USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Berlin > History of the town of Berlin, Worcester county, Mass., from 1784 to 1895 > Part 10
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11
146
HISTORY OF THE
out of town, $25; to those in town, $8 for inside lots and $5 for outside."
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.
The first notice the people of the town had that hostilities had commenced was announced by our veteran expressman and stage driver, Amos Sawyer. The thrilling account of the attack on Fort Sumter was read from a Boston paper before the coach left the post office on the evening of April 12, 1861. It had been customary for some time for our townsmen to assemble on arrival of the mail. On this occasion more than the usual number were present, anxious to learn if the threatened intention of the rebels had been carried out.
This news created intense excitement throughout the town. The people were prepared in a measure to expect some rash and overt act on the part of our southern brethren, still they had hopes that return- ing reason or some fortuitous circumstances might arise to prevent actual hostilities. The people of the town were quite well united in opposition to the plotters of treason, and but few if any rebel sympa- thizers were in our midst; prudence dictated to them undoubtedly that safety and security for them- selves would be best secured by silence and seclusion. This unity of sentiment was highly favorable to that military enthusiasm which was quickened into inten- sity by the stirring events of April, 1861. The patriotic sentiment must have vent, must express itself in words and deeds not to be misunderstood, hence a meeting was called by the Selectmen at the old Town House on the Common May 6, 1861, at which
-
147
TOWN OF BERLIN.
it was informally proposed to raise a whole company in our representative district - Berlin, Bolton and Harvard .- and that the other towns be invited to join us. Projects for drilling were perfected. One said he understood "tick tacs" and could perform the duties of drill master. It was finally agreed that the able-bodied should meet and parade on the Common and then march to Northboro under com- mand of Captain C. S. Hastings, and show the Northboreans that the Berlineans were alive and ready for action, and eager to obtain recruits for the new company. The programme proposed was carried out, the march was made, and each man carried a musket-an old queen's arm or a rifle; the music-a fife and drum. Such was the effervescence of the first outburst of patriotic sentiment here at this time, there would have been no difficulty in enlisting a whole company perhaps; not all in town, but a few outsiders might have been necessary for a full com- plement, and that, too, without the large bounties afterwards paid.
The first official action taken by the town for the suppression of the Rebellion was on the 6th of May, 1861. The Selectmen for that year were: Henry D. Coburn, Silas Sawyer and George W. Maynard. At this meeting the sum of $2,000 was appropriated "for fitting out volunteers for the defense of the government," and chose the following committee for the expenditure of the money, viz .: Luther Peters, Abel W. Longley, Riley Smith, Eli Sawyer and William Bassett. The following resolutions, pre- sented by William Bassett, Esq., were read and adopted :
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HISTORY OF THE
Resolved, That the time has come for action, resolute, deter- mined, decided action; and that liberty imperilled, the laws defied, the Constitution trampled upon and the old flag trailed in the dust by traitorous hands, call in tones of thunder to every patriot to arm and strike a blow at once for liberty and law, for God and justice.
Resolved, That since governments were instituted among men, never was there less justification for rebellion than this which has been brought forth by a conspiracy more wicked than the world has ever seen, and all who shall give it aid and comfort by word or deed will be justly deserving the execration of all good and patriotic citizens.
Resolved, That we cheerfully accept the situation and will resolutely stand on our country's defense, and in proportion to our means and numbers will contribute of the same to the support of the government, until the old flag shall wave over the whole land as the emblem of equality, liberty and law.
The above action of the town was in response to the first call of the president for troops, made imme- diately after the fall of Fort Sumter, April 15, 1861, which was for 75,000 to serve for three months, and also to the second call, made May 3d, for 42,000 addi- tional volunteers, to serve for three years, or during the war.
The enlistment fever subsided in a measure when it was learned from Washington that no more volun- teers were needed, and that William H. Seward, secretary of state, and others in high authority expressed the opinion that the Rebellion would collapse within three months, but the battle of Bull Rull changed all of this. The magnitude of the contest was more apparent as time went on, until all could see that it was a life and death struggle for union and liberty.
149
TOWN OF BERLIN.
