USA > Massachusetts > Franklin County > Whately > History of the town of Whately, Mass., including a narrative of leading events from the first planting of Hatfield, 1660-1871 : with family genealogies > Part 12
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Simeon Graves. In Capt. E. Williams's Company, 1755. In Capt. William Lyman's Company, Sept. 10 to Dec. 30, 1756.
Joel Dickinson. In Capt. Lyman's Company at Lake George, 1755. Sergeant in same Company, Sept. 10 to Dee. 30, 1756.
Samuel Carley. In Capt. Benjamin Ballard's Company, March to Oct. 1755; and Dec., 1755 to March, 1756. In Capt. Samuel Howe's Com- pany, 1756. In Capt. John Burke's Company, expedition to Fort William IIenry, Feb. to Nov., 1757.
Robert Hazzard. In two expeditions against Crown Point, 1755. In Capt. Jona. Ball's Company, expedition to Canada, 1758. In expedition for reduction of Canada, 1760.
Gains Crafts. In Capt. Moses Porter's Company, expedition to Crown Point, April 1 to Sept. 8, 1756. In expedition to Canada, campaigns of 1758 and 1759. In Capt. Elijah Smith's Company, expedition to Crown Point, April, 1759 to Jan., 1760.
Perez Bardwell. Enlisted at 18 years old. In expedition to Crown Point, 1756. In Capt. John Burke's Company, March 2 to April 1, 1757. In Capt. Salah Barnard's Company, 1757. In same Company, expedition to Canada, 1758 and 1759. Corporal in Capt. Barnard's Company, expe- dition to Canada, Feb. to Dec., 1760; and in Capt. William Shepard's Company, April, 1761 to Jan. 1762.
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Paul Smith. In Capt. Moses Porter's Company, expedition to Crown Point, 1756. In expedition to Canada, 1759.
David Graves. In Capt. Moses Porter's Company, expedition to Crown Point, 1756.
Seth Wait. In Capt. Moses Porter's Company, expedition to Crown Point, 1756. In Capt. Elijah Smith's Company, expedition to Crown Point, April, 1759 to Jan. 1760
Ebenezer Bardwell. Lieutenant in Capt. Moses Porter's Company, expedition to Crown Point, 1756; also in Capt. Jona. Ball's Company, same year. In Capt. Salah Barnard's Company, expedition to Canada, 1757 and 1758. In Capt. John Burke's Company, engaged in bringing in deserters, from March 30 to Dec. 25, 1759.
Ebenezer Bardwell, Jr. In Capt Salah Barnard's Company, expedition to Canada, 1757 and 1758.
Reuben Dickinson. In Capt. Moses Porter's Company, expedition to Crown Point, April 1 to Sept. 8, 1756.
Nathaniel Diekinson. In Capt. Porter's Company, expedition to Crown Point, 1756. In Capt. John Burke's Company, 1757.
Joseph Belding. In Capt. Whitcomb's Company, 1756.
Nathaniel Sartwell. In Capt. Whitcomb's Company, 1756. In Capt. John Burke's Company, 1757.
Israel Scott. In Capt. Isaac Wyman's Company, Dec. 1756 to Jan. 1757.
Israel Graves. In Capt. Israel Williams's Company, 1756.
Salmon White Corporal in Capt. William Lyman's Company, 1756.
Elisha Frary. Drummer in Capt. William Lyman's Company, 1756.
Abner Dickinson. In Capt. William Lyman's Company, 1756.
Joseph Byram. In Capt. John Burke's Company, 1757. Ensign in Col. Jona. Hoar's Regiment. 1761. Ensign in command of Invalid Company at ('rown Point, Nov., 1761. to March, 1762.
Julius Allis. In Capt. Salah Barnard's Company, 1757; also in same Company, expedition to Canada. 1758.
Samuel Bardwell, brother of Perez. In Capt. Barnard's Company, 1757. In expedition to Canada, 1758 and 1759.
Oliver Graves, and Nathan Graves. In Lieut. Billings's Company, marched for relief of Fort William Henry, 1757.
Paul Belding. In Capt. JJohn Burke's Company, expedition to Canada, 1759.
Silas Smith. In Capt. Burke's Company, as above.
Jeremiah Wait. In Capt. Salah Barnard's Company, expedition to Canada, 1760.
