USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Royalston > Reflections on Royalston, Worcester County, Massachusetts, U.S.A > Part 48
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Reflections on Royalston
and select, to some extent, from a flood of sound "broadcast" from numerous "stations," the kind of pabulum he prefers,-vocal or instrumental music, religious services, announcements of the progress and results of prize fights and other sporting events, political harangues, and other alluring if not entertaining noises; and with the "loud speaker" attached he may open his windows and give everybody in his neighborhood, and more too, a more or less welcome "treat," which, in the usually Sabbath quiet of Royalston, may be fully appreciated; but in communities where greater activity prevails, so that the principal effect is to emphasize the bedlam, some of those treated may be justified in wishing that there might be some restriction placed on the treating. Aside from its "entertainment" features, the radio renders much useful service. By its "broadcasting" over so large a ter- ritory, it assists in spreading emergency information to people whose location is indefinitely known, in locating escaped criminals, and other similar service.
It is not known to the deponent that any charge is made for the noise to those who have the required apparatus and "tune in" on some of the vibrations which are "on the air."" While much of the "broadcasting" may be gratuitous, there are probably good profits from advertising talks and propaganda put forth; and the wholesale imposition of its work upon the public is probably one of the most stupendous and profitable advertising schemes ever evolved, resulting in a profit- able popularity for the radiophone which rivals that gained by the automobile, the phonograph and the cigaret.
Telephotography is defined as "a process of electrically transmitting and reproducing photographic or other pictures through a distance by methods similar to those used in electric telegraphy." Like all other useful inventions, it has had its season of experimentation, development and improvement, and it cannot be told just when it became of practical use. At this writing, in 1927, it has been in use by newspapers, to some extent, for several years, in securing noteworthy pictures for publication with the telegraphic news stories about important events. For example: On Sept. 29, 1927, at about 1 p. m., a tornado struck St. Louis, Mo., causing many deaths and enormous destruction of property; photographs of the devastation were sent to Boston by telephoto in season to have halftone pictures printed in the morning newspapers of the next day, which were ready for distribu- tion within 12 or 14 hours after the disaster; to have transmitted the photographs by any other method would have delayed their publication for two days or more.
Another invention is an apparatus by means of which a person conversing over the telephone is enabled to see as well as hear the person with whom he is con- versing, or his portrait. This invention has not at this writing come into general use, but it seems impossible that it can fail ultimately of achieving popularity.
More than half a century ago I asked an expert photographer if any process had been invented of photographing objects in their natural colors, and his answer was that that most desirable object had not been achieved; if it has been accom- plished since that time I have not been advised. But wouldn't it be "nice" if we could see our communicants at the phone in their natural tints?
We might go on and fill many pages with notes about other inventions that have been brought out since 1865,-many of them wonderful at first, but now quite commonplace, like the bicycle; the motorcycle; the phonograph, graphophone and gramophone; the piano player and player piano, and many other musical instru- ments; moving pictures; the X-ray; the hundreds of things electrical; and the thousands of things that have to do with human development and advancement.
What will the record include in 1965?
DESIGNATIONS OF GENERATIONS.
In the enumeration of the members of families in these Reflections, where the names of members of successive generations are numbered, those of the first gen- eration are designated by plain Arabic numerals,-1, 2, 3, etc .; those of the next following generation by the same kind of figures enclosed in parentheses,-(1), (2), (3), (4), etc .; those of the next generation by figures enclosed in brackets,-[1], [2], [3], [4], etc .; and in a few instances, those of the next generation are desig- nated by asterisks, -* 1, *2, *3, *4, etc. Readers who are familiar with these des- ignations will readily understand the connections.
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Reflections on Royalston
BACHELLER-NORTON-HART.
Major John Bacheller came from Reading and settled on the place next north of the one known as the Isaac Metcalf place, in the north part of Royalston. He became prominent in the affairs of the town, serving as Town Clerk 3 years, Select- man 4 years, Assessor 2 years, Deacon of the First Congregational Church about 23 years. His wife died in 1810, and he afterwards made his home with his son, in Warwick, where he died. This son, Thomas Bacheller, married Lucy Bartlett, in 1796. A daughter, Hannah Bacheller, married Jonas Bartlett, in 1797, and be- came the mother of John Norton Bartlett. Another daughter, Margaret Bach- eller, married Major John Norton, and was grandmother of Thomas Norton Hart.