It appears by the report of the committee before named, made at the November meeting, 1861, "that they had paid thirty-four men $8 each." The enlist- ments to this date were mostly in the 13th, 15th, 22d and 25th Mass. Vols. None of our soldiers were in the first battle of Bull Run.
July 25, 1862. "Voted to pay the sum of $100 to each volunteer who may enlist in the service of the country to constitute the quota for the town of Berlin for three years' service."
August 23. "Voted to pay $100 to each volunteer required to fill the quota for the 300,000 volunteers for nine months' service, called for by the president of the United States, the $100 to be paid when they shall be mustered into the service of the United States. A committee of five was chosen to obtain the names of all persons engaged in the war, includ- ing names, ages, occupation."
November 4. "Voted that the Selectmen be instructed to contract with Adams Express Company to convey the bodies of those soldiers from this town who may die or be killed in battle, who may be delivered at their office, and the Selectmen furnish the express company with a list of names of the soldiers in service from this town."
November 3, 1863. "Voted to comply with the provision of section 9 of the act for reimbursement of bounties paid by towns to volunteers."
April 2, 1864. "Voted that the town appropriate $125 to pay each volunteer who may enlist in the service of the United States as a part of the quota of this town, or a like amount for recruiting purposes to fill the quota of this town."
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HISTORY OF THE
August 3. "Voted to pay the bounty in gold or its equivalent."
June 9, 1866. Soldiers' monument proposed.
The following committee was chosen to take the matter into consideration and report at a future meeting: Rev. W. A. Houghton, William Bas- sett, Israel Sawyer, Riley Smith, A. W. Longley. The committee reported in favor of a memorial hall instead of a monument, which report was accepted, and the same was built in connection with and as a part of the Town Hall building, and both were dedicated at the same time, March 2, 1870. The memorial address was by Rev. William A. Houghton, and was printed in pamphlet with the other exercises on that occasion. This address was largely devoted to a personal history of those who died during the war and a brief sketch of the sur- vivors. A fuller record of Berlin soldiers will hereafter appear in these pages, derived from the adjutant general's office and other sources.
The following is an extract from Adjutant General Schouler's history, "Massachusetts in the Rebellion":
"Berlin furnished 130 men for the war, which was a surplus of nine over and above all demands ; three were commissioned officers. The whole amount of money appropriated and expended by the town on account of the war, exclusive of state aid, was $14,013.22.
"The amount of money raised and expended by the town during the war for state aid to soldiers' families and repaid by the Commonwealth was as follows: In 1861, $296.25 ; in 1862, $1,773.32 ; in 1863, $2,883.05 ; in 1864, $3,589.30 ; in 1865, $2,691.44. Total amount, $11,233.36.
"The ladies of Berlin formed a soldiers' aid society, and did soldiers' work for the Sanitary Commission. They also col-
WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS.
MRS. GEO. H. ANDREWS. MRS. FRANCIS BABCOCK. MRS. J. H. CROSSMAN.
MRS. SARAII STRATTON. MRS. R. C. SAWYER.
MRS. PHIILO BRUCE. MRS. S. E. ANDREWS. MRS. J. Q. MAYNARD.
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TOWN OF BERLIN.
lected over $700 to purchase material to be made into under- clothing, socks and other garments for the soldiers. They met often, the average attendance being about sixty. The articles furnished were generally sent to the soldiers through the Sanitary and Christian Commissions."
THE PRESIDENT'S CALL FOR VOLUNTEERS-MASSA- CHUSETTS' QUOTAS-MEN FURNISHED.
President's call. Mass. Men furnished.
ISÓ1.
April 15, 3 months,
75,000 1,560
3,736 3 months
May 3, 6 mos., 1, 2, 3 yrs. 500,000
34,868
32,177
3 years
Congress approved Aug. 6, July 22, 25.
July 2, 3 years, IS62.
300,000
19,080
16,519
3 years
August 4, 9 months,
300.000
19,080
16,685 9 months
I S63.
June 15, 6 months,
103 6 months
October 17, 3 years, IS64.
