USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1880 > Part 8
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On the schools, therefore, devolves the labor, not only of teaching the correct use of language, but - what is a much more difficult task - of eradicating erroneous habits of speech, and of counteracting pernicious examples.
All approved methods for assisting pupils to acquire facility in the correct use of language are employed in our schools. In the primary schools the youngest children are encouraged to give ex- pression to their thoughts. As soon as they can write they begin to construct sentences, to describe pictures and to write stories suggested by them, to reproduce from memory stories read or related to them by their teachers. They receive instruction in
145
letter-writing, in the use of capitals and punctuation marks. In the grammar schools every recitation is made an exercise in lan- guage. Pupils, in giving their answers, are required to make complete statements in their own language, except when rules or definitions are recited. They make a note of all inaccurate or inelegant expressions which they observe. and at stated periods these are corrected. Exercises in composition are of frequent occurrence. Technical grammar is introduced at the beginning of the last half of the third year, and is studied during the remainder of the grammar-school course. In the High School, the study of language, in some form, engrosses a large share of time and attention.
In this brief summary we have merely outlined the course of study pursued in the grammar schools. In the High School the range of topics pursued is broader, and the course of study is more extended ; but pupils, in consequence of their greater maturity and the habits of study which they have formed, find themselves equal to the work required of them in that school.
All subjects of thought and study are exhaustless. The most profound students, who make some single topic a specialty for a lifetime, do not advance far beyond the rudiments of their favorite study. That renowned philosopher, whose researches surpassed those of all other men, at the close of a long life of laborious study, and with vast accumulations of knowledge, compared himself to a child picking up pebbles on the shore of the great sea of truth.
The studies of the schools are necessarily elementary in character and limited in extent, but the work performed by them is by no means superficial. Pupils who faithfully and industriously pursue the course of study marked out for them, - and most of them do, - lay for themselves a firm foundation for the studies and duties of subsequent years. They gain possession of the keys of knowledge, develop their mental energies, acquire habits of study, of self-con- trol, self-reliance, order, promptness, punctuality, obedience, respect for authority and the rights of others.
The observations of each succeeding year enhance our estimation
10
146
of the importance of our public-school system, and of the wisdom of those by whom it was inaugurated, - a system that secures to all, irrespective of social condition, the means for obtaining a substan- tial education, and from whose elevating influences thousands of youths yearly go forth to assume the responsibilities of citizens and to adorn and bless the communities in which they dwell.
With sincere thanks to you, gentlemen, for your uniform kind- ness and co-operation, this report is respectfully submitted.
J. H. DAVIS, Superintendent of Public Schools.
DECEMBER 27, 1880.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
SOMERVILLE MYSTIC WATER BOARD.
1880.
CITY OF SOMERVILLE.
IN BOARD OF MAYOR AND ALDERMEN, Feb. 22, 1881.
Report accepted. Referred to the Committee on Printing, with instruc- tions to print the same in the Annual Report of 1880. Sent down for con- currence.
CHARLES E. GILMAN, Clerk.
Concurred in.
IN COMMON COUNCIL, Feb. 23, 1881.
DOUGLAS FRAZAR, Clerk.
CITY OF SOMERVILLE.
IN WATER BOARD, Feb. 3, 1881.
To the Water Board of the City of Somerville :
The Somerville Mystic Water Board respectfully submit their report for the year ending Dec. 31, 1880, and with it the report of the superintendent, giving in detail a statement of the city's prop- erty in water works and the work accomplished under his super- vision during the year.
In brief, his report shows the total amount of distribution of water pipe, now laid in the city of Somerville, to 45 miles and 852 feet.
Whole number of stop-gates set, 370.
Whole number fire hydrants, 278.
There have been added to the distribution mains 1,331 feet. There have been relaid 1,340 feet.
Two stop-gates and eight hydrants have been set.
Four stop-gates have been removed.
Ninety-four new service pipes have been laid in length, 3,462} feet, at an average cost of $18.25 each.
Water is supplied to 3,569 dwelling-houses, 4,700 families, 139 stores and saloons, 10 churches, 29 offices, halls, and clubs, 26 manufactories, 85 public schools, 654 stables, 271 fire hydrants, 8 public drinking fountains, and 40 miscellaneous.
