USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1901 > Part 23
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39
Gentlemen,-I have the honor to submit the following re- port for the time beginning with April 3, 1901, and ending De- cember 31, 1901.
The laboratory is now situated at 50 College avenue, West Somerville, near Davis square. Telephone, 237-3 Somerville.
The work of the laboratory consists of the examination of specimens of suspected cases of diphtheria, tuberculosis, and typhoid. Specimens are received at the laboratory daily through- out the year from 8.30 A. M. to 6 P. M.
Outfits for the collection of specimens from diphtheria, tuberculosis, and typhoid are kept at certain drug stores, ap- pointed for the purpose, and known as "culture stations." (See list, page 291.) After the specimen is collected, it may be sent directly to the laboratory ; or, if preferred, it may be left at the culture station from which the outfit was obtained. If received at the culture station early enough (4 P. M.), it will be forwarded free to the laboratory the same day. Typhoid specimens may be mailed to the laboratory, but diphtheria and tuberculosis speci- mens must not be sent by mail under any circumstances. It is important that the diphtheria outfit should reach the laboratory on the same day the culture is taken.
Early reports from specimens are of importance chiefly in cultures for diphtheria diagnosis. All other work is subordi- nated to obtaining these results quickly. All positives for diag- nosis and all doubtful or unsatisfactory specimens where a sec- ond examination may be desirable are reported to the physician by telephone. Other results are not reported by telephone un- less requested by the physician. All results are reported to the physician by mail, whether telephoned or not. The diphtheria results are usually ready by 10 A. M. The tuberculosis and typhoid results are available later.
293
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Somerville physicians may send specimens from patients re- siding within or outside of Somerville. Physicians residing out- side of Somerville may send specimens from patients residing in Somerville. When both physician and patient reside outside of Somerville the specimen must be sent to the State Board of Health or the Board of Health laboratory of the city in which the patient or physician resides.
DIPHTHERIA.
The diphtheria outfit consists of one blood serum culture tube, one swab tube, a card to be filled out by the physician, and a card of directions, all enclosed in a pasteboard sliding box, which is disinfected with Formaldehyde gas each time before it is sent out. Before taking the outfit from the culture station, the physician should inspect the serum tube, and, if it is dry or bad, should reject it. A fresh tube always has a few drops of the liquid of condensation in its bottom. When this water of con- densation disappears, either from evaporation or from the reason of the tube having been inverted and the liquid absorbed by the stopper, the serum dries rapidly and soon becomes untrustworthy for culture work. It is a wise precaution, therefore, to keep the tubes in an upright position at all times, and above all not to re- place the tubes in the box in such a way that when the box is held upright the tubes are upside down. When a rapid or swab examination is desired, it is a good plan to rub the swab upon the suspected area in the nose or throat a second time after the inoculation of the tube. The swab is then returned directly to the swab tube. This procedure increases the amount of material available for examination.
All cultures received at the laboratory before 6 P. M. are put into the thermostat at 37 degrees C over night, and will be examined at 9 A. M. the following day. An incubation of from twelve to eighteen hours is to be desired in every culture. Cul- tures which remain over night at the culture station, as a rule, are not reliable. Unless they are found to be positive, they will be reported as unsatisfactory.
A negative report will be sent with a request for another cul- ture whenever (a) the clinical diagnosis is diphtheria, (b) mem- brane is present on the pharynx or tonsil, or (c) it is a laryngeal case, or (d) there is any doubt as to the nature of the bacilli.
A report of "no growth" or "unsatisfactory" signifies that, for the reason of a dry tube, or the presence of a liquefying bacil- lus, or the antiseptic treatment of the local lesion, or for some other reason, the culture is unreliable. Such a result is abso- lutely of no value.