500,000
26,597
17,7II
3 years
February 1, 3 years, men paid commutation
3,703
3 years
March 14, 3 years,
200,000
10,639
17,332
3 years
March 14, men paid commutation
1,615 3 years
Apr. 23 to July 18, must'd in 100 days, 4,000
6,809
100 days
6,990
I year
Julv 18,
500,000 21,965
108
2 years
24,641
3 years
1,535
I year
December 19,
300,000
1,306
2,349
3 years
2
4 years
-
-
43
2 years
Massachusetts' quota, 139,095 ; furnished, 146,730.
WAR MEETINGS.
Prior to 1864 the voluntary enlistments had been sufficient to nearly fill all quotas called for, but the later calls of the president for 500,000 and 300,000 during this year necessitated going into the market for
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HISTORY OF THE
recruits. Home enlistments had ceased, and all had gone who could well leave their families or had an inclination to enter the service, hence Berlin, like most other towns, had to buy recruits by paying large bounties. Meetings were frequently held at the old Town House on the Common to devise ways and means to fill the quotas and escape the draft. Per- sons liable to the draft contributed $50 each to the general fund to pay the bounties required in filling the last calls of the president.
The last enlistments of citizens of special note was on January 5, 1864, of Tyler Paine, John Robins, George E. Maynard, Oliver P. Wheeler and Rufus R. Wheeler (enlisted, but Rufus didn't go). This was a "time that tried men's souls," and men's pockets as well of those that staid at home. The last quotas were filled through Boston agencies in Washington, mostly of discharged soldiers of other states. After filling the last calls the enrolled militia felt an inex- pressible sense of relief in the belief that the beginning of the end had come, for the backbone of the Rebellion had been broken at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, and General Grant was in command of the armies.
THE PERSONAL HISTORY OF THOSE WHO DIED IN THE SERVICE.
CAPTAIN " C. S. HASTINGS," a name for years as familiar in Berlin as the name of the town, properly heads the death roll of our deceased soldiers. Christopher Sawyer Hastings, son of Ephraim and Achsah Hastings, was born in Lancaster, now Clin- ton, in 1814. Moses was the name by which he was called till he became of age, when he changed it to
DECEASED SOLDIERS.
-
-
CHARLES C. WRIGHT. JAMES BAKRY. THOMAS F. RATHBUN.
WILLIAM H. COBURN. CAPT. C. S. HASTINGS. EDWIN BIGELOW.
J. FRANK CARTER. LEMUEL GOTT, JR. JAMES M. BULLARD.
WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS.
MRS. S. C. CHAMBERLIN. MRS. OLIVE CARTER, MRS. AMORY L. MAYNARD. MRS. EMMA HUNTING.
MRS. O. K. UPHAM. MRS, JESSIE SNOW JOHNSON.
MRS. ALBERT BABCOCK, MRS. JOHN ROSE. MRS. GEO, H. BRUCE, MRS. FRED. MILLER.
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TOWN OF BERLIN.
Christopher. His childhood and youth were spent in Boylston, whither his parents removed. At twenty-one years he came to Berlin, his father hav- ing purchased the Nathan Johnson estate. In 1840 he settled himself in the family state with Miss Cordelia Bigelow of Marlboro, on the homestead which he so much adorned in various improvements. He was a citizen in the true sense, active and enter- prising-a man of cheerful social habits, and public- spirited as a townsman. His fellow-citizens be- stowed upon him important trusts, which he ever met with fidelity. At the opening of the war his age exempted him from military service. His offer- ing was voluntary. True, he had much at stake, with others. But he had no doubt of the final issue, yet he would not withhold his own personal service. He enlisted in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass. Vols., and entered into the service as captain, September, 1862. The regiment was about Harper's Ferry awhile, and the upper Potomac; then at Fredericksburg, and under fire in that battle, but not engaged. Their next service was in the southwestern department. Capt. Hastings was with his regiment in the siege of Vicksburg, and three days in the engagement at Jackson. Here he sickened, and was left behind the regiment, on its return to Kentucky. He recovered, and wrote his last letter at Memphis, returning to his regiment. Was taken sick again, and died at Mound City, Ill., September 8th, 1863, at forty-nine years of age.