Value of water works, Dec. 31, 1880, $342,000.
We refer to the report of the city treasurer for details of the expenditures on the construction, maintainance, and service account.
150
As in previous reports, the attention of the Board is directed by the superintendent, this year, to the perishing condition of the pipe that was laid from 1865 to 1870 by the American Patent Water and Gas Pipe Company.
This list of streets, sixteen in number, is a most formidable one to contemplate when we consider the fact that every foot of pipe in them ought to be replaced this year.
It must, however, be borne in mind that this pipe when laid was warranted for only five years, and that it was made when its man- ufacture was only an experiment, and the quality vastly inferior to that of the pipe made and laid by the Board at the present time.
It is our conviction that the durability of this imperfect pipe made by the American Patent Water and Gas Pipe Company, which has fairly stood the test of from twelve to fifteen years' work, justifies us in the opinion that the pipe we are now making will prove to be as imperishable as stone.
With more perfect machinery for its manufacture, that will obvi- ate all danger from defective lining, we believe this cement pipe may be made comparatively perfect, with a durability nearly if not quite equal to that of iron, and at about two thirds cost.
This view of the situation, we think, justifies us in asking for such liberal appropriations for this work as will secure the relay- ing of such of those streets as are actually in a perilous condition, thereby saving the city from the wasteful expense of constant repairs that cost extravgantly without effecting a remedy.
We regard it as economy for the city to borrow money, if need be, with which to do this work, rather than spend many times the amount of interest paid for such loan on patches and repairs that afford only temporary relief.
March 22, 1880, it was ordered by the City Council that the ex- pense and maintenance of the fire hydrants be transferred from the Fire Department to the Somerville Mystic Water Board.
Since that time this charge has been an item of no inconsiderable expense to the Board, which fact we commend to your notice in the appropriation of moneys.
During the summer and fall just past, the extreme drought which prevailed made it necessary to restrict the consumption of water,
151
in accordance with instructions issued by the Boston Water Com- missioners. To deprive our citizens of the full and unrestricted use of that for which they are paying so liberally, and have such a large amount of money invested, is a hardship not easily borne. Especially heavy has the burden been felt by the citizens living on the highlands of Somerville, whose water supply, always secondary to that of residents on the lowlands, is never fully adequate to their wants, never sufficient to be a security against the damages of fire, and to some an absolute failure in times of drought. This state- ment applies, in a greater or lesser degree, to at least 250 houses, occupied by more than 400 families, on Winter, Central, and Spring Hills. There are about 225 acres of beautiful land on these hills, of an average value of more than $9,000 per acre, and a total valua- tion exceeding $2,000,000, a large portion of which lies unimproved ; which fact, it is fair to assume, is in a measure due to the present inefficient means of water supply.
The constant appeal which, through long suffering, is made by the people living on the highlands, for some means to be devised that shall meet this need of high service, cannot be relieved by this Board without the co-operation of the City Council.
To introduce a system which will effectually remedy the existing evil, and furnish to the inhabitants of that district a supply of water commensurate with the demand made upon them in payment there- of, will incur the expenditure of a large sum of money. It is a matter of such great importance, and the call for relief is so urgent, that this Board respectfully suggest the necessity of a careful con- sideration of the matter by the City Council, to the end that some relief may be devised.
Respectfully submitted,
EDWARD FOOTE,
Chairman.
SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
To the Somerville Mystic Water Board :
GENTLEMEN, - The annual report of the Superintendent of the Somerville Mystic Water Works is respectfully submitted, com- prising a statement of all work performed under my direction from Dec. 31, 1879, to Dec. 31, 1880.
WATER PIPE LAID, GATES AND HYDRANTS SET, 1880.
LOCATION.
Distribution Pipe laid.
Stop-Gates
set 6-inch.
Hydrants
Hydrant Pipe laid.
set.
6 in.
8 in.
4 in.
6 in.
Columbus Ave., from Bonner Ave., easterly ..
168
1
9
Hathorn St., Broadway to Arlington St.
376
1
1
18
*John P. Squire & Co.'s premises
480
175
1
1
Merriam St., near Charlestown St.
1
7
Oxford St., near Trull Lane
1
8
Somerville Ave., end old pipe to near Franklin Ct.