Major John Norton, also from Reading, settled on the place at the north part of the town, next south of Bacheller's, and since occupied by Isaac Metcalf, Hez- ekiah Newton, Albion P. Mosman and Edith Ely Metcalf. After several removals he bought and built the house on the place at 13E on our map of the Center, where he resided until his death; since that event the place has been occupied by Capt. Isaac Nichols, William W. Clement, Franklin Richardson, Herman M. Partridge, Benjamin Hammond Brown, Rev. Augustus M. Rice, Damon C. Aiken, and others. John Norton rendered long and arduous service in the Revolution, and earned the title of Major. He served as Town Clerk 5 years, Seleetman 19 years, Assessor 2 years, and Representative to the General Court 3 years. He married Margaret Bacheller, as mentioned above; their daughter, Margaret Norton, married Daniel Hart, of Reading, in 1821. They had a son, Thomas Norton Hart, who became prominent in Boston business and municipal affairs.
Hon. Thomas Norton Hart, was born in Reading, Jan. 20, 1829. About 5 years of his childhood were passed in Royalston, and a historian has chaptered him under "Sons of Royalston." When 13 years of age he went to Boston, where he was employed by a dry goods house, and afterwards in a hat store, and later became a partner in the firm, and then organized another firm in the same line, of which he was the head until 1878, when he retired with a competency. He became presi- dent of the Mt. Vernon National Bank, which office he filled for about 25 years. Mr. Hart had a long career in Boston municipal politics, beginning when he was 50 years of age. He served as member of the Common Council 3 years, and of the Board of Aldermen 3 years. In 1886 he was the Republican candidate for the po- sition of Mayor, but the strongly Democratic electorate defeated him, as it did on a second attempt, in 1887; but in 1888 he was elected, and in 1889 he was re-elected; in 1893 he was again defeated; in 1899 a split in the Democratic element resulted in his election for a two-year term; he was nominated again in 1901, and defeated; so that his record in the mayoralty field is 7 nominations, on 3 of which he was elected to serve 4 years, and on 4 he was defeated. In 1891 he was appointed Postmaster of Boston, by Republican President Harrison; Gen. John M. Corse had occupied the position under appointment by Democratic President Cleveland, and Mr. Hart joined with many other Republicans in urging his reappointment; but President Harrison insisted upon naming a Republican for the position and offered it to Mr. Hart, who accepted. He was active in civic and charitable institutions and societies. He was a speaker at Royalston's Old Home Day exercises in 1903, and a guest of honor at the dedication of the Phinehas S. Newton Library Build- ing, in 1911. He retained his vigor to old age, and until he was nearly 97 years uf age it was his custom to take daily walks out of doors. The Boston Post said of him, after his death:
" 'Tom' Hart was the carver of his own fortunes. From a poor clerk in a Boston store, he went on to amass a comfortable fortune and to cut an important figure in local politics. He was keen, far-seeing, shrewd, if not great. He was a conscientious and honest Mayor personally, even though his various entourages were not invariably scrupulous in their political dealings. He made an efficient Postmaster. In his later years he essayed the role of retired and mellowed sage, and did it well. His annual birthday estimates of the times were always enter- taining and often wise. The town will not seem quite the same without him."
Mr. Hart married Elizabeth Snow, in 1850; she died in 1906; they had a daugh- ter, born in 1851. Mr. Hart died Oct. 4, 1927, at the age of nearly 99 years.
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Reflections on Royalston
THE COST OF PUBLISHING HISTORY.
The Report of the Town Committee on the publication of the History of Roy- alston, under the management of Mr. Lilley B. Caswell, states that
"On March 6, 1911, the Town voted 'To raise and appropriate the sum of $500 for the purpose of preparing and publishing a History of the Town.'" And,
"On March 2, 1914, as the work seemed nearing completion, the Town voted 'To raise $500 toward printing and binding the History of the Town of Royalston, and that permission be hereby granted to any individual or group of individuals to furnish the additional amount required for the purpose, with the distinct under- standing that any such volunteer contributors shall be reimbursed from the pro- ceeds of the sales of the book.'"
While this is all that appears on the matter in the Report of the Committee, it does not tell the whole story of the cost of producing the History, either in the aggregate, or as relates to the part paid by the tax-payers.