WAR OF THE REVOLUTION, 1775-1783. - The letters of Thomas Whately and Governor Hutchinson, copied at length in a preceding chapter, have given intimation of an impending struggle between the Colonies and the Mother Country.
The original charters of the American Colonies were under-
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stood to guarantee to the people all the rights and liberties of Englishmen. One of the dearest of these rights was, immunity from taxation, except by their own consent, -i. c., by their representatives in Parliament. And as the Colonists had no representation, they claimed that they were rightfully exempt. And this exemption had not before been called in question. For near one hundred and fifty years this guarantied privilege had not been disturbed. But after the close of the war with France in 1763, Great Britain found herself burdened alike with debts and with domestic taxes ; and, as a measure of relief, the min- istry devised the plan of raising a revenue by impost and other duties, levied on articles of prime necessity to her American subjects.
These measures were resisted by the Colonies ; not so much because the burden first imposed was oppressive, but because the right to raise a revenue in this way implied the right to levy more direct taxes ; and thus made the internal management of American affairs subject to the will of Parliament. It was a first move in a course which would undermine their liberties.
Remonstrances, and petitions, and appeals to the King were sent home, and had their effect. The first revenue laws were repealed or modified, or allowed to remain inoperative.
But the repeal of the Stamp Act was accompanied with the passage of an Act, declaring " that Parliament has, and of right ought to have, power to bind the Colonies in all cases whatsoever."
Other plans for taxing the Americans were adopted ; and new causes of irritation sprung up, which developed and tested the temper of men on both sides. But what aroused most deeply the spirit of the Colonies was an address to the King, adopted by Parliament in February, 1769, requesting that orders might be sent to the Governor of Massachusetts to transport to England for trial all who should be suspected of treason. This was an unexpected move, and was looked upon as hostile and vengeful. Nothing could be more odious to a freeman, who had all his life enjoyed equal rights in his native land, than the idea of being torn from his country and tried for his life by strangers.
The British view of this measure is presented in the letter of Mr. Whately. The American view of this and the measures
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that immediately followed it, is set forth in well known declara- tions of the colonial legislatures, in the destruction of the tea in Boston harbor, and the War of the Revolution.
Massachusetts was the first of the Colonies to resist the arbi- trary Aets of Parliament ; and her Capital was singled out as the first to receive exemplary punishment. She led the way in devising ways and means of revolution ; and bore her full share in the sacrifices and sorrows of the contest.
Although the people of the Connecticut valley were less . directly affected by the restrictions on commerce, and the pres- ence of foreign troops, than the sea-board towns, yet the prin- ciples involved were felt by all to touch the vital issues of civil life and political liberty. And our people were quick to respond to the alarm of danger, and entered with the whole heart into the struggle for independence.
In the fall and winter of 1772-73, a plan was originated by the leading patriots of this State, which had a most important bearing on the progress and ultimate success of the revolution, and the subsequent union of the Colonies. This plan was the appointment of a central Committee of Correspondence and Inquiry in Boston ; and like committees in every town in the Province. Similar committees were appointed by Virginia and other colonial assemblies. By this means the counsels and action of the entire people were brought into harmony, and efficiency and strength given to every movement.
A circular, accompanied with a pamphlet, wherein " the rights of the colonists, and the infringements thereof, are set forth," was sent to the inhabitants of the several towns in the State. A copy of this was received by the Whately authorities early in 1773. A town meeting was immediately called, and a com- mittee of three, viz., - Edward Brown, Elisha Frary, and Joseph Belding, Jr., was chosen to answer the said letter. The committee drew up, and forwarded (by vote of the town) the following reply :-
" Gentlemen,-The proceedings of the town of Boston under the present exigencies, we esteem very laudable and worthy of a metropolis. We con- cur in general with your sentiments in stating the rights of the colonists and Province, and of the infringements of these rights. We hold fast loy- alty to our Sovereign ; yet we groan under our burden, but do not despair
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of redress. If the importunity of a poor widow may move an unjust judge to avenge her, how much more may we hope for redress by frequent appli- cation to a gracious King. We shall at all times heartily join with you, in all legal and constitutional measures, for the keeping of these inestimable privileges wrested from us, and firmly to secure those that remain. For we are sensible that, should we renounce our liberty and privileges, we should renounce the rights of man, the rights of humanity, and even our duty to God and man. We have no doubts but that the Parliament of Great Britain will hereby understand that 'tis not the discontentedness of a faction, but that the whole people are sensible of the burdens they labor under."