Diphtheria may be defined as a toxaemia produced by the toxins of the Kloebs-Loeffler or diphtheria bacillus. A clinical condition known to be due to lead, whether mild or severe, or whatever the particular symptoms happen to be, is properly
294
ANNUAL REPORTS.
termed plumbism. So a clinical condition due to diphtheria toxins, whether mild or severe, or whatever the particular sym- toms, is properly classified as diphtheria. This is important from a therapeutic point of view, since it indicates the treatment. It also determines the complications and sequelae we are to ex- pect. It is of value to the public health in classifying the nature and infectiousness of the disease.
If a patient from whom a positive culture has been obtained shows no symptoms of any kind, it may be inferred that the toxins of the bacillus are absent, or that they are completely neutralized by the body fluids. But so long as diphtheria bacilli remain in the nose and throat of the patient, that patient con- stitutes a source from which others may become infected with the diphtheria bacillus. Yet it can not be said that such a patient is suffering from the disease of diphtheria.
The absence of the diphtheria bacillus is, on the other hand, complete proof of the absence of the disease, since we know that the diphtheria toxins cannot be formed without the presence of the diphtheria bacillus. The difficulty lies in the fact that we cannot always prove absolutely that the diphtheria bacilli are in reality absent. The bacilli may be present in the nose and throat, and yet not appear in the culture,-especially if only one culture is taken. In laryngeal cases, where the seat of the lesion is hard to reach, it is often difficult to get a positive culture. Hence, while one negative culture is of some value, three or four cultures should be taken in suspicious cases before the clinical diagnosis is overruled by the bacteriological results alone.
TUBERCULOSIS.
The outfit for suspected tubercular sputum consists of a square, wide-mouthed bottle of about one-half ounce capacity with a well-fitting cork, enclosed in a pasteboard box, inside of which are two cards,-one to be filled out by the physician ; the other consists of directions. The bottle is sent out half filled with a solution of five per cent. carbolic acid to obviate the danger of infection in the laboratory. The carbolic acid not only kills the bacilli, but acts as a mordant, and improves their stain- ing qualities. No bottle containing sputum will be examined if leakage occurs during transit, or if sent in any form other than the regular tuberculosis outfit furnished by the laboratory of the Board of Health. Sputum specimens are usually examined on the morning following their receipt.
A single negative does not demonstrate the absence of the tubercle bacillus in the given specimen, nor, if that absence be confirmed by repeated examinations of successive specimens, is the absence of the disease necessarily established. A negative result from the examination of the sputum of a patient suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis may be because of (a) the improper collection of the sputum,-saliva instead of true pulmonary ex-
295
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
pectoration, (b) the presence of but few bacilli,-too few to be detected by the microscopic method, (c) the absence of the bacilli from the sputum in spite of the undoubted presence of the disease. This latter condition may be explained by the fact that there is little or no breaking down of lung tissue in the early stages of chronic pulmonary troubles; this is also true of the acute miliary form of tuberculosis. Therefore, a single nega- tive report should not be allowed to reverse a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.
TYPHOID FEVER.
In the examination of the blood for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, the dried blood variation of the Widal reaction is used. The outfit consists of an aluminum foil upon which a drop of the blood is to be dried and a small copper-wire loop for transferring the blood to the foil. With this foil are two cards,-one to be filled out by the physician, and the other is a card of directions. These are all enclosed in a manilla envelope. The physician must furnish his own needle. After the blood has been taken, and allowed to dry thoroughly on the foil, the outfit may be en- closed in an envelope and mailed (postage two cents) to the laboratory, or sent to the laboratory, or left at a culture station. A report by mail may be expected in about twenty-four hours after the receipt of the blood preparation.
The dilution practiced is one to ten; the time limit is one- half hour. If loss of motility and well-marked clumping occur within the time limit, the report is returned as positive. If loss of motility occurs, with no clumping, the report is returned as negative, with a request for another specimen.
The Widal reaction is obtained from the blood as the result of the opposition of the body forces to the toxins of the typhoid bacillus. It is not necessarily essential that the patient should have the ordinary symptoms, etc., of intestinal typhoid fever in order to give the Widal reaction. It is enough that the patient should suffer from the effect of the toxins of the typhoid bacillus, whatever the clinical or anatomical conditions. The reaction, once established, may last for years after recovery, although it usually disappears in a few months. Thus the presence of the reaction means the existence at some time past or present of an infection of the typhoid bacillus.
