Report of the city of Somerville 1901, Part 23

Author: Somerville (Mass.)
Publication date: 1901
Publisher: Somerville, Mass.
Number of Pages: 552


USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1901 > Part 23


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Gentlemen,-I have the honor to submit the following re- port for the time beginning with April 3, 1901, and ending De- cember 31, 1901.


The laboratory is now situated at 50 College avenue, West Somerville, near Davis square. Telephone, 237-3 Somerville.


The work of the laboratory consists of the examination of specimens of suspected cases of diphtheria, tuberculosis, and typhoid. Specimens are received at the laboratory daily through- out the year from 8.30 A. M. to 6 P. M.


Outfits for the collection of specimens from diphtheria, tuberculosis, and typhoid are kept at certain drug stores, ap- pointed for the purpose, and known as "culture stations." (See list, page 291.) After the specimen is collected, it may be sent directly to the laboratory ; or, if preferred, it may be left at the culture station from which the outfit was obtained. If received at the culture station early enough (4 P. M.), it will be forwarded free to the laboratory the same day. Typhoid specimens may be mailed to the laboratory, but diphtheria and tuberculosis speci- mens must not be sent by mail under any circumstances. It is important that the diphtheria outfit should reach the laboratory on the same day the culture is taken.


Early reports from specimens are of importance chiefly in cultures for diphtheria diagnosis. All other work is subordi- nated to obtaining these results quickly. All positives for diag- nosis and all doubtful or unsatisfactory specimens where a sec- ond examination may be desirable are reported to the physician by telephone. Other results are not reported by telephone un- less requested by the physician. All results are reported to the physician by mail, whether telephoned or not. The diphtheria results are usually ready by 10 A. M. The tuberculosis and typhoid results are available later.


293


HEALTH DEPARTMENT.


Somerville physicians may send specimens from patients re- siding within or outside of Somerville. Physicians residing out- side of Somerville may send specimens from patients residing in Somerville. When both physician and patient reside outside of Somerville the specimen must be sent to the State Board of Health or the Board of Health laboratory of the city in which the patient or physician resides.


DIPHTHERIA.


The diphtheria outfit consists of one blood serum culture tube, one swab tube, a card to be filled out by the physician, and a card of directions, all enclosed in a pasteboard sliding box, which is disinfected with Formaldehyde gas each time before it is sent out. Before taking the outfit from the culture station, the physician should inspect the serum tube, and, if it is dry or bad, should reject it. A fresh tube always has a few drops of the liquid of condensation in its bottom. When this water of con- densation disappears, either from evaporation or from the reason of the tube having been inverted and the liquid absorbed by the stopper, the serum dries rapidly and soon becomes untrustworthy for culture work. It is a wise precaution, therefore, to keep the tubes in an upright position at all times, and above all not to re- place the tubes in the box in such a way that when the box is held upright the tubes are upside down. When a rapid or swab examination is desired, it is a good plan to rub the swab upon the suspected area in the nose or throat a second time after the inoculation of the tube. The swab is then returned directly to the swab tube. This procedure increases the amount of material available for examination.


All cultures received at the laboratory before 6 P. M. are put into the thermostat at 37 degrees C over night, and will be examined at 9 A. M. the following day. An incubation of from twelve to eighteen hours is to be desired in every culture. Cul- tures which remain over night at the culture station, as a rule, are not reliable. Unless they are found to be positive, they will be reported as unsatisfactory.


A negative report will be sent with a request for another cul- ture whenever (a) the clinical diagnosis is diphtheria, (b) mem- brane is present on the pharynx or tonsil, or (c) it is a laryngeal case, or (d) there is any doubt as to the nature of the bacilli.


A report of "no growth" or "unsatisfactory" signifies that, for the reason of a dry tube, or the presence of a liquefying bacil- lus, or the antiseptic treatment of the local lesion, or for some other reason, the culture is unreliable. Such a result is abso- lutely of no value.