This letter is indicative of the general popular sentiment. · The people were still strongly attached to their Sovereign, and had not given up hope of seenring redress for their grievances ; but they were ready to stand by their leaders, and to defend their ancient rights and privileges. In this town, as in other places, the use of tea, and most West India goods, had almost entirely ceased. Foreign calicoes and woolens, which had largely taken the place of homespun, were now discarded. The spinning- wheels were restored to their place in the living-room ; the looms were repaired ; and the younger girls became ambitious to learn all the mysteries of making and dyeing cloth ; and men and women alike returned to the wool and flaxen garments of their grand-parents. Great care was taken to increase the number of sheep. The acreage of flax sown was doubled. All projected public improvements were stayed ; and family expenses were cut down to the lowest point. Lawsuits were taken out of court and settled ; alienated neighbors became friends.
1774. This was a year of active preparation. The central committee of correspondence called for money to help the dis- tressed citizens of Boston, and further the plans of armament and organization. And at a town meeting in Whately, held July 21, it was voted, " To pay out of the town stock the sum sent for by the committee."
Oliver Graves was chosen deputy to attend the Provincial Congress to be holden at Concord the second Tuesday in Octo- ber. [Elisha Frary was delegate to the Second Congress, held at Cambridge, February 5, 1775; Noah Wells and Salmon White went to the Third Congress, which met at the meeting- house in Watertown the last of May, 1775.]
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During this fall - 1774 - a company of minute men was organized. As was natural, the men who had been trained in the French and Indian War were looked to as best fitted to lead in this new struggle. Lieut. Ebenezer Bardwell, who had seen most military service, was now sixty-eight years old ; and Henry Stiles, now in the prime of life, and next him in military expe- rienec, was selected to command the company. The best men of the town enlisted and took their place in the ranks.
At a meeting in December the town voted, "To provide one hundred weight of powder, two hundred weight of lead, and two hundred flints, for the use of the town."
1775. Early in January a committee of correspondence was chosen, consisting of Oliver Graves, Benjamin Smith, Oliver Morton, Joshua Beldin, John Smith, Elisha Frary, Paul Smith. And at the same town meeting it was voted, "To raise money for the minute men."
" Voted, That the minute men be allowed &d. for each half- day spent ; to the sergeants, 10d. ; to the lieutenants, 12d."
" Voted, That the minute men train four half-days between this and the first day of May next."
THE LEXINGTON ALARM .- The Battle of Lexington was fought April 19th, and the news reached the valley late in the day of the 20th. The alarm was instantly sounded ; and the Whately company of minute men was ready to start carly the next morning. They marched that day and the next forenoon forty miles, and receiving intelligence that the British had retreated, and that their services would not be required, they returned home the 23d.
The roll of this company-found in the State Archives-is as follows :-
Henry Stiles, Capt. Noah Bardwell, Lieut. John Lamson, Sergt. Jolin Brown,
Paul Belding. Ebenezer Bardwell, Jr. John Wait
Simeon Wells.
· Ebenezer Dickinson. Niles Coleman. Roswell Smith.
Benj. Fishı.
Privates. Thomas Sanderson.
Joel Wait. Daniel Wells.
Salmon White.
Edward Brown.
David Ingraham.
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This list, however, comprises less than half the Whately men that marched that day for the scene of strife. The Hatfield companies were made up largely of our townsmen ; and some of the Deerfield company, though then living over the line, should be reckoned to our account. In Capt. Perez Graves's Hatfield company were,-
Silas Smith, Serg't.
Gideon Dickinson.
Gaius Crafts.
Jacob Mosher.
John Smith. Jonathan Edson.
Benj. Smith.
Joel Wait.
Elisha Smith.
This company marched to Ware-twenty-three miles-and returned with the Whately company.
In Capt. Israel Chapin's company, Colonel John Fellows's regiment, that marched April 20, and was out seven days, were,-
Perez Bardwell, Lieut.
John Crafts.
Nath'l Sartle, Sergt.
Joseph Crafts.
