USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Manchester > History of the town of Manchester, Essex County, Massachusetts, 1645-1895 > Part 18
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Horace M. Osborn. Drowned by accidentally falling from the steamer on his way to Newbern, N. C., June 18, 1863.
Samuel S. Hooper. Died of fever in Newbern, N. C., Apr. 13, 1862.
Albert S. Dow. Died at Beaufort, S. C., Sept. 14, 1863.
James H. Lee. Died in Newbern, N. C., Aug. 27, 1862, of in- flammation of brain.
Charles L. Parsons. Died of chronic diarrhoea, Feb. 7, 1864. Samuel L. Pert. Died Oct. 24, 1863, soon after arriving liome.
Stephen A. Ferguson. Died July 19, 1863, of fever con- tracted in Newbern, at home only a few days.
Joseph A. Morgan. Died July 3, 1863, four days after arriv- ing home, of fever and exhaustion.
George E. Andrews. Died near Washington, Sept. 26, 1864, of chronic diarrhoea.
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APPENDIX F.
Samuel Goodridge, Jr. Died in prison in Florence, S. C., Feb. 5, 1865.
Oliver F. Stone. Died in prison in Georgia; taken prisoner while on shore in naval service.
William H. Woodbury. Died on board of sloop-of-war Hart- ford, Sept. 7, 1862, off the coast of Florida, of fever.
Four were killed in battle, as follows: -
Ariel P. Crowell, Jr., at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 27, 1862.
Isaac F. Allen, at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862.
William Bourke, at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862.
Edward S. West, near the Weldon Railroad, Va., Ang. 16, 1864.
Two died from wounds received in action:
Hardy P. Murray, wounded July 1st, at the battle of Gettys- burg; died July 8, 1863.
Benjamin Allen, Jr., wounded by a shell while under fire near the Weldon Railroad, Va., Aug. 23, 1864; was conveyed to Washington and died Aug. 29.
Discharged from service by reason of disease contracted while there, and wounds received in action:
Laban F. Cushing,
George A. Brown, Jr.,
William H. Hooper,
David Shepard,
Julius F. Rabardy, Amnos K. Flowers,
Henry P. Kitfield,
William H. Haskell,
Thomas McCormick, Jacob H. Dow,
James E. Dustin,
Edward V. Wells,
Daron W. Morse, Gilman D. Andrews,
Frederic W. Martin, George W. Stanley,
Hiram Wagner, William Miles,
Edwin P. Stanley,
Thomas G. Murphy,
John C. Douglass,
Larkin W. Story,
Benjamin F. Tuek, Daniel S. Pert,
Samuel W. Tuck,
Samuel N. Lendall.
Whole number wounded by the enemy, and now living: 1
Charles Juhnke, in the hand.
William H. Hooper, lost an arm at Gettysburg.
Julius F. Rabardy, lost a leg at Antietam.
Daron W. Morse, shot through the body in action at Glen- dale, June 30, 1862.
1 Mar. 19, 1866.
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HISTORY OF MANCHESTER.
Frederic W. Martin, lost a leg in action at Glendale, June 30, 1862. 1
Charles Cross, slightly at the battle of the Wilderness.
Samuel Driver, Jr., severely at Antietam, and the battle of the Wilderness.
Edwin P. Stanley, severely in leg at Glendale, June 30, 1862. John C. Douglass, lost an arm at first Fredericksburg.2
Dennis Donnovan, wounded at the battle of Whitehall, N. C., Dec. 16, 1862, and at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864.
Stephen B. Allen, at the battle of Whitehall, N. C., Dec. 16, 1862.
Jacob E. Ayers, in action at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 18, 1864. Robert T. Lucas, at the taking of Newbern.
Charles E. Lee, in action at Olustee, Fla.
George H. Story, at the battle of Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864.3
Luther F. Allen, slightly at the battle of Kingston, N. C. ,
John H. Meader, at Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864, and at Hatcher's Run, Va., Feb. 4, 1865-serious.
Samuel N. Lendall, lost an arm at the battle of Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864.
John H. Boynton, at Charlestown, Va., Aug. 29, 1864.