It is important for the physician to know if the patient has previously had typhoid fever, and, if so, how long before. If the previous illnesses show nothing resembling typhoid, it will be safe to conclude, in the presence of a positive Widal, that the present illness is due to a typhoid infection. The Widal reaction is usually not obtainable before the fifth day of the disease.
The following summary is taken from Cabot (Clinical Ex- amination of the Blood, Fourth Edition) :-
296
ANNUAL REPORTS.
"The blood of over ninety-five per cent. of all cases of typhoid shows a clumping power in some part of their course, but in at least half the cases this does not appear until the second week of the disease, while in a small number of cases it first appears in relapse or convalescence. The clumping power may disappear before the defervescence, and may be present only eight days in all; as a rule, it persists from the sixth or eighth day until convalescence is established.
"In diseases other than typhoid a clump reaction is very rarely to be obtained, provided a dilution of at least one to ten is used with a time limit of half an hour. There is no one disease in which clumping is especially apt to occur.
"Clinically the reaction is of considerable value, especially when the diagnosis is in doubt after the first week of the disease."
GLANDERS.
Last May specimens were submitted to the laboratory, from a horse at the City Farm, by Dr. Charles R. Simpson, veterinarian, -- from a horse suspected to have glanders. Swab specimens and cultures were carefully examined, and a bacillus was found in all of them which could not be distinguished from the glanders bacillus. Although the mallein test was doubtful in reaction, on the laboratory findings the horse was killed and autopsied. The autopsy showed suspicious lesions, but not com- pletely characteristic. Further culture and swab examination was made from the autopsy specimens, which, owing to the lack of the necessary guinea pig inoculation, was a duplication of the previous examinations. The conclusion that the case was a true case of glanders was probably correct. But inoculation experi- ments were desirable to make the diagnosis positive.
CULTURE STATIONS.
The culture stations are certain drug stores which have been appointed by the Board of Health for the convenience of the physicians in the city. Here the outfits for the collection of the various specimens for laboratory examination may be obtained, and left for transmission to the laboratory. To ensure free trans- mission to the laboratory on the same day the specimen is col- lected, specimens should be left at the culture station not later than 4 P. M.
Anti-toxin may also be obtained at these stations; also at the office of the Board of Health, City Hall, during office hours, and at the laboratory.
The list of stations is as follows :-
Charles H. Crane, 154 Perkins street, East Somerville.
Julius E. Richardson, 310 Broadway, Winter hill.
Frank W. Robie, 482-A Medford street, Magoun square.
Herbert E. Bowman, 529 Medford street, Magoun square.
Milton H. Plummer, 25 Union square.
Charles S. Lombard, 2 Holland street, Davis square.
Adam T. McColgan, 55 Elm street.
APPENDIX.
In the Appendix, Table No. 1 shows the routine work done by the laboratory in the examination of specimens for diphtheria,
297
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
tuberculosis, and typhoid, from April 3, 1901, to December 31, 1901, inclusive. Table No. 2 shows the work done by months for diphtheria, tuberculosis, and typhoid. Table No. 3 shows the classification of the diphtheria work as positive, negative, and un- satisfactory. These are further classified into cultures' for diagnosis, and for release. The unsatisfactory cases are those which had no growth or for some other reason were unreliable. The discrepancy between the number of positive cases for diag- nosis and negative cases for release is due to deaths, transfer to hospital, etc.
All of which is respectfully submitted, FREEMAN L. LOWELL, M. D.,
Bacteriologist.
Appendix to Bacteriological Report. TABLE 1 .- SUMMARY OF WORK DONE. From April 3, 1901, to December 31, 1901.
Positive.
Negative.
Unsatisfactory.
Total
Diphtheria
128
283
30
441
Tuberculosis
14
33
2
49
Typhoid
7
14
2
23
TABLE 2 .- WORK DONE BY MONTHS.