Joseph Belding, Jr., do.
Noah Field.
Abel Scott, Corp.
Selah Graves.
Phineas Frary, Drum'r.
Joel Scott.
Eleazar Frary, Fifer.
Zenas Field.
John Sanderson.
Josiah Brown.
Solomon Snow.
David Morton.
Elisha Smith.
Abel Bacon. Simeon Morton.
Elibu Wait.
And two Whately men in this company, viz :- Gad Wait and Selah Scott, were in service one month and twenty-four days.
In Captain Jonas Locke's company of Deerfield minute men, were,-Oliver Shattuck, John Locke, Adonijah Taylor, Jonathan Spafford. The Captain, and a part of this company, were in service thirty-three days.
Ebenezer Barnard was in Capt. N. Leonard's Sunderland company.
In Capt. Seth Murray's Hatfield company, Col. Woodbridge's regiment-that marched April 29, and was out till August 25- were the following Whately names :- Joel Dickinson, and his brother Reuben Dickinson (then of Conway), Caleb Beals,
Elijah Scott.
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(father of Caleb, Jr., of Whately,) JJonathan Edson, Elisha Wells. Jacob Walker (then of Hatfield).
This is an honorable record. The number of males in town, at this date, between sixteen and sixty was less than one hun- dred. And about forty of this one hundred volunteered to march at a minute's warning in defence of their chartered rights. And the fact deserves mention in this connection, that, from the beginning to the end of the war, Whately was never deficient in her quota of men.
The act of the British troops in marching from Boston for the destruction of military stores, and the bloody encounters at Lex- ington and Concord, virtually extinguished hope of reconciliation, and severed the bond which bound the Colony to the King's authority. And it is a matter of interest to know how a people suddenly loosed from governmental restraints will conduct them- selves. The following paper will show what was the first action of our town's people :- " Whereas the Law of the Province, or the execution of it is ceased, and the constables have not had that power to collect the rates as heretofore : These are to let you know, as constables, that this town's Committee, chosen for that purpose, will and do protect you in the collection of those rates that are now behind, in six weeks from this date, or the town treasurer shall have full power to distrain on said con- stables.
" Signed, - David Graves, Philip Smith, Joseph Belding, Elisha Belding, John Crafts, Noah Wells, Oliver Graves, Benj. Smith, Elisha Frary, Josiah Allis."
"Whately, May y" Atk, 1775."
The Whately men who took part in the battle of Bunker Hill, so far as can be ascertained, were. Elisha Wells, Jonathan Spaf- ford, JJonathan Edson, Jonathan Edson, Jr.
1776 .-- Before it was known what had been the action of the Continental Congress, at a town meeting, July 6, 1776, it was voted, "That in case the Continental Congress shall declare the Colonies to be in an independent state from Great Britain, we will support the declaration with our lives and fortunes."
Previous to this, i. e. on the 25th of June, an order had been issued for raising five thousand men for immediate service. The
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troops from Hampshire County were destined to march to Can- ada. The quota required of Whately was nine : the following men enlisted, viz. : Joseph Crafts, Eben'r Dickinson, Joel Morton, Samuel G. Morton, Phineas Scott, Elijah Scott, Luther Scott, Philo Bacon, Asa Sanderson. These men received a bounty of £7 from the State ; and the town voted £54 " for their encouragement."
As soon as the news arrived at Boston that the united colonies had declared their independence, an order was issued (July 10) for the enlistment of every twenty-fifth man in the State, to re- inforce the northern army. The town records do not give the names of the men who answered to this call. But the following list contains the names of all the three years' enlisted and drafted' men required to fill the town's quota from 1776 to 1779 inchi- sive :- Bernice Snow, Eben'r Bardwell, Jr., Solomon Snow, Zeph. Snow, Oliver Train, Henry Jones, Joab Bragg, John Hawley, Edward Brown, Abel Bacon, -all residents of Whate- ly ; Thomas Herendon, (Harrington,) Joab Belding, residence unknown ; * Bezaleel Phelps, of Worthington ; Samuel Black- man and Amos Fuller, of Partridgefield.
Oliver Morton, and others (names not given) went on an expedition to Ticonderoga, sometime during this year.