Jacob H. Dow, lost a leg in the attack before Petersburg, July 29, 1864, after the explosion of the mine which blew up a portion of the enemy's works.
Forty-eight were discharged by reason of the expiration of their term of service.
Seven were taken prisoners by the enemy, three of whom, Andrew J. Crowell, John T. Goldsmith and George H. Clements, were exchanged ; the other four, Oliver F. Stone, Edward F. Allen, William H. Allen and Samnel Goodridge, Jr., died in rebel prison.
Whole number in the service at the close of the war and dis- charged by General Orders of the War Department, sixty : Charles Juhnke, Charles H. Stone, Samuel Knowlton David C. Goodridge,
Thomas Poland, George HI. Martin,
D. L. B. Knowlton, John H. Boynton,
1 Died Sept. 11, 1877.
2 Died in California.
3 Died June 16, 1877.
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APPENDIX F.
Hiram C. Norcross, William H. Bingham,
George H. Clements,
John Lawler,
Charles Cross,
Joseplı H. Higgins,
Sam'l Driver, Jr.,
Charles P. Goldsmith,
William A. Stone,
Charles H. Dow,
Albert C. Douglass,
John R. Lee,
Dennis Donnovan,
Edgar E. Jones,
Jolın H. Harris,
James H. Andrews,
Stephen B. Allen,
George P. Burnham,
Jacob E. Ayers,
John A. Gilbert,
Winthrop Sargent,
George Haskell,
Sam'l J. Andrews,
Augustus L. Juhnke, George A. Jones,
Charles E. Lee,
George A. Lendall,
James H. Ireland,
Samuel C. Martin,
Charles W. Pert,
Ezra Stanley, Jr.,
William Mitchel,
Henry C. Smith, John W. Stone,
George H. Story,
Benjamin Thompson,
Alfred S. Jewett,
Alex. H. C. Payson,
Edward P. Hooper,
Edward Baker,
George Edward Andrews,
Paul Stanley, 2d,
John H. Meader,
Charles P. Crombie.
John T. Goldsmith,
Three still remain in the service, one in the army,
Fred. W. Smith,1
and two in the navy,
William D. Giles,1 Oliver F. Smith.
Eighteen served through the war, first enlisted in the sum- mer and fall of 1861, reënlisting at the end of two years; and two of them were among those who responded to the first call of President Lincoln for 75,000 men in April, 1861:
Frederic W. Smith, Albert C. Douglass,
William A. Stone, Dennis Donnovan, John H. Harris,
Charles Juhnke,
Stephen B. Allen,
Samuel Knowlton,
1 Discharged since this Report was prepared.
Clarence Allen,
John C. Martin,
Otis P. Gorten,
Andrew J. Crowell,
Sewell M. Rogers,
Charles E. Gilson,
Edward V. Wells,
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HISTORY OF MANCHESTER.
Thomas Poland,
Jacob E. Ayers,
Hiram C. Norcross,
Winthrop Sargent,
William H. Bingham,
John C. Martin,
Charles Cross,
Samuel J. Andrews,
Samuel Driver, Jr.,
Otis P. Gorten.
Number of Commissioned Officers, four:
Samuel W. Tuck, 1st Lieut., William A. Stone, 1st Lieut., Frederic W. Smith, 2d Lieut., Regular Army, Charles Cross, 2d Lieut.
The above Report is of great value, and worthy of being placed in this permanent form for future refer- ence.
Further information regarding the soldiers of Man- chester, especially since the close of the War, may be found in the Records of Allen Post, No. 67, G. A. R.
The following classified list of Manchester men who died in the service will be found of convenience :
Died in Rebel Prisons.
Edmund C. Morgan, Co. G, 23d Reg't Mass. Vols., at An- dersonville, Ga., Aug. 5, 1864.
Samuel Goodridge, Jr., Co. G, 23d Reg't Mass. Vols., at Florence, S. C., Feb. 5, 1865.
Oliver F. Stone, U. S. Gunboat Sumter, at Macon, Ga., Aug. 30, 1862.
William H. Allen, Co. K, 12th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Rich- mond, Va., November, 1863.
Edward F. Allen, Co. K, 12th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Rich- mond, Va., Dec. 5, 1863.