Diphtheria.
Tuberculosis.
Typhoid.
April
31
5
0
May
95
1
2
June
79
3
0
July
29
2
0
August
17
2
0
September
12
1
6
October
57
3
10
November
55
15
3
December
66
17
2
Total
.441
49
23
TABLE 3 .- DIPHTHERIA WORK CLASSIFIED.
For
Positive.
Negative.
Unsatisfactory.
Total.
Diagnosis
68
229
23
320
Release
60
54
7
121
Total
128
283
30
441
-
Districts.
The accompanying map shows the boundaries of the ten health districts into which the city was divided by the Board of Health of 1878; also the locations of common sewers.
A record has been kept from year to year of the number of deaths, the death rate per thousand, the prevalence of dangerous diseases, and the number of nuisances abated in these several dis- tricts, and is continued in the following tables, and in the table near the beginning of this report.
298
ANNUAL REPORTS.
The estimated population in the several districts was origi- nally based on the number of assessed polls in each, and upon the population of the entire city; the ratio of polls to population being presumed to be the same in all the districts. Substantially the same method of estimating the population has been con- tinued, the census of every fifth year being taken as a basis for calculation.
The number of dwellings and of assessed polls May 1, 1901, has been obtained from the assessors' books.
MYSTIC
Arare
M
R
E R
VIII
TUPTS
İCOLI
ALEWIFE
ARLINGTON
X
TWO
VII
VI
T
--
5
IX
CENTRAL Nu
TANNERY
BLOFSFF
TOFT
SOMERVILLE
SHOWING HEALTH DISTRICTS.
C
A
M
R
0
G
E
IF . URS WITH FLE
.BU .5 MEAN I w WATER
~~ SCALE
Entre STW AWLEY
M
BR
G
C
T
PARA
٠
١
299
Table of Deaths in Each District During the Last Ten Years.
Districts
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
Entire City.
Area
337 A.
107 A.
93 A.
171 A.
361 A.
285 A.
194 A.
482 A.
174 A.
456 A.
2,660 A.
Population ·
7,718
6,103
5,236
6,134
11,736
6,706
7,428
3,390
4,953
3,596
63,000
In 1901.
Dwellings
1,031
1,034
851
1,0:0
2,137
1,221
1,284
612
944
,84
10,908
Average in each dwelling ·
7.5
6,0
6.2
6.1
5.5
5.5
5.9
5.6
5.3
4.6
5.8
-
Number of
Deaths.
Rate
per 1,000.
Number of
Deaths.
per 1,000.
Number of
Deaths.
per 1,000.
Deaths.
Rate
per 1,000.
per 1,000.
Number of
Deaths.
Rate
per 1,000.
Number of
per 1,000.
Number of
Deaths.
per 1,000.
Number of
Deaths.
per 1,000.
Number of
Deaths.
Rate
Number of
Deaths.
Rate
per 1,000.
1892 .
139
75
co
42
13
76
14
144
16
65 64
34 20
59 72
12 14
27 23
19
17
25
22
696
16
1893
161
80
00
63
16
94
16
180
20
188
18
70
13
64
10
43
17
37
10
27
11
855
16
1895
136
19
76
14
91
20
17
17
77
15
67
16
29
12
29
36
52
21
924
17
1897 .
158
22
80
15
80
16
17
170
93
68
12
14
29
53
00
₹859
15
1898 .
161
23
67
13
79
16
17
194
18
92
15
93
14
28
0
50
28
00
880
15
1899 .
102
14
68
13
81
16
113
19
155
14
87
14
87
12
34
11
46
11
28
00
* 801
13
1900
134
17
92
15
87
16
115
19
229
20
82
13
82
11
41
12
54
12
51
15
-967
16
1901 .
133
17
74
12
70
13
67
11
178
15
65
10
66
00
47
14
58
11
73
20
-831
13
.
Average death rate per 1,000 for Į ten years
S
19
13
16
17
17
17
12
14
11
16
15
.