The muster roll of Capt. Oliver Lyman's company in service at Dorchester, Nov. 27, 1776 to Mar. 1777, contains the names of Adna Smith, William Brown, Benjamin Parker. In the same company, from Dec. 1, 1776 to Feb. 28, 1777, were Phineas Smith, Bezaleel Smith, Abraham Parker. Matthew Graves, James Sanderson, Aaron Pratt, Elisha Smith, Julius Frary, fifer, (then of Ashfield), were in garrison at Ticonderoga, under Capt. Benjamin Phillips, from Dec. 23, 1776 to Feb. 24, 1777.
Military stores were scarce ; and the several towns were called upon to furnish their quota of blankets, shirts and stockings, as well as beef and bread. In one of the first calls for four thou-
* Harrington and Belding enlisted Feb. 28, 1777; were assigned to Capt. Samuel Flowers's company, second battalion of Massachusetts Bay Forces, Col. John Greaton's regiment. The company was mustered at Albany, Nov. 10, 1777 ; stationed at Greenbush, 1778; at White Plains, Feb. 1779. Belding was corporal, 1778.
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sand blankets, the number required of Whately was seven. The method of collecting these was, for a committee to go to a house, and after inquiry and examination decide whether the family ought to furnish one, two, or three blankets, make the demand, and pay a specified sum in the paper money of the day. Some- times blankets were taken directly from the beds in use. Beef was collected by orders upon the town authorities, and was often delivered upon the hoof.
1777 .- Early this year the General Court passed "an Act to prevent monopoly and oppression," in which the selectmen and committee of safety of the several towns were directed to set a price upon all the articles usually bought and sold, and also upon labor .- " A list of several articles, with their prices, as delivered to the town clerk of Whately, Mar. 3, 1777, by the seleetmen and committee of safety, by order of the Court, to wit : good merchantable wheat, 6s. per bu. ; rye, 4s. ; indian corn, 28. 8d. : barley, 4s. ; beans, 6s. ; peas, 6s. ; potatoes, 1s. 4d. ; oats, 1s. 8d. ; sheeps' wool, 2x. per Ib. ; flax, 10d. ; salt pork, &d. ; fresh pork, 4d. ; beef, first quality, 33d. ; butter, 8d. ; cheese, 6d. ; men's yarn stockings at 6s. ; men's common shoes, 8s. ; women's shoes, Gs. 6d. ; cider barrels, sap staves, 38. 6d. ; common dinners, 9d. ; horse-keeping per night, 10gd. ; New England flip, 9d. per mug ; shoeing horse all round, in the best manner, 68. ; raw hides, 3d. per lb. ; raw calf skins, 6d. ; tanned leather, 18. 3d. ; making shoes, common sorts, 3s. per pair ; tow cloth yd. wide, 28. 3d. per yd. ; striped flannel yd. wide, 3s. Gd. ; cotton and linen cloth, 38. 6d. ; weaving tow cloth, 5d. 3f. per yd. ; a yoke of oxen per day, 1s. 4d. ; riding horse per mile, 2d. ; eart or other carriage per mile, 2d. ; 2 qts. of oats, 2d. 2f. ; pasturing a horse per week, 1s. 10d .; do. a yoke of oxen, 28. 2d. ; common summer labor, 28. 8d. per day ; winter labor, 2s. per day : men's board per week, 58. 4d. ; English hay per hund. 28. 2d. ; and all other things not men- tioned, according to the common usage and custom of the town."
April 23, an order was issued for raising two battalions of seven hundred and fifty men each, from Hampshire County, for two months' service at Ticonderoga. A company of fifty-seven men, under Capt. Salmon White, Col. David Wells's regiment,
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was out from May 10, to July 10. The Whately men in this company appear to have been
Elisha Smith. Moses Crafts.
Simeon Wells.
Abijah Brown. Philo Bacon.
Reuben Crafts.
Samuel Coleman.
Richard Carey.
Jehu Dickinson.
Zenas Field. John Lamson.
Jacob Allen Faxon.
Joel Morton.
Samnel G. Morton.
Benj. Parker.
Elijah Scott.
Joseph Seott.
Abel Scott.
Perez Wells.
David Stockbridge was corp'l in Capt. John Thompson's com- pany with the Northern Army, from May 7, to July 8.