Diphtheria may be defined as a toxaemia produced by the toxins of the Kloebs-Loeffler or diphtheria bacillus. A clinical condition known to be due to lead, whether mild or severe, or whatever the particular symptoms happen to be, is properly


294


ANNUAL REPORTS.


termed plumbism. So a clinical condition due to diphtheria toxins, whether mild or severe, or whatever the particular sym- toms, is properly classified as diphtheria. This is important from a therapeutic point of view, since it indicates the treatment. It also determines the complications and sequelae we are to ex- pect. It is of value to the public health in classifying the nature and infectiousness of the disease.


If a patient from whom a positive culture has been obtained shows no symptoms of any kind, it may be inferred that the toxins of the bacillus are absent, or that they are completely neutralized by the body fluids. But so long as diphtheria bacilli remain in the nose and throat of the patient, that patient con- stitutes a source from which others may become infected with the diphtheria bacillus. Yet it can not be said that such a patient is suffering from the disease of diphtheria.


The absence of the diphtheria bacillus is, on the other hand, complete proof of the absence of the disease, since we know that the diphtheria toxins cannot be formed without the presence of the diphtheria bacillus. The difficulty lies in the fact that we cannot always prove absolutely that the diphtheria bacilli are in reality absent. The bacilli may be present in the nose and throat, and yet not appear in the culture,-especially if only one culture is taken. In laryngeal cases, where the seat of the lesion is hard to reach, it is often difficult to get a positive culture. Hence, while one negative culture is of some value, three or four cultures should be taken in suspicious cases before the clinical diagnosis is overruled by the bacteriological results alone.


TUBERCULOSIS.


The outfit for suspected tubercular sputum consists of a square, wide-mouthed bottle of about one-half ounce capacity with a well-fitting cork, enclosed in a pasteboard box, inside of which are two cards,-one to be filled out by the physician ; the other consists of directions. The bottle is sent out half filled with a solution of five per cent. carbolic acid to obviate the danger of infection in the laboratory. The carbolic acid not only kills the bacilli, but acts as a mordant, and improves their stain- ing qualities. No bottle containing sputum will be examined if leakage occurs during transit, or if sent in any form other than the regular tuberculosis outfit furnished by the laboratory of the Board of Health. Sputum specimens are usually examined on the morning following their receipt.


A single negative does not demonstrate the absence of the tubercle bacillus in the given specimen, nor, if that absence be confirmed by repeated examinations of successive specimens, is the absence of the disease necessarily established. A negative result from the examination of the sputum of a patient suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis may be because of (a) the improper collection of the sputum,-saliva instead of true pulmonary ex-


295


HEALTH DEPARTMENT.


pectoration, (b) the presence of but few bacilli,-too few to be detected by the microscopic method, (c) the absence of the bacilli from the sputum in spite of the undoubted presence of the disease. This latter condition may be explained by the fact that there is little or no breaking down of lung tissue in the early stages of chronic pulmonary troubles; this is also true of the acute miliary form of tuberculosis. Therefore, a single nega- tive report should not be allowed to reverse a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.


TYPHOID FEVER.


In the examination of the blood for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, the dried blood variation of the Widal reaction is used. The outfit consists of an aluminum foil upon which a drop of the blood is to be dried and a small copper-wire loop for transferring the blood to the foil. With this foil are two cards,-one to be filled out by the physician, and the other is a card of directions. These are all enclosed in a manilla envelope. The physician must furnish his own needle. After the blood has been taken, and allowed to dry thoroughly on the foil, the outfit may be en- closed in an envelope and mailed (postage two cents) to the laboratory, or sent to the laboratory, or left at a culture station. A report by mail may be expected in about twenty-four hours after the receipt of the blood preparation.


The dilution practiced is one to ten; the time limit is one- half hour. If loss of motility and well-marked clumping occur within the time limit, the report is returned as positive. If loss of motility occurs, with no clumping, the report is returned as negative, with a request for another specimen.


The Widal reaction is obtained from the blood as the result of the opposition of the body forces to the toxins of the typhoid bacillus. It is not necessarily essential that the patient should have the ordinary symptoms, etc., of intestinal typhoid fever in order to give the Widal reaction. It is enough that the patient should suffer from the effect of the toxins of the typhoid bacillus, whatever the clinical or anatomical conditions. The reaction, once established, may last for years after recovery, although it usually disappears in a few months. Thus the presence of the reaction means the existence at some time past or present of an infection of the typhoid bacillus.


