years. He died Aug. 29, 1795, aged seventy-seven years. His daughter, Rebecca Tyng, married Hon. John Soley, son of John Soley (1757).
Col. Samuel (1746) became a member of the church at Charlestown, Aug. 11, 1751. He was treasurer of that town for many years, and was very wealthy. He was a soldier prior to the Revolution, and during the war rose to the rank of colonel. In Frothing- ham's "Siege of Boston," pages 287 and 288, he speaks of the attempt of the Americans to burn the houses remaining in Charlestown, used by the British. The enterprise was undertaken one evening, Jan. 8, 1776, when Gen. Howe was present at a theatrical entertainment in Boston, which presented "The Blockade of Boston." The effort on the part of the Americans proved successful, and Major Hendley (1746), with the other commanders, was " much praised for his good conduct on this occasion, and was thanked in the general orders of the next day." His will, dated Dec. 28, 1789, was probated Sept. 5, 1795. The inventory amounted to ten thousand five hundred and sixty-six pounds.
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