Died from Disease while in the Service.
Samuel L. Peart, Co. D, 40th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Manchester, Mass., Oct. 24, 1863.
Rufus L. Wadleigh, Co. K, 12th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Cul- peper, Va., Jan. 2, 1864.
Charles L. Parsons, Co. D, 40th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Hilton Head, S. C., March 7, 1863.
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APPENDIX F.
George E. Andrews, Co. G, 3d Reg't H. A. Mass. Vols., at Fort Bacon, D. C., Sept. 26, 1864.
Horace M. Osborne, Co. G, 23d Reg't Mass. Vols., drowned June 18, 1863, while returning from furlough to rejoin his Reg't.
Joseph A. Morgan, Co. A, 45th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Man- chester, Mass., July 3, 1863.
Stephen A. Ferguson, Co. A, 45th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Man- chester, Mass., July 19, 1863.
Albert S. Dow, Co. D, 24th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Morris Island, S. C., Sept. 4, 1863.
Samuel S. Hooper, Co. F, 23d Reg't Mass. Vols., at New -. bern, N. C., April 13, 1862.
David A. Lee, Co. H, 19th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Newport News, Va., June 4, 1862.
James H. Lee, Co. D, 24th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Little Wash- ington, N. C., Sept. 7, 1862.
William H. Woodberry, U. S. Sloop of War, Hartford, at Pensacola, Fla., Sept. 7, 1862.
Died from Wounds Received in Battle.
Hardy P. Murray, Co. K, 12th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Gettys- burg, Pa., July 6, 1863.
Serg't Benjamin Allen, Jr., Co. K, 11th Reg't Mass. Vols., at Washington, D. C., Aug. 24, 1864.
Killed in Battle.
Corp. Ariel P. Crowell, Jr., Co. E, 22d Reg't Mass. Vols., June 27, 1862, at Gaines' Mills, Va.
Isaac F. Allen, Co. K, 12th Reg't Mass. Vols., Sept. 17, 1862, at Antietam, Md.
William Bourke, Co. F, 28th Reg't Mass. Vols., Sept. 17, 1862, at Antietam, Md.
Edward S. West, Co. K, 24th Reg't Mass. Vols., Ang. 16, 1864, near Weldon Railroad, Va.
" The voice of patriot blood,
Thus poured for faith and freedom, hath a tone Which from the night of ages, from the gulf Of death, shall burst, and make its high appeal Sound unto earth and heaven."
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FIRST POST OFFICE.
APPENDIX G.
THE POST OFFICE SERVICE.
[The facts given below were furnished by George F. Allen :and J. F. Rabardy, Esqs., whose kindness has placed the writer under great obligation.]
THE first Postmaster of Manchester was Dea. Delu- cena L. Bingham, who was appointed in 1803, and held the office until his death in 1837. At the beginning of Mr. Bingham's term there were three mails per week from Gloucester and Manchester to Boston, carried by Jonathan Low's coach, which left Manchester at 9 A. M., and returning, arrived at 3 P. M. the following day. Previous to this, mails had been carried " when convenient," by a Sloop commanded by the father of Dea. A. E. Low. For the year 1803, the receipts of the office were $7.00. In 1820, there were but two papers taken at the "Cove," the Palladium and the Columbian Centinel.1 Capt. John Knight took the Palladium, and held it in such esteem that he named one of his vessels for it.
William Dodge was appointed Postmaster Nov. 17, 1837, and served until 1845. He owned the tavern, and kept the Office in it, being assisted sometimes by his wife. At the beginning of his term there was one mail daily, arriving about 3 P. M .; at its expiration, there were two mails, carried by the four-horse coaches which ran from Boston to Gloucester. These were the palmy days of stage-coaching.
1 These were both semi-weeklies. The number of dailies now taken in town averages about 250 per diem; this is exclusive of the summer : season.
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HISTORY OF MANCHESTER.
Col. Jefferd M. Decker succeeded William Dodge, Sept. 29, 1845, both as Postmaster and proprietor of the hotel. On retiring from the hotel business, he removed the Office to the house owned by the descend- ants of D. L. Bingham. During his term, papers pub- lished in the county were delivered free to county subscribers. Mr. Decker was a man of military bearing and tastes ; he commanded a militia company in town, and served in the early part of the War of the Rebel- lion.