It is important for the physician to know if the patient has previously had typhoid fever, and, if so, how long before. If the previous illnesses show nothing resembling typhoid, it will be safe to conclude, in the presence of a positive Widal, that the present illness is due to a typhoid infection. The Widal reaction is usually not obtainable before the fifth day of the disease.


The following summary is taken from Cabot (Clinical Ex- amination of the Blood, Fourth Edition) :-


296


ANNUAL REPORTS.


"The blood of over ninety-five per cent. of all cases of typhoid shows a clumping power in some part of their course, but in at least half the cases this does not appear until the second week of the disease, while in a small number of cases it first appears in relapse or convalescence. The clumping power may disappear before the defervescence, and may be present only eight days in all; as a rule, it persists from the sixth or eighth day until convalescence is established.


"In diseases other than typhoid a clump reaction is very rarely to be obtained, provided a dilution of at least one to ten is used with a time limit of half an hour. There is no one disease in which clumping is especially apt to occur.


"Clinically the reaction is of considerable value, especially when the diagnosis is in doubt after the first week of the disease."


GLANDERS.


Last May specimens were submitted to the laboratory, from a horse at the City Farm, by Dr. Charles R. Simpson, veterinarian, -- from a horse suspected to have glanders. Swab specimens and cultures were carefully examined, and a bacillus was found in all of them which could not be distinguished from the glanders bacillus. Although the mallein test was doubtful in reaction, on the laboratory findings the horse was killed and autopsied. The autopsy showed suspicious lesions, but not com- pletely characteristic. Further culture and swab examination was made from the autopsy specimens, which, owing to the lack of the necessary guinea pig inoculation, was a duplication of the previous examinations. The conclusion that the case was a true case of glanders was probably correct. But inoculation experi- ments were desirable to make the diagnosis positive.


CULTURE STATIONS.


The culture stations are certain drug stores which have been appointed by the Board of Health for the convenience of the physicians in the city. Here the outfits for the collection of the various specimens for laboratory examination may be obtained, and left for transmission to the laboratory. To ensure free trans- mission to the laboratory on the same day the specimen is col- lected, specimens should be left at the culture station not later than 4 P. M.


Anti-toxin may also be obtained at these stations; also at the office of the Board of Health, City Hall, during office hours, and at the laboratory.


The list of stations is as follows :-


Charles H. Crane, 154 Perkins street, East Somerville.


Julius E. Richardson, 310 Broadway, Winter hill.


Frank W. Robie, 482-A Medford street, Magoun square.


Herbert E. Bowman, 529 Medford street, Magoun square.


Milton H. Plummer, 25 Union square.


Charles S. Lombard, 2 Holland street, Davis square.


Adam T. McColgan, 55 Elm street.


APPENDIX.


In the Appendix, Table No. 1 shows the routine work done by the laboratory in the examination of specimens for diphtheria,


297


HEALTH DEPARTMENT.


tuberculosis, and typhoid, from April 3, 1901, to December 31, 1901, inclusive. Table No. 2 shows the work done by months for diphtheria, tuberculosis, and typhoid. Table No. 3 shows the classification of the diphtheria work as positive, negative, and un- satisfactory. These are further classified into cultures' for diagnosis, and for release. The unsatisfactory cases are those which had no growth or for some other reason were unreliable. The discrepancy between the number of positive cases for diag- nosis and negative cases for release is due to deaths, transfer to hospital, etc.


All of which is respectfully submitted, FREEMAN L. LOWELL, M. D.,


Bacteriologist.


Appendix to Bacteriological Report. TABLE 1 .- SUMMARY OF WORK DONE. From April 3, 1901, to December 31, 1901.


Positive.


Negative.


Unsatisfactory.


Total


Diphtheria


128


283


30


441


Tuberculosis


14


33


2


49


Typhoid


7


14


2


23


TABLE 2 .- WORK DONE BY MONTHS.


Diphtheria.


Tuberculosis.


Typhoid.


April


31


5


0


May


95


1


2


June


79


3


0


July


29


2


0


August


17


2


0


September


12


1


6


October


57


3


10


November


55


15


3


December


66


17


2


Total


.441


49


23


TABLE 3 .- DIPHTHERIA WORK CLASSIFIED.