.
155
22
94
18
77
17
19
16 15
97
82
13
16
5000000
27
18
790
15
1894 .
157
22
66
12
86
19
117
21
94 105
184 180
16 15
46 40
13
44 26
9
40
17
823 16
1896 .
YEAR.
Rate
Rate
Number of
Number of
Deaths.
Rate
Deaths.
Rate
Rate
Rate
per 1,000.
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
.
17 18
88 88
300
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Table Showing the Five Principal Causes of Death in Somerville in 1901, with the Number and Rate in Each District.
TUBERCULOSIS.
PNEUMONIA.
HEART DISEASE.
APOPLEXY.
CANCER.
DISTRICTS.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
1,000 of Pop.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
1,000 of Pop.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
1,000 of Pop.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
1,000 of Pop.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
1,000 of Pop.
I.
2.46
14
1.82
6
0.78
8
1.04
1.17
II.
1.31
8
1.31
11
1.81
6
0.98
0.49
III.
0.96
8
1.53
3
0.58
3
0.58
0.58
IV.
1.47
9
1.47
4
0.65
4
0.65
0.33
V.
1.28
19
1.62
21
1,87
5
0.43
0.68
VI.
3
0.45
1,19
5
0.75
3
0.45
3
0.45
VII.
6
0.81
0.68
7
0.94
6
0.81
4
0.54
VIII.
4
1.19
0.59
5
1.48
1
0,29
2
0,59
IX.
7
1.42
2.02
7
1.42
3
0.61
2
0.41
X.
16
4.45
0.56
5
1.39
5
1.39
3
0.84
Total .
92
1.46
85
1.35
74
1.18
4.4
0.61
39
0.62
Table of Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria and Typhoid Fever in Each District in 1901.
SCARLET FEVER.
DIPHTHERIA.
TYPHOID FEVER.
DISTRICTS.
Reported.
Deaths.
Cases per
Deaths per
Cases
Deaths.
Cases per
Deaths per
Reported.
Deaths.
Cases per
Deaths per
I.
12
2
1.29
0,26
73
6
9.46
0.78
II.
9
..
0.98
28
2
4.59
0.33
1
0.98
0.16
III.
12
1
2.29
0.19
27
7
5.16
1.34
2
0.96
0.39
IV.
14
2.28
45
2
7.34
0.33
5
0.82
V.
16
1.37
50
1
4.26
0.09
10
3
0.86
0.26
VI.
19
2.83
22
2
3.29
0.29
co
3
1,94
0.45
VII.
10
..
....
20
1
2.69
0.14
5
1
0.68
0.14
VIII.
7
. .
....
27
2
7.97
0.59
co
1
0.88
0 29
IX.
14
..
....
.
2.63
X.
20
2
5.57
0.56
28
6
8.0.
1.68
9
1
2.51
0.28
Total .
130
5
2.07
0.08
340
29
5.39
0.46
78
12
1.24
0.19
....
..
....
..
....
Reported.
1,000 of Pop.
1,000 of Pop.
1,000 of Pop.
1,000 of Pop.
Cases
Cases
1996
.
1.17
....
1,000 of Pop.
1,000 of Pop.
1.35
2.19
2,81
20
4.04
13
..
01 00 0, 00 0
82836
NONOTOO
301
Rates per Thousand of Population of Cases of Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria and Typhoid Fever Reported, and of Deaths from the Same, in the Last Seven Years.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
Av'age for Seven Yrs.
DISTRICTS.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
I.
§ Cases Deaths .
4.47 5.19 0.86 10.86 1.04
1.12 11.96 1.40 0.28| 2.25
4.29 8.74 1.39 0.28 1.53 0.42
1.35 1.08 0.40 .... [0.13]
9.40 2.43 0.81 0.27
4.69 11.98 1.17 0.13 1.30 .. . .
1.29 9.46 1.17 0.26 0.78 ....
4.37|7.26 1.03 0.26 1.04 0.06
§ Cases Deaths .