THOMAS F. RATHBURN, son of Solomon H. and Hannah Rathburn, was born in Bolton 1841. Rath- burn made the first regular enlistment of our soldiers,
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HISTORY OF THE
though he did not go on that enlistment. July 4th, 1861, he was enrolled in Co. F, 13th Regt., Mass. Vols. The early service of the regiment was tedious in marches. On the upper Potomac, on picket duty, he contracted a fever, of which he died at Win- chester, March 14th, 1862, at twenty years of age. His remains, the first of our death harvest in the war, were sent home in charge of his fellow soldier, Corporal S. M. Haynes, and were buried in our own cemetery.
CHARLES H. MAYNARD, son of Charles H. and Priscilla Maynard (Mrs. Reuben Babcock), was born in Stow April 11th, 1835. Resident here at the outbreak of the war, he was among the first to enlist for our defense. He joined Co. E, 13th Regt., Mass. Vols., in July, 1861. He zealously followed the fortunes of this brave regiment in all its perils and hard service of movements and battles, till the memorable day of Gettysburg, when he was taken prisoner. Exchanged, he declined in health, and died in the service of the invalid corps, at Douglas Hospital, Washington, D. C., January 24th, 1864, at twenty-eight years of age. His grave is in our own cemetery.
ALONZO F. HOWE, son of Lyman and Rebecca Howe, was born in Marlboro March 24th, 1831. Just before the war he raised here his domestic sanctuary, and gathered his little family around him. He enlisted in Co. H, 29th Regt., Mass. Vols., December 23d, 1861. He was unable, much of the time, to do field duty, but was with his regiment at the siege of Vicksburg. Returning, he was taken sick on the way, and died at Camp Denison, Cin-
.
DECEASED SOLDIERS.
1
HOLLIS L. JOHNSON. EZRA BARTLETT. J. N. P. JOHNSON.
CHARLES D. STARKEY. WILLIAM FLORENCE. SILAS F. GODDARD,
GEORGE H. BOWERS. SAMUEL A. SNOW. N. M. ALLEN,
سياسي جلي
MRS, W. T. BABCOCK. MRS, JOS, STAPLES. MRS. JOHN A. MERRILL.
MISS URSULA B. STEVENS. MRS. CITAS. II. BLISS. MRS. S. II. MERRILL,
MRS. BENJ. S. WALKER. MRS. JOHN L. DAY. MRS. J. M. DEWEY.
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TOWN OF BERLIN.
cinnati, September 7th, 1863, aged thirty-two years. His remains were brought to this place for burial.
SILAS F. JILLSON (misnamed Gilsom on tablet), son of Wheaton C. and Eliza B. Jillson, was born in Richmond, N. H., May 24th, 1836. Living in this town at the opening of the war, he readily enlisted for the town in Co. I, 25th Regt., Mass. Vols., October 20th. 1861. Jillson was the first of our soldiers to receive a wound,-this at Roanoke Island. He re- enlisted and continued in the service through the war, but died at Charlotte, N. C., July 14th, 1865, aged twenty-nine years.' He received a second wound in the summer of 1864.
SILAS E. GODDARD, son of Ephraim and Sophia Goddard, was born in Berlin March 24th, 1832. A retiring, modest youth, a dutiful son, of infirm health, he nevertheless was urgent to go at the call of his country ; he enlisted in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass. Vols. Was in the Vicksburg campaign, but sunk in sickness on return to Kentucky, and died at Camp Nelson September 10th, 1863, at twenty-one years of age. His letters were full of courage, though comrades affirm that he was often really un- able to do duty.
GEORGE IRA CARTER, son of Ira and Hannah Carter, was born in Berlin. He enlisted August 6th, 1862, in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass. Vols. Among the youngest of all our soldier boys, he followed closely the service of his regiment, and was in all its engagements. Was wounded at Poplar Spring Church, Va., being shot through the left lung; was taken prisoner, and died at Petersburg September 30th, 1864, twenty years old. It is related of him
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HISTORY OF THE
that in battle, the regiment being under fire, he re- fused to lie down at orders, but stood till the word of " charge " was given, when he tossed his gun in air and caught it as he plunged with the rest into the deadly strife.