According to the printed town reports, the amounts actually paid from funds raised by taxation, on account of the History, were as follows: In 1911, $500; in 1912, $500; in 1913, $100; in 1914, $500; in 1918, $396.42 to Dr. F. W. Adams, for balance for printing and binding, and $10.78 in two items for freight and cartage on the completed books. These items total $2,007.20.
The property holders of Royalston paid taxes of about $2.50 on each $1000 of their assessed valuation, as it was listed in the years in which the money was raised, to cover this amount of $2,007.20, required in addition to the amounts received for the insertion of portraits and for books sold.
The books were ready for delivery late in March, 1918, so that the Committee had 9 months in which to settle with those who had contracted with Mr. Caswell for the insertion of pictures and for copies of the book, and to supply other de- mands for it. If about one-half, or 50, of the pages of pictures printed, were paid for at the advertised rate of $20 per page, and one-half, or 250, of the copies of the work printed, were paid for at the advertised price of $4 per copy, during the 9 months between the time when the books were ready for distribution and the clos- ing of the accounts for the year, then the Committee had about $2,000 from those sources, in addition to the amount appropriated and raised by taxation, to expend on the publication, before drawing the $396.42 from the town funds to pay the bal- ance for printing and binding. This would make the total cost of producing the work fully $4,000.
This cost of $4,000 for getting out the History of Royalston seems very large, especially when it is understood that most of the work was done before the exceed- ingly high prices for paper, half-tone cuts and labor, brought about as one of the results of the World War, went into effect. Perhaps the cost might have been kept down under different management.
In a large majority of cases, probably, the compilation of town histories is per- formed by people who are natives of the respective towns or who have resided in them long enough to have acquired a great amount of knowledge of their people and affairs, much of which the alien or stranger can secure only at large expense of time and effort, to say nothing of the financial outlay, if he secures it at all. And while the home compiler, by reason of his fascinated interest in the work, may put a large amount into it for which he neither expects nor receives any compensation, the stranger, naturally led into the work more by anticipation of the pay he expects to receive for his services than by sentimental urge, desires full remuneration for all that he may put into it. This may be one of the reasons why the cost of Caswell's History of Royalston has been apparently large. Other matters might be mentioned which contributed to the seeming excessive cost.
The story of the cost of Bartlett's Reflections on Royalston is somewhat differ- ent. I can truthfully say that I have not had a dollar of assistance in any way in the production of the work. There has been no town's money involved, nor has any person been solicited, or contracted or promised to pay for the publication of any picture or other matter, or for omitting the publication of anything. Neither has any person been asked, volunteered or agreed to buy a copy of the book. And I have endeavored to remunerate in a modest way the few people from whom I have asked or received information desired for publication.
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Reflections on Royalston
Back in 1911, when I began plotting this book about Royalston, the cost of everything used in the production of printed matter had dropped to the lowest point ever known in the history of this country, probably, with the trend toward lower costs, rather than higher. But soon that "whirlpool of destruction engulfing Europe" began its gyrations; and as metals and chemicals of almost every kind were required in enormous quantities for the production of "war materials," not only by the warring nations, but in the United States as well, where the "neutral" interests were busily engaged in supplying the combatants on all sides with the implements and materials for baleful warfare, prices began to rise, and in the course of a few years, when the "neutral" nation had "prepared," and then joined the combatants, the prices of practically everything climbed to an altitude which had never before been reached.
In 1911, paper like that used in this work was sold, in the quantities ordinarily bought by printers, at 412 to 6 cents per pound. As a result of the war conditions the price was gradually raised until it reached the highest point, around 1920, when it was about 17 cents, from which it has receded semewhat, until now, in 1927, it is about 11 cents per pound, or twice the price before the war.
An interesting fact in connection with the great increase in the cost of paper was that at one time a person could buy a copy of a popular weekly periodical for 5 cents, and after having read it, could sell it for more than he paid for it, as waste paper, to be used as a part of the material for the manufacture of new paper. The explanation of this anomoly was that the enormous cost of the new paper for the immense editions of the periodical, as well as the other vast expenses of pro- ducing it, were principally met by the charges for the insertion of advertisements, for some of which the rate was $7,000 per page for each issue. And the query as to the probable profitableness to the advertisers of such expensive advertising was met by the statement that it was not so much the profits from the advertising that were expected, but that the money was expended in advertising to keep profits down and thus evade the liability for heavy taxes on "excess profits" in war time. Probably those who indulged in this practice were noted as "patriotic citizens." Then there was a lot of propaganda that the supply of timber for wood pulp, very extensively used in the manufacture of paper, was likely to soon become exhausted; but that scare soon died out, and probably several times as much wood-pulp paper is being made in 1927, and used in the enormous advertising editions of newspapers and other periodicals, as was made and used 10 years earlier, and there is now no propaganda about shortage of material.