42
Somerville Ave., near and east of Beech St.
1
18
Washington St., near and east of Franklin Ave ...
1
17
Washington St., near and west of Florence St ...
1
13
1,066
175
2
8
42
48
Homer Square
. .
* Cost of manufacture and laying paid by John P. Squire & Co.
153
WATER PIPE RELAID IN 1880.
LOCATION.
3 in.
4 in.
6 in.
8 in.
10 in.
Allen Street.
240
Allen Street, near Charlestown Street.
14
Beacon Street, near Ivaloo Street.
14
Beacon Street, near Park Street
7
Beacon Street, near Concord Avenue
7
Belmont Street, near Summer Street
7
Brook Street ..
14
Cedar Street, near Clyde Street
7
Cedar Street, near Murdock Street
7
Chestnut Street, near Poplar Street.
7
Craigie Street, near Elm Street
14
Cutter Street, near Broadway
14
Elm Street, near Somerville Avenue.
8
Franklin Street, near Oliver Street .
7
Franklin Street, near Washington Street
21
George Street ..
14
Hanson Strect, near Nevada Avenue.
14
*Holland Street, east of and near Elmwood Street.
35
tJohn P. Squire & Company's premises
764
236
Kent Court, near Kent Street
7
Linden Avenue ...
7
Linden Street, near Charlestown Street.
7
Linwood Street, near Congress Place ..
7
Medford Street, near Somerville Avenue
7
Myrtle Street, near Washington Street
7
Pinckney Street, near Pearl Street.
7
Porter Street, near Elm Street ..
7
Sacramento Street, near Beacon Street
7
Shawmut Street, near Medford Street
7
Skehan Street, near Dane Street.
7
7
7
Totals
7
164
877
257
35
* Old pipe relaid on new foundation.
t Relaid on account of changes in buildings : cost paid by J. P. Squire & Co.
DISTRIBUTION MAINS.
The distribution mains have been extended 1,331 feet during the year. There are now about 45 miles of mains laid in the city ; upon this length 61 leaks occurred during the past year. These leaks were caused as follows : -
By rust (pipes imperfectly covered)
13
By defective lining of pipe
32
By settling of earth .
·
.
5
By blows from picks .
3
Joint leaks .
8
-
Total
.
61
.
·
Somerville Avenue, in Union Square.
Somerville Avenuc, near Belmont Street.
Mondamin Court, near Ivaloo Street
Nevada Avenue, ncar Village Strect.
7
154
A portion of the Holland Street ten-inch main, referred to in my last annual report, has been taken up, and relaid on a new founda- tion, and is now in good order.
I would call your attention to the condition of the pipe in the following named streets, upon which several breaks have occurred .: Wherever examined they have been found in bad condition, and in my opinion they will need extensive repairs or renewals the coming season : -
Feet.
Allen Street
650
Beacon Streeet .
· 3,800
Cross Street, from Broadway to Pearl Street ·
1,150
Cutter Street
800
Ellsworth Street
300
Franklin Street, Oliver Street to Washington
Street
600
Hanson Street
800
Irving Street
1,200
Kent Court
300
Linden Avenue .
1,100
Mount Vernon Street, Broadway to Perkins Street
600
Myrtle Street, from Washington Street, northerly, 900
Nevada Avenue
200
Skehan Street .
350
Walnut Street
. .
500
Webster Street .
400
.
.
·
The pipes in Franklin Street, from Oliver Street to Washington Street, and in Myrtle Street, from Washington Street northerly, mentioned above, should receive immediate attention. During the last three years breaks have been frequent, and the mere closing of a gate or hydrant is liable to make a break, which is often the cause of serious damage.
By order of your Board about 1000 feet of the pipe laid for John P. Squire & Co., in 1878, was taken up and relaid in a new location, on account of new buildings. In addition to this, 480 feet of six-
155
inch pipe and 175 feet of eight-inch pipe was laid on their premises to which were connected one six-inch Holyoke hydrant and one six- inch gate. The expense of these improvements, amounting to $1,242.05, was borne by Squire & Co.
SERVICE PIPES.