HOLLIS L. JOHNSON, son of Lewis H. and Mary Johnson, was born in Berlin June 7th, 1838. Spent most of his youth among us. Enlisted in Co. F, 13th Regt., Mass. Vols., 1862. He was in constant service till his death, which occurred at the second battle of Bull Run, August 30th, 1862. A long and painful suspense hung over his parents and friends as to his lot in that battle. Up to this point he had kept up frequent correspondence with the family at home.
THOMAS HASTINGS, son of Reuben and Hannah Hastings, born in Berlin January 24th, 1818. Married Elizabeth T. Houghton of Bolton, in which town he resided some years. Enlisted in Co. C, 15th Regt., Mass. Vols. He went through the Peninsular campaign, and was through the battle of Antietam, from which only fifteen of the company came out. A ball passing through both his legs above the knee, he was left upon the field. He succeeded in reach- ing an old barn with others, where they remained four days, helping each other as they could, when they were removed to Campbell Hospital, Phila- delphia. Chronic diarrhea having set in, he died October 23d, 1862, at forty-four years of age.
NATHAN B. GARFIELD was born in Shrewsbury. His youth was spent partly in Amherst, N. H. He came to this place from Marlboro, a diffident and retiring young man, the last of all, we should have
DECEASED SOLDIERS.
EDWIN J. KICH. GEORGE E. MAYNARD, WILLIAM H. HORTON.
GEORGE J. CARTER. AUGUSTUS L. HASTINGS, TYLER PAINE.
HOMER E. STONE. S. F. JILLSON. GEORGE C. WHEELER,
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TOWN OF BERLIN.
said, to make a soldier. But none was more ready at duty's call for any conflict. Repeatedly rejected for bodily frailty, his spirit burned to serve his country. Was finally accepted in Co. I, 25th Regt., Mass. Vols., July, 1862. Garfield served his regi- ment mainly in the hospital. Yet nothing but the field would satisfy his zeal. The field he took, and on the field he fell at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 16th, 1864, aged twenty-nine years. He was tenderly buried by his fellow soldier, Eli Sawyer, Jr., of this town.
WILLIAM H. COBURN, son of Henry D. and Hannah Coburn, was born in Berlin, 1841. Very thoughtfully, and with parental consent, he enlisted in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass. Vols., August 6th, 1862. From the battle of Fredericksburg he accompanied the regiment to the siege of Vicksburg; was taken sick after the battle of Jackson, and was brought to Portsmouth Grove Hospital, R. I. Was again on duty in the battle of the Wilderness, in which he was wounded in a charge on the enemy's works May 6th, 1862. The wound was in the thigh. After many removals, with great suffering, he was brought to Campbell Hospital, Washington, where he died September 18th, 1862, aged twenty-one years. He had the great consolation of his brother's attendance in his last days.
JAMES H. BARRY was born in Nova Scotia 1844. Spent his youth under the fatherly care of Henry D. Coburn of this town. He eagerly enlisted in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass. Vols., July, 1862. Barry was. in the battles of the regiment at Fredericksburg, Vicksburg, Jackson, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania,
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HISTORY OF THE
North Anna, Cold Harbor, and was instantly killed on picket duty, in front of Petersburg, July Ist, 1864, the ball passing through his right arm and body. He exclaimed, "My God, my God !" and ceased to breathe. His fellow soldier, Ansel Snow, assisted in his proper burial beside the Norfolk & Petersburg railroad. Aged twenty years.
SAMUEL A. SNOW, adopted son of Ansel Snow of Berlin, was born in Milford, son of Samuel A. and Susan Salsbury, 1845. Enlisted in Co. I, 25th Regt., Mass. Vols., October 14th, 1861, and followed closely the service of his regiment. Was in battle at Roa- noke Island, Newbern, Kingston, Whitehall, Golds- boro, Port Walthall, Arrowfield Church, N. C. Re- enlisted as veteran when the regiment came to Virginia, and was taken prisoner at Drury's Bluff May 27th, 1864. He endured the cruelties of Libby and Andersonville until October, when he was taken to Savannah, thence to Florence, S. C., where he died December Ist at the age of nineteen. Such was the soldier life of a timid, retiring boy, hardly known among us, only as a pupil in our schools.