For


Positive.


Negative.


Unsatisfactory.


Total.


Diagnosis


68


229


23


320


Release


60


54


7


121


Total


128


283


30


441


-


Districts.


The accompanying map shows the boundaries of the ten health districts into which the city was divided by the Board of Health of 1878; also the locations of common sewers.


A record has been kept from year to year of the number of deaths, the death rate per thousand, the prevalence of dangerous diseases, and the number of nuisances abated in these several dis- tricts, and is continued in the following tables, and in the table near the beginning of this report.


298


ANNUAL REPORTS.


The estimated population in the several districts was origi- nally based on the number of assessed polls in each, and upon the population of the entire city; the ratio of polls to population being presumed to be the same in all the districts. Substantially the same method of estimating the population has been con- tinued, the census of every fifth year being taken as a basis for calculation.


The number of dwellings and of assessed polls May 1, 1901, has been obtained from the assessors' books.


MYSTIC


Arare


M


R


E R


VIII


TUPTS


İCOLI


ALEWIFE


ARLINGTON


X


TWO


VII


VI


T


--


5


IX


CENTRAL Nu


TANNERY


BLOFSFF


TOFT


SOMERVILLE


SHOWING HEALTH DISTRICTS.


C


A


M


R


0


G


E


IF . URS WITH FLE


.BU .5 MEAN I w WATER


~~ SCALE


Entre STW AWLEY


M


BR


G


C


T


PARA


٠


١


299


Table of Deaths in Each District During the Last Ten Years.


Districts


I.


II.


III.


IV.


V.


VI.


VII.


VIII.


IX.


X.


Entire City.


Area


337 A.


107 A.


93 A.


171 A.


361 A.


285 A.


194 A.


482 A.


174 A.


456 A.


2,660 A.


Population ·


7,718


6,103


5,236


6,134


11,736


6,706


7,428


3,390


4,953


3,596


63,000


In 1901.


Dwellings


1,031


1,034


851


1,0:0


2,137


1,221


1,284


612


944


,84


10,908


Average in each dwelling ·


7.5


6,0


6.2


6.1


5.5


5.5


5.9


5.6


5.3


4.6


5.8


-


Number of


Deaths.


Rate


per 1,000.


Number of


Deaths.


per 1,000.


Number of


Deaths.


per 1,000.


Deaths.


Rate


per 1,000.


per 1,000.


Number of


Deaths.


Rate


per 1,000.


Number of


per 1,000.


Number of


Deaths.


per 1,000.


Number of


Deaths.


per 1,000.


Number of


Deaths.


Rate


Number of


Deaths.


Rate


per 1,000.


1892 .


139


75


co


42


13


76


14


144


16


65 64


34 20


59 72


12 14


27 23


19


17


25


22


696


16


1893


161


80


00


63


16


94


16


180


20


188


18


70


13


64


10


43


17


37


10


27


11


855


16


1895


136


19


76


14


91


20


17


17


77


15


67


16


29


12


29


36


52


21


924


17


1897 .


158


22


80


15


80


16


17


170


93


68


12


14


29


53


00


₹859


15


1898 .


161


23


67


13


79


16


17


194


18


92


15


93


14


28


0


50


28


00


880


15


1899 .


102


14


68


13


81


16


113


19


155


14


87


14


87


12


34


11


46


11


28


00


* 801


13


1900


134


17


92


15


87


16


115


19


229


20


82


13


82


11


41


12


54


12


51


15


-967


16


1901 .


133


17


74


12


70


13


67


11


178


15


65


10


66


00


47


14


58


11


73


20


-831


13


.


Average death rate per 1,000 for Į ten years


S


19


13


16


17


17


17


12


14


11


16


15


.


.


155


22


94


18


77


17


19


16 15


97


82


13


16


5000000


27


18


790


15


1894 .


157


22


66


12


86


19


117


21


94 105


184 180


16 15


46 40


13


44 26


9


40


17


823 16


1896 .


YEAR.


Rate


Rate


Number of


Number of


Deaths.


Rate


Deaths.