The whole uumber of services laid for family and other purposes has been 94. Total length of pipe used, 3,463} feet. Average cost of each service was $18.25. Forty leaks have occurred during the past year, and were caused as follows : by defective soldering, 20; by settling of earth, 6 ; by blows from picks, 4; by defective couplings, 10 : total, 40.
Forty-seven corporation stops which had become stopped by rust were retapped. Eleven services were stopped by fish. Twenty- six cast-iron gate-boxes have been substituted for decayed wooden ones. A large number must be removed this season, as they are decayed and filled up, rendering them worthless.
STAND PIPE FOR WATERING STREETS.
Two new stand pipes have been set, one on Somerville Avenue, opposite Mossland Street, and one on Elm Street, near the L. & A. Railroad, making the number now in use nineteen.
One on Pearl Street has been moved two hundred feet toward Walnut Street ; repairs have been made at a cost of $33.
I would recommend that instead of setting any more new stand pipes, a Holyoke hydrant be set with a stand pipe attached.
DRINKING FOUNTAINS.
All are in good order except that in Union Square, referred to in my last report. Some change must be made in this before it can be again used.
STOP-GATES.
One six-inch gate has been set on the new main located in Hathorn Street, on the southerly line of Broadway, and one on the main in the premises of J. P. Squire & Co. Four have been re-
156
moved, there being no further use for them: namely, one on School Street, near Montrose Street, four-inch blow-off; one on Holland Street, near and south of Elmwood Street, four-inch blow- off; one on the old four-inch Middlesex Street main in Broadway, near Winthrop Avenue ; and one on the eight-inch main in Pearl Street, between Franklin and Myrtle Streets. Four gates have been moved to new locations : namely, two in Union Square ; one moved to the crossing at Washington Street and Webster Avenue, and the other to the crossing at Bow Street and Warren Avenue ; two in Summer Street; one moved to Cherry Street crossing, and the other to Spring Street crossing. The two first-mentioned were moved on account of the construction of the new horse railroad ; and the two last-mentioned because, being in the roadway, they were continually needing repairs.
Repairs upon stop-gates have been made as follows : 146 have had new boxes ; 54 have been repacked ; 10 have had general re- pairs. All have been examined and oiled, and are now in good order.
Some of the gates on old mains should be be re-located, in order to avoid shutting off too large a territory when necessary repairs are to be made. The number of gates now in use is 370.
HYDRANTS.
Eight new hydrants have been set during the year. Their loca- tions, selected by the chief engineer of the fire department, are as follows : -
Columbus Avenue, south side, near and east of Bonner Avenue.
Homer Square, northwesterly side.
John P. Squire & Co.'s premises.
Merriam Street, west side, near Charlestown Street.
Oxford Street, north side, near Trull Lane.
Somerville Avenue, north side, near and east of Beach Street. Washington Street, north side, near and east of Franklin Avenue. Washington Street, north side. near and west of Florence Street.
Eight hydrants have been taken out, and replaced by four new and four repaired ones. Eighteen have had new valves ; six have
157
had new rods ; eight have had new caps on outlets ; five have had new standard bolts aud nuts ; all have had the usual attention paid them The frost-jackets referred to in my last report remain the same, and must be attended to next season, as they interfere with the waste. The whole number of hydrants now in use is 278.
The new hydrants set during the last three years are of the Holyoke pattern, and have given entire satisfaction. The follow- ing points show the superiority of these hydrants over those in which leather plugs are used for valves.
The hydrant is anti-freezing ; as it dips below the main, expan- sion and contraction do not affect it. It can be examined without shutting off the water from the main pipe. The valve is adjustable in case of wear, and it is impossible to get a water-hammer on the pipe, as it shuts against the pressure. The valve-rod can be re- moved by simply removing the nut. It is impossible to clog it with sticks and stones. It opens and closes easily, gradually shut- ting off the water, hence there is no concussion or bursting of the pipe in closing.
SUMMARY OF DISTRIBUTION WATER PIPES LAID IN SOMERVILLE TO JAN. 1, 1881.
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
Total Miles and Feet.
12 inch.
10 inch.
8 inch.
6 inch.
4 inch.
3 inch.
21/2 inch.
2 inch.
Miles.
Feet.
Laid previous to Jan. 1, 1879
8,614.6
4,586.0
35,281.6
92,896.7
85,495.0
7,872.5
270.0
1,388.0
44
4,084.4
Laid in 1879.