In 1911, good half-tone printing cuts, up to 10 square inches in size, were obtain- able at 50 cents each, when several were ordered at once, and 5 cents per square inch for larger ones. Some of those used in these Reflections were acquired at this price, and they are as good as others used for which a much higher price was paid. In 1918, when I had decided to go on with the printing and publication of these Reflections, I found that the price of half-tone cuts had been gradually increased to 5 or 6 times the former price, so that I would be obliged to pay from $2.50 to $3.00 each in 1918 for cuts like those I bought at 50 cents each in 1911; and the prices then established have been rigidly maintained.
Likewise the prices of printing machinery, type, tools and all accessories, were increased, at least 100 per cent., and sometimes much more than that.
Then when it came to labor, with millions of able-bodied and adequate-minded men expending all of their time, strength and ability on war affairs, there was a great demand for the labor of those not so engaged, and with the rapidly mount- ing costs of living, those who were able and willing to work could demand and secure munificent wages. Thus, while in the years around 1900 the stalwart yeo- men of Royalston worked on the highways for 15 cents an hour, and around 1910 for 1712 cents, their wage increased to 20 cents per hour in 1914, and 35 and 40 cents in 1922. In more thickly populated communities, the skilled workmen in the building trades received from $1.00 up to $1.50 or more per hour. And this was the rule in practically all occupations. Never before was there a time when the working man, woman or child received so much for his or her services. And, on account of the extraordinary cost of living, probably never before was it so diffi- cult for the person without a large reserve fund or a copious income to maintain a self-respecting existence.
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As I had never accepted or even asked for a subscription for a copy of this book, nor in any way placed myself under obligation to anyone with relation to it, and as I was doing everything in the way of its production entirely at my own ex- pense, when this overwhelming increase in the cost of production came about, I delayed on the work, hoping and expecting that with the ending of the war costs would gradually revert toward their former reasonable normal condition. But the reversion was slow in starting, and so slight in amount that costs are but little lower now, in 1927, than they were in 1920.
Under such conditions I could not afford to pay the war-time prices for "help" to get out the book, in addition to the war-time prices for materials. So I went slowly along with the work, on my own spare time, spending many days, weeks, and months on it, which some other people would have devoted to something of more importance-automobile riding, attending "movies," or some other popular form of divertisement. But I can truthfully say that no work that I have ever performed, at any price of remuneration, nor any so-called. "recreation," has been more enjoyable or afforded more solid satisfaction, than this seemingly unremuner- ative effort, stretched over so many years.
Although I had realized that the time was approaching when I would not like to stand up to all the details of the printing business, I had not made any plans or effort to sever my connection with it. In 1923, however, when a party made a proposal to take the plant off my hands at my own price for spot cash, I deemed it wise to accept the proposition, rather than wait longer and perhaps be obliged to unload at a disadvantage; so on the 75th anniversary of my birthday I consum- mated the deal which turned over to other parties the facilities which I had ac- cumulated during nearly 40 years in the printing business.
Thus I was left with these Reflections partially printed and without the means for the completion of the printing. I had thought that perhaps I might arrange to complete the work at my former plant, but conditions did not favor that plan. So I built an annex to my home, almost entirely with my own hands, and under various disadvantageous limitations and restrictions, in which I installed printing facilities similar to those I had sold, but on a smaller scale, and there I have con- tinued the "fascinating" work, and reaped enjoyment in every day and every hour that I have devoted to it.
But while I could be prodigal in the expenditure of my own time and labor, under the war-time exorbitant costs, the necessity for economy in materials be- came urgent. So I have used paper of a lighter weight than is ordinarily used for works of this character; this, however, has resulted in advantage to the reader, as it has prevented the work from becoming too ponderous to be held in the hand, and made the turning to desired pages much easier than is the case with books made up on thick paper, and sometimes further stiffened by the pasting of picture leaves onto the regular leaves, as in Caswell's History of Royalston.