Rate


Rate


Rate


per 1,000.


HEALTH DEPARTMENT.


.


17 18


88 88


300


ANNUAL REPORTS.


Table Showing the Five Principal Causes of Death in Somerville in 1901, with the Number and Rate in Each District.


TUBERCULOSIS.


PNEUMONIA.


HEART DISEASE.


APOPLEXY.


CANCER.


DISTRICTS.


Number of


Deaths.


Number per


1,000 of Pop.


Number of


Deaths.


Number per


1,000 of Pop.


Number of


Deaths.


Number per


1,000 of Pop.


Number of


Deaths.


Number per


1,000 of Pop.


Number of


Deaths.


Number per


1,000 of Pop.


I.


2.46


14


1.82


6


0.78


8


1.04


1.17


II.


1.31


8


1.31


11


1.81


6


0.98


0.49


III.


0.96


8


1.53


3


0.58


3


0.58


0.58


IV.


1.47


9


1.47


4


0.65


4


0.65


0.33


V.


1.28


19


1.62


21


1,87


5


0.43


0.68


VI.


3


0.45


1,19


5


0.75


3


0.45


3


0.45


VII.


6


0.81


0.68


7


0.94


6


0.81


4


0.54


VIII.


4


1.19


0.59


5


1.48


1


0,29


2


0,59


IX.


7


1.42


2.02


7


1.42


3


0.61


2


0.41


X.


16


4.45


0.56


5


1.39


5


1.39


3


0.84


Total .


92


1.46


85


1.35


74


1.18


4.4


0.61


39


0.62


Table of Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria and Typhoid Fever in Each District in 1901.


SCARLET FEVER.


DIPHTHERIA.


TYPHOID FEVER.


DISTRICTS.


Reported.


Deaths.


Cases per


Deaths per


Cases


Deaths.


Cases per


Deaths per


Reported.


Deaths.


Cases per


Deaths per


I.


12


2


1.29


0,26


73


6


9.46


0.78


II.


9


..


0.98


28


2


4.59


0.33


1


0.98


0.16


III.


12


1


2.29


0.19


27


7


5.16


1.34


2


0.96


0.39


IV.


14


2.28


45


2


7.34


0.33


5


0.82


V.


16


1.37


50


1


4.26


0.09


10


3


0.86


0.26


VI.


19


2.83


22


2


3.29


0.29


co


3


1,94


0.45


VII.


10


..


....


20


1


2.69


0.14


5


1


0.68


0.14


VIII.


7


. .


....


27


2


7.97


0.59


co


1


0.88


0 29


IX.


14


..


....


.


2.63


X.


20


2


5.57


0.56


28


6


8.0.


1.68


9


1


2.51


0.28


Total .


130


5


2.07


0.08


340


29


5.39


0.46


78


12


1.24


0.19


....


..


....


..


....


Reported.


1,000 of Pop.


1,000 of Pop.


1,000 of Pop.


1,000 of Pop.


Cases


Cases


1996


.


1.17


....


1,000 of Pop.


1,000 of Pop.


1.35


2.19


2,81


20


4.04


13


..


01 00 0, 00 0


82836


NONOTOO


301


Rates per Thousand of Population of Cases of Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria and Typhoid Fever Reported, and of Deaths from the Same, in the Last Seven Years.


1895.


1896.


1897.


1898.


1899.


1900.


1901.


Av'age for Seven Yrs.


DISTRICTS.


Scarlet Fever.


Diphtheria.


Typhoid Fever.


Scarlet Fever.


Diphtheria.


Typhoid Fever.


Scarlet Fever.


Diphtheria.


Typhoid Fever.


Scarlet Fever.


Diphtheria.


Typhoid Fever.


Scarlet Fever.


Diphtheria.


Typhoid Fever.


Scarlet Fever.


Diphtheria.


Typhoid Fever.


Scarlet Fever.


Diphtheria.


Scarlet Fever.


Diphtheria.


Typhoid Fever.


I.


§ Cases Deaths .


4.47 5.19 0.86 10.86 1.04


1.12 11.96 1.40 0.28| 2.25


4.29 8.74 1.39 0.28 1.53 0.42


1.35 1.08 0.40 .... [0.13]


9.40 2.43 0.81 0.27


4.69 11.98 1.17 0.13 1.30 .. . .