551.0
*166.0
717.0
Laid in 1880
175.0
1,114.0
42.0
....
1,331.0
Total laid to Jan. 1881.
8,614.6
4,586.0
35,456.6
94,561.7
85,703.0
7,872.5
270.0
1,388.0
45
852.4
Replaced by larger pipe . . ..
433.0
...
433.0
Total
8,614.6
4,586.0
35,456.6
94,561.7
85,703.0
7,872.5
270.0
955.0
45
419 4
. .
* Including thirty-six feet of hydrant pipe omitted in table published in report of 1879.
153
159
STOCK ACCOUNT.
Pipe lined,
$353 30
Pipe not lined,
387 44
Gates,
195 00
Sleeves,
21 30
Sheet-iron branches,
171 70
Cast-iron pipe,
51 78
Sheet iron,
993 00
Cast-iron branches lined,
72 00
Hydrants, 3 Holyoke, $126.00 ; 1 Boston, $22.00,
148 00
Water service materials,
814 93
Total amount of available stock,
$3,208 45
Sundry tools, horse, wagons, etc., etc., as per inven- tory on file,
$3,261 04
Total amount of stock, tools, etc , on hand Dec. 1,
1880,
$6,469 49
Respectfully submitted,
NATHANIEL DENNETT, Superintendent.
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CITY ENGINEER OF SOMERVILLE. 1880.
CITY OF SOMERVILLE.
IN BOARD OF ALDERMEN, Jan. 25, 1881.
Accepted and referred to the Committee on Printing with instructions to print the same in the Annual Reports for 1880. Sent down for concur rence.
CHARLES E. GILMAN, Clerk.
Concurred in.
IN COMMON COUNCIL, Jan. 26, 1881.
DOUGLAS FRAZAR, Clerk.
CITY OF SOMERVILLE.
CITY ENGINEER'S OFFICE, Jan. 5, 1881. To His Honor the Mayor and the City Council :
GENTLEMEN, - The City Engineer presents the following report for the year 1880.
SEWERS.
Nine thousand one hundred and ninety-one feet of sewers have been built during the year, as follows : Brick, 5,731.5 feet ; pipe, 3,459.5 feet. In these were built 44 manholes, 1 flushing chamber, and 724 inlets. The following table will show the location, cost, assessment, length, size, etc., of each sewer : .
19L
TABULAR STATEMENT OF SEWERS BUILT IN 1880.
LOCATION.
CONSTRUCTION.
COST.
Name of Street.
From
To
Built by
Materials.
Size in
inches.
Manholes.
Inlets.
Length
in feet.
Average
cut.
Average cost per foot.
Total cost.
Assessment.
Cost to city.
Appleton Street . Willow Avenue .
End of old sewer ... Appleton Street ...
Willow Avenue. Northerly ...
Sewer Department . .
Brick
20×133 20×133
0
2
73.0 }
8.6
$1.09
$150.98
$115.90
$35 08
Pearl Street ....
Veazic Street .... Walnut Strect ...
Dennis O'Connell ...
24×17
2
32
382.5
5.9
1.37 {
933.22
703.60
229.62
Bradley Strect ....
Mead Street .....
Holland Street. .. Westerly .
Richard Falvey ..
Brick
24×17
1
25
300.0
94
1.39
415.80
312.55
103.25
Dennis O'Connell.
Akron Pipe. .
12
2
22
279.5
11.4
1.42
398.07
293 04
105.03
Highland Avc ...
Grove Strect .... Claremon Street ... End of old sewer ... Near Newbury St. Holland Street ....
Dennis O'Connell ..
.
..
.
·
12
0
12
9
188.0
9.5
1.32
329.35
188.93
140.42
3Broadway ...
Kent Street ....
Boacon Strcet ....
Pike & Brigham
Brick
24×17
2
35
463.0 }
9.1
1.84
1,470.24
784.28
685 96
12
1
22
288.0
7.0
1.03 5
Garden Court ... Palmer Avenue ..
Fitchburg R. R ... .. Franklin Street ....
Palmer Avenue ..
Fountain Av ....