George F. Allen was appointed April 4, 1849, by Postmaster-General Collamore, to succeed Colonel Decker. Mr. Allen says, " In those days, the Office had no special value in a pecuniary sense, and there was no surplus of applicants. I was appointed because Mr. Decker resigned and moved out of town, and there was no other candidate." The mails at this time were brought by stage from Salem, John W. Low, Con- tractor. To him was remitted the amount due the Government on Quarterly Returns, averaging about $70. The Postmaster's compensation, including Box rent, amounted to about $300 per year. At the first of the term, the Essex mail was made up at Manchester. Domestie postage was forty cents to the Pacific Coast, five cents under one hundred miles, and ten cents over. Postage to Great Britain was twenty-four cents; single letters to China, sixty-five cents; to Germany, twenty- four cents. Newspaper postage was one cent within one hundred miles, one and a half cents beyond, except to California, which was three cents, and to Great Britain, four cents. Postage on papers sent to sub- seribers was to be paid quarterly in advance. In making up the mail, every letter had to be " billed " to the place of its destination if within the State; letters out of the State to Boston as a distributing office ; a
305
APPENDIX G.
record also had to be made of these. All letters received came " billed " in like manner, and these " bills " were recorded and placed on file. At the close of the quarter these records were transcribed, and with the " bills " sent to Washington. With the introduc- tion of cheap postage and the great increase of business about the middle of the century, this cumbrous system was discontinued.
Mr. Allen kept the Office, first in the " Bingham house," and afterward in the store now occupied by D. T. Beaton. He held the office for four years, "until there was no more need of a Whig Postmaster."
Mr. John Prince Allen succeeded Mr. Allen in 1853, and proved himself a good-natured, accommodating official. He had his Office on the northwest corner of the Common, near the site of the present Police Station, in a building used as a cabinet shop.
Henry F. Lee was appointed April 18, 1861 ; he was a Republican, " but not of long standing." The Office was kept in the room in the Lee building recently occupied as a furnishing store, opposite the present location. The accommodations were very good for the time. Mr. Lee held the Office during the War, and his wife is remem- bered by many for her sympathetie and faithful service in those days when the mail often came laden with messages of sorrow to the families and loved ones left at home by the nation's defenders. The compensation at this time was $400 per year. The Boxes were few, and no return was made of them to the Department.
Julius F. Rabardy, a native of France, in accordance with a law of Congress providing that government offices be given, when advisable, to wounded or dis- abled Union soldiers, was appointed Postmaster, Aug. 9, 1865, and took charge of the Office, Oct. 1. The office was first kept in the cabinet shop above spoken of ;
306
HISTORY OF MANCHESTER.
afterward in the store now occupied by D. T. Beaton ; and later in the "old Bingham house." But as more room was needed, it was removed to its second tarrying place, and kept there until the completion of Mr. Rabardy's Block in 1885. About this time, the Demo- cratic party came into power, and against the earnest remonstrance of a large number of the citizens, in many cases irrespective of party, Mr. Rabardy was removed from the position which he had filled with fidelity and to the satisfaction of the people generally.
It was the custom when Mr. Rabardy took the Office to put up letters, papers and other mail matter, addressed to those who had not Boxes, in the window, as they were received. Subsequently, when the busi- ness of the Office made this practically impossible, they were placed on an octagonal drum behind glass, which any one could turn by a projecting rim at the bottom. This worked well, but was discontinued by order of the Department, making it unlawful to expose letters to public view, and requiring letters not intended for pri- vate Boxes to be advertised.
Until 1872, the mails for Essex were received here, and carried by coach to that town. The Magnolia mail was also received at Manchester until the Magnolia station was built.