2.10 4.27 1.86
0.72 10 73 1.61
3.36 7.07 0.53 0.18 0.53 0.36
0.85 1.36 1.02 0.17 0.34 ....
2.04 2.04 0.85 0.51 0.34
7.09 0.99 0.16 .. . .
0.98 4.59|0.98 0.33 0.16
1.69 5.31 1.12 0.05 0.58 0.38
III.
§ Cases Deaths .
5.32 7.77 1.33
1.49
5.97 1.07 0 21 0.43
3.77 6.27 0.42 0.21 1.05 ....
1.39 2.19 0.36 0.60 0.36
1.99 5.09 0.39 0.59 0.39
3.66 10.22 2.12 0.19
1.35
2.29 5.16 0.96 0.19 1.34 0.39 ....
2.85 6.09 0.99 0.12 0.83 0.23
IV.
§ Cases Deaths .
5.41 5.60 1.49 0.74 1.68 0.37
2.14
7.32 1.97 1.25 0.36
0.71 1.17
...
3.21 3.04 1.01 0.34
0.49
1,15
....
.. ..
V.
( Cases Deaths .
4.13 6.05 0.48 10.09 1.25 0.29
6.09 1.16 0.72 0.72
1.42 3.27 0.62 0.09 0.35 0.18
1.38 0.69 1.04 0.17
3.31 1.74 0.97 0.18
4.13
5.08 0.95 0.69 0.43
1.37 4.26 0.86 0.09 0.26
2.57 3.88 0.87 0.05 0.45 0.34
VI.
§ Cases Deaths .
3.03 2.08 0.57 0.19 0.38
2.84
7.18 1.00 0.67
2.71 7.05 0.95 0.17 0.95 0.17
0.93 1.08 0.77 0.15 .. ..
3.59 2.34 1.72 0.16
2.55
8.99 0.89 0.59 0.15 ....
0.29 0.45
....
....
..
..
..
4 78 0.96 0.27 0.14
1.35 2.69|0.68 0.14 0.14
2.15 4.24 1.11 0.13 0.39 0.27
VII.
§ Cases Deaths .
2.81 3.44 1.09 0.31 0.31 ...
3.45 0.15
0.75 0.45
....
4.51|4.19 1.61 0.64 0.32
2.80 1.25 0.62
1 22 2.49
4.53
6.99 0.60 0.30 0.30
2.19 7.97 0.88 0.59 0.29
4.03 5.19 1.19 0.06 0.48 0.33
IX.
§ Cases Deaths .
2.77 2.49 1.65 0.28.0 28
0.25
0.51
....
. .
...
1 88 2.19 1.88|
5.45
7.75 0.58 1.73 ...
5.57 8.07 2.51 0.56 1.68 0.28
4.36 4.51 1.87 0.14 0.69 0.16
X.
§ Cases {Deaths .
8.23 4.76 2.60 0.43
6 43
6 03 3.22 0.41 0.81
1.04 2.43 0.36 0.69
1.90 0.32 1.90 0.32 . ...
...
. .
1.33 1.23 0,90
2.62 2.45 1.22 0.17 0.18 0.05 0.18 0.25 0.11 ....
3.73
8.39 1.16 0.79 0.15
0.08 0.46 0.19
2.07 5.39 1.24 2.73 5.05 1.16 0.11 0.59 0.23
.
. .
....
....
....
..
....
. .
1.25 0.72
....
3.34 3.51 1.04 1 69 1.01 0.84
4.75 15.88 2.13
2.28 7.34 0.82 0.33
..
2.83 3.29 1.94
2.64 4.57 1.12 0.05 0.43 0.13
VIII.
§ Cases Deaths .
4.52 2.49 1.66
8.44 11 00 2.93 0.38
1.83|1 10
. .
. .
1.77
3.54 2.78
1.69 4.56 0.72 0.28
0.70 0.93 1.63
3.95 3.26 2.79 0.23 0.47
3.71
6.81 1.09 0.22 0.22
2.81 4.04 2.63
2.49 3.69 1.89
0.04 0.15 0.24
....