66
24×17
1
20
22}×15
1
26
250.0
8.4
1.52)
36×24
6
147
1841.0
10.0
2.98
5,495.16
2,747.15
12
2
25
297.5
5 9
1 06
315.15
237.48
77.67
Dane Street
Maurice Terry ..
Akron Pipe. . Brick ..
24×17
1
6
144.0 } 881.0
10.0
1.34
1,379.60
1,035.78
343.82
24×17
3
75
385.0
10.6
2.09
1,444.79
1,112 04
332.75
Patrick Terry .
12
2
9
134.0
6 2
1.41
187.68
93 70
93.98
44
724
9191.0
$16,350.20
$10,009.50
$6,340.70
REBUILT.
5Pearl Street ..... | Cross Street ....... | Westerly ........ | J. & J. McCarty ..... | Brick
36×24
2
36
499.0
[10.3|
$2.65
$1,323.29
$1,323.29
12.7 cubic yards of rock. 2 5 cubic yards of rock.
$ 8 cubic yards of rock.
4 24.5 cubic yards of rock.
5 20} cubic yards of rock.
Total length of sewers built previous to Jan. 1, 1880 Total length of sewers built during the year 1880
149.358.8 feet. 9,191.0 Kč
Total
158,549.8 " or 30 miles.
1 Bradley Street .. Veazie Street .... Cameron Ave .... Greenville St .... Hathorn Strect ...
Broadway ..
n. Arlington St ... Elm Street ..... n. Newbury St ... Holland Street ... Broadway ..
Maurice Terry . ..
12
3
37
471.5
9.9
1.15
543.48
407.34
136.14
3
29
358.0 }
9.1
1 27
589.37
444.07
145.30
Holland Strcet ... 2Claremon Strect. Holland Strect ...
Kent Street ... .
n. Clarendon Av. Fitchburg R. R . Garden Court ... n. Somerville Av. Westerly .
Richard Falvey.
Akron Pipe. . Brick
24×17
2
12
197.0
24×17
2
29
353.0
3.8
2.43 )
2,261.47
1,135.38
1,126.09
City's land
Fountain Av ..... 4 Pearl Street ..... Skehan Street ... Russell Square .. Summier Strect .. Washington St ... Tufts Strect .... Willow Place. ...
Russell Square .... Franklin Street .... Washington Strect. South Strect.
Dennis O'Connell.
36×24
1
32
3
12
548.0
9.0
1 16
Akron Pipe. .
12
2
31
357.0
5.6
1.15
435.84
398.26
37.58
Maurice Terry ..
12
2
32
370.0
8.8
1.18
-
·
1
12
0
. .
66
24×17
1
7
174 0 S
FitchburgR R ...
End of old sewer ..
J. & J. McCarty ..
...
Near Cross St. .. Marshall Street .. Near Hanson St. Summer Street .. Willow Avenue . Tufts Street ..... Northerly ... Cambridge line ..
. .
12
.
5
106.0
6
62.0
223.0 )
Private lands ....
Elm Street . . .
Chas. A. Mongan . ... "
Akron Pipe ..
12
0
7
65.0
Medford Strect. ...
2,748.01
165
PEARL STREET SEWER.
A sewer was built in Pearl Street, from the old sewer near Cross Street to and connecting with the Marshall Street sewer. The con- nection was so made that during heavy rain-storms and when the Marshall Street sewer is surcharged, the overflow will pass into the Pearl Street sewer. It is probable that by reason of this connection the Marshall Street sewer will, to a certain extent, be relieved, and it may prevent the flooding of cellars ; but the conveying of this overflow to the Cross Street sewer will be liable to cause the same trouble on Cross Street and the immediate vicinity.
The old sewer in Pearl Street, near Cross Street, built in 1872, was found defective in many places. Near the westerly end, the 30-inch water main and the sewer were laid at the same depth, thereby preventing the connection of lateral sewers and drains on the southerly side unless laid over the water main. The connection of the new sewer with the old one, as built in 1872, would have- continued the same trouble for a long distance. Therefore, the old sewer, for its entire length, was rebuilt at a lower grade.
SEWER OUTLETS.
At the sewer outlet under Cragie Bridge, in East Cambridge, the sewage has collected on the flats and under the wharves, and is a cause of complaint.
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