From Oct. 1, 1865, to July 1, 1866, the revenue averaged $60 per quarter ; the compensation amounted to $100 for the same time, consequently the latter was reduced to $67.50 per quarter. But in July, 1868, the yearly pay was raised to $430, the net return for the year having been $469.25. In 1874, the net revenue was $547.35, and the salary was raised to $600 per year. From July 1 to Sept. 1, 1885, Mr. Rabardy's last quar- ter, the net revenue was $630.94, and the compensation $250 for the same period. The business of the Office
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APPENDIX G.
for this quarter was : One-cent Stamps, 1,000; Two-cent Stamps, 33,000 Five-cent Stamps, 700 Ten-cent Stamps, 300. Total, including wrappers and envelopes, $746. The amount collected for Boxes was $70, re- turnable to Government.
Among the improvements made by the P. O. Depart- ment, during Mr. Rabardy's twenty years of service, were the reduction of Domestic postage from three to two cents per one half ounce; the introduction of Postal Cards, the Money Order system, and the formation of the Postal Union, which to-day includes over eighty nationalities, of almost all grades of civilization, and secures safety and regularity in the transmission of mails and a low rate of postage over nearly the whole world.
During Mr. Rabardy's term of office, not a single Registered letter, foreign or domestic, was lost, and no native ever asked aid in recognizing his name. In 1870 Mr. Rabardy opened a telegraph office, which was a great public convenience, at his own risk and expense, and thus placed the town under great obligations ; the office was relinquished by him after fifteen years, on his dismissal from public service.
Mr. William J. Johnson received appointment as Post- master, Sept. 2, 1885, and opened the Office in October in the place which it has since occupied. In 1887, Manches- ter was made a Money Order office, and the year's busi- ness in that branch amounted to about $10,000. The same year, the office became a third-class office, and Mr. Johnson was confirmed as Postmaster of that grade by the Senate, Jan. 16, 1888. In the year ending Dec. 31, 1889, the receipts of the office were $2,561.47; the salary was $1,200, fuel, light and rent being paid by the Department.
Mr. Jeffrey T. Stanley succeeded Mr. Johnson, March
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HISTORY OF MANCHESTER.
1,1890. He had served in the 45th Regiment, Massa- chusetts Volunteers. Mr. Stanley was succeeded in 1895 by Mr. Charles H. Danforth.
The business of the Office in 1894 was as follows : Stamps, Stamped Envelopes, Postal Cards and Wrap- pers, $3,079.55; Money Orders, 836; Box-rents, $334.70 ; Registered Letters and Packages received and sent. 662.
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ENGINE HOUSE.
APPENDIX H.
THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.
THE matter of fires and methods of extinguishing them very early claimed the attention of the people in the larger towns. Buildings were constructed at first almost entirely of wood, and fires were common. There were fires in the early history of Boston which, for size and destructiveness, considering the small population and limited area, were as disastrous as many of the great fires of recent times. From 1653 to 1795, no less than twenty fires had occurred " so extensive in their desolation as to be selected for the records of history."1 Many of these fires were accompanied by a sad loss of life.
The early records show that there was a great fear of fires; precautions were taken which seem almost oppressive. The following By-Laws were adopted by the town in 1808 :
It is ordered-That no person or persons shall presume to make any bonfires, or set fire to any wood, straw, shavings, or other combustible matter, by night or by day, in any street, lane or alley, or in any private or public yard, in this town, or make any bonfire in any part of the town on the evening of the fifth day of November,2 in any year hearafter, under the penalty of forfeiting and paying Three Dollars.
If charcoal was kindled by " any tradesmen or others in a pot or pan out of doors, nigh their house or shop," it was to be " during the daylight only," and some care-
1 A Brief History of the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society ; H. H. Sprague. Boston, 1893.
2 Guy Fawkes' Day, the Anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot, 1605.
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HISTORY OF MANCHESTER.
ful person was to stand by " to watch the same while it shall continue in the open aire." It was also ordered:
That no person or persons shall presume hereafter to carry fire from any house or place within the town to any other house or place within the same, but in some vessel which shall sufficiently secure the fire from being [blown] about by the wind, or scattered by the way-under penalty of forfeit- ing and paying the sum of Fifty Cents for each offenee.
Chimneys were to be " Regularly and Seasonably Cleansed." The " firing " of chimneys was to be " at or nearly a calm time, when it shall actually rain or snow, and between the time of sun rising and twelve o'clock at noon." It was further ordered :
That no person shall hang any beef or pork for the purpos of smoking the same, on the top of any chimney unless upon an iron bar or hook, on penalty of forfeiting and paying Two Dollars.