In a further effort to economize, I have printed the larger part of the book in this small but strong-faced and easily readable type, which has resulted in giving nearly double the amount of reading matter that is given in the same amount of space in Caswell's History and other works printed in large and open-spaced type.
The enormous advance in the cost of half-tone printing cuts, mentioned on the previous page, made it necessary that the use of that class of illustrations should be limited to a much smaller number than I had at first intended to use. But, even while thus handicapped, a count shows that I have printed nearly double the num- ber of views, maps and other illustrations, "such as they are," that Mr. Caswell gave us, with the financial backing of the Town, in his official History of Royals- ton,-aside from the portraits. My first intention was to include portraits of some of the people who achieved prominence in Royalston, or who, having been born there, became conspicuous elsewhere; but the jump in the price of half-tone printing plates, previously mentioned, from 50 cents each to $2.50 or $3.00 apiece, led me to omit the portraits. I could not and would not adopt the plan of holding up people to pay a good round price for the insertion of their portraits or those of their relatives and friends, with the extremely complimentary notices included, of course. The remuneration in such cases should go in the other direction, and the compilers and publishers should pay well for the use of portraits and information calculated to make a work more interesting, valuable and profitable.
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Reflections on Royalston
ROYALSTON IN WORCESTER COUNTY HISTORY.
Somewhere about 1923 it was announced that a new History of Worcester County was to be issued. It was stated that the work would be under the edito- rial supervision of the venerable Worcester historian and antiquarian, Ellery Bicknell Crane, then about 87 years of age, whose previous work of a somewhat similar character, as mentioned on page 32, was issued in 1907. The latter work was brought out by the Lewis concern, extensive New York publishers of historical books, and is comprised in 3 large and well printed and well bound volumes.
The 3 volumes consist of more than 1300 pages, of which fully 400 are filled with biographical sketches; the other 900 pages contain general and special men- tion of the 61 communities in the County. And as the cities of Worcester, Fitch- burg, Leominster and Gardner, and the thriving towns of Southbridge, Milford, Clinton and Webster, by reason of their extensive population and business devel- opment, require liberal space, the smaller towns are restricted, Royalston being limited to 8 pages, with a few references in tabulated matter, like population, valuation, taxes, etc.
The matter in the 8 pages allotted to Royalston consists principally of liberal quotations from the excellent historical address of Hon. Fred W. Cross at the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration of 1915, and notations from Caswell's History of Royalston.
The work was sold by subscription, of course, and for the price the subscriber probably received the set of books and the biographical "illumination." Obviously local historians were employed in some of the larger places to prepare the matter required; but in the smaller communities the acceptable worker would be one who could easily impress his prospective patrons with the desirability of the combina- tion offer of the set of books and the biographical sketches, and at the same time, in a few hurried notes, get the skeletons of the biographies, to be dressed later.
With the work of compiling done by strangers, it is to be expected that some things will appear which are not correct; and so we are not shocked when we read about the "Phinias South Newton Library," the "John F. Bartlett Fund," "Sal- mon W. Farr," manufacturer, in Royalston. And while the Memorial gave the date of the incorporation of the town as February 16, 1765, and Mr. Caswell saw fit to change it to February 19, 1765, this new work gives it another yank, and informs us that "Royalston was given town privileges on February 17, 1765," which was Sunday. And, when staggered by Mr. Caswell's unreconcilable state- ments that Rev. Ebenezer W. Bullard's pastorate in Royalston began in 1852, that he served there for 16 years, and that he was dismissed Nov. 9, 1865, the compiler made a jump, and stated that Rev. Mr. Bullard's term of service was 1852-1866.
The names of Dr. Horace T. Hanks and Dr. Henry A. Deane are omitted from the 9 lines devoted to Royalston physicians, and Dr. Henry O. Adams is the only one mentioned as having been located at South Royalston.
As Hon. Alexander Hamilton Bullock and Mr. Crane were doubtless quite inti- mately associated in antiquarian, historical and genealogical work in Worcester, it was to be expected that Mr. Bullock would be given a liberal notice, but we find that mention of him is limited to 7 lines, in the chapter relating to Worcester.