7.68 1 57
City .
§ Cases Deaths . .
4.12 4.68 1.16 2.53 0.32 0.81 0.19
0 09
0.96 0.46
2.72 5.51 0.86 0.11 0.76 0.19
6.87 1.05
2.01 7.55 1.02 0.88 0.14
1.14 2.41 0.85 .... 0.43 0.43
1.54 1.96 2.09 0.14
2.73 0.27
0.56
. .. .
..
...
....
....
0.23
....
0,35
1.81
0.19 1.11 0.74
0.22 0.66
...
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
3.26 6.24 1.33
0.18 0.78 0.28
2.24
Typhoid Fever.
0.31
302
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Undertakers.
Under the provisions of Section 7 of Chapter 437 of the Acts of the legislature for the year 1897, fourteen persons have been duly licensed as undertakers, and two petitions for such licenses refused.
Examiners of Plumbers.
The public statutes provide for a Board of Examiners of Plumbers, consisting of the Chairman of the Board of Health, the Inspector of Buildings, and an expert at plumbing, to be appointed by the Board of Health. This Board appointed of expert. The number of licenses granted will be found in the report of the Inspector of Buildings.
Health Department Account.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$34,800 00
Sale of offal to Hannibal S. Pond
1,100 00
Ernest O. Raymond, expenses, smallpox case
437 47
Permit fees to keep swine, goats, and collect grease .
58 00
Fees received from Milk Inspector
139 42
Tom Costello, wages overpaid
12 00
Total credit
DEBIT.
Expenditures :-
For Agent's Salary
$1,200 00
Salary of Superintendent of Collection of Ashes and Offal
900 00
Salary of Inspector of Animals and Pro- visions
600 00
Salary of Inspector Vinegar
of Milk and
500 00
Salary of Bacteriologist
296 74
Collection of ashes .
11,743 19
Collection of offal
12,624 00
Stable expenses
704 00
Wagons, sleds, and repairing same
966 70
Tools, and repairing same
182 56
Harnesses and horse clothing
587 00
Horses and horse doctoring
1,023 50
Horseshoeing
622 78
Hay and grain
3,882 44
Vaccine virus
553 76
Culture tubes and anti-toxin
20 00
Burying dead animals
117 50
Books, stationery, and printing
120 00
Office expenses, Milk Inspector
122 42
Bacteriological laboratory
245 77
Incidentals
552 73
Amounts carried forward
$37,565 09
$36,546 89
$36,546 89
303
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Amounts brought forward
$37,565 09
$36,546 89
Smallpox case, William Derrah
615 22
Smallpox case, Ernest O. Raymond
902 16
Smallpox cases (to date), Pest House
79 20
Total debit
$39,161 67
Amount overdrawn
$2,614 78
ALLEN F. CARPENTER, Chairman, ALVANO T. NICKERSON, ARTHUR R. PERRY, M. D., Board of Health.
REPORT OF INSPECTOR OF ANIMALS AND PROVISIONS.
Somerville, Mass., January 1, 1902.
To the Honorable, the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen :-
Gentlemen,-I submit the following report as inspector of animals and provisions for the year ending December 31, 1901.
Statement of animals killed during the year at the five slaughtering establishments in the city: John P. Squire & Co., Corporation, Medford street, 601,753 swine; North Packing & Provision Co., Medford street, 723,740 swine; New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co., Medford street, 320,527 sheep, 55,398 calves, 14,732 cattle, 134 swine; Sturtevant & Haley Beef & Supply Co., Somerville avenue, 4,761 cattle; Rachel Gunsen- hiser, North street, 306 cattle, 69 calves ; total number of animals slaughtered, 1,721,420. 26,467 sheep and lambs and 62,421 cattle have been quarantined at Somerville before shipment to Europe. Brighton, Watertown and Somerville are quarantine stations established by the State Board of Cattle Commissioners.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.