Defective chimneys were to be "viewed " by the Selectmen ; it was forbidden to run any funnel through a wooden building except it was "surrounded with brick work," and no stove was to be placed in any store " without a double hearth." Coopers were not to " burn Casks but in a sufficient chimney," and Boat builders were not to "steam or burn any boards or plank . .. but in such place as in the opinion of the Selectmen shall be thought safe."
From these and similar precautions it seems that pre- vention was considered better than cure. Our fathers believed that " fire is a good servant, but a bad master," and acted accordingly. And they determined that as a servant it should be made to keep its place. To these restrictions, burdensome as they may seem, they no doubt owed, in a large measure, their immunity from serious and sweeping conflagrations.
According to one of our oldest citizens, Manchester
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APPENDIX H.
was very early awake to the necessity of an efficient fire department. "The fire brigade of those days was a voluntary institution, the members serving without pay, but was nevertheless very effective." The substantial citizens furnished their hall-ways with leather buckets, in which they took great pride. "They were hand- somely painted, with the owner's name enclosed in an artistic design upon their sides." In case of an alarm, the people rallied, a line was formed to the nearest water, and under the direction of some influential citi- zen the work commenced. "During the existence of this system, covering a period of one hundred and fifty years, but two buildings are known to have been de- stroyed by fire."
Manchester adopted some enterprising measures in the direction of protecting the town against fires, when the Fire Departments, even in the cities, were in a very primitive stage of development. In 1828, the town bought the first fire engine, the " Eagle," and twelve pairs of leather buckets, and a citizens' fire company was formed. Col. Eben Tappan was engaged in the manufacture of fire engines at this time, and built one in 1832, the " Torrent," a suction engine, which was used in the great fire of 1836, and was afterward bought by the town.1 This engine did good service until laid up in ordinary, in 1885, a period of fifty-three years, a most remarkable record.
Mr. Tappan had been in the furniture business about eleven years, when in 1826 he began the building of fire engines, without a previous knowledge of foundry work or special instruction in mechanics. "The plans were entirely his own, and he worked out his own models
1 An engine is mentioned in the Gloucester Telegraph, Sept. 25, 1830, as built by Mr. Tappan, which " held about 125 gallons," and was " capable of emptying itself in one minute, throwing a good column of water a distance of 103 feet."
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HISTORY OF MANCHESTER.
and patterns. The village blacksmith did the ironwork under Mr. Tappan's immediate supervision. The brass- work came to Mr. Tappan from a Boston foundry in the rough, and Mr. Tappan's own hands finished and fitted it. IIe also did all the work of the coppersmith. In short, with the aid alone of the blacksmith, to whom reference is made above, the engines from Mr. Tappan's hands were the result of his own unaided skill and in- dustry."1
In April, 1836, Engine Company No. 2 was organ- ized, with E. Smith, S. F. Parsons and J. A. Allen as " Captains." This company disbanded, April 2, 1838, "the clerk only dissenting." A new company was formed, April 4, 1838, and disbanded April 4, 1839. On April 24, 1839, a company was again formed, with John C. Wells, G. W. Marble and John Godsoe as " Masters," and J. W. Mann as Clerk. The fire depart- ment seems now to have got fairly upon its feet, and its history may be said to have commenced.
Two of the greatest fires with which the town has been visited occurred when the department was yet young and inexperienced, and appear to have been handled with bravery and skill. These were the " great fire " of Aug. 28, 1836,2 and the fire of Feb. 1, 1838.3 Thus early in its history weighed, and not found want- ing, the department has never failed in its prompt und efficient service in times of danger.
Some of the earlier votes on record are of present-day interest ; among them are these :
April 24, 1839, " Voted the use of the Hall to the Infant Sabbath School for this season on the Sabbath."
May 2, 1812, the constitution was amended as follows :
1 Salem Daily Telegram, June 6, 1888.
2 J'ide page 148.
3 John and Henry Knights' Bark Mill and Currier Shop.
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