1.29 9.46 1.17 0.26 0.78 ....


4.37|7.26 1.03 0.26 1.04 0.06


§ Cases Deaths .


2.10 4.27 1.86


0.72 10 73 1.61


3.36 7.07 0.53 0.18 0.53 0.36


0.85 1.36 1.02 0.17 0.34 ....


2.04 2.04 0.85 0.51 0.34


7.09 0.99 0.16 .. . .


0.98 4.59|0.98 0.33 0.16


1.69 5.31 1.12 0.05 0.58 0.38


III.


§ Cases Deaths .


5.32 7.77 1.33


1.49


5.97 1.07 0 21 0.43


3.77 6.27 0.42 0.21 1.05 ....


1.39 2.19 0.36 0.60 0.36


1.99 5.09 0.39 0.59 0.39


3.66 10.22 2.12 0.19


1.35


2.29 5.16 0.96 0.19 1.34 0.39 ....


2.85 6.09 0.99 0.12 0.83 0.23


IV.


§ Cases Deaths .


5.41 5.60 1.49 0.74 1.68 0.37


2.14


7.32 1.97 1.25 0.36


0.71 1.17


...


3.21 3.04 1.01 0.34


0.49


1,15


....


.. ..


V.


( Cases Deaths .


4.13 6.05 0.48 10.09 1.25 0.29


6.09 1.16 0.72 0.72


1.42 3.27 0.62 0.09 0.35 0.18


1.38 0.69 1.04 0.17


3.31 1.74 0.97 0.18


4.13


5.08 0.95 0.69 0.43


1.37 4.26 0.86 0.09 0.26


2.57 3.88 0.87 0.05 0.45 0.34


VI.


§ Cases Deaths .


3.03 2.08 0.57 0.19 0.38


2.84


7.18 1.00 0.67


2.71 7.05 0.95 0.17 0.95 0.17


0.93 1.08 0.77 0.15 .. ..


3.59 2.34 1.72 0.16


2.55


8.99 0.89 0.59 0.15 ....


0.29 0.45


....


....


..


..


..


4 78 0.96 0.27 0.14


1.35 2.69|0.68 0.14 0.14


2.15 4.24 1.11 0.13 0.39 0.27


VII.


§ Cases Deaths .


2.81 3.44 1.09 0.31 0.31 ...


3.45 0.15


0.75 0.45


....


4.51|4.19 1.61 0.64 0.32


2.80 1.25 0.62


1 22 2.49


4.53


6.99 0.60 0.30 0.30


2.19 7.97 0.88 0.59 0.29


4.03 5.19 1.19 0.06 0.48 0.33


IX.


§ Cases Deaths .


2.77 2.49 1.65 0.28.0 28


0.25


0.51


....


. .


...


1 88 2.19 1.88|


5.45


7.75 0.58 1.73 ...


5.57 8.07 2.51 0.56 1.68 0.28


4.36 4.51 1.87 0.14 0.69 0.16


X.


§ Cases {Deaths .


8.23 4.76 2.60 0.43


6 43


6 03 3.22 0.41 0.81


1.04 2.43 0.36 0.69


1.90 0.32 1.90 0.32 . ...


...


. .


1.33 1.23 0,90


2.62 2.45 1.22 0.17 0.18 0.05 0.18 0.25 0.11 ....


3.73


8.39 1.16 0.79 0.15


0.08 0.46 0.19


2.07 5.39 1.24 2.73 5.05 1.16 0.11 0.59 0.23


.


. .


....


....


....


..


....


. .


1.25 0.72


....


3.34 3.51 1.04 1 69 1.01 0.84


4.75 15.88 2.13


2.28 7.34 0.82 0.33


..


2.83 3.29 1.94


2.64 4.57 1.12 0.05 0.43 0.13


VIII.


§ Cases Deaths .


4.52 2.49 1.66


8.44 11 00 2.93 0.38


1.83|1 10


. .


. .