There is one unique feature in the work. Apparently the original intention was to devote the first two volumes to the general historical matter and the third volume to the biographies. But the biographical matter and the accompanying portraits yielded a bulk that would have made a volume much thicker than either of the other volumes, and so the first 5 forms of 16 pages each, or 80 pages, of the biographical matter, as printed and fitted for the first pages of the third volume, were put over in the back part of the second volume. This would not have been so worthy of criticism but for the fact that the 80th page of biographical matter ends with a portion of a sketch of Albert Nelson Ellis, of Athol, and the last line of page 80, at the end of the second volume, ends with a fraction of his mother's name,- "Harriet (Whit-"- while the first line of the first page of the third volume, numbered 81, begins with the remainder of the name -"comb) Ellis." The situation reminds us of the advertisement: "Man wanted to work partly out- side and partly indoors."
Several Royalston people achieved positions in this bifurcated department.
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Reflections on Royalston
The following remarks by Mr. Crane provoke no criticism, but meet the ap- proval of this undignified tribunal:
"The status of the Town under the Colonial system is generally well under- stood. Just as the body politic of Massachusetts began as a corporation, the com- mercial Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, so the Town in its first days was a business corporation, a syndicate of adventurers, who in most cases, sought, secured and held a tract of land for personal profit, by virtue of a charter, or corporate instrument of the General Court, representing the Company of the Massachusetts Bay."
And then, following the statement that the proprietors of a new town usually built a meeting-house and made the support of religious worship a part of the bar- gain with those to whom they gave or sold land:
"They did so not so much from promptings of piety as for business reasons- the encouragement of settlers, and in fulfillment of the conditions of their land- grants, which would be void unless a certain number of families were settled upon the tract within a stated period."
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES.
Rev. Francis J. Fairbanks, after resigning the pastorate of the Second Con- gregational Church at South Royalston, in 1920, retained his residence there for a time, but later removed to the home of a son, in the vicinity of Philadelphia, where he died, Sept. 13, 1927, at the age of 93 years. Funeral services were held in the Second Congregational Church, and burial was in Riverside Cemetery. Mention of his career and his family will be found on pages 210, 112, 116, 132, 169, 172, 213, 222.
Dea. Colin Mackenzie died Nov. 5, 1927, after an illness of a few weeks. The funeral was held at his home, and burial was in Lawrence Brook Cemetery. Notes relating to him and his family appear on pages 304, 26, 59, 83, 84, 113, 132, 295.
Arthur Aquila Upham died at Whitewater, Wis., in November, 1927. Page 315. Herbert W. French died at Canobie Lake, N. H., in December, 1927. Page 319.
Mrs. Emeline E. (White) Mackenzie, after having faithfully served for 30 years, resigned her position as Librarian of the Phinehas S. Newton Public Library, in October, 1927. During her service the circulation of the library in- creased from 1905 books in 1897, to 7242 books in 1925.
Gertrude Eva Brown, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Brown, was mar- ried, June 28, 1927, at the home of her parents, to George L. Miller, of Northfield, Massachusetts. The name of the state is emphasized because a sister of the bride was married and made her home in Northfield, Vermont. See story of the Brown Family, pages 273-276.
In 1926, when repairs were being made on the First Congregational Church building, it was discovered that the steeple was in bad condition, weakened by de- cay, and unsafe. It was estimated that the cost of properly repairing it would be about $3,000. Back in the time from 1850 to 1900 similar expense would probably have been met by voluntary donations from the wealthy and solicited subscriptions from other residents of the parish, down to the "widow's mite." But the affluent parishoners have passed away, and it would probably be almost impossible to raise so large an amount by popular subscription from the "common people." Whether by pre-arrangement, or simply because it happened so, a large amount was secured through the proceeds of entertainments, given not only by local talent but by vol- unteers from neighboring towns, and some farther away, where friends arranged for some of the best features given. But the biggest money catcher came in the form of a "field day," which was "staged" on Wednesday, Aug. 31, 1927, as the result of much hard work on the part of many individuals. With assistance from Athol and elsewhere, a mild "carnival" was held, with musical, sporting and other diversions, and, of course, lots of things to eat and drink. A chicken-pie dinner was served to 500 people. The receipts of the "carnival" were $1,148.25, and the expenses were $569.50, leaving a net income of $578.75; in addition to which dona- tions amounting to $581.00 were handed in that day. Among the elderly "Royals- ton people" present were: Mrs. Marilla Amanda (Waste) Stone, 97; Augustus J. Fisher, of Orange, 91; Thomas J. Adams, 88; Charles W. Deane, 82.
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