In Capt. Seth Murray's company, expedition to Fort Edward and Moses Creek, July 9, to Aug. 12, were,
Thomas Sanderson, Lient. Noah Bardwell, Lieut.
John Wait, Sergeant.
Noah Field, Sergeant. Phineas Smith, Corporal. Levi Morton, private.
Elisha Wells. Seth Frary. Jacob Walker.
Elihu Wait.
David Morton. Elijah Smith.
Simeon Morton. Josiah Brown.
Selah Graves.
Reuben Graves. .
Graves Crafts. Roswell Smith.
Paul Belding. Selah Scott.
Eben'r Scott.
John Graves.
Daniel Morton. Paul Belding, Jr.
Abraham Turner. Jona. Edson.
David Ingraham.
. Joel Wait. Lemuel Wells.
At this time Gen. Burgoyne, in command of the British forces, was on his victorious march from the Canadian frontier. Ticon- deroga was invested July 1, and abandoned by Gen. St. Clair on the 5th ; and Gen. Schuyler, then in command of the northern army, was slowly retreating on Saratoga and the mouth of the Mohawk. . Gen. Horatio Gates was appointed Aug. 4, to succeed Gen. Schuyler ; and immediately issued a call for re-in- forcements. The march of Col. Baum on Bennington hastened the alarm, and the whole country, though in the midst of early harvest, turned out. The defeat of Baum by Gen. Stark, Ang. 16, will account for the short campaign made by the companies, next to be mentioned.
Muster Roll of Capt. Salmon White's company of militia, that marched at the request of Gen. H. Gates, Ang. 17, and were
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discharged by orders, Aug. 19, 1777. All but thirteen were Whately men.
Salmon White, Captain.
Lemuel Wells, Serg't.
Elihu White, Lieut.
John Crafts,
Abraham Billings, Serg't. Jonathan Porter,
Learious Graves, fifer. Samuel Allen, private.
Silas Graves.
Elijah Nash. John Partridge.
Moses Warner.
Medad Field. JJesse Robbins.
Daniel White.
David Wait. Elisha Frary.
Elisha Wells.
Joseph Kellogg.
John Brown.
Edward Brown.
Levi Handy.
Abijah Brown.
Ezra Turner.
Adna Smith.
Nathan Graves.
Israel Graves.
Reuben Crafts.
Oliver Graves.
Joseph Crafts.
Joel Morton.
Samuel G. Morton.
Abner Diekinson.
Salmon White, Jr.
Eleazer Frary.
Gad Smith. Gad Scott.
Elijah Seott.
Joseph Scott.
Benj. Smith. Joshna Beldin.
Nath'l Coleman.
Eben'r Bardwell.
Philip Smith.
Asa Sanderson.
Benj. Parker.
Russell Allis.
In Capt. Russell Kellogg's company, out from Aug. 17 to 19, on the Bennington Alarm, were
Richard Carey. John Wait. Amasa Graves.
In Capt. Abel Dinsmore's company, out Aug. 17 to 19, were
James Sanderson. Caleb Beals.
Reuben Diekinson.
Simeon Graves. Matthew Graves. John Sanderson.
Some of the Whately men that went out at this time contin- ued in service through the campaign, till after the surrender of Burgoyne, Oct. 17. Paul Gibbs was in service in Capt. Dins- more's company from Aug. 17, to Nov. 29. Moses Crafts, Phineas Scott, and Simeon Wells, were with the northern army in Capt. John Kirkland's company, Aug. 16, to Nov. 29.
Muster Roll of Capt. Salmon White's company of Massachu- setts Bay Militia, Col. Ezra May's regiment in an expedition to Saratoga, Sept. 20, to Oct. 14, 1777.
Salmon White, Captain. Thomas Sanderson, Lieut. Noah Bardwell, 66 Lemuel Wells, Serg't. John Crafts,
Eleazer Frary, Serg't. Martin Graves, “
Eben'r.Bardwell, corp'l.
Elijah Scott, Elisha Wells,
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Joseph Kellogg.
Reuben Crafts.
Oliver Graves.
Eben'r Dickinson.
Russell Allis.
Elisha Smith.
Gad Smith.
Gad Scott.
Asa Sanderson.
Joshua Beldin.
Abijah Brown.
Nathan Graves.
Adna Smith.
John Smith.
Benj. Bacon.
Phin. Smith.
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