1.77


3.54 2.78


1.69 4.56 0.72 0.28


0.70 0.93 1.63


3.95 3.26 2.79 0.23 0.47


3.71


6.81 1.09 0.22 0.22


2.81 4.04 2.63


2.49 3.69 1.89


0.04 0.15 0.24


....


7.68 1 57


City .


§ Cases Deaths . .


4.12 4.68 1.16 2.53 0.32 0.81 0.19


0 09


0.96 0.46


2.72 5.51 0.86 0.11 0.76 0.19


6.87 1.05


2.01 7.55 1.02 0.88 0.14


1.14 2.41 0.85 .... 0.43 0.43


1.54 1.96 2.09 0.14


2.73 0.27


0.56


. .. .


..


...


....


....


0.23


....


0,35


1.81


0.19 1.11 0.74


0.22 0.66


...


HEALTH DEPARTMENT.


3.26 6.24 1.33


0.18 0.78 0.28


2.24


Typhoid Fever.


0.31


302


ANNUAL REPORTS.


Undertakers.


Under the provisions of Section 7 of Chapter 437 of the Acts of the legislature for the year 1897, fourteen persons have been duly licensed as undertakers, and two petitions for such licenses refused.


Examiners of Plumbers.


The public statutes provide for a Board of Examiners of Plumbers, consisting of the Chairman of the Board of Health, the Inspector of Buildings, and an expert at plumbing, to be appointed by the Board of Health. This Board appointed of expert. The number of licenses granted will be found in the report of the Inspector of Buildings.


Health Department Account.


CREDIT.


Appropriation


$34,800 00


Sale of offal to Hannibal S. Pond


1,100 00


Ernest O. Raymond, expenses, smallpox case


437 47


Permit fees to keep swine, goats, and collect grease .


58 00


Fees received from Milk Inspector


139 42


Tom Costello, wages overpaid


12 00


Total credit


DEBIT.


Expenditures :-


For Agent's Salary


$1,200 00


Salary of Superintendent of Collection of Ashes and Offal


900 00


Salary of Inspector of Animals and Pro- visions


600 00


Salary of Inspector Vinegar


of Milk and


500 00


Salary of Bacteriologist


296 74


Collection of ashes .


11,743 19


Collection of offal


12,624 00


Stable expenses


704 00


Wagons, sleds, and repairing same


966 70


Tools, and repairing same


182 56


Harnesses and horse clothing


587 00


Horses and horse doctoring


1,023 50


Horseshoeing


622 78


Hay and grain


3,882 44


Vaccine virus


553 76


Culture tubes and anti-toxin


20 00


Burying dead animals


117 50


Books, stationery, and printing


120 00


Office expenses, Milk Inspector


122 42


Bacteriological laboratory


245 77


Incidentals


552 73


Amounts carried forward


$37,565 09


$36,546 89


$36,546 89


303


HEALTH DEPARTMENT.


Amounts brought forward


$37,565 09


$36,546 89


Smallpox case, William Derrah


615 22


Smallpox case, Ernest O. Raymond


902 16


Smallpox cases (to date), Pest House


79 20


Total debit


$39,161 67


Amount overdrawn


$2,614 78


ALLEN F. CARPENTER, Chairman, ALVANO T. NICKERSON, ARTHUR R. PERRY, M. D., Board of Health.


REPORT OF INSPECTOR OF ANIMALS AND PROVISIONS.


Somerville, Mass., January 1, 1902.


To the Honorable, the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen :-


Gentlemen,-I submit the following report as inspector of animals and provisions for the year ending December 31, 1901.


Statement of animals killed during the year at the five slaughtering establishments in the city: John P. Squire & Co., Corporation, Medford street, 601,753 swine; North Packing & Provision Co., Medford street, 723,740 swine; New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co., Medford street, 320,527 sheep, 55,398 calves, 14,732 cattle, 134 swine; Sturtevant & Haley Beef & Supply Co., Somerville avenue, 4,761 cattle; Rachel Gunsen- hiser, North street, 306 cattle, 69 calves ; total number of animals slaughtered, 1,721,420. 26,467 sheep and lambs and 62,421 cattle have been quarantined at Somerville before shipment to Europe. Brighton, Watertown and Somerville are quarantine stations established by the State Board of Cattle Commissioners.




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