GEORGE H. BOWERS was born in Boston. Came to this town a stranger, with his family, two years before the war. Enlisted in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass. Vols., September, 1862. Died of disease at Coving- ton, Ky., September 30th, 1863, aged thirty-six years. Particulars of his death unknown.
EDWIN J. BIGELOW, son of Horace and Almina Bigclow, early enlisted in service of his country, in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass., Vols., but was discharged on account of ill health. Re-enlisted 1864 in 6Ist Regt., Mass. Vols., and was killed in making a
DECEASED SOLDIERS.
ASSEL L. SNOW. JOHN KOBRINS. LEWIS F. HOWE. JAMES F. RATUBUN.
EDWARD B. HARTSHORN. W. I. STETSON. REUBEN A DERBY.
ALONZO F. HOWE. CHARLES MI. SNOW. CHARLES H. MAYNARD. N. B. GARFIELD.
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TOWN OF BERLIN.
charge on the enemy's works in front of Petersburg, Va .. April 2d, 1865 ; aged twenty years.
RUFUS H. WILLIAMS, son of Rufus and Sarah Williams, born in Bolton 1843, was not liable to military duty, but was urgent to go, and enlisted in Co. I. 25th Regt., Mass. Vols., 1861. Died of dis- ease at Georgetown, D. C., April 4th, 1862, at the age of nineteen years.
HENRY P. RICH, son of James and Sally Rich, was born in Northboro 1845. Enlisted 1864 in Co. D, 4th Battalion Heavy Artillery, at Fort Independ- ence, where he died of disease August 11th, 1865, at the age of twenty years.
TYLER PAINE, born in Smithfield, R. I., had been a citizen of Berlin some years. At enlistment he had four motherless children. He nevertheless gave himself to his country in her need. Enlisted in Co. B. 3d Mass. Cavalry. The regiment was in the Red River expedition, from which, on return to New Orleans, Mr. Paine died of disease, June 15th, 1864, aged forty years. Enlisted January 5th, 1864.
HOMER E. STONE, son of Isaac and Martha Stone, was born in Berlin June 24th, 1843. The health of his parents kept him awhile from enlistment. He finally joined the 4th Regt., Mass. Cavalry, Co. E, September, 1863. His frequent letters are full of patriotism and affection. "I know," he says, " the cause I am in is right, as sure as there is a God." " I am reconciled to my lot." He remitted many drawings of his own, representing forts and scenery about the James. His service was short. In June, 1864, he contracted disease of which he died July 24th, near Petersburg, aged twenty-one years.
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HISTORY OF THE
LAFAYETTE WARDEN was born in Illinois. Name of parents unascertained. His home among us was principally with Mr. Harvey D. Carter. Was mus- tered into service in Co. C, 15th Regt., Mass. Vols. Died of wounds at Washington, D. C., June 15th, 1864, aged twenty-two years. He attained to the rank of first duty sergeant.
WATSON WILSON, son of James and Persis Wil- son. Enlisted in Co. I, 36th Regt., Mass. Vols., August 27th, 1862. Died of wounds received at Cold Harbor June 3d, 1864. Was in all the battles of the regiment.
CHARLES D. STARKEY, son of Anthony S. and Martha Starkey, was born in Berlin July 18th, 1838. He spent his youth among us. His health was not firm, but he enlisted in 1862 in Co. I, 5th Regt., Mass. Vols., for nine months' service. He was in the several engagements of his regiment in North Caro- lina, but sickened and died at Newbern May 26th, 1863, aged twenty-five years. His comrades testify to his voluntary over-exertions, by which sickness was induced.
LEMUEL GOTT, Jr., son of Dr. Lemuel and Mary Gott, born in Rockport, Cape Ann, February 20th, 1840, came to this town with his father's family in 1855. He graduated at the Normal School, West- field, in 1862 ; afterwards was principal of the high school in Danville, Il1. In the midst of great use- fulness, sickness compelled him to resign. Recover- ing, he was eager for the field. As a trial of strength he enlisted in Co. I, 5th Regt., Mass. Vols., for one hundred days' service. Suffering a sunstroke, his health failed, fever set in, and he died in the hospital at
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